1
|
Kaveh M, Yeganehzad S, Rabie Ashkezary M, Hesarinejad MA, Todaro A, Nishinari K. Chewing gum base: A comprehensive review of composition, production, and assessment methods: Advances and approaches in biodegradability. J Texture Stud 2023; 54:789-807. [PMID: 37584385 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The gum base mass is a colloidal system and the main component of chewing gum; which is an inert, non-nutritious, indigestible, and insoluble part of chewing gum, therefore this substance does not dissolve in the mouth when chewed. The gum base plays the most crucial role in determining the mechanical properties, flexibility, and overall quality of chewing gum. Moreover, it acts as a delivery system to transport sweeteners, flavorings, and other ingredients in chewing gum. Despite the massive market for chewing gum and the provision of a list of the main ingredients in gum base by the Code of Federal Regulations and some international organizations, there is a lack of information about chewing gum base and its compositions in the literature. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to present an overview of the characteristics, ingredients and applications, production process, assessment, and modification methods of the gum base along with the advances and approaches in biodegradability. Biodegradability concerns play a promoting role in the research and development of chewing gum and its applications in the food industry, medical and dental sectors. Reviewing previous studies can surely help for faster development of this path.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Kaveh
- Department of Food Processing, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samira Yeganehzad
- Department of Food Processing, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mansour Rabie Ashkezary
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Forest Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mohammad Ali Hesarinejad
- Department of Food Processing, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Aldo Todaro
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Forest Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Katsuyoshi Nishinari
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ottria R, Xynomilakis O, Casati S, Abbiati E, Maconi G, Ciuffreda P. Chios Mastic Gum: Chemical Profile and Pharmacological Properties in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: From the Past to the Future. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12038. [PMID: 37569412 PMCID: PMC10419108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chios mastic gum, the product of the tree Pistacia lentiscus var. Chia, has been used for more than 2500 years in traditional Greek medicine for treating several diseases, thanks to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of its components. Despite the long-time use of mastic in gastroenterology and in particular in chronic-inflammation-associated diseases, to date, the literature lacks reviews regarding this topic. The aim of the present work is to summarize available data on the effects of P. lentiscus on inflammatory bowel disease. A comprehensive review of this topic could drive researchers to conduct future studies aimed at deeply investigating P. lentiscus effects and hypothesizing a mechanism of action. The present review, indeed, schematizes the possible bioactive components of mastic gum. Particular care is given to P. lentiscus var. Chia medicaments' and supplements' chemical compositions and their pharmacological action in inflammatory bowel disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ottria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (O.X.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Ornella Xynomilakis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (O.X.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Silvana Casati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (O.X.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Ezio Abbiati
- Phytoitalia S.r.l., Via Gran Sasso, 37, Corbetta, 20011 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Maconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (O.X.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (P.C.)
- Gastroenterology Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Pierangela Ciuffreda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (O.X.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (P.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ouahabi S, Loukili EH, Elbouzidi A, Taibi M, Bouslamti M, Nafidi HA, Salamatullah AM, Saidi N, Bellaouchi R, Addi M, Ramdani M, Bourhia M, Hammouti B. Pharmacological Properties of Chemically Characterized Extracts from Mastic Tree: In Vitro and In Silico Assays. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1393. [PMID: 37374175 DOI: 10.3390/life13061393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The mastic tree, scientifically known as Pistacia lentiscus, which belongs to the Anacardiaceae family, was used in this study. The aim of this research was to analyze the chemical composition of this plant and assess its antioxidant and antibacterial properties using both laboratory experiments and computer simulations through molecular docking, a method that predicts the binding strength of a small molecule to a protein. The soxhlet method (SE) was employed to extract substances from the leaves of P. lentiscus found in the eastern region of Morocco. Hexane and methanol were the solvents used for the extraction process. The n-hexane extract was subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to identify its fatty acid content. The methanolic extract underwent high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) to determine the presence of phenolic compounds. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH spectrophotometric test. The findings revealed that the main components in the n-hexane extract were linoleic acid (40.97 ± 0.33%), oleic acid (23.69 ± 0.12%), and palmitic acid (22.83 ± 0.10%). Catechin (37.05 ± 0.15%) was identified as the predominant compound in the methanolic extract through HPLC analysis. The methanolic extract exhibited significant DPPH radical scavenging, with an IC50 value of 0.26 ± 0.14 mg/mL. The antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria innocua, and Escherichia coli, while the antifungal activity was evaluated against Geotrichum candidum and Rhodotorula glutinis. The P. lentiscus extract demonstrated notable antimicrobial effects. Additionally, apart from molecular docking, other important factors, such as drug similarity, drug metabolism and distribution within the body, potential adverse effects, and impact on bodily systems, were considered for the substances derived from P. lentiscus. Scientific algorithms, such as Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances (PASS), Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion (ADME), and Pro-Tox II, were utilized for this assessment. The results obtained from this research support the traditional medicinal usage of P. lentiscus and suggest its potential for drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Safae Ouahabi
- Laboratory of Applied and Environmental Chemistry (LCAE), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - El Hassania Loukili
- Laboratory of Applied and Environmental Chemistry (LCAE), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Amine Elbouzidi
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Taibi
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Bouslamti
- Laboratories of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Hiba-Allah Nafidi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nezha Saidi
- Laboratory of Applied and Environmental Chemistry (LCAE), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Reda Bellaouchi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Boulevard Mohamed VI, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Addi
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Ramdani
- Laboratory of Applied and Environmental Chemistry (LCAE), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Laayoune 70000, Morocco
| | - Belkheir Hammouti
- Laboratory of Applied and Environmental Chemistry (LCAE), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alwadi MAM, Sidhu A, Khaled MB, Aboul-Enein BH. Mastic (Pistacia lentiscus) gum and oral health: a state-of-the-art review of the literature. J Nat Med 2023; 77:430-445. [PMID: 37147480 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01704-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this state-of-the-art review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the various therapeutic effects of Mastic (Pistacia lentiscus) gum on oral health. The search of the literature was conducted across thirteen databases for relevant publications published through May 2022 in English, Arabic, or Greek using a combination of keywords and phrases. Out of 246 papers, the search procedure identified 14 papers for inclusion. Mastic gum displayed antibacterial and antimicrobial properties and inhibited plaque accumulation, constituting a beneficial adjuvant in caries prevention. In the treatment and prevention of periodontal diseases, Pistacia lentiscus essential oil provided effective antibacterial activity against a variety of periodontal bacteria as well as anti-inflammatory properties. For oral cancer, several clinical trials revealed interesting results against cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and regulation of intracellular signaling pathways. This indicates the potential of Mastic gum to serve as a preventive and therapeutic agent for oral mucosa inflammation and oral cancer. No notable toxic or side effects were reported in the clinical trials reviewed. This review highlights the various beneficial effects of Mastic gum in the prevention and potential treatment of oral diseases. Further research targeting Pistacia lentiscus products is required in order to validate and utilize these products to prevent and to treat oral health diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maram Ali M Alwadi
- Department of Dental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amrita Sidhu
- School of Public Health, Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Méghit Boumédiène Khaled
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Life and Natural Science, Lab-NuPABS (Laboratoire de Nutrition, Pathologie, Agro-biotechnologie et Santé), Centre de recherche, route de Mascara, Djillali Liabes University, Sidi Bel Abbès, Algeria
| | - Basil H Aboul-Enein
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Triterpenoid and Steroid Content of Lipophilic Extracts of Selected Medicinal Plants of the Mediterranean Region. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020697. [PMID: 36677757 PMCID: PMC9866667 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The available phytochemical characteristics of the medicinal plants and derived herbal material often lack data concerning the content of steroids (including phytosterols) and triterpenoids, that can be responsible for various beneficial properties and therapeutic effects, either directly, or as a result of synergistic action with other bioactive constituents. The aim of the present work was the analysis of the content of these compounds in herbal material (leaves, aerial parts) derived from selected medicinal plants (Cistus ladanifer, Cistus monspeliensis, Erica arborea, Globularia alypum, Pistacia lentiscus, Rhamnus alaternus), widely used in folk medicine in the Mediterranean region. Results obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-targeted profiling revealed the diversity in the profiles and contents of steroids and triterpenoids in the analyzed plant material, ranging from 5.7% d.w. in E. arborea to 0.1% in G. alypum. The obtained results supplement the existing phytochemical data of the investigated medicinal plants, pointing to the E. arborea aerial parts and P. lentiscus leaves as valuable resources of phytosterols and bioactive triterpenoids.
