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Patyra E, Kwiatek K. Comparison of HPLC–DAD and LC–MS Techniques for the Determination of Tetracyclines in Medicated Feeds Using One Extraction Protocol. Chromatographia 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-021-04058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFour antibiotics, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, doxycycline, and chlortetracycline were separated and quantified in medicated feed. Tetracyclines from feed samples were extracted with 0.01 M citric buffer and acetonitrile (pH 3.0) and further purified with 0.45 µm syringe filters. The purified extract was separated on commercial RP-C18 column and analyzing using liquid chromatograph (LC) with two different detectors: diode array detector (DAD) and mass spectrometry (MS). These methods provided average recoveries from 72.2 to 101.8% for high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection and from 45.6 to 87.0% for liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. The limit of detection in medicated feed ranged from 4.2 to 10.7 mg kg−1 for HPLC–DAD and 5.6 to 10.8 mg kg−1 for LC–MS. Our experiment showed that using the same extraction mixture we do not obtain the same recovery values for the analyzed compounds using two different detection techniques such as DAD and MS.
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Patyra E, Kwiatek K. Analytical capabilities of micellar liquid chromatography and application to residue and contaminant analysis: A review. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:2206-2220. [PMID: 33811781 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Green chemistry is the use of chemistry to reduce or eliminate the use of generation of feedstocks, products, by-products, solvents, reagents, etc. that are hazardous to human health or the environment. One of the branches of green chemistry is micellar liquid chromatography. Micellar liquid chromatography is a reversed-phase liquid chromatographic mode with mobile phases containing a surfactant above its critical micellar concentration. The applications of micellar liquid chromatography for the determination of numerous compounds in pharmaceutical formulation, biological samples, food, environmental samples, and feeds have been growing rapidly. Micellar liquid chromatography technique has several advantages over other chromatographic techniques. Its main advantage is the small amount of organic modifiers used such as acetonitrile and methanol and the safety and recyclability of the mobile phase. In our work, we discuss the development of "green chemistry" and present what micellar liquid chromatography is. This article presents application methods with the use of micellar liquid chromatography for analysis on antibacterial substances, melamine, biogenic amines, plant protection products, flavonoids, as well as peptides in biological matrices such as milk, eggs, tissues, honey, and feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Patyra
- Department of Hygiene of Animal Feedingstuffs, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kwiatek
- Department of Hygiene of Animal Feedingstuffs, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
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Patyra E, Kwiatek K. Development and validation of multi-residue analysis for tetracycline antibiotics in feed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 34:1553-1561. [PMID: 28795656 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1364430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A new multi-residue method for the analysis of the tetracycline antibiotics oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, and doxycycline was developed and validated for animal feed. After extraction with 0.1M Na2EDTA-McIlvaine buffer (pH 4), the samples were centrifuged, purified by SPE (Strata-X-CW cartridges) and analysed by HPLC-MS. Validation of the method was performed according to the guidelines indicated in European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The procedure was validated by spiking feed samples at three different levels (300, 1000, and 5000 µg/kg). Average recoveries for tetracyclines were in the range 79.70-98.8%, with RSD for repeatability and reproducibility in the ranges of 5.0-9.5% and 6.5-11.0%, respectively. The method was successfully validated and proved to be efficient, precise, and useful for quantification of tetracyclines in animal feed. The validated method was successfully applied to 65 suspect feed samples collected from different regions of Poland in 2015-16 and obtained from farms and feed manufactures. Of these 65 purportedly non-medicated feeds, eight (12.3%) were positive for the presence of doxycycline or chlortetracycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Patyra
- a Department of Hygiene of Animal Feedingstuff , National Veterinary Research Institute , Pulawy , Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kwiatek
