1
|
Blanco-Fernández G, Blanco-Fernandez B, Fernández-Ferreiro A, Otero-Espinar FJ. Lipidic lyotropic liquid crystals: Insights on biomedical applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 313:102867. [PMID: 36889183 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs) possess unique physicochemical properties, translatable into a wide range of applications. To date, lipidic lyotropic LCs (LLCs) have been extensively explored in drug delivery and imaging owing to the capability to encapsulate and release payloads with different characteristics. The current landscape of lipidic LLCs in biomedical applications is provided in this review. Initially, the main properties, types, methods of fabrication and applications of LCs are showcased. Then, a comprehensive discussion of the main biomedical applications of lipidic LLCs accordingly to the application (drug and biomacromolecule delivery, tissue engineering and molecular imaging) and route of administration is examined. Further discussion of the main limitations and perspectives of lipidic LLCs in biomedical applications are also provided. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Liquid crystals (LCs) are those systems between a solid and liquid state that possess unique morphological and physicochemical properties, translatable into a wide range of biomedical applications. A short description of the properties of LCs, their types and manufacturing procedures is given to serve as a background to the topic. Then, the latest and most innovative research in the field of biomedicine is examined, specifically the areas of drug and biomacromolecule delivery, tissue engineering and molecular imaging. Finally, prospects of LCs in biomedicine are discussed to show future trends and perspectives that might be utilized. This article is an ampliation, improvement and actualization of our previous short forum article "Bringing lipidic lyotropic liquid crystal technology into biomedicine" published in TIPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Blanco-Fernández
- Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Paraquasil Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Institute of Materials (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Bárbara Blanco-Fernandez
- CIBER in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Anxo Fernández-Ferreiro
- Pharmacology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Pharmacy Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Otero-Espinar
- Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Paraquasil Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Institute of Materials (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Synthesis, surface properties, aggregation behavior of oleyl ether sulfates and their application to liquid crystal emulsion. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
3
|
Comparison of sensory and rheological properties of green cosmetic creams prepared on different natural, ECOCERT and BDIH certificated self-emulsifying bases. CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/cipms-2021-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The objective of this paper was to evaluate and compare the rheological and sensory properties of six natural cosmetic creams that use ECOCERT certificated emulsifying bases: Beautyderm, Dub Base Expert, Simulgreen™ 18-2, Olivem 1000, Montanov L and Emulgin Succro against two synthetics: Granthix APP and Lanette W.
The use of emulsifying bases in formulas helps to stabilize the product and improve its rheological and sensory attributes. In this study, the physical and chemical properties of several prepared cosmetic creams were determined. Apparent viscosity and thixotropy were evaluated by viscosimeter, while spreadability was ascertained by extensometer. Moreover, a group of 10 trained members evaluated the sensory properties of the formulas. The obtained formulas based upon natural emulsifiers are characterized by very good physical and chemical properties, high stabilization and good usage quality. The results were confirmed by sensory analysis. The cosmetic creams made with synthetic emulsifying bases were rated the worst by the study participants, which correlated with the physical tests.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ahmed HM, Nabavi S, Behzad S. Herbal Drugs and Natural Products in the light of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine for Developing Drug Formulations. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:302-313. [PMID: 32938347 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200916143240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural products and medicinal plants have played a vital role in providing healthcare and ensuring well-being for many civilizations since antiquity. It is estimated that around 50% of drugs in the market have a natural product origin especially medicinal plants and herbal drugs, animals, fungi, and marine organisms. Some of these biologically active constituents of extracts have low absorption and distribution which, as a result, lead to loss of bioavailability and efficacy and might hamper their applications in the clinic. To overcome these impediments for the formulation of herbal drugs, food supplements, and essential oils, several nanomedical approaches such as liposomes, microemulsions, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), liquid crystal systems (LC), and precursor systems for liquid crystals (PSLCs) have been proposed. Nanoparticles have been used to modify and ameliorate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of different drugs, thus incorporating biotechnological systems may be useful to enhance the bioavailability and bioactivity of herbal drug formulations. Consequently, essential for any natural compounds is the extent of its absorption after being ingested and its ability to be distributed in various tissues or organs of the body. The present review article aims to give an overview of the recent advancements in developing herbal drug formulations based on nanoparticle technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiwa M Ahmed
- Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Slemani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Seyed Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Behzad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Caritá AC, Resende de Azevedo J, Vinícius Buri M, Bolzinger MA, Chevalier Y, Riske KA, Ricci Leonardi G. Stabilization of vitamin C in emulsions of liquid crystalline structures. Int J Pharm 2021; 592:120092. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
6
|