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu W, Li M, Feng Y, Liu Y, Yuan T. Triterpenoids from Chios mastic gum of Pistacia lentiscus and their inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
7
|
Boudjelal A, Napoli E, Benkhaled A, Benazi L, Bey R, Gentile D, Ruberto G. In vivo wound healing effect of Italian and Algerian Pistacia vera L. resins. Fitoterapia 2022; 159:105197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
8
|
Yu YH, Feng YP, Liu W, Yuan T. Diverse Triterpenoids from Mastic Produced by Pistacia lentiscus and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activities. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202101012. [PMID: 35170187 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202101012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Eight undescribed triterpenoids (1-8), including one apotirucallane-type triterpenoid (1), six tirucallane-type triterpenoids (2-7), and one oleanane-type triterpenoid (8), along with ten known compounds (9-18) were isolated from the resins of Pistacia lentiscus. Their structures were elucidated by integrating NMR spectroscopic analyses and ESI-HR-MS. Compounds 5, 11-17 exhibited moderate inhibitory abilities against NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, with IC50 values in the range of 18.26-50.37 μM, compared to that of the positive control dexamethasone (IC50 =20.24 μM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hu Yu
- The Laboratory of Effective Substances of Jiangxi Genuine Medicinal Materials, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Ya-Ping Feng
- The Laboratory of Effective Substances of Jiangxi Genuine Medicinal Materials, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China.,University and College Key Lab of Natural Product Chemistry and Application in Xinjiang, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Yili Normal University, Yi Li Ha Sa Ke Zi Zhi Zhou, Yining, 835000, China
| | - Wei Liu
- University and College Key Lab of Natural Product Chemistry and Application in Xinjiang, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Yili Normal University, Yi Li Ha Sa Ke Zi Zhi Zhou, Yining, 835000, China.,The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, State Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- The Laboratory of Effective Substances of Jiangxi Genuine Medicinal Materials, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China.,The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, State Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Napoli E, Boudjelal A, Benkhaled A, Chabane S, Gentile D, Ruberto G. Chemical composition, safety and efficacy of Pistacia vera L. oleoresin essential oils in experimental wounds. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2021.1917460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Napoli
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Catania, Italy
| | - Amel Boudjelal
- Département de Microbiologie et Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Boudiaf, M’sila, Algérie
| | - Abderrahim Benkhaled
- Département de Microbiologie et Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Boudiaf, M’sila, Algérie
| | - Sarra Chabane
- Département des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Boudiaf, M’sila, Algérie
| | - Davide Gentile
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ruberto
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tabanca N, Nalbantsoy A, Kendra PE, Demirci F, Demirci B. Chemical Characterization and Biological Activity of the Mastic Gum Essential Oils of Pistacia lentiscus Var. Chia from Turkey. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092136. [PMID: 32370246 PMCID: PMC7248992 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oils (EOs) were isolated by hydrodistillation from wild and cultivated Pistacia lentiscus L. var. chia-mastic gum tree (Anacardiaceae) from two natural habitats, namely from Cesme-Uzunkoy (1) and Mordogan (2), and one cultivated source, Cesme-Germiyan (3), in Izmir, Turkey. This comparative study evaluated the chemical composition and biological activity of mastic gum essential oils (MGEOs). For this purpose, MGEOs 1-3 were analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and chiral GC for α-pinene. Laboratory assays were conducted to assess for potential in vitro cytotoxicity (multiple in vitro cancer cell lines), antimicrobial properties (five bacterial species and yeast), anti-inflammatory activity (inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS), and the attraction of Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly, medfly), respectively. Chemical analysis indicated that MGEOs 1 and 2 were rich in α-pinene (56.2% and 51.9%), myrcene (20.1% and 18.6%), and β-pinene (2.7% and 3.1%), respectively; whereas MGEO-3 was characterized by a high level of α-pinene (70.8%), followed by β-pinene (5.7%) and myrcene (2.5%). Chiral GC analyses showed that concentration ratios between (-)/(+)-α-pinene and (-)-α-pinene/myrcene allowed for differentiation between wild and cultivated MGEO sources. In biological assays, MGEOs 1-3 did not exhibit significant antimicrobial effects against the pathogens evaluated and were not strong attractants of male medflies; however, all three MGEOs displayed a dose-dependent inhibition of iNOS, and MGEOs 1 and 2 exhibited selective in vitro cytotoxicity against human cancer cells. These results suggest that wild-type mastic gum oils from Cesme and Mordogan (MGEOs 1 and 2) are potential sources of beneficial products and warrant further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurhayat Tabanca
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station (SHRS), Miami, FL 33158, USA;
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (A.N.); Tel.: +1-(786)-5737077 (N.T.); +90-(232)-3115807 (A.N.)
