Clinical Utility of the CCAPS, CAS, and OQ-45

Development and Validation of a Monitoring Instrument for Sport Psychology Practice: The Sport Psychology Outcomes and Research Tool (SPORT)

Evidence for the mechanisms of change by which sport psychology interventions enhance performance is limited and treatment monitoring and outcomes measures would assist in establishing evidence-based practices. The present paper fills a gap in sport psychology literature by demonstrating the development and validation of a new measure (Sport Psychology Outcomes and Research Tool; SPORT). Study 1 described test construction and pilot item selection with 73 collegiate student-athletes. Twenty-three pilot items contributed unique variance while maintaining the original constructs and were selected from 80 initial items. In Study 2, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted with collegiate student-athletes (n = 220), revealing a 17-item, four-factor model measuringAthlete Wellbeing,Self-Regulation,Performance Satisfaction, andSport-Related Distress. Concurrent validity was supported through correlational analyses. Overall, results supported the SPORT as a new transtheoretical tool for monitoring effectiveness and outcomes of sport psychology interventions.

Utility of the Outcome Questionnaire-45.2 in outpatient anxiety clinics: A comparison between anxiety patients with and without co-occurring depression

OBJECTIVE

The Outcome Questionnaire-45.2 (OQ-45) is a self-report measure of general psychological distress. Although intended to be transdiagnostic, the OQ-45 may be best conceptualized as a measure of depression; as such, its utility in assessing other symptoms such as anxiety is unclear.

METHOD

We examined scores on the OQ-45 in a sample of 329 patients with anxiety and related disorders, half of whom had co-occurring depression.

RESULTS

Eighty-two percent of patients scored above the OQ-45 cutoff, whereas 18% were incorrectly screened out. Patients with co-occurring depression were more likely to score above the OQ-45 cutoff than nondepressed patients. Depression severity predicted many of the OQ-45 scales, even after controlling for anxiety severity. By contrast, most of the anxiety-specific measures failed to predict the OQ-45 after controlling for depression severity.

CONCLUSIONS

Findings suggest that the OQ-45 may not adequately capture anxiety symptoms and are discussed in terms of diagnostic screening and assessment.