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Varga I, Goldschmidt Gőz V, Pintér I, Csámpai A, Perczel A. Acetyl group for proper protection of β-sugar-amino acids used in SPPS. Amino Acids 2023; 55:969-979. [PMID: 37340192 PMCID: PMC10514111 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of D-glucosamine-1-carboxylic acid based β-sugar amino acids (β-SAAs) is typically performed in nine consecutive steps via an inefficient OAc → Br → CN conversion protocol with low overall yield. Here, we present the improved and more efficient synthesis of both Fmoc-GlcAPC-OH and Fmoc-GlcAPC(Ac)-OH, β-SAAs consisting of only 4-5 synthetic steps. Their active ester and amide bond formation with glycine methyl ester (H-Gly-OMe) was completed and monitored by 1H NMR. The stability of the pyranoid OHs protecting the acetyl groups was investigated under three different Fmoc cleavage conditions and was found to be satisfactory even at high piperidine concentration (e.g. 40%). We designed a SPPS protocol using Fmoc-GlcAPC(Ac)-OH to produce model peptides Gly-β-SAA-Gly as well as Gly-β-SAA-β-SAA-Gly with high coupling efficiency. The products were deacetylated using the Zemplén method, which allows the hydrophilicity of a building block and/or chimera to be fine-tuned, even after the polypeptide chain has already been synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Varga
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. Stny. 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- György Hevesy Doctoral School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - István Pintér
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. Stny. 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Antal Csámpai
- Organic Chemistry Department, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. Stny. 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - András Perczel
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. Stny. 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
- ELKH-ELTE Protein Modeling Research Group, Pázmány P. Stny. 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
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2
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Goldschmidt Gőz V, Duong KHY, Horváth D, Ferentzi K, Farkas V, Perczel A. Application of Sugar Amino Acids: Flow Chemistry Used for α/β‐Chimera Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Goldschmidt Gőz
- MTA-ELTE Protein Modeling Research Group Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH) ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány P. stny. 1/A 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Kim Hoang Yen Duong
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology Institute of Chemistry ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány P. stny. 1/A 1117 Budapest Hungary
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry Institute of Chemistry ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány P. stny. 1/A 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Dániel Horváth
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology Institute of Chemistry ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány P. stny. 1/A 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Kristóf Ferentzi
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology Institute of Chemistry ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány P. stny. 1/A 1117 Budapest Hungary
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry Institute of Chemistry ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány P. stny. 1/A 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Viktor Farkas
- MTA-ELTE Protein Modeling Research Group Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH) ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány P. stny. 1/A 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - András Perczel
- MTA-ELTE Protein Modeling Research Group Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH) ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány P. stny. 1/A 1117 Budapest Hungary
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology Institute of Chemistry ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány P. stny. 1/A 1117 Budapest Hungary
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Tian GZ, Hu J, Zhang HX, Rademacher C, Zou XP, Zheng HN, Xu F, Wang XL, Linker T, Yin J. Synthesis and conformational analysis of linear homo- and heterooligomers from novel 2-C-branched sugar amino acids (SAAs). Sci Rep 2018; 8:6625. [PMID: 29700416 PMCID: PMC5919921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24927-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar amino acids (SAAs), as biologically interesting structures bearing both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups represent an important class of multifunctional building blocks. In this study, we develop an easy access to novel SAAs in only three steps starting from nitro compounds in high yields in analytically pure form, easily available by ceric (IV) mediated radical additions. Such novel SAAs have been applied in the assembly of total nine carbopeptoids with the form of linear homo- and heterooligomers for the structural investigations employing circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, which suggest that the carbopeptoids emerge a well-extended, left (or right)-handed conformation similar to polyproline II (PPII) helices. NMR studies also clearly demonstrated the presence of ordered secondary structural elements. 2D-ROESY spectra were acquired to identify i+1 NH ↔ i C 1 H, i C 2 H correlations which support the conformational analysis of tetramers by CD spectroscopy. These findings provide interesting information of SAAs and their oligomers as potential scaffolds for discovering new drugs and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P.R. China
| | - Jing Hu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P.R. China.
| | - Heng-Xi Zhang
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Xiao-Peng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Ning Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P.R. China
| | - Fei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P.R. China
| | - Torsten Linker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Jian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P.R. China.
