One pot chemical synthesis of ultrafine NiAl2O4 nanoparticles: physico-chemical properties and photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes under visible light irradiation

Strategies for ameliorating the photodegradation efficiency of Mn-doped CdAl2O4 nanoparticles for the toxic dyes under visible light illumination

Worldwide environmental issues have been escalating with the growth of the global economy and become a vital problem. To solve the problems, we require an eco-friendly and sustainable binary catalyst for the degradation of Azo dye pollutants. In this work, magnetically reusable, multifunctional novel Mn-doped CdAl₂O₄ nanoparticles were effectively fabricated by the co-precipitation approach. It was utilized for the degradation of two Azo dyes, exhibiting 96 and 98% Mn (0.050 M)-doped CdAl₂O₄ removal rates under visible light illumination, and presenting improved photocatalytic capability than that of pure and other dopants. More notably, the Mn (0.050 M)-doped CdAl₂O₄ catalyst was recycled using centrifuges without major loss and displays almost similar photodegradation behaviors for six successive runs. According to the ESR measurements, outcome and quenching tests affirmed that ^.OH^- and h⁺ radicals were better reactive species responsible for Azo dyes removal. A possible photodegradation reaction mechanism underlying the elimination of Azo dyes by Mn (0.050 M)-doped CdAl₂O₄ catalyst is also proposed. Elaborated analyzes by variable reaction parameters such as the role of reactive species and catalyst dosage, pH, COD and irradiation time in the degradation route was also discussed. We assume that our outcomes will provide novel insights into using a highly effectual Mn (0.050 M)-doped CdAl₂O₄ catalyst, with possible applications in the treatment of both industrial and domestic wastewater.