- a Department of Hygiene of Animal Feedingstuff , National Veterinary Research Institute , Pulawy , Poland
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Granados-Chinchilla F, Rodríguez C. Tetracyclines in Food and Feedingstuffs: From Regulation to Analytical Methods, Bacterial Resistance, and Environmental and Health Implications. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2017; 2017:1315497. [PMID: 28168081 PMCID: PMC5266830 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1315497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are widely used as growth promoters in animal husbandry; among them, the tetracyclines are a chemical group of relevance, due to their wide use in agriculture, surpassing in quantities applied almost every other antibiotic family. Seeing the considerable amounts of tetracyclines used worldwide, monitoring of these antibiotics is paramount. Advances must be made in the analysis of antibiotics to assess correct usage and dosage of tetracyclines in food and feedstuffs and possible residues in pertinent environmental samples. The tetracyclines are still considered a clinically relevant group of antibiotics, though dissemination of tolerance and resistance determinants have limited their use. This review focuses on four different aspects: (i) tetracyclines, usage, dosages, and regulatory issues that govern their food-related application, with particular attention to the prohibitions and restrictions that several countries have enforced in recent years by agencies from both the United States and the European Union, (ii) analytical methods for tetracyclines, determination, and residues thereof in feedstuffs and related matrices with an emphasis on the most relevant and novel techniques, including both screening and confirmatory methods, (iii) tetracycline resistance and tetracycline-resistant bacteria in feedstuff, and (iv) environmental and health risks accompanying the use of tetracyclines in animal nutrition. In the last two cases, we discuss the more relevant undesirable effects that tetracyclines exert over bacterial communities and nontarget species including unwanted effects in farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - César Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET) and Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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Sun J, Gan T, Meng W, Shi Z, Zhang Z, Liu Y. Determination of Oxytetracycline in Food Using a Disposable Montmorillonite and Acetylene Black Modified Microelectrode. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.930874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Evaggelopoulou EN, Samanidou VF, Michaelidis B, Papadoyannis I. DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN LC-DAD METHOD FOR THE ROUTINE ANALYSIS OF RESIDUAL QUINOLONES IN FISH EDIBLE TISSUE AND FISH FEED. APPLICATION TO FARMED GILTHEAD SEA BREAM FOLLOWING DIETARY ADMINISTRATION. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.825868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evaggelia N. Evaggelopoulou
- a Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Victoria F. Samanidou
- a Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Basile Michaelidis
- b Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, School of Biology , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Ioannis Papadoyannis
- a Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
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Patyra E, Kowalczyk E, Kwiatek K. Development and validation method for the determination of selected tetracyclines in animal medicated feedingstuffs with the use of micellar liquid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:6799-806. [PMID: 23820952 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A chromatographic procedure for the determination of oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TC), chlorotetracycline (CTC), and doxycycline (DC) in medicated feedingstuffs was developed. Samples were extracted with 0.01 M citric buffer/acetonitrile (pH 3.0) and further purified with 0.45 μm syringe filters. The purified extract was separated on Thermo column C18, 150 × 4 mm, 5 μm and detection was carried out at 360 nm for OTC, and TC, 370 nm for CTC, and 350 nm for DC. TCs were eluted with a mobile phase of 0.03 M SDS/7% 1-butanol/0.02 M oxalic acid/NaOH at pH 2.5. This method provided average recoveries of 80.4% to 100.2%, with CVs of 0.5% to 6.6% in the range of 50 to 1500 mg/kg OTC, TC, CTC, and DC in feeds. The linearity for the four TCs was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) in the range 10-300 μg/mL (50-1500 mg/kg), with a linear correlation coefficient (R) > 0.99. The LOD and LOQ for TCs in pig and poultry feeds ranged from 4.0 to 10.7 and 4.7 to 12.6 mg/kg, respectively. The methodology was applied to the analysis of animal feedingstuffs collected from poultry and pig farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Patyra
- Department of Hygiene of Animal Feedingstuffs of National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland.
