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Hu W, Zhang G, Zhou Y, Xia J, Zhang P, Xiao W, Xue M, Lu Z, Yang S. Recent development of analytical methods for disease-specific protein O-GlcNAcylation. RSC Adv 2022; 13:264-280. [PMID: 36605671 PMCID: PMC9768672 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07184c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzymatic modification of protein serine or threonine residues by N-acetylglucosamine, namely O-GlcNAcylation, is a ubiquitous post-translational modification that frequently occurs in the nucleus and cytoplasm. O-GlcNAcylation is dynamically regulated by two enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase, and regulates nearly all cellular processes in epigenetics, transcription, translation, cell division, metabolism, signal transduction and stress. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylation has been shown in a variety of diseases, including diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. Deciphering O-GlcNAcylation remains a challenge due to its low abundance, low stoichiometry and extreme lability in most tandem mass spectrometry. Separation or enrichment of O-GlcNAc proteins or peptides from complex mixtures has been of great interest because quantitative analysis of protein O-GlcNAcylation can elucidate their functions and regulatory mechanisms in disease. However, valid and specific analytical methods are still lacking, and efforts are needed to further advance this direction. Here, we provide an overview of recent advances in various analytical methods, focusing on chemical oxidation, affinity of antibodies and lectins, hydrophilic interaction, and enzymatic addition of monosaccharides in conjugation with these methods. O-GlcNAcylation quantification has been described in detail using mass-spectrometric or non-mass-spectrometric techniques. We briefly summarized dysregulated changes in O-GlcNAcylation in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Hu
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Suzhou Institute for Drug ControlSuzhouJiangsu215104China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiang310014China
| | - Jun Xia
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiang310014China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215004China
| | - Wenjin Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215004China
| | - Man Xue
- Suzhou Institute for Drug ControlSuzhouJiangsu215104China
| | - Zhaohui Lu
- Health Examination Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215004China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
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Zheng J, Xu H, Fang J, Zhang X. Enzymatic and chemoenzymatic synthesis of human milk oligosaccharides and derivatives. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Sittel I, Galan MC. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of imidazolium-tagged sialyllactosamine probes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4329-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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5
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Yu CC, Withers SG. Recent Developments in Enzymatic Synthesis of Modified Sialic Acid Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Deng L, Wang X, Uppalapati S, Norberg O, Dong H, Joliton A, Yan M, Ramström O. Stereocontrolled 1- S-glycosylation and comparative binding studies of photoprobe-thiosaccharide conjugates with their O-linked analogs. PURE APPL CHEM 2013; 85:1789-1801. [PMID: 26180266 PMCID: PMC4500165 DOI: 10.1351/pac-con-12-08-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of thioglycosides and other glycan derivatives with anomeric sulfur linkages is gaining increasing interest, both in synthesis and in various biological contexts. Herein, we demonstrate the occurrence and circumvention of anomerization during 1-S-glycosylation reactions, and present highly efficient and stereocontrolled syntheses of a series of photoprobe-thiosaccharide conjugates. Mutarotation of glycosyl thiols proved to be the origin of the anomeric mixtures formed, and kinetic effects could be used to circumvent anomerization. The synthesized carbohydrate conjugates were then evaluated by both solution- and solid-phase-based techniques. Both binding results showed that the S-linked glyco-sides interact with their cognate lectins comparably to the corresponding O-analogs in the present cases, thus demonstrating the reliability of the solid-support platform built upon our photo-initiated carbohydrate immobilization method for probing protein bindings, and showing the potential of combining these two means for studying carbohydrate-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingquan Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Teknikringen 30, S-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Ave., Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Suji Uppalapati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Ave., Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Oscar Norberg
- Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Teknikringen 30, S-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hai Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Teknikringen 30, S-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Rd. 1037, Wuhan, China
| | - Adrien Joliton
- Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Teknikringen 30, S-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Teknikringen 30, S-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Ave., Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Teknikringen 30, S-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Highly stereoselective synthesis of imino-C-di- and trisaccharides as hydrolytically stable glycomimetics. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.05.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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8
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Galan MC, Tran AT, Bromfield K, Rabbani S, Ernst B. Ionic-liquid-based MS probes for the chemo-enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:7091-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25855b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Palcic MM. Glycosyltransferases as biocatalysts. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2011; 15:226-33. [PMID: 21334964 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases are useful synthetic tools for the preparation of natural oligosaccharides, glycoconjugates and their analogues. High expression levels of recombinant enzymes have allowed their use in multi-step reactions, on mg to multi-gram scales. Since glycosyltransferases are tolerant with respect to utilizing modified donors and acceptor substrates they can be used to prepare oligosaccharide analogues and for diversification of natural products. New sources of enzymes are continually discovered as genomes are sequenced and they are annotated in the Carbohydrate Active Enzyme (CAZy) glycosyltransferase database. Glycosyltransferase mutagenesis, domain swapping and metabolic pathway engineering to change reaction specificity and product diversification are increasingly successful due to advances in structure-function studies and high throughput screening methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M Palcic
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-2500 Valby, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Galan MC, Tran AT, Bernard C. Ionic-liquid-based catch and release mass spectroscopy tags for enzyme monitoring. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:8968-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04224b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhang X, Yang X, Zhang S. Synthesis of Triazole-Linked Glycoconjugates by Copper(I)-Catalyzed Regiospecific Cycloaddition of Alkynes and Azides. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910802431198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoru Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- a Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao, China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao, China
- b Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science , Shanghai, China
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Glycosyltransferase-catalyzed synthesis of bioactive oligosaccharides. Biotechnol Adv 2008; 26:436-56. [PMID: 18565714 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Revised: 02/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cell surfaces are all covered with bioactive oligosaccharides which play an important role in molecular recognition events such as immune recognition, cell-cell communication and initiation of microbial pathogenesis. Consequently, bioactive oligosaccharides have been recognized as a medicinally relevant class of biomolecules for which the interest is growing. For the preparation of complex and highly pure oligosaccharides, methods based on the application of glycosyltransferases are currently recognized as being the most effective. The present paper reviews the potential of glycosyltransferases as synthetic tools in oligosaccharide synthesis. Reaction mechanisms and selected characteristics of these enzymes are described in relation to the stereochemistry of the transfer reaction and the requirements of sugar nucleotide donors. For the application of glycosyltransferases, accepted substrate profiles are summarized and the whole-cell approach versus isolated enzyme methodology is compared. Sialyltransferase-catalyzed syntheses of gangliosides and other sialylated oligosaccharides are described in more detail in view of the prominent role of these compounds in biological recognition.
