Consecutive Esotropia with and without Abduction Limitation - Risk Factors and Surgical Outcomes of Lateral Rectus Advancement

The long-term surgical outcomes of lateral rectus advancement in consecutive esotropia

PURPOSE

To evaluate the long-term surgical efficacy of lateral rectus advancement (LRadv) in patients with consecutive esotropia (CET).

METHODS

The medical records of 30 patients who developed CET after bilateral lateral rectus (BLR) recession for exotropia (XT) between 2012 and 2020 were reviewed. The characteristics of patients during their XT surgery were summarized. Among them, 15 patients who underwent LRadv as CET treatment with at least a 1-year follow-up were included to evaluate the long-term efficacy of this surgical approach. The main outcomes were the pre- and post-operative angle of deviation after LRadv. Surgical success was defined as the postoperative deviation within 10 prism diopters (PD), and reoperation was not needed. All data were expressed as median and interquartile ranges.

RESULTS

The median follow-up was 34 months after LRadv surgery. The median postoperative deviation ranged from 28 to 1 PD at 1 year (P < 0.05) and to 5 PD at the final follow-up (P < 0.05). The deviation at each follow-up time showed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). The final surgical success was reduced compared to 1 day and 1 year postoperatively (60% VS 100% and 66.7%, respectively). Undercorrection and overcorrection both occurred at the final follow-up.

CONCLUSION

Although the immediate surgical outcome of LRadv was satisfactory, the success rate reduced with time, which suggests long-term observation is necessary to detect and timely provide appropriate interventions for overcorrection or undercorrection.

How to Better Treat Patients with Intermittent Exotropia: A Review of Surgical Treatment of Intermittent Exotropia

Intermittent exotropia (X(T)) is the most common form of strabismus, especially in Asians. Treatment of X(T) includes occlusion, overminus lens, and surgery, of which, surgery is the mainstay of treatment. Commonly performed surgical procedures for X(T) are bilateral lateral rectus muscle recession or unilateral lateral rectus recession with medial rectus resection; however, it is unclear which of the two surgeries is more effective. The purpose of this review is to provide an insight on the surgical treatment of X(T). Randomized controlled trials, comparative observational studies, and case series with a large number of patients as well as a long follow-up period of over a year were included.