Arshad W, Khan HMS, Akhtar N, Mohammad IS. Polymeric emulgel carrying Cinnamomum tamala extract: promising delivery system for potential topical applications. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000418318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
7
|
Dong Y, Hengst L, Hunt R, Patel D, Vo A, Choi S, Ashraf M, Cruz CN, Xu X. Understanding drug distribution and release in ophthalmic emulsions through quantitative evaluation of formulation-associated variables. J Control Release 2019; 313:96-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
8
|
Seibert JB, Rodrigues IV, Carneiro SP, Amparo TR, Lanza JS, Frézard FJG, de Souza GHB, Santos ODHD. Seasonality study of essential oil from leaves of Cymbopogon densiflorus
and nanoemulsion development with antioxidant activity. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Juliane Sousa Lanza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Frédéric Jean G. Frézard
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Campelo PH, Junqueira LA, Resende JVD, Zacarias RD, Fernandes RVDB, Botrel DA, Borges SV. Stability of lime essential oil emulsion prepared using biopolymers and ultrasound treatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1303707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Campelo
- Faculty of Agrarian Science, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Department of Food Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Soraia Vilela Borges
- Department of Food Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bernegossi J, Barbosa RMC, Rustice PM, Chorilli M. Green tea glycolic extract-loaded liquid crystal systems: development, characterization and microbiological control. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502016000300004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
11
|
Prestes PS, Peres DD, Freitas AZD, Consiglieri VO, Kaneko TM, Velasco MVR, Baby AR. Particle size and morphological characterization of cosmetic emulsified systems by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502016000200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The physicochemical attributes of emulsified systems are influenced by the characteristics of their internal phase droplets (concentration, size and morphology), which can be modified not only by the formulation components, but also by the analytical methodology employed. Thus, the aim of this work involved the physicochemical characterization of cosmetic emulsions obtained from different surfactants, as well as the introduction of the optical coherence tomography (OCT) as the analytical technique employed for the morphological characterization and particle size determination of the formulations. Three emulsions were prepared, differing at the type and concentration of the surfactant used, and their droplet sizes were evaluated through optical microscopy, laser diffraction and OCT. The microscopic analysis and the laser diffraction techniques provided an average particle size minor than 6.0 µm, not detected by the OCT technique, which could identify only bigger particles of the emulsified systems' internal phase. The results testify that OCT was suitable for the morphological characterization of cosmetic emulsions; however, the technique needs to be improved to ensure a better sensitivity in the analysis of smaller particles.
Collapse
|
12
|
Silva SAME, Lacerda R, Bernegossi J, Chorilli M, Leonardi GR. Development of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems with olive vegetable oil for cutaneous application. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502016000100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Liquid-Crystalline Systems represent active compounds delivery systems that may be able to overcome the physical barrier of the skin, especially represented by the stratum corneum. To obtain these systems, aqueous and oily components are used with surfactants. Of the different association structures in such systems, the liquid-crystalline offer numerous advantages to a topical product. This manuscript presents the development of liquid-crystalline systems consisting, in which the oil component is olive oil, its rheological characterizations, and the location of liquid crystals in its phase map. Cytotoxic effects were evaluated using J-774 mouse macrophages as the cellular model. A phase diagram to mix three components with different proportions was constructed. Two liquid crystalline areas were found with olive oil in different regions in the ternary diagram with two nonionic surfactants, called SLC1 (S1) and SLC2 (S2). These systems showed lamellar liquid crystals that remained stable during the entire analysis time. The systems were also characterized rheologically with pseudoplastic behavior without thixotropy. The texture and bioadhesion assays showed that formulations were similar statistically (p < 0.05), indicating that the increased amount of water in S2 did not interfere with the bioadhesive properties of the systems. In vitro cytotoxic assays showed that formulations did not present cytotoxicity. Olive oil-based systems may be a promising platform for skin delivery of drugs.
Collapse
|
13
|
Maciel NR, Oliveira ECV, Okuma CH, Topan JF, Amaral LQ, Rocha-Filho P. A New System of Multiple Emulsions with Lamellar Gel Phases from Vegetable Oil. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2015.1054506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
14
|
Bazylińska U, Pucek A, Sowa M, Matczak-Jon E, Wilk KA. Engineering of phosphatidylcholine-based solid lipid nanocarriers for flavonoids delivery. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
15
|
Silva SAME, Valarini MFC, Chorilli M, Friberg SE, Leonardi GR. Minimum Evaporation Model of Dermatological Delivery Systems. Lamellar Liquid Crystal Formulations Containing Brazilian Nut (Bertholletia excelsaHBK) Vegetable Oil and Guarana Glycolic Extract. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2013.826586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
16
|
Hasinovic H, Friberg SE, Kovach I, Koetz J. Janus Emulsion Drops: Equilibrium Calculations. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2013.763728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
17
|
Friberg SE, Kovach I, Koetz J. Equilibrium Topology and Partial Inversion of Janus Drops: A Numerical Analysis. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:3772-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
18
|
Isaac VLB, Moraes JDD, Chiari BG, Guglielmi DAS, Cefali LC, Rissi NC, Corrêa MA. Determination of the Real Influence of the Addition of Four Thickening Agents in Creams Using Rheological Measurements. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2012.683759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