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Ruiz-Ángel MJ, Carda-Broch S, García-Álvarez-Coque MC. Chromatographic Efficiency in Micellar Liquid Chromatography: Should it Be Still a Topic of Concern? SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2011.653033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Multiresidue determination of antibiotics in feed and fish samples for food safety evaluation. Comparison of immunoassay vs LC-MS-MS. Food Control 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Toral MI, Orellana SL, Soto CA, Richter P. Extraction and Determination of Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride and Oxolinic Acid in Fish Feed by Derivative Spectrophotometry of First Order. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-011-9195-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tong J, Rao Q, Zhu K, Jiang Z, Ding S. Simultaneous determination of five tetracycline and macrolide antibiotics in feeds using HPCE. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:4254-60. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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García-Campaña AM, Gámiz-Gracia L, Lara FJ, del Olmo Iruela M, Cruces-Blanco C. Applications of capillary electrophoresis to the determination of antibiotics in food and environmental samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 395:967-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2867-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ruiz-Angel MJ, Carda-Broch S, Torres-Lapasió JR, García-Alvarez-Coque MC. Retention mechanisms in micellar liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1216:1798-814. [PMID: 18838142 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Revised: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) is a reversed-phase liquid chromatographic (RPLC) mode with mobile phases containing a surfactant (ionic or non-ionic) above its critical micellar concentration (CMC). In these conditions, the stationary phase is modified with an approximately constant amount of surfactant monomers, and the solubilising capability of the mobile phase is altered by the presence of micelles, giving rise to diverse interactions (hydrophobic, ionic and steric) with major implications in retention and selectivity. From its beginnings in 1980, the technique has evolved up to becoming a real alternative in some instances (and a complement in others) to classical RPLC with hydro-organic mixtures, owing to its peculiar features and unique advantages. This review is aimed to describe the retention mechanisms (i.e. solute interactions with both stationary and mobile phases) in an MLC system, revealed in diverse reports where the retention behaviour of solutes of different nature (ionic or neutral exhibiting a wide range of polarities) has been studied in a variety of conditions (with ionic and non-ionic surfactants, added salt and organic solvent, and varying pH). The theory is supported by several mechanistic models that describe satisfactorily the retention behaviour, and allow the measurement of the strength of solute-stationary phase and solute-micelle interactions. Suppression of silanol activity, steric effects in the packing pores, anti-binding behaviour, retention of ionisable compounds, compensating effect on polarity differences among solutes, and the contribution of the solvation parameter model to elucidate the interactions in MLC, are commented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Ruiz-Angel
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, c/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Kowalski P. Capillary electrophoretic method for the simultaneous determination of tetracycline residues in fish samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 47:487-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Revised: 01/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chapter 2.2 Analysis of antibiotics in solid samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(07)50003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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17
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Kim SC, Carlson K. LC–MS2 for quantifying trace amounts of pharmaceutical compounds in soil and sediment matrices. Trends Analyt Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2005.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Martín L, Olives AI, del Castillo B, Martín MA. Fluorescence quenching ofβ-carboline alkaloids in micellar media. A study to select the adequate surfactant to use in analytical techniques. LUMINESCENCE 2005; 20:152-61. [PMID: 15924317 DOI: 10.1002/bio.812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The study of fluorescence quenching of the fluorophores allows the localization of the alkaloids (harmane and harmine) in the micelles (SDS, CTAB, Brij-35) to be established. In aqueous micellar solutions (SDS and Brij-35) at pH 13.0, emission corresponding to the neutral or zwitterionic forms can be observed. In the presence of CTAB (pH = 13.0) it was possible to observe the emission of anionic form. These species are not present in buffered aqueous solutions at these pH values. Bromide ion was added to the different surfactant solutions and the quenching effect was studied according to the Stern-Volmer equation. In the presence of SDS the quenching effect is considerably reduced compared to the aqueous solutions without surfactants, while for Brij-35 micelles were similar to those observed in homogeneous aqueous solution. For CTAB micelles a notable fluorescence quenching was observed for the different pH values studied. The fluorescence quenching studies show that the neutral species are associated inside the micelles, instead of the ionic species (cationic, zwitterionic or anionic) remaining on the surface of the micelles. The anionic surface of SDS micelles prevents the quenching effect by anionic quenchers for both neutral and charged species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martín
- Laboratorio de Técnicas Instrumentales, S. D. Química Analítica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain
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