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Wouda RD, Waanders F, de Zeeuw D, Navis G, Vogt L. Diminished antiproteinuric effect of the angiotensin receptor blocker losartan during high potassium intake in patients with CKD. Clin Kidney J 2021; 14:2170-2176. [PMID: 34603695 PMCID: PMC8483678 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) lower blood pressure (BP) and proteinuria and reduce renal disease progression in many-but not all-patients. Reduction of dietary sodium intake improves these effects of ARBs. Dietary potassium intake affects BP and proteinuria. We set out to address the effect of potassium intake on BP and proteinuria response to losartan in non-diabetic proteinuric chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Methods We performed a post hoc analysis of a placebo-controlled interventional cross-over study in 33 non-diabetic proteinuric patients (baseline mean arterial pressure and proteinuria: 105 mmHg and 3.8 g/day, respectively). Patients were treated for 6 weeks with placebo, losartan and losartan/hydrochlorothiazide (HCT), combined with a habitual (∼200 mmol/day) and low-sodium (LS) diet (<100 mmol/day), in randomized order. To analyse the effects of potassium intake, we categorized patients based on median split of 24-h urinary potassium excretion, reflecting potassium intake. Results Mean potassium intake was stable during all six treatment periods. Losartan and losartan/HCT lowered BP and proteinuria in all treatment groups. Patients with high potassium intake showed no difference in the BP effects compared with patients with low potassium intake. The antiproteinuric response to losartan monotherapy and losartan combined with HCT during the habitual sodium diet was significantly diminished in patients with high potassium intake (20% versus 41%, P = 0.011; and 48% versus 64%, P = 0.036). These differences in antiproteinuric response abolished when shifting to the LS diet. Conclusions In proteinuric CKD patients, the proteinuria, but not BP-lowering response to losartan during a habitual high-sodium diet was hampered during high potassium intake. Differences disappeared after sodium status change by LS diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa D Wouda
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Dick de Zeeuw
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjan Navis
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Liffert Vogt
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Huang P, Chen S, Wang Y, Liu J, Yao Q, Huang Y, Li H, Zhu M, Wang S, Li L, Tang C, Tao Y, Yang G, Du J, Jin H. Down-regulated CBS/H2S pathway is involved in high-salt-induced hypertension in Dahl rats. Nitric Oxide 2015; 46:192-203. [PMID: 25617698 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study was designed to explore the significance of endogenous H2S in the development of high-salt-induced hypertension in rats. METHODS High-salt-induced hypertension rat model was made by feeding Dahl rat high-salt diet containing 8% NaCl for 8 weeks with SD rats as control. SBP and aorta structure in rats were observed. Endogenous H2S content and expression of cystathionine β-lyase (CBS), cystathionine γ-lyase and mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase in renal tissues were detected. Mechanisms for the impact of high-salt on CBS/H2S in renal tissues were studied, targeting HIF-1α pathway. The effect of H2S on RAS in serum and renal tissue of rats were tested. RESULTS High-salt reduced endogenous H2S content and inhibited the expression of CBS in renal tissue in salt-sensitive Dahl rats. H2S donor, however, inhibited salt-sensitive hypertension, reversed aortic structural remodeling and inhibited activation of the RAS system in renal tissues in Dahl rats. Expression of HIF-1α was decreased but expression of PHD2 was increased in renal tissue of Dahl rats with high-salt diet, whereas they did not alter in renal tissue of SD rats with high-salt diet. Ex vivo experiment showed that inhibitor of HIF-1α degradation could rescue down-regulated CBS/H2S pathway in renal tissue of Dahl rats with high-salt. In contrast, inhibitor of HIF-1α activity decreased the CBS/H2S pathway in the renal tissue of SD rats treated with high-salt. CONCLUSIONS Down-regulated CBS/H2S pathway in renal tissues under high-salt insult might be an important pathogenesis of salt-sensitive hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Siyao Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Qiuyu Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yaqian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Suxia Wang
- Lab of Electric Microscopy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Lin Li
- Central Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Chaoshu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yinghong Tao
- Animal Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Guosheng Yang
- Animal Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
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Qi J, Zhang DM, Suo YP, Song XA, Yu XJ, Elks C, Lin YX, Xu YY, Zang WJ, Zhu Z, Kang YM. Renin-angiotensin system modulates neurotransmitters in the paraventricular nucleus and contributes to angiotensin II-induced hypertensive response. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2013; 13:48-54. [PMID: 22971929 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-012-9184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced inflammatory and oxidative stress responses contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension. In this study, we determined whether renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) contributes to the ANG II-induced hypertensive response via interaction with neurotransmitters in the PVN. Rats underwent subcutaneous infusion of ANG II or saline for 4 weeks. These rats were treated for 4 weeks through bilateral PVN infusion with either vehicle or losartan (LOS), an angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1-R) antagonist, via osmotic minipump. ANG II infusion resulted in higher levels of glutamate, norepinephrine (NE), AT1-R and pro-inflammatory cytokines (PIC), and lower level of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the PVN. Rats receiving ANG II also had higher levels of mean arterial pressure, plasma PIC, NE and aldosterone than control animals. PVN treatment with LOS attenuated these ANG II-induced hypertensive responses. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the RAS activation in the PVN contributes to the ANG II-induced hypertensive response via interaction with PIC and neurotransmitters (glutamate, NE and GABA) in the PVN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China
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