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De AK, Sawhney S, Sunder J, Muthiyan R, Ponraj P, Sujatha T, Malakar D, Mondal S, Bera AK, Kumar A, Chakurkar EB, Bhattacharya D. Peeping into Mitochondrial Diversity of Andaman Goats: Unveils Possibility of Maritime Transport with Diversified Geographic Signaling. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040784. [PMID: 37107542 PMCID: PMC10138289 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a part of South-East Asia, is enriched with the presence of native breeds of livestock (cattle, pig, goat) and poultry. There are two native goat breeds, viz., Andaman local goat and Teressa goat in Andaman and Nicobar Islands. However, to date, the origin and genetic makeup of these two breeds have not been detailed. Therefore, the present study describes the genetic makeup of Andaman goats through analysis of mitochondrial D-loop sequence for sequence polymorphism, phylogeographical signaling and population expansion events. The genetic diversity of the Teressa goat was less compared to the Andaman local goat due to its sole presence on Teressa Island. Out of 38 well-defined haplotypes of Andaman goats, the majority of haplotypes belonged to haplogroup A followed by haplogroup B and haplogroup D. The result of mismatch distribution and neutrality tests indicated no population expansion event of haplogroup A and B. Finally, based on poor geographical signaling, we hypothesize that Andaman goats have been imported to these Islands either through multidirectional diffusion or unidirectional diffusion. We justify our hypothesis of multidirectional diffusion on the basis of observation of the haplotype and nucleotide diversity of Andaman goats. Simultaneously, the probability of unidirectional diffusion of goats in these islands from the Indian subcontinent in different spells of domestication events through maritime routes cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar De
- Animal Science Division, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744101, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Sneha Sawhney
- Animal Science Division, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744101, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Jai Sunder
- Animal Science Division, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744101, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Ramachandran Muthiyan
- Animal Science Division, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744101, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Perumal Ponraj
- Animal Science Division, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744101, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Tamilvanan Sujatha
- Animal Science Division, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744101, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Dhruba Malakar
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Samiran Mondal
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, West Bengal, India
| | - Asit Kumar Bera
- Reservoir and Wetland Fisheries Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fishery Research Institute, Barrackpore 700120, West Bengal, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Centre for Technology Alternatives for Rural Areas, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Eaknath Bhanudasrao Chakurkar
- Animal Science Division, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744101, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Debasis Bhattacharya
- Animal Science Division, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744101, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
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De AK, Chakraborty D, Ponraj P, Sawhney S, Banik S, Chakurkar EB, Bhattacharya D. Supplementing turmeric rhizome powder in growing Andaman local pigs: a conflated approach for therapy evaluation. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:45. [PMID: 36692602 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03459-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This paper examined the pluripotent effect of supplementation of turmeric rhizome powder (TRP) (Curcuma longa) in growing Andaman local pigs. A total of 48 pigs were randomly allotted into four groups and fed diets containing TRP at 4 concentrations, that is, 0 (control group), 0.05 (treatment 1), 0.1 (treatment 2), and 0.2% (treatment 3) for 30 days. The mean body weight of pigs supplemented with 0.1% and 0.2% TRP was significantly higher than that of the control group (41.66 ± 0.44, 42.59 ± 0.33 vs 40.38 ± 0.30 kg; p ≤ 0.05) which indicated the effect of TRP as growth enhancer. A significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in serum concentration of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was recorded in supplemented groups as compared to the control group. Creatinine kinase (U/l) decreased in all the treatment groups as compared to the control group. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased significantly after supplementation with 0.1% and 0.2% TRP in comparison to the control group. However, there was marked increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dl) in all TRP-supplemented groups than the control group (27.67 ± 0.60 in T1, 32.76 ± 0.32 in T2, and 34.58 ± 0.37 in T3 vs. 23.73 ± 0.69 in control; p ≤ 0.05). Further, there was increase in antioxidant profile after TRP supplementation. Anti-inflammatory potentiality of TRP could also be appreciated since TRP supplementation downregulated (p ≤ 0.05) expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ. Therefore, we perceive that this conflated approach is an example of its own kind to focus on modification of health status of pigs for more productivity and augmentation of immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar De
- Animal Science Division, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744101, India.
| | - Dibyendu Chakraborty
- Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, R.S. Pura, Jammu, 181102, India
| | - Perumal Ponraj
- Animal Science Division, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744101, India
| | - Sneha Sawhney
- Animal Science Division, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744101, India
| | - Santanu Banik
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Guwahati, Assam, 781131, India
| | - Eaknath B Chakurkar
- Animal Science Division, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744101, India
| | - Debasis Bhattacharya
- Animal Science Division, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744101, India.
