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Boyne H, Hamza CA. Depressive Symptoms, Perceived Stress, Self-Compassion and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Emerging Adults: An Examination of the Between and Within-Person Associations Over Time. EMERGING ADULTHOOD (PRINT) 2022; 10:1269-1285. [PMID: 36111318 PMCID: PMC9465554 DOI: 10.1177/21676968211029768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many emerging adults report experiencing mental health challenges (e.g., depressive symptoms and perceived stress) during the transition to university. These mental health challenges often coincide with increased engagement in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI; e.g., self-cutting or burning without lethal intent), but longitudinal research exploring the nature of the associations among depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and NSSI are lacking. In the present study, it was examined whether depressive symptoms and perceived stress predicted increased risk for NSSI over time (or the reverse), and whether these effects were mediated or moderated by self-compassion. The sample consisted of 1,125 university students (Mage = 17.96 years, 74% female), who completed an online survey three times in first year university. A random intercept cross-lagged panel model revealed that higher depressive symptoms, perceived stress, NSSI, and lower self-compassion often co-occurred, but only NSSI predicted increased perceived stress over time. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Boyne
- Applied Psychology and Human Development,
Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chloe A. Hamza
- Applied Psychology and Human Development,
Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Basic psychological need frustration and adolescent non-suicidal self-injury: Testing a moderated mediation model of depression and self-compassion. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Tie B, Tang C, Zhu C, He J. Body dissatisfaction and non-suicidal self-injury among Chinese young adults: a moderated mediation analysis. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:2051-2062. [PMID: 35040078 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01340-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extensive evidence from Western societies supports the role for body dissatisfaction in the etiological models of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). However, research of the underlying mechanisms of this relationship has been limited, especially in China. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the association between body dissatisfaction and NSSI among college students in China. Possible mediating roles for psychological distress and disordered eating, as well as a moderating role for self-compassion, were also examined. METHODS College students (n = 655, Mage = 20.32 years, SD = 1.02) were recruited from Henan province, China. Each participant completed questionnaires regarding body dissatisfaction, psychological distress, disordered eating, and self-compassion. RESULTS A close to medium positive relationship between body dissatisfaction and NSSI was revealed with r = 0.24 (p < .001). The relationship was found to be fully mediated by psychological distress and disordered eating. The mediation role for disordered eating was found to be further moderated by self-compassion, suggesting that self-compassion acted as a buffer against the relationship between disordered eating and NSSI. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that body dissatisfaction, psychological distress, disordered eating, and self-compassion may play important roles in Chinese young adults' NSSI. Researchers and practitioners need to pay closer attention to the underlying mechanisms of how body dissatisfaction links to NSSI to deepen the understanding of their linkage as well as to provide appropriate interventions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijie Tie
- School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chanyuan Tang
- School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengquan Zhu
- School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jinbo He
- School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China.
