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Setiawati T, Arofah AN, Nurzaman M, Annisa A, Mutaqin AZ, Hasan R. Effect of sucrose as an elicitor in increasing quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (quercitrin) content of chrysanthemum ( Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) callus culture based on harvest time differences. BIOTECHNOLOGIA 2023; 104:289-300. [PMID: 37850113 PMCID: PMC10578125 DOI: 10.5114/bta.2023.130731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) contains secondary metabolites, such as flavonoid compounds, especially luteolin-7-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (quercitrin), in its tissues. Utilizing sucrose as an elicitor through callus culture presents an alternative method to enhance the production of secondary metabolites. This research aimed to determine the best sucrose concentration and harvest time for maximizing quercitrin content in chrysanthemum callus culture. The research employed a completely randomized design with four treatment groups: 0, 30, 45, and 60 g/l of sucrose added to MS medium containing 4 ppm 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Callus samples were harvested on the 15th and 30th days of culture. The observed parameters included callus morphology (color and texture), fresh weight, dry weight, the diameter of the callus, and quercitrin content analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that all callus cultures exhibited intermediate textures and varied colors, predominantly shades of brown. The treatment involving 45 g/l of sucrose with a 30th-day harvest yielded the highest fresh weight, dry weight, and quercitrin content, namely 2.108 g, 0.051 g, and 0.437 mg/g DW, respectively. Notably, the quercitrin content exhibited a 63.67% increase compared to the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tia Setiawati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
| | - Annisa N. Arofah
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
| | - Mohamad Nurzaman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
| | - Annisa Annisa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
| | - Asep Z. Mutaqin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
| | - Rusdi Hasan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
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Chen G, Kang R, Wang Z, Jiang Y, Zhou H, Abuduaini A, Suo F, Huang L. The complete mitochondrial genome of Cuminum cyminum (Apiales: Apiaceae) and phylogenetic analysis. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2023; 8:760-765. [PMID: 37521907 PMCID: PMC10375935 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2023.2238357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L). belongs to the family Apiaceae and the order Apiales, which is a widely grown spice and medicinal plant in Xinjiang province, China. In the current study, whole genome sequencing of C. cyminum was performed using the Illumina HiSeq 4000 platform, and the complete mitogenome sequence was assembled and annotated. We found that the single circular mitogenome of C. cyminum was 246,721 bp in length, and has about 45.5% GC content. It comprised 73 genes in the coding region (35 protein-coding genes, 18 tRNA genes, 3 rRNA genes, and 15 open-reading frames) and a non-coding region. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that C. cyminum is closely related to Daucus carota and the subtribes Daucinae. The mitogenome of C. cyminum revealed its phylogenetic relationships with other species in the Apiaceae family, which would further help in understanding its evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ruiping Kang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumchi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Huiying Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumchi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Aifeire Abuduaini
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumchi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Feiya Suo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumchi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Luodong Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Chrysanthemum boreale Makino Inhibits Oxidative Stress-Induced Neuronal Damage in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells by Suppressing MAPK-Regulated Apoptosis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175498. [PMID: 36080264 PMCID: PMC9457777 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in the pathological processes of many neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we demonstrated that Chrysanthemum boreale Makino extract (CBME) suppresses oxidative stress-induced neurotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism. Our observations revealed that CBME effectively protected neuronal cells against H2O2-induced cell death by preventing caspase-3 activation, Bax upregulation, Bcl-2 downregulation, activation of three mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and NF-κB phosphorylation, and iNOS induction. These results provide evidence that CBME has remarkable neuroprotective properties in SH-SY5Y cells against oxidative damage, suggesting that the complementary or even alternative role of CBME in preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases is worth further studies.
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Wu L, Nie L, Guo S, Wang Q, Wu Z, Lin Y, Wang Y, Li B, Gao T, Yao H. Identification of Medicinal Bidens Plants for Quality Control Based on Organelle Genomes. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:842131. [PMID: 35242042 PMCID: PMC8887618 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.842131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bidens plants are annuals or perennials of Asteraceae and usually used as medicinal materials in China. They are difficult to identify by using traditional identification methods because they have similar morphologies and chemical components. Universal DNA barcodes also cannot identify Bidens species effectively. This situation seriously hinders the development of medicinal Bidens plants. Therefore, developing an accurate and effective method for identifying medicinal Bidens plants is urgently needed. The present study aims to use phylogenomic approaches based on organelle genomes to address the confusing relationships of medicinal Bidens plants. Illumina sequencing was used to sequence 12 chloroplast and eight mitochondrial genomes of five species and one variety of Bidens. The complete organelle genomes were assembled, annotated and analysed. Phylogenetic trees were constructed on the basis of the organelle genomes and highly variable regions. The organelle genomes of these Bidens species had a conserved gene content and codon usage. The 12 chloroplast genomes of the Bidens species were 150,489 bp to 151,635 bp in length. The lengths of the eight mitochondrial genomes varied from each other. Bioinformatics analysis revealed the presence of 50–71 simple sequence repeats and 46–181 long repeats in the organelle genomes. By combining the results of mVISTA and nucleotide diversity analyses, seven candidate highly variable regions in the chloroplast genomes were screened for species identification and relationship studies. Comparison with the complete mitochondrial genomes and common protein-coding genes shared by each organelle genome revealed that the complete chloroplast genomes had the highest discriminatory power for Bidens species and thus could be used as a super barcode to authenticate Bidens species accurately. In addition, the screened highly variable region trnS-GGA-rps4 could be also used as a potential specific barcode to identify Bidens species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Nie
- National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shiying Guo
- China Resources Sanjiu Medical & Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengjun Wu
- China Resources Sanjiu Medical & Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yulin Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Baoli Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Yao,
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van Lieshout N, van Kaauwen M, Kodde L, Arens P, Smulders MJM, Visser RGF, Finkers R. De novo whole-genome assembly of Chrysanthemum makinoi, a key wild chrysanthemum. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:jkab358. [PMID: 34849775 PMCID: PMC8727959 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum is among the top 10 cut, potted, and perennial garden flowers in the world. Despite this, to date, only the genomes of two wild diploid chrysanthemums have been sequenced and assembled. Here, we present the most complete and contiguous chrysanthemum de novo assembly published so far, as well as a corresponding ab initio annotation. The cultivated hexaploid varieties are thought to originate from a hybrid of wild chrysanthemums, among which the diploid Chrysanthemum makinoi has been mentioned. Using a combination of Oxford Nanopore long reads, Pacific Biosciences long reads, Illumina short reads, Dovetail sequences, and a genetic map, we assembled 3.1 Gb of its sequence into nine pseudochromosomes, with an N50 of 330 Mb and a BUSCO complete score of 92.1%. Our ab initio annotation pipeline predicted 95,074 genes and marked 80.0% of the genome as repetitive. This genome assembly of C. makinoi provides an important step forward in understanding the chrysanthemum genome, evolution, and history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha van Lieshout
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Kaauwen
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Kodde
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Arens
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus J M Smulders
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Richard G F Visser
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Finkers
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
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Methods and Tools for Plant Organelle Genome Sequencing, Assembly, and Downstream Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2107:49-98. [PMID: 31893443 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0235-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Organelles play an important role in a eukaryotic cell. Among them, the two organelles, chloroplast and mitochondria, are responsible for the critical function of photosynthesis and aerobic respiration. Organellar genomes are also very important for plant systematic studies. Here we have described the methods for isolation of the mitochondrial and plastid DNA and its subsequent sequencing with the help of NGS technology. We have also discussed in detail the various tools available for assembly, annotation, and visualization of the organelle genome sequence.
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