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Satharasinghe A, Hughes-Riley T, Dias T. Photodiodes embedded within electronic textiles. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16205. [PMID: 30385876 PMCID: PMC6212443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34483-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel photodiode-embedded yarn has been presented and characterized for the first time, offering new possibilities for applications including monitoring body vital signs (including heart rate, blood oxygen and skin temperature) and environmental conditions (light, humidity and ultraviolet radiation). To create an E-Textile integrated with electronic devices that is comfortable, conformal, aesthetically pleasing and washable, electronic components are best integrated within the structure of a textile fabric in yarn form. The device is first encapsulated within a protective clear resin micro-pod before being covered in a fibrous sheath. The resin micro-pod and covering fibres have a significant effect on the nature of light received by the photoactive region of the device. This work characterised the effects of both encapsulating photodiodes within resin micro-pods and covering the micro-pod with a fibrous sheath on the opto-electronic parameters. A theoretical model is presented to provide an estimate for these effects and validated experimentally using two photodiode types and a range of different resin micro-pods. This knowledge may have wider applications to other devices with small-scale opto-electronic components. Wash tests confirmed that the yarns could survive multiple machine wash and drying cycles without deterioration in performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achala Satharasinghe
- Advanced Textiles Research Group, School of Art & Design, Nottingham Trent University, Bonington Building, Dryden Street, Nottingham, NG1 4GG, UK.
| | - Theodore Hughes-Riley
- Advanced Textiles Research Group, School of Art & Design, Nottingham Trent University, Bonington Building, Dryden Street, Nottingham, NG1 4GG, UK.
| | - Tilak Dias
- Advanced Textiles Research Group, School of Art & Design, Nottingham Trent University, Bonington Building, Dryden Street, Nottingham, NG1 4GG, UK
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Li X, Dunn J, Salins D, Zhou G, Zhou W, Schüssler-Fiorenza Rose SM, Perelman D, Colbert E, Runge R, Rego S, Sonecha R, Datta S, McLaughlin T, Snyder MP. Digital Health: Tracking Physiomes and Activity Using Wearable Biosensors Reveals Useful Health-Related Information. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2001402. [PMID: 28081144 PMCID: PMC5230763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A new wave of portable biosensors allows frequent measurement of health-related physiology. We investigated the use of these devices to monitor human physiological changes during various activities and their role in managing health and diagnosing and analyzing disease. By recording over 250,000 daily measurements for up to 43 individuals, we found personalized circadian differences in physiological parameters, replicating previous physiological findings. Interestingly, we found striking changes in particular environments, such as airline flights (decreased peripheral capillary oxygen saturation [SpO2] and increased radiation exposure). These events are associated with physiological macro-phenotypes such as fatigue, providing a strong association between reduced pressure/oxygen and fatigue on high-altitude flights. Importantly, we combined biosensor information with frequent medical measurements and made two important observations: First, wearable devices were useful in identification of early signs of Lyme disease and inflammatory responses; we used this information to develop a personalized, activity-based normalization framework to identify abnormal physiological signals from longitudinal data for facile disease detection. Second, wearables distinguish physiological differences between insulin-sensitive and -resistant individuals. Overall, these results indicate that portable biosensors provide useful information for monitoring personal activities and physiology and are likely to play an important role in managing health and enabling affordable health care access to groups traditionally limited by socioeconomic class or remote geography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Jessilyn Dunn
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Mobilize Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Denis Salins
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Gao Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Wenyu Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Sophia Miryam Schüssler-Fiorenza Rose
- Spinal Cord Injury Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Dalia Perelman
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Colbert
- Spinal Cord Injury Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Ryan Runge
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Shannon Rego
- Spinal Cord Injury Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Ria Sonecha
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Somalee Datta
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Tracey McLaughlin
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
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Acharya S, Rajasekar A, Shender BS, Hrebien L, Kam M. Real-Time Hypoxia Prediction Using Decision Fusion. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2016; 21:696-707. [PMID: 26887018 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2016.2528887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Humans who operate in high altitudes for prolonged durations often suffer from hypoxia. The commencement of physiological and cognitive changes due to the onset of hypoxia may not be immediately apparent to the exposed individual. These changes can go unrecognized for minutes and even hours and may lead to serious performance degradation or complete incapacitation. A dynamic system capable of monitoring and detecting decreased physiologic states due to the onset of hypoxia has the potential to prevent adverse outcomes. In this study, we develop a real-time hypoxia monitoring system based on a parallel M -ary decision fusion architecture. Blood oxygen saturation levels and altitude readings are the inputs and estimates of the level of hypoxia are the outputs. We develop new temporal evolution models for blood oxygen saturation and functional impairment with respect to varying altitude. The proposed models enable accurate tracking of various hypoxia levels based on the duration of stay of the subject at an altitude. Using a Bayesian decision-making formulation, the system generates global estimates of the degree of hypoxia. The detection system is tested against synthetic and real datasets to demonstrate applicability and accuracy.
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Kishimoto A, Tochikubo O, Ohshige K. Relation between Nocturnal Arterial Oxygen Desaturation and Morning Blood Pressure. Clin Exp Hypertens 2009; 29:51-60. [PMID: 17190731 DOI: 10.1080/10641960601096786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) in volunteers had been previously investigated, and the possibility that a decrease in SpO2 leads to an increase in blood pressure (BP) in airline passengers experiencing oxygen desaturation at high altitudes was reported. It was also shown that mean nocturnal SpO2 was lower in subjects with high-normal BP or mild hypertension than in those with normal BP. The present study investigated nocturnal SpO2, evening BP, and morning BP of volunteers during daily life and examined the relation between nocturnal SpO2 and change in BP (morning BP minus evening BP) to determine the influence of SpO2 on BP. METHODS Sixty-two volunteers (31 men and 31 women) aged 40-87 years (mean: 55.9 +/- 12 [SD] years) underwent measurement of SpO2 and heart rate with a ring-shaped pulse oximeter during sleep at home. Evening BP and morning BP were measured by automatic BP recorder. Subjects that were classified as having high SpO2 (mean nocturnal SpO2 >or= 95%; n = 23, 10 men and 13 women; mean age: 53.2 +/- 12 years) or low SpO2 (mean nocturnal SpO2 < 94%; n = 21, 12 men and 9 women; mean age: 58.7 +/- 13 years) were compared. The relation between mean nocturnal SpO2 and morning BP and the relation between mean nocturnal SpO2 and change in BP were investigated. RESULTS There was a significant negative correlation between mean nocturnal SpO2 and morning systolic BP (SBP; r = -0.50, p < 0.01) and between mean nocturnal SpO2 and morning diastolic BP (DBP; r = -0.37, p < 0.01). A significant negative correlation between mean nocturnal SpO2 and change in SBP was observed (r = -0.57, p < 0.01). Morning BP was significantly higher in the low nocturnal SpO2 group than in the high nocturnal SpO2 group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The increase in morning BP from evening BP was significantly greater in subjects with a low nocturnal SpO2. The decrease in SpO2 during sleep may affect morning BP rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Kishimoto
- Department of Public Health, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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