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Wood EK, Kruger R, Day JP, Day SM, Hunter JN, Neville L, Lindell SG, Barr CS, Schwandt ML, Goldman D, Suomi SJ, Harris JC, Higley JD. A nonhuman primate model of human non-suicidal self-injury: serotonin-transporter genotype-mediated typologies. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1256-1262. [PMID: 33854202 PMCID: PMC9018748 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-00994-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
While non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) occurs in the general population at a surprisingly high rate, with higher rates among certain clinical populations, its etiology is not well-understood. Consequently, the DSM-5 lists NSSI as requiring further research. This study utilizes a translational model of naturally-occurring NSSI to assess the role of early parental neglect and variation in the serotonin transporter genotype (5-HTT) in the etiology of NSSI. Subjects (N = 161) were rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) reared in one of three conditions (mother-reared (MR), peer-reared (PR), or surrogate peer-reared (SPR)), and classified as NSSI (n = 18) or non-NSSI (n = 143). Subjects were genotyped for 5-HTT and their behaviors were recorded during an ecologically-meaningful, stress-evoking, intruder paradigm. Two weeks prior to testing, blood samples were obtained and assayed for plasma cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentrations. NSSI subjects were more likely to be SPR, paralleling human studies showing that individuals that exhibit NSSI tend to have experienced abuse or neglect early in life. Results also indicated that variation in the 5-HTT genotype differentiated the NSSI subjects. NSSI subjects that were homozygous for the L allele exhibited high plasma ACTH and high rates of stress-induced stereotypies; whereas NSSI subjects with the s allele exhibited impulsive behaviors, including frequently approaching the potentially dangerous intruder, high rates of aggressive vocal threats, and more activity. These results suggest that there may be different 5-HTT genotype-mediated NSSI typologies and that both early experiences and variation in the 5-HTT genotype may be important factors in understanding the etiology of NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K. Wood
- grid.253294.b0000 0004 1936 9115Psychology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT USA
| | - Ryno Kruger
- grid.253294.b0000 0004 1936 9115Psychology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT USA
| | - Jaclyn P. Day
- grid.253294.b0000 0004 1936 9115Psychology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT USA
| | - Stephen M. Day
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Jacob N. Hunter
- grid.253294.b0000 0004 1936 9115Neuroscience Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT USA
| | - Leslie Neville
- grid.253294.b0000 0004 1936 9115Neuroscience Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT USA
| | - Stephen G. Lindell
- grid.420085.b0000 0004 0481 4802Section of Comparative Behavioral Genomics, NIAAA, Rockville, MD USA ,grid.420085.b0000 0004 0481 4802Laboratory of Clinical Studies, NIAAA, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Christina S. Barr
- grid.420085.b0000 0004 0481 4802Section of Comparative Behavioral Genomics, NIAAA, Rockville, MD USA ,grid.420085.b0000 0004 0481 4802Laboratory of Clinical Studies, NIAAA, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Melanie L. Schwandt
- grid.420085.b0000 0004 0481 4802Laboratory of Clinical Studies, NIAAA, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - David Goldman
- grid.420085.b0000 0004 0481 4802Laboratory of Clinical Studies, NIAAA, Bethesda, MD USA ,grid.420085.b0000 0004 0481 4802Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIAAA, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Stephen J. Suomi
- grid.420089.70000 0000 9635 8082Section of Comparative Ethology, Eunice Shriver Kennedy NICHD, Poolesville, MD USA
| | - James C. Harris
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Developmental Neuropsychiatry Clinic, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - J. Dee Higley
- grid.253294.b0000 0004 1936 9115Psychology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT USA
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Kim H, Hur JW. What's Different About Those Who Have Ceased Self-Injury? Comparison Between Current and Lifetime Nonsuicidal Self-Injury. Arch Suicide Res 2022; 27:718-733. [PMID: 35446236 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2022.2064256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to investigate the sociodemographic and psychological variables as well as the function of NSSI related to the cessation of NSSI by analyzing the difference between those currently engaged in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and those who have stopped NSSI behaviors. METHODS A total of 490 adults with a history of NSSI (359 females) were assigned to one of two groups: NSSI engagement within the last 12 months or "current NSSI" (n = 402) vs. no episode of NSSI in the previous 12 months or "lifetime NSSI" (n = 88). RESULTS There were no significant group differences in sex or socioeconomic status, while individuals with current NSSI were slightly younger than those who had ceased NSSI behavior. Regarding the functions of NSSI, the current NSSI group endorsed more intrapersonal functions. Moreover, the participants who had ceased NSSI behavior reported significantly less perceived stress, dysfunctional attitudes, alexithymia, emotion reactivity, and suicidal ideation. On the other hand, the lifetime NSSI group showed greater psychological resources such as self-esteem, distress tolerance, and resilience. CONCLUSIONS We revealed apparent differences in NSSI functions, clinical symptoms, and psychological resources depending on the maintenance and cessation of NSSI. This study highlights the need for a better understanding of the factors that stop as well as those that continue NSSI behaviors. HIGHLIGHTSThe lifetime NSSI group reported less intrapersonal NSSI functions.The current NSSI group suffered from more clinical symptoms.Individuals who ceased NSSI had more psychological resources.