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Legacies of domestication, Neolithic diffusion and trade between Indian subcontinent and Island Southeast Asia shape maternal genetic diversity of Andaman cattle. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278681. [PMID: 36490290 PMCID: PMC9733863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Andaman cattle is a precious indigenous livestock species endemic to Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Till date, origin and genetic makeup of the breed which is warranted for breed conservation is not known. Moreover, the spread of zebu cattle from Indus valley to different parts of Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) is not properly understood. Here, we report the genetic diversity, population structure of Andaman cattle and their evolution in the context of epicentre of zebu domestication and ISEA. High genetic diversity in complete mitochondrial D-loop sequences indicated the ability of the breed to withstand impending climate change. Total 81 haplotypes were detected and all of them except three belonged to Bos indicus. The presence of taurine haplotypes in Andaman cattle indicate introgression by European-derived cattle. A poor phylogenetic signal of Andaman cattle with genetic affinities with cattle of Indian subcontinent and ISEA was observed. The poor phylogenetic structure may be due to multidirectional gene flow from Indian subcontinent and ISEA, with which Andaman shares a close cultural and trade relationship from Neolithic age. We hypothesize that Andaman cattle is the outcome of Neolithic diffusion from centre of zebu domestication along with multidirectional commercial exchange between Indian subcontinent and ISEA.
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THUTWA KETSHEPHAONE, CHABO RICKSGALETSENE, KGWATALALA PATRICKMONAMETSI, NSOSO SHALAULANIJAMES. Indigenous pig genetic resources: Preliminary documentation of current status and population trend of Tswana pigs in three districts of Botswana. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v92i11.125939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the status, population and population trend of Tswana pigs in three districts of Botswana. A survey was conducted for three consecutive years from 2018 to 2020 in three districts to establish the status of indigenous Tswana pigs in the country in terms of their population. The three districts were Kgatleng, Kweneng and South-East. These districts were purposely chosen because they are the ones which have a considerable number of indigenous Tswana pigs. A structured questionnaire was administered to 71 farmers in 2018, 50 farmers in 2019 and 71 farmers in 2020. The population of indigenous Tswana pigs declined over the three years of study. South-East district had the highest number of indigenous pigs and Kweneng district had the least number during the three years of study. Sows and gilts were more than boars. The average herd size ranged from 3.5 to 20 over the three years. According to risk status classification by FAO, the status of indigenous Tswana breed in the southern districts of Botswana is ‘endangered’ and the estimated population growth rate is less than one. There is a strong positive and significant difference between the total number of pigs and the number of female pigs. The regression analysis indicated a positive impact of adult female pig numbers on the total number of Tswana pigs.
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Andaman local goat: mitochondrial genome characterization and lineage analysis. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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The whole mitochondrial genome signature of Teressa goat, an indigenous goat germplasm of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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De AK, Sawhney S, Ponraj P, Muthiyan R, Muniswamy K, Ravi SK, Malakar D, Alyethodi RR, Mondal S, Sunder J, Banik S, Kundu A, Bhattacharya D. Maternal lineage of Nicobari pig ( Sus scrofa nicobaricus) correlated with migration of Nicobarese, a native tribal population of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Anim Biotechnol 2021; 34:156-165. [PMID: 34310265 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1950742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nicobari pig is reared by Nicobarese, a native tribal population of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Nicobari pig has maintained its genetic identity due to geographical isolation. This communication is the first report on maternal inheritance of Nicobari pigs. DNA polymorphism data showed seven haplotypes. D-loop sequence information and mitogenome analysis were able to earmark Nicobari pigs to Asian clade. The domestication process of pigs and its expansion pattern help to understand human migration pattern. Based on this hypothesis, this communication elucidates the probable origin of Nicobarese. Earlier studies indicated that Nicobarese had genetic affinities to races distributed in China, Malaysia and Thailand. Our data on maternal inheritance of Nicobari pig correlates with the data on migration of Nicobarese. Moreover, we could establish a novel connection of Nicobarese with people of Northeastern parts of India, Philippines and Vietnam through phylogenetic signal and geographical provenance of Nicobari pig. We further concluded that migration of Nicobarese happened during Western route of migration (WRM) ∼4000 years before present. Therefore, we propose one wave hypothesis of peopling of Nicobar based on our study and existence of Ausrtroasiatic language, Mon-Khmer in these islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar De
- Animal Science Division, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, India
| | - Sneha Sawhney
- Animal Science Division, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, India
| | - Perumal Ponraj
- Animal Science Division, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, India
| | - Ramachandran Muthiyan
- Animal Science Division, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, India
| | - Kangayan Muniswamy
- Animal Science Division, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Ravi
- Animal Science Division, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, India
| | - Dhruba Malakar
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - R R Alyethodi
- Animal Science Division, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, India
| | - Samiran Mondal
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Jai Sunder
- Animal Science Division, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, India
| | - Santanu Banik
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Guwahati, India
| | - Anandamoy Kundu
- Animal Science Division, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, India
| | - Debasis Bhattacharya
- Animal Science Division, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, India
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