19
|
Prestes PS, Soares FASM, Oliveira AM, Arêas EPG, Gioielli LA, Kaneko TM, Guimarães KL, Zanin MHA, Velasco MVR, Baby AR. Rheological Measurements and Thermal Characterization of Lamellar Gel Phase Emulsions Developed with Cetearyl Alcohol/Nonionic Ethoxylated Surfactants. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2011.620893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
20
|
Oliveira ECV, Boock KP, Maruno M, Rocha-Filho PA. Accelerated Stability and Moisturizing Capacity of Emulsions Presenting Lamellar Gel Phase Obtained from Brazilian Natural Raw Material. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2010.498234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
21
|
Hasinovic H, Friberg SE. One-step inversion process to a Janus emulsion with two mutually insoluble oils. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:6584-8. [PMID: 21534548 DOI: 10.1021/la105118h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
High internal phase ratio (HIPR) aqueous Janus emulsions of two immiscible oils, silicone oil (SO) and a vegetable oil (VO), were prepared using a vibration mixer. The simple HIPR Janus emulsions, (VO + SO)/W, were found at weight fractions of the aqueous phase in excess of 0.3, while at a corresponding fraction of 0.1, a triple emulsion was obtained with the Janus emulsion forming a drop inside the vegetable oil to give a double Janus emulsion, (VO + SO)/W/VO, which in turn formed drops in the silicone oil resulting in a triple Janus emulsion (VO + SO)/W/VO/SO. Increasing the aqueous-phase fraction from 0.1 to 0.3 consequently meant an inversion, of which one intermediate stage was observed: a more complex configuration, e.g., one in which large SO drops with highly distorted VO drops attached were dispersed in a regular aqueous emulsion with spherical Janus (VO + SO) drops. A preliminary investigation was made into the destabilization process of the triple emulsions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hida Hasinovic
- Ashland Consumer Markets, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wei D, Ge L, Friberg SE, Guo R. Viscosity Variation During Evaporation of a Vegetable Oil Emulsion Stabilized by Tween 80 R. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/01932690903543238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
23
|
Ferreira MRA, Santiago RR, de Souza TP, Egito EST, Oliveira EE, Soares LAL. Development and evaluation of emulsions from Carapa guianensis (Andiroba) oil. AAPS PharmSciTech 2010; 11:1383-90. [PMID: 20824515 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9491-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Carapa guianensis, a popular medicinal plant known as "Andiroba" in Brazil, has been used in traditional medicine as an insect repellent and anti-inflammatory product. Additionally, this seed oil has been reported in the literature as a repellent against Aedes aegypti. The aim of this work is to report on the emulsification of vegetable oils such as "Andiroba" oil by using a blend of nonionic surfactants (Span 80® and Tween 20®), using the critical hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) and pseudo-ternary diagram as tools to evaluate the system's stability. The emulsions were prepared by the inverse phase method. Several formulations were made according to a HLB spreadsheet design (from 4.3 to 16.7), and the products were stored at 25°C and 4°C. The emulsion stabilities were tested both long- and short-term, and the more stable one was used for the pseudo-ternary diagram study. The emulsions were successfully obtained by a couple of surfactants, and the HLB analysis showed that the required HLB of the oil was 16.7. To conclude, the pseudo-ternary diagram identified several characteristic regions such as emulsion, micro-emulsion, and separation of phases.
Collapse
|
24
|
Andrade FF, Santos ODH, Oliveira WP, Rocha-Filho PA. Influence of PEG-12 Dimethicone addition on stability and formation of emulsions containing liquid crystal. Int J Cosmet Sci 2010; 29:211-8. [PMID: 18489351 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2494.2007.00374.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oil/water emulsions, containing liquid crystals, were developed employing Andiroba oil, PEG-12 Dimethicone and Crodafos CES. It was evaluated the influence of silicone surfactants on the emulsions stability and on the formation of liquid crystalline phases and therefore, physicochemical characteristics, such as rheology and zeta potential, were evaluated. Emulsions were prepared by the emulsions phase inversion method. All the formulations presented lamellar liquid crystalline phases. The PEG-12 Dimethicone addition did not change microscopically the liquid crystalline phases. The emulsions containing silicone demonstrated lower viscosity than those without the additive. This is an important feature, as the silicone did not change the rheological profile; however, the addition of silicone still can be used as a viscosity controller. The formulations had their viscosity increased 15 and 150 days after their preparation. This characteristic shows that the emulsions have their organization increased along the storing time. In the analysis of zeta potential, we could verify that all formulations presented negative values between -39.7 and -70.0 mV. Within this range of values, the emulsion physical stability is high (Fig. 10). It was concluded that the addition of PEG-12 Dimethicone kept the liquid crystalline phase of the emulsion obtained with Crodafos CES, influencing in a positive way in the system stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F F Andrade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Prestes PS, Chorilli M, Chiavacci LA, Scarpa MV, Leonardi GR. Physicochemical Characterization and Rheological Behavior Evaluation of the Liquid Crystalline Mesophases Developed with Different Silicones. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/01932690903123841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
26
|
Morais JM, Santos ODH, Nunes JRL, Zanatta CF, Rocha‐Filho PA. W/O/W Multiple Emulsions Obtained by One‐Step Emulsification Method and Evaluation of the Involved Variables. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/01932690701688391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
27
|
dos Santos ODH, de Camargo MFP, de Andrade FF, da Rocha Filho PA. Study of Liquid‐Crystalline Phase Changes during Evaporation in Vegetable Oil Emulsions. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01932690600767023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|