The complete nucleotide sequence of chloroplast genome of Euphorbia kansui (Euphorbiaceae), an endemic herb in China

The evolutionary fate of rpl32 and rps16 losses in the Euphorbia schimperi (Euphorbiaceae) plastome

Gene transfers from mitochondria and plastids to the nucleus are an important process in the evolution of the eukaryotic cell. Plastid (pt) gene losses have been documented in multiple angiosperm lineages and are often associated with functional transfers to the nucleus or substitutions by duplicated nuclear genes targeted to both the plastid and mitochondrion. The plastid genome sequence of Euphorbia schimperi was assembled and three major genomic changes were detected, the complete loss of rpl32 and pseudogenization of rps16 and infA. The nuclear transcriptome of E. schimperi was sequenced to investigate the transfer/substitution of the rpl32 and rps16 genes to the nucleus. Transfer of plastid-encoded rpl32 to the nucleus was identified previously in three families of Malpighiales, Rhizophoraceae, Salicaceae and Passifloraceae. An E. schimperi transcript of pt SOD-1-RPL32 confirmed that the transfer in Euphorbiaceae is similar to other Malpighiales indicating that it occurred early in the divergence of the order. Ribosomal protein S16 (rps16) is encoded in the plastome in most angiosperms but not in Salicaceae and Passifloraceae. Substitution of the E. schimperi pt rps16 was likely due to a duplication of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial-targeted rps16 resulting in copies dually targeted to the mitochondrion and plastid. Sequences of RPS16-1 and RPS16-2 in the three families of Malpighiales (Salicaceae, Passifloraceae and Euphorbiaceae) have high sequence identity suggesting that the substitution event dates to the early divergence within Malpighiales.

The complete molecular sequence of chloroplast genome of Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet

The complete molecular sequence of chloroplast genome of Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet was firstly assembled and characterized using Illumina sequencing technology. It is 151916 bp in length, with a GC content of 35.4%, and has a typical quadrant structure, including a large single-copy region (LSC), a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs) and a small single-copy region (SSC), the sequence length is 81132, 53244, 17540 bp, respectively. There are 131 genes in the L. purpureus chloroplast genome, including 84 encoding protein genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 38 tRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that L. purpureus clustered into a large evolutionary clade with three Vigna species.

The complete chloroplast genome of Forsythia mira, an endemic medicinal shrub in China

Forsythia mira M. C. Chang (Oleaceae) is an endemic medicinal shrub in China. In this study, we first characterized its whole plastid genome sequence using the Illumina sequencing platform. The plastid genome was 156,485 bp in length, comprising of a large single copy (LSC) region of 87,223 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 17,830 bp, and two inverted repeat regions (IRs) of 51,432 each. The genome of F. mira contained 133 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNAs (tRNA), and 8 ribosomal RNAs (rRNA). The phylogenetic analysis showed that F. mira was placed as a sister to the congeneric F. suspensa.