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Brockhausen I, Larsson EA, Hindsgaul O. A very simple synthesis of GlcNAc-α-pyrophosphoryl-decanol: A substrate for the assay of a bacterial galactosyltransferase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:804-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Revised: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 11/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mulard L. Sucres et vaccins : du polysaccharide purifié au glycoconjugué semi-synthétique. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2007; 65:14-32. [PMID: 17299349 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4509(07)90014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades, capsular polysaccharides have been successfully used as antibacterial vaccines. Marketing several polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines filled the gap in many areas of children and infant vaccination. By facilitating access to structures of increasing complexity, recent progress in glycochemistry has enabled the design of more and more precisely defined glycoconjugate vaccines using synthetic saccharide components which mimic epitopes naturally implicated in protection. This strategy was recently validated in humans. It opens the way to new perspectives in vaccine research devoted to prophylactic and/or therapeutic applications against bacterial, fungal, parasitic or viral infections, and certain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mulard
- Unité de Chimie Organique, Ura Cnrs 2128, Institut Pasteur, 28, rue du Dr Roux F 75724 Paris Cedex 15.
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Morais LL, Yuasa H, Bennis K, Ripoche I, Auzanneau FI. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of thio-nod factor intermediates Enzymatic transfer of glucosamine on thiochitobiose derivatives. CAN J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1139/v06-043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The chemoenzymatic syntheses of thioanalogues of nodulation factors in which the nonreducing end glucosamine residue is available for the introduction of the fatty acid moiety at the free NH2group are reported. We are describing the chemical synthesis of UDP-GlcNH2and its use in the enzymatic transfer of GlcNH2by the bovine galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.90) onto O-4 of the nonreducing end N-acetylglucosamine residues of chitobiose, thiochitobiose, and allyl thiochitobioside. The enzymatic reactions on chitobiose and thiochitobiose were followed by TLC and MALDI MS and showed about 50% conversion of the disaccharides to the desired products. However, these reducing trisaccharides could not be obtained totally free of salts and degraded on ion exchange chromatography. Thus, we investigated the enzymatic transfer on the nonreducing allyl thiochitobioside analogue. We describe here the chemical synthesis of this thiodisaccharide and the enzymatic transfer of GlcNH2at O-4 of its nonreducing end glucosamine residue to give the desired allyl thiotrisaccharide. This thiotrisaccharide was obtained pure in 41% yield and was characterized by1H NMR (HSQC) and HRMS.Key words: nodulation factors, synthesis, enzymatic transfer, thiooligosaccharides, UDP-glucosamine.
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Kamath VP, Yeske RE, Gregson JM, Ratcliffe RM, Fang YR, Palcic MM. Large-scale chemical and chemo-enzymatic synthesis of a spacer-containing Pk-trisaccharide. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:1141-6. [PMID: 15063203 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2003.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2003] [Accepted: 12/26/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The Pk-trisaccharide, linked to a solid carrier, is a potential agent for neutralization of shiga-like toxin in the gastrointestinal tract. Two approaches to the multigram-scale synthesis of a linkable Pk-trisaccharide derivative were therefore investigated. A four-step chemical synthesis yielded 8-methoxycarbonyloctyl beta-lactoside in 75% yield from lactose. Further conversion of this derivative through either multistep organic synthesis or one-step enzymatic galactosylation with UDP-galactose and recombinant alpha-1,4-galactosyltransferase gave the Pk-trisaccharide derivative 8-methoxycarbonyloctyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranoside in 25% and 68% overall yields from commercial lactose, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivekanand P Kamath
- Department of Research and Process Development, SYNSORB Biotech Inc., 201, 1204 Kensington Road Calgary, Canada AB T2E 6J7
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Daines AM, Maltman BA, Flitsch SL. Synthesis and modifications of carbohydrates, using biotransformations. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2004; 8:106-13. [PMID: 15062769 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2004.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes continue to be used as important catalysts, for the generation of rare and 'unnatural' monosaccharides and for the selective formation of glycosidic linkages. Multi-enzyme systems have been employed in one-pot strategies for multistep reaction sequences and for co-factor regeneration. The efficiency of glycosidases for glycosylation reactions has been dramatically increased by active-site mutagenesis to generate glycosynthases. First reports have detailed the expansion and optimization of glycosynthase substrate specificity by directed evolution. Novel glycosyltransferases are being identified from genomic databases and have been shown to glycosylate complex metabolites, such as glycopeptide antibiotics, with exquisite selectivity and in good yields. An emerging field is the application of glycosynthases and glycosyltransferases to reactions on solid support, generating potential applications in microarrays.
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