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Suh H, Jeong J. Association of Self-Compassion With Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors and Non-suicidal Self Injury: A Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol 2021; 12:633482. [PMID: 34122224 PMCID: PMC8192964 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.633482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Self-compassion functions as a psychological buffer in the face of negative life experiences. Considering that suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) are often accompanied by intense negative feelings about the self (e.g., self-loathing, self-isolation), self-compassion may have the potential to alleviate these negative attitudes and feelings toward oneself. This meta-analysis investigated the associations of self-compassion with STBs and NSSI. Methods: A literature search finalized in August 2020 identified 18 eligible studies (13 STB effect sizes and seven NSSI effect sizes), including 8,058 participants. Two studies were longitudinal studies, and the remainder were cross-sectional studies. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted using CMA 3.0. Subgroup analyses, meta-regression, and publication bias analyses were conducted to probe potential sources of heterogeneity. Results: With regard to STBs, a moderate effect size was found for self-compassion (r = -0.34, k = 13). Positively worded subscales exhibited statistically significant effect sizes: self-kindness (r = -0.21, k = 4), common humanity (r = -0.20, k = 4), and mindfulness (r = -0.15, k = 4). For NSSI, a small effect size was found for self-compassion (r = -0.29, k = 7). There was a large heterogeneity (I 2 = 80.92% for STBs, I 2 = 86.25% for NSSI), and publication bias was minimal. Subgroup analysis results showed that sample characteristic was a moderator, such that a larger effect size was witnessed in clinical patients than sexually/racially marginalized individuals, college students, and healthy-functioning community adolescents. Conclusions: Self-compassion was negatively associated with STBs and NSSI, and the effect size of self-compassion was larger for STBs than NSSI. More evidence is necessary to gauge a clinically significant protective role that self-compassion may play by soliciting results from future longitudinal studies or intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Suh
- Psychology and Child & Human Development Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jisun Jeong
- Graduate School of Education, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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How should we respond to non-suicidal self-injury disclosures?: An examination of perceived reactions to disclosure, depression, and suicide risk. Psychiatry Res 2020; 293:113430. [PMID: 32871486 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Identifying those who engage in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) rely heavily on self-disclosure. However, less than half of those who engage in NSSI disclose their self-injurious behavior often due to the fear of negative reaction. This study examined how perceived reactions to NSSI disclosure (i.e., 'negative reactions', 'tangible aid,' and 'emotional support') may be associated with suicide risk through depression. Participants were 385 undergraduate students who had a lifetime history of engaging in and disclosing at least one of their NSSI acts. Perceived reactions to NSSI disclosure were assessed through the Self-injury Social Reactions Questionnaire; suicide risk was assessed through the Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire Revised; depression was assessed through the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Path analyses were conducted to examine the indirect effects of perceived reactions to NSSI disclosure on suicide risk through depression. Exploratory analyses of independent models examining each reaction separately were conducted as well. In the full model, negative reactions and emotional support were indirectly associated with suicide risk through depression. In the independent models, all three reaction types were associated with suicide risk through depression. The current study elucidates a potential mechanism in which specific perceived reactions to NSSI disclosure may influence one's suicide risk.
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Chesin MS, Jeglic EL. Mindfulness, and Specifically Compassion, Buffers the Relationship between Hopelessness and Suicide Ideation in College Students. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE STUDENT PSYCHOTHERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87568225.2020.1753612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan S. Chesin
- Department of Psychology, William Paterson University, Wayne, New Jersey, USA
| | - Elizabeth L. Jeglic
- Department of Psychology, City University of New York-John Jay College, New York, USA
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