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4
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Tian GZ, Wang XL, Hu J, Wang XB, Guo XQ, Yin J. Recent progress of sugar amino acids: Synthetic strategies and applications as glycomimetics and peptidomimetics. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2015.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Xie J, Bogliotti N. Synthesis and applications of carbohydrate-derived macrocyclic compounds. Chem Rev 2014; 114:7678-739. [PMID: 25007213 DOI: 10.1021/cr400035j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xie
- PPSM, Institut d'Alembert, ENS Cachan, CNRS, UMR 8531 , 61 av. Président Wilson, F-94235 Cachan Cedex, France
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A compendium of cyclic sugar amino acids and their carbocyclic and heterocyclic nitrogen analogues. Amino Acids 2013; 45:613-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Franconetti A, Jatunov S, Borrachero P, Gómez-Guillén M, Cabrera-Escribano F. Synthesis of cyclically constrained sugar derived α/β- and α/γ-peptides. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:676-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26992a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Dane EL, Grinstaff MW. Poly-amido-saccharides: synthesis via anionic polymerization of a β-lactam sugar monomer. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:16255-64. [PMID: 22937875 PMCID: PMC3684047 DOI: 10.1021/ja305900r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Enantiopure poly-amido-saccharides (PASs) with a defined molecular weight and narrow dispersity are synthesized using an anionic ring-opening polymerization of a β-lactam sugar monomer. The PASs have a previously unreported main chain structure that is composed of pyranose rings linked through the 1- and 2-positions by an amide with α-stereochemistry. The monomer is synthesized in one-step from benzyl-protected D-glucal and polymerized using mild reaction conditions to give degrees of polymerization ranging from 25 to >120 in high yield. Computational modeling reveals how the monomer's structure and steric bulk affect the thermodynamics and kinetics of polymerization. Protected and deprotected polymers and model compounds are characterized using a variety of methods (NMR, GPC, IR, DLS, etc.). On the basis of circular dichroism, the deprotected polymer possesses a regular secondary structure in aqueous solution, which agrees favorably with the prediction of a helical structure using molecular modeling. Furthermore, we provide evidence suggesting that the polymers bind the lectin concanavalin A at the same site as natural carbohydrates, showing the potential of these polymers to mimic natural polysaccharides. PASs offer the advantages associated with synthetic polymers, such as greater control over structure and derivitization. At the same time, they preserve many of the structural features of natural polysaccharides, such as a stereochemically regular, rigid pyranose backbone, that make natural carbohydrate polymers important materials both for their unique properties and useful applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L. Dane
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA
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9
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Gong Y, Sun H, Xie J. Synthesis of Oligosaccharide Mimetics with Glycoaminoxy Acids. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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10
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Ducatel H, Van Nhien AN, Postel D. Novel glycine like amino acids from glyco-α-aminonitriles as building blocks for peptide synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2007.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Lastdrager B, Timmer MSM, van der Marel GA, Overkleeft HS, Overhand M. Transformation of Glucose into a Novel Carbasugar Amino Acid Dipeptide Isostere. J Carbohydr Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/07328300701252623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bas Lastdrager
- a Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University , Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mattie S. M. Timmer
- a Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University , Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Mark Overhand
- a Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University , Leiden, The Netherlands
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12
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Bughin C, Masson G, Zhu J. Rapid Synthesis of Cyclodepsipeptides Containing a Sugar Amino Acid or a Sugar Amino Alcohol by a Sequence of a Multicomponent Reaction and Acid-Mediated Macrocyclization. J Org Chem 2007; 72:1826-9. [PMID: 17253752 DOI: 10.1021/jo0621874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodepsipeptides incorporating a sugar amino acid (alcohol) have been synthesized. A three-component reaction of a sugar amino acid (SAA) derivative, an aldehyde, and a dipeptide isonitrile in refluxing methanol afforded the corresponding 5-aminooxazole which, after saponification, underwent a trifluoroacetic acid promoted macrocyclization to furnish the cyclic sugar amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Bughin
