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Yang Q, Li Y, Cai L, Gan G, Wang P, Li W, Li W, Jiang Y, Li D, Wang M, Xiong C, Chen R, Wang Y. Characteristics, Comparative Analysis, and Phylogenetic Relationships of Chloroplast Genomes of Cultivars and Wild Relatives of Eggplant (Solanum melongena). Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2832-2846. [PMID: 37185709 PMCID: PMC10136506 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45040185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The eggplant (Solanum melongena) is a popular vegetable around the world. However, the origin and evolution of eggplant has long been considered complex and unclear, which has become the barrier to improvements in eggplant breeding. Sequencing and comparative analyses of 13 complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of seven Solanum species were performed. Genome sizes were between 154,942 and 156,004 bp, the smallest genome was from S. torvum and the largest from S. macrocapon. Thirteen cp genomes showed highly conserved sequences and GC contents, particularly at the subgenus level. All genes in the 13 genomes were annotated. The cp genomes in this study comprised 130 genes (i.e., 80 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 42 tRNA genes), apart from S. sisymbriifolium, which had 129 (79 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 42 tRNA genes.). The rps16 was absent from the cp genome of S. sisymbriifolium, resulting in a nonsense mutation. Twelve hotspot regions of the cp genome were identified, which showed a series of sequence variations and differed significantly in the inverted repeat/single-copy boundary regions. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis was conducted using 46 cp genomic sequences to determine interspecific genetic and phylogenetic relationships in Solanum species. All species formed two branches, one of which contained all cultivars of the subgenus Leptostemonum. The cp genome data and phylogenetic analysis provides molecular evidence revealing the origin and evolutionary relationships of S. melongena and its wild relatives. Our findings suggest precise intra- and interspecies relatedness within the subgenus Leptostemonum, which has positive implications for work on improvements in eggplant breeding, particularly in producing heterosis, expanding the source of species variation, and breeding new varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Yang
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530003, China
| | - Ye Li
- Habin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150008, China
| | - Liangyu Cai
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530003, China
| | - Guiyun Gan
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530003, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530003, China
| | - Weiliu Li
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530003, China
| | - Wenjia Li
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530003, China
| | - Yaqin Jiang
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530003, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530003, China
| | - Mila Wang
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530003, China
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Cheng Xiong
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Riyuan Chen
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530003, China
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yikui Wang
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530003, China
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Morphological and Physio-Chemical Responses to PEG-Induced Water Stress in Vanilla planifolia and V. pompona Hybrids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054690. [PMID: 36902119 PMCID: PMC10003678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vanilla planifolia is an orchid of cultural and economic value. However, its cultivation in many tropical countries is threatened by water stress. In contrast, V. pompona is a species that is tolerant of prolonged periods of drought. Due to the need for plants' resistant to water stress, the use of hybrids of these two species is considered. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the morphological and physio-chemical responses of in vitro vanilla seedlings of the parental genotype V. planifolia, and the hybrids V. planifolia × V. pompona and V. pompona × V. planifolia, which were then exposed over five weeks to polyethylene glycol-induced water stress (-0.49 mPa). Stem and root length, relative growth rate, number of leaves and roots, stomatal conductance, specific leaf area, and leaf water content were determined. Metabolites potentially associated with the response to water stress were identified in leaves, through untargeted and targeted metabolomics. Both hybrids exhibited a smaller decrease in the morphophysiological responses compared to V. planifolia and exhibited an enrichment of metabolites such as carbohydrates, amino acids, purines, phenols, and organic acids. Hybrids of these two species are considered as a potential alternative to the traditional cultivation of vanilla to face drought in a global warming scenario.
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