Complete mitochondrial genome of Acanthopsyche nigraplaga (Lepidoptera: Psychidae)

Comparative genome and phylogenetic analysis revealed the complex mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic position of Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley

Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley is a destructive pest that causes severe economic damage to litchi and longan. Previous C. sinensis research has focused on population life tables, oviposition selectivity, pest population prediction, and control technology. However, there are few studies on its mitogenome and phylogenetic evolution. In this study, we sequenced the whole mitogenome of C. sinensis by the third-generation sequencing, and analyzed the characteristics of its mitogenome by comparative genome. The complete mitogenome of C. sinensis is a typical circular and double-stranded structure. The ENC-plot analyses revealed that natural selection could affect the information of codon bias of the protein-coding genes in the mitogenome of C. sinensis in the evolutionary process. Compared with 12 other Tineoidea species, the trnA-trnF gene cluster of tRNA in the C. sinensis mitogenome appears to have a new arrangement pattern. This new arrangement has not been found in other Tineoidea or other Lepidoptera, which needs further exploration. Meanwhile, a long AT repeated sequence was inserted between trnR and trnA, trnE and trnF, ND1 and trnS in the mitogenome of C. sinensis, and the reason for this sequence remains to be further studied. Furthermore, the results of phylogenetic analysis showed that the litchi fruit borer belonged to Gracillariidae, and Gracillariidae was monophyletic. The results will contribute to an improved understanding of the complex mitogenome and phylogeny of C. sinensis. It also will provide a molecular basis for further research on the genetic diversity and population differentiation of C. sinensis.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Attacus atlas formosanus Villiard, 1969 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)

The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Attacus atlas formosanus (Villiard, 1969) is 15,280 bp in length, with the typical gene content and arrangement usually observed in Insecta. It contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and one AT-rich region. The overall nucleotide composition of the mitogenome was 39.8% A, 12.9% C, 7.7% G, and 39.6% T, with an A + T bias of 79.4%. Phylogenetic analyses of 23 species in Saturniidae and 3 species in Bombycidae by Bayesian inference showed that A. atlas formosanus belonged to the Tribe Attacini, closely related to Tribe Saturniini. Besides, A. atlas formosanus is closely related to A. atlas with 99% sequence identity. This result well supported the taxonomic position of Saturniidae and their close relationship with the family Bombycidae.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Monopis longella Walker, 1863 (Lepidoptera: Tineidae)

The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Monopis longella Walker, 1863 (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) comprises 15,541 bp and contains a typical set of genes and one non-coding region. The gene arrangement of M. longella is unique for Lepidoptera in that it has a trnI-trnM-trnQ sequence in the A + T-rich region and ND2 junction. Unlike most other lepidopteran insects, in which the COI gene has CGA as the start codon, M. longella COI has an ATT codon. Phylogenetic analyses based on the concatenated sequences of 13 protein-coding genes and two rRNA genes, using the Bayesian inference (BI) method, placed M. longella in the Tineidae, sister in position to the cofamilial species, Tineola bisselliella, with the highest nodal support. Tineidae, represented by three species including M. longella, formed a monophyletic group with high support (Bayesian posterior probability = 0.99). Within Tineoidea the sister relationship between Tineidae and Meessiidae was obtained with the highest support, leaving Psychidae occupying the basal lineage of the two families.