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Wang XC, Shen XY, Chen L, Wei R, Wei MY, Gu CH, Xu RR, Ding SQ, Pan B. Preparation, characterization, and anticancer effects of an inclusion complex of coixol with β-cyclodextrin polymers. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2024; 62:2294331. [PMID: 38126136 PMCID: PMC10763830 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2294331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Coix [Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. mayuen (Roman.) Stapf (Poaceae)], a crop of medicinal and edible significance, contains coixol, which has demonstrated anticancer properties. However, the limited solubility of coixol restricts its potential therapeutic applications. OBJECTIVE This study prepared a water-soluble coixol-β-cyclodextrin polymer (CDP) inclusion compound and evaluated its anticancer effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS The coixol-CDP compound was synthesized through a solvent-stirring and freeze-drying technique. Its coixol content was quantified using HPLC, and its stability was tested under various conditions. The anticancer effects of the coixol-CDP compound (4.129, 8.259, 16.518, and 33.035 mg/L for 24, 48, and 72 h) on the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells were evaluated using an MTT assay; cell morphology was examined by Hoechst nuclear staining; apoptosis and cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry; and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins was assessed by Western blots. RESULTS The water-soluble coixol-CDP inclusion compound was successfully prepared with an inclusion ratio of 86.6% and an inclusion yield rate of 84.1%. The coixol content of the compound was 5.63% and the compound remained stable under various conditions. Compared to coixol alone, all 24, 48, and 72 h administrations with the coixol-CDP compound exhibited lower IC50 values (33.93 ± 2.28, 16.80 ± 1.46, and 6.93 ± 0.83 mg/L) in A549 cells; the compound also showed stronger regulatory effects on apoptosis-related proteins. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS These findings offer a new perspective for the potential clinical application of Coix in NSCLC therapy and its future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Chen Wang
- Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yu Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Nantong Tongzhou People’s Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Rong Wei
- Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Ming-Yuan Wei
- Jumpcan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Taixing, China
| | - Cai-Hong Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Rong Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Qing Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou, China
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Ahmad R, Liaquat M, Sammi S, Al-Hawadi JS, Jahangir M, Mumtaz A, Khan I, Okla MK, Alaraidh IA, AbdElgawad H, Liu K, Harrison MT, Saud S, Hassan S, Nawaz T, Zhu M, Liu H, Adnan M, Sadiq A, Rahman TU, Asghari BH, Fahad S. Physicochemical and nutritional profiles of wild adlay ( Coix lacryma-jobi Linn) accessions by GC, FTIR, and spectrophotometer. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101418. [PMID: 38736980 PMCID: PMC11087951 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose of current study was to determine physicochemical, triglyceride composition, and functional groups of wild adlay accessions (brown, black, yellow, grey, green, off white, and purple) to find out its scope as cereal crop. Triglycerides, minerals and functional groups were determined through Gas chromatography, spectrophotometer and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer respectively. Results revealed variation among bulk densities, specific densities, percent empty spaces, and corresponding grain counts per 10 g of sample are useful in distinguishing brown, black, yellow, grey, green, off white, and purple wild adlay accessions. Specific density and grain count per 10 g sample was significantly related. No statistical relationship exists among the pronounced physical characteristics. Brown adlay expressed the highest protein, fat, and fiber contents 15.82%, 4.76% and 2.37% respectively. Protein, fat, ash, and fiber percent contents were found comparable to cultivated adlay. Spectrophotometric analysis revealed macro elements including phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and sodium in the range 0.3% - 2.2% and micro elements boron, iron, copper, zinc, and manganese in the range 1.6 mg/kg - 20.8 mg/kg. Gas chromatography showed polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) constitute the primary fraction (39% ± 7.2) of wild adlay triglycerides. Linoleic and palmitic acids were present as prominent fatty acids, 43.5% ±1.4 and 26.3% ±1.4 respectively. Infra-red frequencies distinguished functional groups in narrow band and fingerprint region of protein in association with out of plane region leading to structural differences among adlay accessions. Comparison of major distinguishing vibrational frequencies among different flours indicated black adlay containing highest functional groups appeared promising for varietal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rauf Ahmad
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Liaquat
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Shehla Sammi
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Jahangir
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Amer Mumtaz
- National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Chak Shezad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad K. Okla
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A. Alaraidh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, 62521 Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ke Liu
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Burnie 7250, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Matthew Tom Harrison
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Burnie 7250, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Shah Saud
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Shah Hassan
- Department of Agricultural Extension Education & Communication, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25130, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Taufiq Nawaz
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Mo Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, Xinxiang 453000, PR China
| | - Haitao Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18000, KP, Pakistan
| | - Tanzeel Ur Rahman
- Department of Hotel Management and Tourism, University of Swabi, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa. Pakistan
| | - Basem H. Asghari
- Department of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- Department of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan
