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A garlic oil-based organo-hydrogel for use in pH-sensitive drug release. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021; 75:5759-5772. [PMID: 34230754 PMCID: PMC8252990 DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01760-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, six different organo-hydrogels containing agar-glycerol (AG)-based garlic oil (GO) were synthesized using two different crosslinkers (N,N, methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), glutaraldehyde (GA)) to ensure the controlled release of ceftriaxone (Ce) and carboplatin (Cp). Synthesized organo-hydrogels were characterized by FT-IR. Afterward, swelling behaviors were investigated in DI, tap water, ethanol, acetone, ethanol/DI water (1:1), acetone/DI water (1:1) and gasoline environments and different pH. As a result of hemolysis, blood clotting and antioxidant analysis, organo-hydrogels have been shown to have blood compatibility and antioxidant properties. Ce and Cp release properties of the prepared organo-hydrogels were also determined. The highest Ce release rate was obtained to be 37.8% for p (AG-g-GO)3 at pH 8.0 after 7 days. However, the highest Cp release rate was found to be 95.4% for p (AG-g-GO)3 at pH 7.4 after 1 day.
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Sulaiman FA, Kazeem MO, Waheed AM, Temowo SO, Azeez IO, Zubair FI, Adeyemi TA, Nyang A, Adeyemi OS. Antimicrobial and toxic potential of aqueous extracts ofAllium sativum,Hibiscus sabdariffaandZingiber officinalein Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtusci.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faoziyat A. Sulaiman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Muinat O. Kazeem
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Ahmed M. Waheed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Simisade O. Temowo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Idris O. Azeez
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Faridat I. Zubair
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Temitope A. Adeyemi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Azido Nyang
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Oluyomi S. Adeyemi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences and Engineering, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara, Nigeria
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Wunderlich F, Al-Quraishy S, Steinbrenner H, Sies H, Dkhil MA. Towards identifying novel anti-Eimeria agents: trace elements, vitamins, and plant-based natural products. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:3547-56. [PMID: 25185667 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Eimeriosis, a widespread infectious disease of livestock, is caused by coccidian protozoans of the genus Eimeria. These obligate intracellular parasites strike the digestive tract of their hosts and give rise to enormous economic losses, particularly in poultry, ruminants including cattle, and rabbit farming. Vaccination, though a rational prophylactic measure, has not yet been as successful as initially thought. Numerous broad-spectrum anti-coccidial drugs are currently in use for treatment and prophylactic control of eimeriosis. However, increasing concerns about parasite resistance, consumer health, and environmental safety of the commercial drugs warrant efforts to search for novel agents with anti-Eimeria activity. This review summarizes current approaches to prevent and treat eimeriosis such as vaccination and commercial drugs, as well as recent attempts to use dietary antioxidants as novel anti-Eimeria agents. In particular, the trace elements selenium and zinc, the vitamins A and E, and natural products extracted from garlic, barberry, pomegranate, sweet wormwood, and other plants are discussed. Several of these novel anti-Eimeria agents exhibit a protective role against oxidative stress that occurs not only in the intestine of Eimeria-infected animals, but also in their non-parasitized tissues, in particular, in the first-pass organ liver. Currently, it appears to be promising to identify safe combinations of low-cost natural products with high anti-Eimeria efficacy for a potential use as feed supplementation in animal farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Wunderlich
- Department of Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Seddiek SA, El-Shorbagy MM, Khater HF, Ali AM. The antitrichomonal efficacy of garlic and metronidazole against Trichomonas gallinae infecting domestic pigeons. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:1319-29. [PMID: 24488107 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-3771-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Trichomonas gallinae is the causative agent of canker in pigeon. This work was carried out to investigate in the vitro and in vivo efficacy of aqueous water extract of garlic (AGE) on the growth of T. gallinae infecting pigeons compared to those of metronidazole (MTZ). MTZ and AGE were added, at different concentrations, to glucose-serum broth medium containing 1 × 10(4) trophozoites/ml. In the in vivo experiment, 48 squabs were grouped into four groups. The first group (gr. I) was not infected and not treated. Each squab of the other group was infected with 1 × 10(4) trophozoites. The second group (gr. II) was infected and not treated. On day 0, the third group (gr. III) was treated with MTZ (50 mg/kg BW) and the fourth group (gr. IV) was treated with AGE (200 mg/kg BW) for seven successive days in drinking water. In vitro study revealed that the MLC, 24, 48, and 72 h post treatment were 50, 25, and 12.5 μg/ml, respectively, for MTZ and 75, 50, and 50 mg/ml, respectively, for AGE. Garlic (200 mg/kg BW) had the highest antitrichomonal effect and shortened course of treatment of pigeons from 7 days in gr. III to 5 days. Squabs in gr. II suffered from macrocytic hypochromic anemia, whereas squabs in grs. III and IV showed normal blood pictures. Serum total protein, albumin, and globulin were increased, whereas AST, ALT, and the total cholesterol were decreased in grs. III and IV when compared to those of gr. II. Pigeons protected with AGE showed increased body weight and reduced mortality percentage than the other groups. Our results indicated that garlic may be a promising phytotherapeutic agent for protection against trichomoniasis in pigeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sh A Seddiek
- Avian Diseases Department, Animal Health Research Institute Benha Branch, Benha, 13111, Egypt
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Zeng T, Zhang CL, Zhao XL, Xie KQ. The Roles of Garlic on the Lipid Parameters: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 53:215-30. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2010.523148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Differential miRNA expression in the mouse jejunum during garlic treatment of Eimeria papillata infections. Parasitol Res 2011; 109:387-94. [PMID: 21301871 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates a critical role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the outcome of diseases. Here, we investigate the effect of garlic on the intestinal miRNA signature of male Balb/c mice during infections with Eimeria papillata. Garlic decreases the intracellular development as evidenced by a lowered fecal output of E. papillata oocysts from 3,150 ± 410 to approximately 1,750 ± 390 oocysts per gram feces on day 4 postinoculation. This anti-coccidial activity of garlic is associated with an inhibition of the E. papillata-induced increases of interferon gamma, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitrite/nitrate, and malondialdehyde and decrease in glutathione. Moreover, garlic downregulates the E. papillata-induced increases in the expression of the miRNAs miR-1959, miR-203, and miR-21, and it upregulates the expression of the 11 miRNA species miR-142-5P, miR-15A, miR-10A, miR-29B, miR-1902, miR-125A-5P, let-7E, miR-148A, miR-130A, miR-10B, and miR-93, respectively, as revealed by miRXplore microarray technology. Real-time PCR confirms these effects of garlic in the jejunum of E. papillata-infected mice. Our data indicate that the anti-coccidial activity of garlic is associated with specific changes in the miRNA signature of the mouse jejunum, the target site of E. papillata. These changes may reflect an involvement of miRNAs in garlic-activated pathways to reduce and/or to repair E. papillata-induced tissue injuries.
