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Gusmão LA, Rodero CF, Pironi AM, Chorilli M, Perussi JR. Hypericin supramolecular assembles: A way to increase the skin availability and photodynamic efficiency in tumor cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103858. [PMID: 37898262 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are molecules approved by the FDA and show promise in increasing the solubility of hydrophobic molecules and making them more available to the skin. These CDs have been used to form complexes with some photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), such as Hypericin (HY). HY is a lipophilic photosensitizer known for its exceptional fluorescence and singlet oxygen quantum yield generation of over 20 % under 590 nm irradiation. In this study, we found a six-fold increase in the release of HY in vitro after complexation with β-CD. The β-CDHY assembly also demonstrated better skin retention, which is crucial for the topical application of this photosensitizer. Furthermore, the β-CD complexation led to a significant increase in the phototoxicity of HY at three different light doses (3, 6, and 10 J cm-2) due to its improved water solubility and higher in vitro accumulation (approximately two times compared with free HY) in HeLa and Vero cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Araújo Gusmão
- University of São Paulo (USP), Chemical Insititut of São Carlos (IQSC), Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Camila Fernanda Rodero
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Andressa Maria Pironi
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Reis TA, Jaculi AE, Ramos KL, Souza PEN, Veiga-Souza FH, Joanitti GA, Azevedo RB, Gratieri T, Cunha-Filho M, Gelfuso GM. Combination of cyclodextrin complexation and iontophoresis as a promising strategy for the cutaneous delivery of aluminum-chloride phthalocyanine in photodynamic therapy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 139:105056. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Park SH, Kim JC. Monoolein cubosomes for enhancement of in vitro anti-oxidative efficacy of Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam extract toward carcinogenic fine dust-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-019-0333-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Xin C, Lihong W, Fei H, Yan W, Qifang W, Yang Y, Yue Y, San-ming L. To enhance the efficiency of nefopam transdermal iontophoresis by using a novel method based on ion-exchange fiber. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:9-16. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.743558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Nair A, Vyas H, Shah J, Kumar A. Effect of permeation enhancers on the iontophoretic transport of metoprolol tartrate and the drug retention in skin. Drug Deliv 2010; 18:19-25. [PMID: 20726811 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2010.509361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilization of chemical penetration enhancers in conjunction with iontophoresis is regarded as the most effective method to enhance the passage of molecules across the skin barrier. A systematic approach to enhance the transdermal delivery of metoprolol tartrate and the subsequent release of the drug depot in the skin was investigated. Gel formulations with proximate viscosity were prepared and assessed for the effect of polymers (carbopol, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and methyl cellulose), permeation enhancers (5% w/w, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), dimethyl formamide, n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and polyethylene glycol 400), and the combination approach (permeation enhancers with iontophoresis-0.5 mA/cm² on the drug delivery. The flux values observed in passive (4.59-5.89 µg/cm²/h) and iontophoresis (37.99-41.57 µg/cm²/h) processes revealed that the permeation of metoprolol was not influenced by the polymers studied, under similar conditions, and further studies were carried out using carbopol gel as a representative polymer. Appreciable enhancement (~5-fold) in drug delivery was observed with SLS in the passive process while the optimum iontophoretic delivery condition ensured better delivery (~7-fold). Combination of iontophoresis with SLS further enhanced the drug delivery (~9-fold) and leads to noticeable drug retention in the skin as well. Moreover, the drug retained in the cutaneous layer of the skin eventually released over a period of time (5 days) and followed a near first order profile. This study concludes that the combination of iontophoresis with SLS augmented the metoprolol delivery and rendered skin drug depot, which eventually released over a period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anroop Nair
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, M.M. University, Mullana, India.