| | - Ayse Nalbantsoy
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (A.N.); Tel.: +1-(786)-5737077 (N.T.); +90-(232)-3115807 (A.N.)
| | - Paul E. Kendra
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station (SHRS), Miami, FL 33158, USA;
| | - Fatih Demirci
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir 26470, Turkey; (F.D.); (B.D.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta 99628, Cyprus
| | - Betul Demirci
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir 26470, Turkey; (F.D.); (B.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Harrat M, Gourine N, Válega M, Silva AMS, Yousfi M. Seasonal variability of chemical composition and antioxidant activity of lipids (fatty acids and tocopherols) from the leaves of Pistacia lentiscus L. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00441-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
12
|
Gori A, Nascimento LB, Ferrini F, Centritto M, Brunetti C. Seasonal and Diurnal Variation in Leaf Phenolics of Three Medicinal Mediterranean Wild Species: What Is the Best Harvesting Moment to Obtain the Richest and the Most Antioxidant Extracts? Molecules 2020; 25:E956. [PMID: 32093396 PMCID: PMC7071013 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mediterranean plants biosynthesize high amounts of polyphenols, which are important health-promoting compounds. Leaf polyphenolic composition changes according to environmental conditions. Therefore, it is crucial to know the temporal variation in their production. This study aimed to: i) evaluate the monthly and daily changes in polyphenols of Phyllirea latifolia, Cistus incanus, and Pistacia lentiscus to identify their best harvesting moment, ii) verify the possible correlations between phenolic production and temperature and irradiation, iii) evaluate their antioxidant capacity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical (OH)scavenging assays. The extracts of leaves harvested at 8:00, 13:00 and 18:00, in May, July, and October for two years were analysed by HPLC-DAD. Both "month" and "time of the day" affected the polyphenolic content in all species. July at 13:00 was the best harvesting moment for all polyphenolic classes of P. latifolia and only for some classes of C. incanus and P. lentiscus. Environmental parameters positively correlated with the polyphenols of C. incanus and P. latifolia, while the antioxidant capacity only varied in this last species, reaching the highest value in July. Results of the study allow to determine the balsamic time for each species. Moreover, the relationship between polyphenols and environmental data can be useful for the cultivation of these plants under controlled conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Gori
- University of Florence, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forest (DAGRI), Section Woody Plants, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy; (A.G.); (L.B.N.); (F.F.)
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy;
| | - Luana Beatriz Nascimento
- University of Florence, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forest (DAGRI), Section Woody Plants, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy; (A.G.); (L.B.N.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesco Ferrini
- University of Florence, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forest (DAGRI), Section Woody Plants, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy; (A.G.); (L.B.N.); (F.F.)
| | - Mauro Centritto
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy;
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- University of Florence, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forest (DAGRI), Section Woody Plants, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy; (A.G.); (L.B.N.); (F.F.)
