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Imamura A, Matsuzawa N, Sakai S, Udagawa T, Nakashima S, Ando H, Ishida H, Kiso M. The Origin of High Stereoselectivity in Di-tert-butylsilylene-Directed α-Galactosylation. J Org Chem 2016; 81:9086-9104. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Imamura
- Department
of Applied Bio-organic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Naomi Matsuzawa
- Department
of Applied Bio-organic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shizuo Sakai
- Department
of Applied Bio-organic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Taro Udagawa
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shinya Nakashima
- Department
of Applied Bio-organic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiromune Ando
- Department
of Applied Bio-organic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Institute
for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida
Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hideharu Ishida
- Department
of Applied Bio-organic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Makoto Kiso
- Department
of Applied Bio-organic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Institute
for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida
Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Abstract
Carbohydrates are the most abundant natural products. Besides their role in metabolism and as structural building blocks, they are fundamental constituents of every cell surface, where they are involved in vital cellular recognition processes. Carbohydrates are a relatively untapped source of new drugs and therefore offer exciting new therapeutic opportunities. Advances in the functional understanding of carbohydrate-protein interactions have enabled the development of a new class of small-molecule drugs, known as glycomimetics. These compounds mimic the bioactive function of carbohydrates and address the drawbacks of carbohydrate leads, namely their low activity and insufficient drug-like properties. Here, we examine examples of approved carbohydrate-derived drugs, discuss the potential of carbohydrate-binding proteins as new drug targets (focusing on the lectin families) and consider ways to overcome the challenges of developing this unique class of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beat Ernst
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, Basel, Switzerland.
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Schwardt O, Gäthje H, Vedani A, Mesch S, Gao GP, Spreafico M, von Orelli J, Kelm S, Ernst B. Examination of the Biological Role of the α(2→6)-Linked Sialic Acid in Gangliosides Binding to the Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein (MAG). J Med Chem 2009; 52:989-1004. [DOI: 10.1021/jm801058n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Schwardt
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland, Institute for Physiological Biochemistry, University Bremen, D-28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Heiko Gäthje
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland, Institute for Physiological Biochemistry, University Bremen, D-28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Angelo Vedani
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland, Institute for Physiological Biochemistry, University Bremen, D-28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Mesch
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland, Institute for Physiological Biochemistry, University Bremen, D-28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Gan-Pan Gao
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland, Institute for Physiological Biochemistry, University Bremen, D-28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Morena Spreafico
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland, Institute for Physiological Biochemistry, University Bremen, D-28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Johannes von Orelli
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland, Institute for Physiological Biochemistry, University Bremen, D-28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Sørge Kelm
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland, Institute for Physiological Biochemistry, University Bremen, D-28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Beat Ernst
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland, Institute for Physiological Biochemistry, University Bremen, D-28334 Bremen, Germany
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5
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Gao G, Smiesko M, Schwardt O, Gäthje H, Kelm S, Vedani A, Ernst B. Mimetics of the tri- and tetrasaccharide epitope of GQ1bα as myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:7459-69. [PMID: 17870542 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2007] [Accepted: 07/06/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of phenoxyphenyl, phenoxybenzyl, biphenyl, and phenyltriazole substituted sialic acid derivatives as mimics of the tri- and tetrasaccharide epitopes of GQ1balpha is described. These synthetically easily available sialosides show comparable or even enhanced affinity to MAG compared with the natural tri- and tetrasaccharide epitopes and form a new class of potential MAG antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganpan Gao
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Shelke SV, Gao GP, Mesch S, Gäthje H, Kelm S, Schwardt O, Ernst B. Synthesis of sialic acid derivatives as ligands for the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG). Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:4951-65. [PMID: 17507233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2006] [Revised: 04/11/2007] [Accepted: 04/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The trisaccharide substructure 13 of the ganglioside GQ1balpha shows a remarkable affinity for the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG). In the search for structurally simplified and pharmacokinetically improved mimics of 13, sialosides with modifications at the reducing and non-reducing end were synthesized. The biological evaluation of mimics 12a-o was performed in a competitive target-based assay. It was found that the relative inhibitory potency (rIP) of antagonist 12h was enhanced by more than 1000-fold in comparison to the reference trisaccharide 13, despite the former having a much simpler structure. In addition, the sialic acid derivatives, for example, 12h, have clearly improved pharmacokinetic properties due to the presence of aromatic moieties, a lower molecular weight, and a reduced number of polar hydroxy functions compared to the reference compound 13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin V Shelke
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Schnaar RL, Fromholt SE, Gong Y, Vyas AA, Laroy W, Wayman DM, Heffer-Lauc M, Ito H, Ishida H, Kiso M, Griffin JW, Shiekh KA. Immunoglobulin G-class mouse monoclonal antibodies to major brain gangliosides. Anal Biochem 2002; 302:276-84. [PMID: 11878808 DOI: 10.1006/abio.2001.5540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mice genetically engineered to lack complex gangliosides are improved hosts for raising antibodies against those gangliosides. We report the generation and characterization of nine immunoglobulin G (IgG)-class monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) raised against the four major brain gangliosides in mammals. These include (designated as ganglioside specificity-IgG subclass) two anti-GM1 mAbs (GM1-1, GM1-2b), three anti-GD1a mAbs (GD1a-1, GD1a-2a, GD1a-2b), one anti-GD1b mAb (GD1b-1), and three anti-GT1b mAbs (GT1b-1, GT1b-2a, GT1b-2b). Each mAb demonstrated high specificity, with little or no cross-reactivity with other major brain gangliosides. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) screening against 14 closely related synthetic and purified gangliosides confirmed the high specificity, with no significant cross-reactivity except that of the anti-GD1a mAbs for the closely related minor ganglioside GT1a alpha. All of the mAbs were useful for ELISA, TLC immunooverlay, and immunocytochemistry. Neural cells from wild-type rats and mice were immunostained to differing levels with the anti-ganglioside antibodies, whereas neural cells from mice engineered to lack complex gangliosides (lacking the ganglioside-specific biosynthetic enzyme UDP-GalNAc:GM3/GD3 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase) remained unstained, demonstrating that most of the mAbs react only with gangliosides and not with related structures on glycoproteins. These mAbs may provide useful tools for delineation of the expression and function of the major brain gangliosides and for probing the pathology of anti-ganglioside autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald L Schnaar
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2185, USA.
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