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Tiwari G, Tiwari R, Rai AK. Cyclodextrins in delivery systems: Applications. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2010; 2:72-9. [PMID: 21814436 PMCID: PMC3147107 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.67003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are a family of cyclic oligosaccharides with a hydrophilic outer surface and a lipophilic central cavity. CD molecules are relatively large with a number of hydrogen donors and acceptors and, thus in general, they do not permeate lipophilic membranes. In the pharmaceutical industry, CDs have mainly been used as complexing agents to increase aqueous solubility of poorly soluble drugs and to increase their bioavailability and stability. CDs are used in pharmaceutical applications for numerous purposes, including improving the bioavailability of drugs. Current CD-based therapeutics is described and possible future applications are discussed. CD-containing polymers are reviewed and their use in drug delivery is presented. Of specific interest is the use of CD-containing polymers to provide unique capabilities for the delivery of nucleic acids. Studies in both humans and animals have shown that CDs can be used to improve drug delivery from almost any type of drug formulation. Currently, there are approximately 30 different pharmaceutical products worldwide containing drug/CD complexes in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Tiwari
- Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of pharmaceutics, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kalpi Road, Bhauti, Kanpur 208020, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Awani K. Rai
- Department of pharmaceutics, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kalpi Road, Bhauti, Kanpur 208020, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ribeiro AM, Figueiras A, Freire C, Santos D, Veiga F. Combining strategies to optimize a gel formulation containing miconazole: the influence of modified cyclodextrin on textural properties and drug release. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 36:705-14. [DOI: 10.3109/03639040903452260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Delgado-Charro M. Recent advances on transdermal iontophoretic drug delivery and non-invasive sampling. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(09)50015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Challa R, Ahuja A, Ali J, Khar RK. Cyclodextrins in drug delivery: an updated review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2005; 6:E329-57. [PMID: 16353992 PMCID: PMC2750546 DOI: 10.1208/pt060243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 743] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to discuss and summarize some of the interesting findings and applications of cyclodextrins (CDs) and their derivatives in different areas of drug delivery, particularly in protein and peptide drug delivery and gene delivery. The article highlights important CD applications in the design of various novel delivery systems like liposomes, microspheres, microcapsules, and nanoparticles. In addition to their well-known effects on drug solubility and dissolution, bioavailability, safety, and stability, their use as excipients in drug formulation are also discussed in this article. The article also focuses on various factors influencing inclusion complex formation because an understanding of the same is necessary for proper handling of these versatile materials. Some important considerations in selecting CDs in drug formulation such as their commercial availability, regulatory status, and patent status are also summarized. CDs, because of their continuing ability to find several novel applications in drug delivery, are expected to solve many problems associated with the delivery of different novel drugs through different delivery routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswari Challa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, 110062 New Delhi, India
| | - Alka Ahuja
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, 110062 New Delhi, India
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, 110062 New Delhi, India
| | - R. K. Khar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, 110062 New Delhi, India
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Attia MA, El-Gibaly I, Shaltout SE, Fetih GN. Transbuccal permeation, anti-inflammatory activity and clinical efficacy of piroxicam formulated in different gels. Int J Pharm 2004; 276:11-28. [PMID: 15113610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2003] [Revised: 01/21/2004] [Accepted: 01/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In attempts to avoid the systemic side effects of piroxicam (PC) (e.g. gastrotoxicity), several buccal gel formulations containing PC were prepared and their effects on the characteristics of the drug permeation through rabbit buccal mucosa in-vitro were evaluated using a Franz-type diffusion cell. The general rank order of the total flux of 0.5% PC from gels was found to be: hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC, 2.5%) > hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC, 2.5%) >or= sodium alginate (Na alg., 7%) > methylcellulose (MC, 3%) > hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC, 1.5%) > carbopol 934 (Carb. 934, 1%) >or= sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC, 2%) > pluronic F-127 (PF-127, 20%) > polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, 10%). The effect of various penetration enhancers 1% sodium lauryl sulphate (NaLS), 3% sodium deoxycholate (NaDC), 3% sodium tauroglycocholate (NaTGC) on the rate of permeation across the excised buccal mucosa (of 0.5% PC in gels prepared using 3% MC, 2.5% HPMC or 7% Na alg. base) and histology of the buccal epithelium was also investigated. Pharmacodynamic evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of PC in these gel formulations (containing 3% NaDC as an enhancer) was carried out using the kaolin-induced rat paw oedema method. The results obtained indicated that PC administered in 7% Na alg. or 2.5% HPMC gel bases was significantly more effective than the 3% MC gel and oral drug solution in suppressing oedema formation in rats. Comparative clinical studies were conducted in patients with post-operative dental pain and oedema following maxillofacial operations. The results revealed that 7% Na alg. and 2.5% HPMC gel formulations applied to the buccal mucosa were slightly better than or equally effective to the orally administered commercial product (Feldene Flash) tablet) in reducing pain level, swelling and tenderness within a period of 4 days. These findings suggest that PC (0.5%) administered in the buccal gel may present a potential therapeutical use as a strong anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Attia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
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Al-Khalili M, Meidan VM, Michniak BB. Iontophoretic transdermal delivery of buspirone hydrochloride in hairless mouse skin. AAPS PHARMSCI 2003; 5:E14. [PMID: 12866941 PMCID: PMC2751522 DOI: 10.1208/ps050214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2002] [Accepted: 03/03/2003] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The transdermal delivery of buspirone hydrochloride across hairless mouse skin and the combined effect of iontophoresis and terpene enhancers were evaluated in vitro using Franz diffusion cells. Iontophoretic delivery was optimized by evaluating the effect of drug concentration, current density, and pH of the vehicle solution. Increasing the current density from 0.05 to 0.1 mA/cm2 resulted in doubling of the iontophoretic flux of buspirone hydrochloride, while increasing drug concentration from 1% to 2% had no effect on flux. Using phosphate buffer to adjust the pH of the drug solution decreased the buspirone hydrochloride iontophoretic flux relative to water solutions. Incorporating buspirone hydrochloride into ethanol:water (50:50 vol/vol) based gel formulations using carboxymethylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose had no effect on iontophoretic delivery. Incorporation of three terpene enhancers (menthol, cineole, and terpineol) into the gel resulted in a synergistic effect when combined with iontophoresis. Menthol was the most active enhancer, and when combined with iontophoresis it was possible to deliver 10 mg/cm2/day of buspirone hydrochloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al-Khalili
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Carolina, 29208 Columbia, SC
| | - Victor M. Meidan
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, 07103 Newark, NJ
| | - Boeena B. Michniak
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, 07103 Newark, NJ
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