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Zhang T, Chen M, Li D, Sun Y, Liu R, Sun T, Wang L. Extraction, purification, structural characteristics, bioactivity and potential applications of polysaccharides from Semen Coicis: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132861. [PMID: 38838884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Semen Coicis (S. Coicis) has been regarded as a valuable source of traditional herbal medicine in China for thousands of years. S. Coicis polysaccharides (SCPs) are one of the most important bioactive ingredients of S. Coicis, which have attracted worldwide attention, because of their great marketing potential and development prospects. Hot water extraction is currently the most commonly used method to isolate SCPs. The structural characteristics of SCPs have been extensively investigated through various advanced modern analytical techniques to dissect the structure-activity relationships. SCPs are mainly composed of diverse monosaccharides, from which Rha and Ara are the most prevalent glycosyl groups. In addition, the structures of SCPs are found to be closely related to their multiple biological activities, including antioxidant activity, immunomodulatory function, antitumor activity, hypoglycemic effect, intestinal microbiota regulatory activity, anti-inflammatory activity, among others. In view of this, this review aimed to provide systematic and current information on the isolation, structural characteristics, and bioactivities of SCPs to support their future applications as therapeutic agents and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Mengjie Chen
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Dan Li
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China.
| | - Rui Liu
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China.
| | - Tiedong Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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Meng FD, Yuan L, Lu DD, Yang YT, Xu DJ, Che MY, Nan Y. Anti-tumor effect of coix seed based on the theory of medicinal and food homology. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:593-605. [PMID: 38179404 PMCID: PMC10762529 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i12.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Coix seed is a dry and mature seed of Coix lacryma-jobi L.var.ma-yuen (Roman.) Stapf in the Gramineae family. Coix seed has a sweet, light taste, and a cool nature. Coix seed enters the spleen, stomach, and lung meridians. It has the effects of promoting diuresis and dampness, strengthening the spleen to prevent diarrhea, removing arthralgia, expelling pus, and detoxifying and dispersing nodules. It is used for the treatment of edema, athlete's foot, poor urination, spleen deficiency and diarrhea, dampness and obstruction, lung carbuncle, intestinal carbuncle, verruca, and cancer. The medicinal and health value is high, and it has been included in the list of medicinal and food sources in China, which has a large development and application space. This article reviews the current research achievements in the processing methods and anti-tumor activities of Coix seed and provides examples of its clinical application in ancient and modern times, aiming to provide reference for further research on Coix seed and contribute to its clinical application and development. Through the analysis of the traditional Chinese patent medicines, and simple preparations and related health food of Coix seed queried by Yaozhi.com, the source, function, and dosage form of Coix seed were comprehensively analyzed, with a view of providing a reference for the development of Coix seed medicine and food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Di Meng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Dou-Dou Lu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ya-Ting Yang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Duo-Jie Xu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Meng-Ying Che
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yi Nan
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
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5
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Li Z, Zhang S, Meng W, Zhang J, Zhang D. Screening and Activity Analysis of α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Peptides Derived from Coix Seed Prolamins Using Bioinformatics and Molecular Docking. Foods 2023; 12:3970. [PMID: 37959088 PMCID: PMC10649794 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrolysates of coix seed prolamins (CHPs) have an excellent hypoglycemic effect and can effectively inhibit α-glucosidase, which is the therapeutic target enzyme for type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, its hypoglycemic components and molecular mechanisms remain unclear, and its stability in food processing needs to be explored. In this study, four potential α-glucosidase inhibitory peptides (LFPSNPLA, FPCNPLV, HLPFNPQ, LLPFYPN) were identified and screened from CHPs using LC-MS/MS and virtual screening techniques. The results of molecular docking showed that the four peptides mainly inhibited α-glucosidase activity through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, with Pro and Leu in the peptides playing important roles. In addition, CHPs can maintain good activity under high temperatures (40~100 °C) and weakly acidic or weakly alkaline conditions (pH 6.0~8.0). The addition of glucose (at 100 °C) and NaCl increased the inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase in CHPs. The addition of metal ions significantly decreased the inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase by CHPs, and their effects varied in magnitude with Cu2+ having the largest effect followed by Zn2+, Fe3+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+. These results further highlight the potential of CHPs as a foodborne hypoglycemic ingredient, providing a theoretical basis for the application of CHPs in the healthy food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Li
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinfeng Lu 5, Daqing 163319, China; (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (W.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Shu Zhang
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinfeng Lu 5, Daqing 163319, China; (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (W.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Weihong Meng
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinfeng Lu 5, Daqing 163319, China; (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (W.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinfeng Lu 5, Daqing 163319, China; (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (W.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Dongjie Zhang
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinfeng Lu 5, Daqing 163319, China; (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (W.M.); (J.Z.)