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
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13
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Grotenbreg GM, Buizert AEM, Llamas-Saiz AL, Spalburg E, van Hooft PAV, de Neeling AJ, Noort D, van Raaij MJ, van der Marel GA, Overkleeft HS, Overhand M. β-Turn Modified Gramicidin S Analogues Containing Arylated Sugar Amino Acids Display Antimicrobial and Hemolytic Activity Comparable to the Natural Product. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:7559-65. [PMID: 16756311 DOI: 10.1021/ja0588510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the design and synthesis of gramicidin S (GS) analogues 10a-c containing arylated sugar amino acids (SAAs) as a replacement of one of the two (D)Phe-Pro beta-turn regions. The cyclic, amphiphilic peptides adopt a beta-sheet conformation featuring an unusual reverse turn induced by the SAAs. The altered turn region induces a slight distortion of the antiparallel beta-sheet, as compared to GS; the overall geometry however closely resembles that of the nonarylated GS analogue 1. GS analogues 10a-c proved to be as active as the parent GS itself as antibacterial agents and are equally efficient in lysing red blood cells. These properties are in sharp contrast to the diminished biological activity displayed by 1. We conclude that the presence of aromaticity in the turn regions of GS derivatives is required for biological activity, whereas the native conformation of the beta-hairpin is not. Our findings may guide future research toward efficient and nonhemolytic GS analogues for combating bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijsbert M Grotenbreg
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Katajisto J, Lönnberg H. Solid-Phase Synthesis of CyclicC-Glycoside/Amino Acid Hybrids by Carbamate Coupling Chemistry and On-Support Cyclization. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Czifrák K, Szilágyi P, Somsák L. Anomeric α-azido acid (2-azido-2-deoxy-hept-2-ulopyranosonic acid) derivatives en route to peptides incorporating sugar amino acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Grotenbreg GM, Timmer MSM, Llamas-Saiz AL, Verdoes M, van der Marel GA, van Raaij MJ, Overkleeft HS, Overhand M. An unusual reverse turn structure adopted by a furanoid sugar amino acid incorporated in gramicidin S. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:3444-6. [PMID: 15025470 DOI: 10.1021/ja0397254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new reverse turn, replacing one of the native type II' beta-turns in the cyclic peptide antibiotic gramicidin S, induced by a furanoid sugar amino acid is revealed. The C3-hydroxyl function plays a pivotal role by acting as a H-bond acceptor, consequently flipping the amide bond between residues i and i + 1, as was established by NMR and X-ray crystallographic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijsbert M Grotenbreg
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Gregar TQ, Gervay-Hague J. Synthesis of oligomers derived from amide-linked neuraminic acid analogues. J Org Chem 2004; 69:1001-9. [PMID: 14961647 DOI: 10.1021/jo035312+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
N-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl-protected sugar amino acids derived from alpha-O-methoxy- and 2,3-dehydroneuraminic acids have been prepared. Incorporation of these monomer units into solid-phase synthesis led to the efficient synthesis of two series of oligomers varying from one to eight units in length. The (1-->5)-linked amides of 2,3-dehydroneuraminic acid were further subjected to hydrogenation giving a third series of oligomers with a beta-hydrido substituent at the anomeric carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Q Gregar
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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18
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Synthesis of pyranoid δ-sugar amino acids and their oligomers from per-benzylated β- C -vinyl glucoside. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Abstract
The synthesis of 10 N-(fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl)glycopyranosylamine uronic acids that are amenable to solid-phase synthesis is described. The general synthetic strategy involves initial incorporation of the protected amine, followed by selective TEMPO oxidation of C-6 hydroxyl groups to give the corresponding Fmoc-protected sugar amino acids. Amine incorporation may be accomplished from aminolysis of the free sugar or from glycosyl azide reduction. The reactions can be carried out on multigram scale, providing access to unique monomer units for future incorporation into combinatorial library syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiqiang Ying
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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