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GU B, YOU J, LI YP, YUAN QL. Supplementation of Enteric-coated Ginger and Garlic Essence Tablet Improved Blood Lipid Profile in Rats Fed High-fat Diet and Hyperlipidemic Subjects. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.17.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Dkhil M, Abdel-Baki A, Wunderlich F, Sies H, Al-Quraishy S. Anticoccidial and antiinflammatory activity of garlic in murine Eimeria papillata infections. Vet Parasitol 2011; 175:66-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Daneshmandi S, Hajimoradi M, Ahmadabad HN, Hassan ZM, Roudbary M, Ghazanfari T. Effect of 14-kDa and 47-kDa protein molecules of age garlic extract on peritoneal macrophages. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2010; 33:21-7. [DOI: 10.3109/08923971003690041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Unsal A, Eroglu M, Avci A, Cimentepe E, Guven C, Derya Balbay M, Durak I. Protective role of natural antioxidant supplementation on testicular tissue after testicular torsion and detorsion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 40:17-22. [PMID: 16452050 DOI: 10.1080/00365590500407514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the impact of garlic extract (GE), which is known for its antioxidant activity, on a testicular torsion/detorsion model in animals and to help understand how to prevent both ischemic and reperfusion injuries after testicular torsion and detorsion. MATERIAL AND METHODS Six groups of rats (n=7 in each group) were used. The animals in the control group (Group I) did not receive any treatment. The animals in the sham group (Group II) underwent scrotal incision and testicular fixation only. The animals in Groups III-VI underwent 720 degrees of left testicular torsion for 2 h; subsequent detorsion was performed for 2h in Groups IV and VI only. Animals in Groups V and VI were treated exactly the same as those in Groups III and IV, respectively except that they were pretreated with oral GE for 5 days at a dosage of 5 ml/kg. Both testicles in all rats were removed and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and enzymatic activities of xanthine oxidase (XO) were studied, in addition to a histological evaluation after hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS Testicular MDA levels and XO activities were higher in Group III compared to Group II (p<0.05). Pretreatment with GE prevented these increases. Detorsion caused more damage and resulted in a further increase in MDA levels but MDA levels were not increased in animals pretreated with GE. Histologically, torsion caused some separation between germinative cells in the seminiferous tubules, which became much more prominent in Group IV and was attenuated by GE pretreatment. There were no significant changes in any of the above-mentioned enzymatic activities or histopathologic changes in the contralateral testicle in any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS We believe that both testicular torsion and detorsion result in testicular tissue damage by means of lipid peroxidation, which is evident by an increase in the tissue levels of MDA. Dietary supplementation with GE seems to attenuate the generation of toxic free radicals, as evidenced indirectly by low tissue MDA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Unsal
- Department of Urology, Fatih University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Ghazanfari T, Hassan ZM, Khamesipour A. Enhancement of peritoneal macrophage phagocytic activity against Leishmania major by garlic (Allium sativum) treatment. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 103:333-7. [PMID: 16213117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2004] [Revised: 06/15/2005] [Accepted: 08/11/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that garlic (Allium sativum) extract modulates immune responses. Macrophage activation is required to establish control of the intracellular infection and progressive disease of leishmaniasis. In this study, we consider the effect of a garlic extract and a fraction isolated from it on the engulfment and destruction of Leishmania major by resident peritoneal macrophages of Balb/c mice. In regard to this study, the infiltration of macrophages in the peritoneal cavity after garlic treatment and the rate of amastigotes per macrophage were determined. The results show that a single dose of 20 mg/kg garlic extract intraperitoneally (i.p.) alters the number of peritoneal macrophages for at least 2 weeks. Intraperitoneal injection of garlic extract (20 mg/kg) or its protein fraction (0.04 mg/kg) augments parasite engulfment and destruction of intracellular amastigotes by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tooba Ghazanfari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
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