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing and Quality Safety of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163319, China
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Zhang S, Li ZM, Feng Y, Yu S, Li Z, Zhang D, Wang C. DPP-IV Inhibitory Peptides from Coix Seed Prolamins: Release, Identification, and Analysis of the Interaction between Key Residues and Enzyme Domains. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:14575-14592. [PMID: 37748081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory peptides can regulate type 2 diabetes by inhibiting the cleavage of glucagon-like peptide-1 and prolonging its half-life. The development of DPP-IV inhibitory peptides is still a hot topic. The primary structure of coix seed prolamins contains peptide sequence fragments that potentially inhibit DPP-IV; however, limited information is available regarding the extraction of peptides from coix seeds and the analysis of their conformational relationships. In this study, novel coix seed prolamin-derived peptides were obtained through single hydrolysis and double-enzyme stepwise hydrolysis. The inhibitory activity of these peptides against DPP-IV was evaluated to explore new functional properties of coix seeds. The results evidenced that the step-by-step enzymolysis (papain and alcalase) compared to single enzymolysis promoted the secondary structure disruption of the hydrolysates, enhanced the β-turn structure, significantly increased the content of peptides below 1 kDa, and exhibited a substantial increase in DPP-IV inhibitory activity (97% inhibition). Three nontoxic DPP-IV inhibitory peptides, namely, LPFYPN, TFFPQ, and ATFFPQ (IC50 = 70.24, 176.87, 268.31 μM), were isolated and identified. All three peptides exhibited strong interactions with DPP-IV (all KA values >103). LPFYPN exhibited competitive inhibition, while TFFPQ and ATFFPQ demonstrated mixed competitive-noncompetitive inhibition. Hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions were the main contributors to the coix seed prolamin peptides binding to DPP-IV. The central residue was a key amino acid in the parent peptide sequence, forming a more stable π-π stacking with residues in the active pocket, which may facilitate peptide activity. This study provides theoretical support for the development of coix seed-derived hypoglycemic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinfeng Lu 5, Daqing 163319, PR China
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ming Li
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinfeng Lu 5, Daqing 163319, PR China
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Yuchao Feng
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinfeng Lu 5, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Shibo Yu
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinfeng Lu 5, Daqing 163319, PR China
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Zhijiang Li
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinfeng Lu 5, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Dongjie Zhang
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinfeng Lu 5, Daqing 163319, PR China
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing and Quality Safety of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinfeng Lu 5, Daqing 163319, PR China
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, PR China
- Heilongjiang Food and Biotechnology Innovation and Research Center (International Cooperation), Daqing 163319, PR China
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Cui E, Qian S, Li J, Jiang X, Wang H, Du S, Du L. Discovery of Coixol Derivatives as Potent Anti-inflammatory Agents. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1950-1959. [PMID: 37561816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Coixol, a derivative of 2-benzoxazolinone extracted from coix (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf), has demonstrated promising anti-inflammatory activity and low cytotoxicity. In this study, 26 coixol derivatives were designed and synthesized by hybridization with cinnamic acid to identify new anti-inflammatory agents. The anti-inflammatory activities of the derivatives were screened using LPS-induced overexpression of nitric oxide (NO) in RAW264.7 macrophages. On the basis of the screening results, compounds containing furan (9c) or nitrofuran (9j) moieties displayed more pronounced activity than coixol and celecoxib. Mechanistic investigations revealed that 9c and 9j suppressed the expression of induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β, which was associated with the inhibition of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway. In vivo studies confirmed the anti-inflammatory activity of 9c and 9j in a xylene-induced mice auricles edema model. The preliminary in vitro and in vivo research findings suggest that 9c and 9j have the potential to be developed as anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enjing Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Shihu Qian
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- Deparment of Medicinal Chemistry, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Xueyang Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- Deparment of Medicinal Chemistry, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Shuaishuai Du
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Le Du
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