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Schoina V, Terpou A, Papadaki A, Bosnea L, Kopsahelis N, Kanellaki M. Enhanced Aromatic Profile and Functionality of Cheese Whey Beverages by Incorporation of Probiotic Cells Immobilized on Pistacia terebinthus Resin. Foods 2019; 9:E13. [PMID: 31877900 PMCID: PMC7022775 DOI: 10.3390/foods9010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
: In the present study, cheese whey was utilized for the development of a novel functional beverage, using Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 probiotic cells immobilized on Pistacia terebinthus resin (pissa Paphos). Evaluation of shelf life of the produced beverages showed that spoilage microorganisms were not observed in beverages containing P. terebinthus resin. Terpenes' rich content might have contributed to the antimicrobial activity of the produced beverages; however, no significant effect on the viability of the immobilized probiotic cells was obtained. Whey beverages containing the immobilized biocatalyst retained a high viability (>1 × 106 CFU/g) of probiotic cells during a storage period of 30 days at 4 °C. The superiority of whey beverages containing the immobilized biocatalyst was also highlighted by GC-MS analysis, while the enhanced aromatic profile, which was mostly attributed to the higher concentration of terpenes, was also detected during the sensory evaluation performed. Conclusively, this study indicated the high commercialization potential of these novel functional whey beverages, within the frame of a sustainable dairy waste valorization approach. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first food-oriented approach within the guidelines of the circular economy reported in the literature, using the autochthonous Pistacia terebinthus resin for the production of functional whey beverages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Schoina
- Food Biotechnology Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece; (V.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Antonia Terpou
- Food Biotechnology Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece; (V.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Aikaterini Papadaki
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, 28100 Kefalonia, Greece; (A.P.); (N.K.)
| | - Loulouda Bosnea
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER, Dairy Research Institute, 45221 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kopsahelis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, 28100 Kefalonia, Greece; (A.P.); (N.K.)
| | - Maria Kanellaki
- Food Biotechnology Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece; (V.S.); (M.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hadjimbei E, Botsaris G, Goulas V, Alexandri E, Gekas V, Gerothanassis IP. Functional stability of goats' milk yoghurt supplemented with
Pistacia atlantica
resin extracts and
Saccharomyces boulardii. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Hadjimbei
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science Cyprus University of Technology P.O. Box 50329Lemesos Cyprus
| | - George Botsaris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science Cyprus University of Technology P.O. Box 50329Lemesos Cyprus
| | - Vlasios Goulas
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science Cyprus University of Technology P.O. Box 50329Lemesos Cyprus
| | - Eleni Alexandri
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Ioannina Ioannina Greece
| | - Vassilis Gekas
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science Cyprus University of Technology P.O. Box 50329Lemesos Cyprus
| | - Ioannis P Gerothanassis
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Ioannina Ioannina Greece
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Napoli E, Gentile D, Ruberto G. GC-MS analysis of terpenes from Sicilian Pistacia vera L. oleoresin. A source of biologically active compounds. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 33:e4381. [PMID: 30194698 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Napoli
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche ICB-CNR, Catania, Italy
| | - Davide Gentile
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche ICB-CNR, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ruberto
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche ICB-CNR, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Magi G, Marini E, Brenciani A, Di Lodovico S, Gentile D, Ruberto G, Cellini L, Nostro A, Facinelli B, Napoli E. Chemical composition of Pistacia vera L. oleoresin and its antibacterial, anti-virulence and anti-biofilm activities against oral streptococci, including Streptococcus mutans. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 96:208-215. [PMID: 30296655 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to characterize the chemical composition of oleoresin of Pistacia vera L. and to determine its antimicrobial and anti-virulence activity versus selected oral streptococci. DESIGN A gaschromatografic analysis of the oleoresin was performed. The antimicrobial and anti-virulence activity of the oleoresin and its fractions was evaluated by the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and/or Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), biofilm production and haemolytic activity inhibition experiments. RESULTS The oleoresin MBCs were ≥1024 μg/mL for all tested strains; the neutral and acidic fraction MBCs ranged from 128 to 2048 μg/mL. Essential oil's MBCs (from 256 to 2048 μg/mL) were almost identical to MICs, suggesting a bactericidal effect. P. vera oleoresin at sub-lethal concentrations significantly reduced biofilm production by Streptococcus mutans (up to 49.4%) and by Streptococcus sanguinis (up to 71.2%). In addition, the acidic fraction showed a specific anti-biofilm activity against S. mutans (up to 41.3% reduction). A significant dose-dependent reduction in the haemolytic activity of S. mutans (up to 65.9%) and of S. anginosus (up to 78.3%) was observed after growth in the presence of oleoresin at sub-lethal concentrations. The acidic fraction reduced haemolytic activity (up to 54.3% at 64 μg/mL) of S. mutans only. CONCLUSIONS Given the anti-virulence activity of the P. vera oleoresin and its acidic fraction against S. mutans, our findings suggest their potential use in oral hygiene. These data represent the first step in the exploitation of P. vera L. oleoresin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Magi
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Emanuela Marini
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Brenciani
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Lodovico
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Davide Gentile
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council ICB-CNR, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ruberto
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council ICB-CNR, Catania, Italy
| | - Luigina Cellini
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonia Nostro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Bruna Facinelli
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Edoardo Napoli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council ICB-CNR, Catania, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Harrat M, Benalia M, Gourine N, Yousfi M. Variability of the chemical compositions of fatty acids, tocopherols and lipids antioxidant activities, obtained from the leaves of Pistacia lentiscus L. growing in Algeria. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2018. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-18198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: One of the objectives of food industry is to seek new resources of oil that preferably presents nutritional values. For human health, fats and particularly vegetable oils are considered as an important source of energy when glucose is not available. In addition, the search for effective, natural compounds with antioxidant activity has been intensified in recent years to replace the synthetic products. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present work was to determine the fatty acids profile (and variability) of the lipid fractions extracted from five different populations of the leaves of Pistacia lentiscus L. growing in Algeria. In addition, the antioxidant activities of the lipidic fractions were also determined. METHODS: The chemical compositions of tocopherols were also analyzed by HPLC for the first time for this plant part. The chemical percentage variability (presence of two main distinguished clusters) of the fatty acids was discussed using statistical analysis methods (Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering “AHC” and principal component analysis “PCA”). The antioxidant activity of the dewaxed lipid fractions were investigated in vitro using two different assays: DPPH (1,1-diphenyl, 2-picrylhydrazyl) free radicals scavenging activity and β-carotene bleaching test. RESULTS: For the overall samples, the main saturated fatty acids components were capric acid (C10:0 = 2.49–13.88%), myristic acid (C14:0 = 4.71–9.12%) and palmitic acid (C16:0 = 5.31–9.03%). Alternatively, the main unsaturated fatty acids were oleic acid (C18:1w9 = 3.42–4.85%), linoleic acid (C18:2w6 = 10.94–16.99%) and most importantly α-linolenic acid (C18:3w3 = 20.92–48.92%), which is known for its multiple dietary, pharmaceutical and clinical benefits. CONCLUSION: The results of fatty acids methyl esters identification using GC and GC-MS showed a clear variability in the composition of fatty acids. The main result of this study illustrate the nutritional potential (richness in MUFA such as C18:1w9, presence of essential fatty acids such as C18:2w6 at all the stages of maturation, richness in omega-3 fatty acids such as C18:3w3. of the oil of P. lentiscus leaves, which can provide opportunities for rational exploitation for medicinal purposes and in the food industries. Regarding tocopherols HPLC analysis, the samples were rich in α-tocopherol (58.51–89.17% of the total tocopherols identified). Finally, and for antioxidant activity measured by β-carotene assay, the obtained values suggested good antioxidant activities when compared with antioxidants of reference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Harrat
- Laboratoire des Sciences Fondamentales (LSF), Université Amar Télidji, Laghouat, Algérie
- Laboratoire de Valorisation et Promotion des Ressources Sahariennes (LVPRS), Faculté des Mathématiques et des Sciences de la Matière, Université Kasdi Merbah d’Ouargla, Ouargla, Algérie
| | - Mohamed Benalia
- Laboratoire des Sciences Fondamentales (LSF), Université Amar Télidji, Laghouat, Algérie
| | - Nadhir Gourine
- Laboratoire des Sciences Fondamentales (LSF), Université Amar Télidji, Laghouat, Algérie
| | - Mohamed Yousfi
- Laboratoire des Sciences Fondamentales (LSF), Université Amar Télidji, Laghouat, Algérie
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
|