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Ahn SI, Lee YK, Kwak HS. Physicochemical and sensory properties of milk supplemented with lactase microcapsules coated with enteric coating materials. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:6959-6970. [PMID: 31255265 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the physicochemical and sensory properties of milk supplemented with a powder of microencapsulated lactase. The core material was lactase (β-galactosidase), the primary coating material was medium-chain triglyceride (MCT), and the secondary (enteric) coating material was either hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) or shellac, comparing both against market milk as a control. The physicochemical properties of both types of microcapsules were analyzed, including the particle size, zeta potential, and in vitro release behavior. To survey the stability of the microcapsules in milk during storage, we studied the residual lactose content and pH. Furthermore, to determine the properties of milk supplemented with the microcapsules, changes in color and sensory properties were evaluated during storage. The particle sizes (volume-weighted mean; D[4,3]) of the microcapsules coated with HPMCP or shellac were 2,836 and 7,834 nm, respectively, and the zeta potential of the capsules coated with shellac was higher than the zeta potential of those coated with HPMCP. The pH levels of milk supplemented with the lactase microcapsules were similar to those of the control (unsupplemented market milk); however, for milk supplemented with HPMCP-coated microcapsules, the pH was slightly lower. The core material, lactase, was released from the microcapsules during 12-d storage, and 18.82 and 35.09% of lactose was hydrolyzed in the samples for HPMCP- and shellac-coated microcapsules, respectively. The sensory characteristics of milk containing microcapsules coated with HPMCP did not show significant differences from the control, in terms of sweetness or off-taste, until 8 d of storage. However, shellac-coated microcapsules showed significant difference in sweetness and off-taste at d 8 and 6 of storage, respectively. The color of milk containing HPMCP-coated microcapsules did not show a significant difference during storage. However, that containing shellac-coated microcapsules was somewhat higher in color values than others. In particular, it showed significance from 0 to 4 d storage in L* and C* values. In conclusion, a powder of lactase microcapsules coated with HPMCP can be suitable as a supplement for milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Il Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonbuk, 54896, Korea
| | - Yun-Kyung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, KyungHee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Hae-Soo Kwak
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Korea.
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Theismann EM, Keppler JK, Knipp JR, Fangmann D, Appel E, Gorb SN, Waetzig GH, Schreiber S, Laudes M, Schwarz K. Adjustment of triple shellac coating for precise release of bioactive substances with different physico-chemical properties in the ileocolonic region. Int J Pharm 2019; 564:472-484. [PMID: 30991131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Formulations for the controlled release of substances in the human terminal ileum and colon are essential to target the gut microbiome and its interactions with the intestinal mucosa. In contrast to pharmaceutical enteric coatings, reliable food-grade alternatives are still scarce. Shellac coatings have been used for various active ingredients, but their stability is affected by the physicochemical properties of the encapsulated substances. It is well known, that shellac release can be modulated by an acidic subcoating. Here, we hypothesized that a triple shellac coating with an adjusted intermediate coating (acidic or alkaline) can be effectively used to counteract the differences in pH value of various encapsulated substances, allowing a precise targeting of the desired release pH value. First, the system was tested with riboflavin 5'-monophosphate sodium salt dihydrate (RMSD) as a characteristic model substance. Secondly, it was transferred to nicotinic acid (NA) and nicotinamide (NAM) as bioactive compounds with different physio-chemical properties: NAM, an alkaline crystalline and highly water-soluble substance, led to a premature release from conventional shellac microcapsules, whereas RMSD and NA with their medium solubility and neutral to acidic pH properties delayed the shellac dissolution. A precise modulation of the release profile of each substance was possible by the addition of different intermediate subcoatings: an acidic layer with citric acid counteracted the premature release of the alkaline and highly soluble NAM. In contrast, an alkaline sodium bicarbonate intermediate subcoating enhanced shellac swelling and delayed the release of NA and RMSD. In conclusion, the novel triple-layer shellac coating provides a much higher adaptability and reliability for nutritional formulations aiming at a targeted release in the ileocolonic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Theismann
- Division of Food Technology, Kiel University, Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | | | - Jörg-Rainer Knipp
- Division of Food Technology, Kiel University, Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Fangmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Esther Appel
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Stanislav N Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Georg H Waetzig
- CONARIS Research Institute AG, Schauenburgerstrasse 116, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Karin Schwarz
- Division of Food Technology, Kiel University, Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Hui Q, Zhang L, Yang X, Yu B, Huang Z, Pang S, Zhou Q, Yang R, Li W, Hu L, Li X, Cao G, Wang X. Higher Biostability of rh-aFGF-Carbomer 940 Hydrogel and Its Effect on Wound Healing in a Diabetic Rat Model. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:1661-1668. [PMID: 33445322 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are excellent drug delivery carriers with excellent ductility. Here, we report the design of a higher biostability of a recombinant human acidic fibroblast growth factor (rh-aFGF) carbomer hydrogel formulation. To verify the optimality of this formula, we prepared various prescriptions and tested the resulting physical properties including micromorphology, long-term stability, accelerated stability, and destructive test. Furthermore, the efficacy for promoting wound healing in full-thickness injury and scald wound diabetic rat models was explored. We found that rh-aFGF-carbomer hydrogel had good physical properties. It was stable for 24 months at 5 ± 3 °C, and for 6 months at 25 ± 3 °C. In vivo, the rh-aFGF-carbomer 940 hydrogel achieved a remarkable promotion of skin wound healing in diabetic rats with full-thickness injuries or scald wounds. Our data suggest that rh-aFGF-carbomer hydrogel may have applications for the treatment of diabetic ulcers combined with other wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hui
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | | | - Xuanxin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Bingjie Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Shucai Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qingde Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Rongshuai Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Lufeng Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Gaozhong Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou 325035, China
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Novel method for screening of enteric film coatings properties with magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Pharm 2013; 456:569-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Oehme A, Valotis A, Krammer G, Zimmermann I, Schreier P. Preparation and characterization of shellac-coated anthocyanin pectin beads as dietary colonic delivery system. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55 Suppl 1:S75-85. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201000467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Leick S, Kott M, Degen P, Henning S, Päsler T, Suter D, Rehage H. Mechanical properties of liquid-filled shellac composite capsules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:2765-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01803a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pulsatile drug delivery to ileo-colonic segments by structured incorporation of disintegrants in pH-responsive polymer coatings. J Control Release 2008; 132:91-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2008] [Revised: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 08/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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