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Lee ES, Kim YI, Lee JH, Kim YG, Han KS, Yoon YH, Cho BO, Park K, Lee H, Cho JS. Comparison of Quality, Antioxidant Capacity, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Adlay [ Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen (Rom. Caill.) Stapf.] Sprout at Several Harvest Time. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2975. [PMID: 37631186 PMCID: PMC10458144 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a growing interest in the consumption of plant-based foods such as vegetables and grains for the purpose of disease prevention and treatment. Adlay seeds contain physiologically active substances, including coixol, coixenolide, and lactams. In this study, adlay sprouts were cultivated and harvested at various time points, specifically at 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 days after sowing. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using assays such as DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, reducing power, and total polyphenol contents. The toxicity of the extracts was assessed using cell culture and the WST-1 assay. The aboveground components of the sprouts demonstrated a significant increase in length, ranging from 2.75 cm to 21.87 cm, weight, ranging from 0.05 g to 0.32 g, and biomass, ranging from 161.4 g to 1319.1 g, as the number of days after sowing advanced, reaching its peak coixol content of 39.38 mg/g on the third day after sowing. Notably, the antioxidant enzyme activity was highest between the third and fifth days after sowing. Regarding anti-inflammatory activity, the inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression was most prominent in samples harvested from the ninth to eleventh days after sowing, corresponding to the later stage of growth. While the overall production mass increased with the number of days after sowing, considering factors such as yield increase index per unit area, turnover rate, and antioxidant activity, harvesting at the early growth stage, specifically between the fifth and seventh days after sowing, was found to be economically advantageous. Thus, the quality, antioxidant capacity, and anti-inflammatory activity of adlay sprouts varied depending on the harvest time, highlighting the importance of determining the appropriate harvest time based on the production objectives. This study demonstrates the changes in the growth and quality of adlay sprouts in relation to the harvest time, emphasizing the potential for developing a market for adlay sprouts as a new food product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Song Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea; (E.-S.L.)
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Il Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea; (E.-S.L.)
| | - Jeong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea; (E.-S.L.)
| | - Yong-Goo Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea; (E.-S.L.)
| | - Kyung-Sook Han
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea; (E.-S.L.)
| | - Young-Ho Yoon
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea; (E.-S.L.)
| | - Byoung-Ok Cho
- Institute of Health Science, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungtae Park
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hamin Lee
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Sung Cho
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
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Tuo D, Wu J, Zou J, Dong G, Zeng W, Li J, Du D. Analysis of Hormone Regulation on Seed Germination of Coix Based on Muli-Omics Analysis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2700. [PMID: 37514314 PMCID: PMC10385750 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is an important stage of growth and reproduction and plays an important role in the life cycle of spermatophyte. It is co-determined by both genetic and environmental factors, and plant hormone regulation may be a highly conservative mechanism. Coix lachryrma-jobi (coix) is a grain with balanced nutrition for medicine and food and has substantial production value. It is an important part of agricultural production, and the efficiency of seed germination after sowing is a key link. In this study, coix species "small white shell Xingren" was used as the experimental material, and changes in gene expression levels and metabolite enrichment in seeds were identified by transcriptome and metabonomic analysis before and after seed germination. A total of 599 metabolites, including those from amino acid metabolism, sugar metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism, were significantly increased in germinating coix. Simultaneously, 10,929 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and functional clusters of genes were also significantly clustered in hormone-signaling and glucose and fatty acid metabolism. In addition, this study found that a considerable number of hormone-signaling genes were significantly up-regulated during seed germination, activating multiple metabolic processes. The results of our conjoint analysis of multi omics showed that glucose and fatty acid metabolism played an important role in seed germination under hormone regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghao Tuo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jiawen Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Juan Zou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Guoqing Dong
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Wanyong Zeng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Dengxiang Du
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
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Wei X, Li Y, Zhou S, Guo C, Dong X, Li Q, Guo J, Wang Y, Huang L. The Differences of Nutrient Components in Edible and Feeding Coix Seed at Different Developmental Stages Based on a Combined Analysis of Metabolomics. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093759. [PMID: 37175169 PMCID: PMC10180337 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coix lachryma-jobi L. is an excellent plant resource that has a concomitant function for medicine, foodstuff and forage in China. At present, the commonly used cultivar for both medicine and foodstuff is Xiaobaike, and the cultivar for foraging is Daheishan. However, differences in the internal composition of plants lead to the expression of different phenotypic traits. In order to comprehensively elucidate the differences in nutrient composition changes in Coix seeds, a non-targeted metabolomics method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS) was used to analyze the metabolic changes in Coix seeds at different developmental stages. An edible Coix relative (Xiaobaike) and a feeding Coix relative (Daheishan) were selected as the research subjects. In the metabolome analysis of Coix seed, 314 metabolites were identified and detected, among which organic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides and flavonoids were the main components. As an important standard for evaluating the quality of Coix seed, seven lipids were detected, among which fatty acids included not only even-chain fatty acids, but also odd-chain fatty acids, which was the first time detecting a variety of odd-chain fatty acids in Coix seed. The analysis of the compound contents in edible and feeding-type Coix lachryma-jobi L. and the lipid content at the mature stage showed that, among them, arachidic acid, behenic acid, heptadecanoic acid, heneicosanoic acid and pristanic acid may be the key compounds affecting the lipid content. In addition, in the whole process of semen coicis maturation, edible and feeding Coix show similar trends, and changes in the third period show clear compounds in the opposite situation, suggesting that edible and feeding Coix not only guarantee the relative stability of species but also provide raw materials for genetic breeding. This study provides valuable information on the formation of the edible and medicinal qualities of Coix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wei
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shufeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Crop Gene Resources in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Crop Gene Resources in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaolong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Crop Gene Resources in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qishuang Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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11
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Analysis of metabolites of coix seed fermented by Monascus purpureus. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Exploring the hydration promotion and cooking quality improvement of adlay seed by high hydrostatic pressure. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Zeng Y, Yang J, Chen J, Pu X, Li X, Yang X, Yang L, Ding Y, Nong M, Zhang S, He J. Actional Mechanisms of Active Ingredients in Functional Food Adlay for Human Health. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154808. [PMID: 35956759 PMCID: PMC9369982 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal and food homologous adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) plays an important role in natural products promoting human health. We demonstrated the systematic actional mechanism of functional ingredients in adlay to promote human health, based on the PubMed, CNKI, Google, and ISI Web of Science databases from 1988 to 2022. Adlay and its extracts are rich in 30 ingredients with more than 20 health effects based on human and animal or cell cultures: they are anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-obesity, liver protective, anti-virus, gastroprotective, cardiovascular protective, anti-hypertension, heart disease preventive, melanogenesis inhibiting, anti-allergy, endocrine regulating, anti-diabetes, anti-cachexia, osteoporosis preventive, analgesic, neuroprotecting, suitable for the treatment of gout arthritis, life extending, anti-fungi, and detoxifying effects. Function components with anti-oxidants are rich in adlay. These results support the notion that adlay seeds may be one of the best functional foods and further reveal the action mechanism of six major functional ingredients (oils, polysaccharides, phenols, phytosterols, coixol, and resistant starch) for combating diseases. This review paper not only reveals the action mechanisms of adding adlay to the diet to overcome 17 human diseases, but also provides a scientific basis for the development of functional foods and drugs for the treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zeng
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China; (J.C.); (X.P.); (X.L.); (X.Y.); (L.Y.); (Y.D.)
- Correspondence: or (Y.Z.); (J.H.); Tel.: +86-871-65894145 (Y.Z.)
| | - Jiazhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650205, China;
| | - Jia Chen
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China; (J.C.); (X.P.); (X.L.); (X.Y.); (L.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Xiaoying Pu
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China; (J.C.); (X.P.); (X.L.); (X.Y.); (L.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Xia Li
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China; (J.C.); (X.P.); (X.L.); (X.Y.); (L.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Xiaomeng Yang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China; (J.C.); (X.P.); (X.L.); (X.Y.); (L.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Li’e Yang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China; (J.C.); (X.P.); (X.L.); (X.Y.); (L.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yumei Ding
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China; (J.C.); (X.P.); (X.L.); (X.Y.); (L.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Mingying Nong
- Wenshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenshan 663099, China; (M.N.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shibao Zhang
- Wenshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenshan 663099, China; (M.N.); (S.Z.)
| | - Jinbao He
- Wenshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenshan 663099, China; (M.N.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence: or (Y.Z.); (J.H.); Tel.: +86-871-65894145 (Y.Z.)
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Huda N, Li X, Jahan T, He Y, Guan C, Zhang K, Gao A, Georgiev MI, Zhou M. Acceleration of the genetic gain for nutraceutical improvement of adlay ( Coix L.) through genomic approaches: current status and future prospects. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2067175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Huda
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Southwest Guizhou Institute of Karst Regional Development, Xingyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Tanzim Jahan
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuqi He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaonan Guan
- National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Kaixuan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ainong Gao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Milen I. Georgiev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Meiliang Zhou
- National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
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