1
|
Cui H, Li H, Zhang M, Li H, Wang X, Wang Z, Zhai W, Chen X, Cheng H, Xu J, Zhao X, Ding Z. Molecular Characterization, Expression, Evolutionary Selection, and Biological Activity Analysis of CD68 Gene from Megalobrama amblycephala. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13133. [PMID: 36361921 PMCID: PMC9656401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CD68 is a highly glycosylated transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein family and is involved in various immune processes. In this study, Megalobrama amblycephala CD68 (MaCD68) was cloned and characterized, and its expression patterns and evolutionary characteristics were analyzed. The coding region of MaCD68 was 987 bp, encoding 328 amino acids, and the predicted protein molecular weight was 34.9 kDa. MaCD68 contained two transmembrane helical structures and 18 predicted N-glycosylation sites. Multiple sequence alignments showed that the MaCD68 protein had high homology with other fish, and their functional sites were also highly conserved. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that MaCD68 and other cypriniformes fish clustered into one branch. Adaptive evolution analysis identified several positively selected sites of teleost CD68 using site and branch-site models, indicating that it was under positive selection pressure during evolution. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that MaCD68 was highly expressed in the head kidney, spleen, and heart. After Aeromonas hydrophila infection, MaCD68 was significantly upregulated in all tested tissues, peaking at 12 h post-infection (hpi) in the kidney and head kidney and at 120 hpi in the liver and spleen, suggesting that MaCD68 participated in the innate immune response of the host against bacterial infection. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analyses also showed that positive signals derived from the MaCD68 protein were further enhanced after bacterial and lipopolysaccharide treatment, which suggested that MaCD68 is involved in the immune response and could be used as a macrophage marker. Biological activity analysis indicated that recombinant MaCD68 (rMaCD68) protein had no agglutination or bactericidal effects on A. hydrophila but did have these effects on Escherichia coli. In conclusion, these results suggest that MaCD68 plays a vital role in the immune response against pathogens, which is helpful in understanding the immune responses and mechanisms of M. amblycephala.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hujun Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Hong Li
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China
| | - Minying Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Hongping Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Zirui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Wei Zhai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xiangning Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Hanliang Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Jianhe Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xiaoheng Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Zhujin Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
do Vale A, Costa-Ramos C, Silva A, Silva DSP, Gärtner F, dos Santos NMS, Silva MT. Systemic macrophage and neutrophil destruction by secondary necrosis induced by a bacterial exotoxin in a Gram-negative septicaemia. Cell Microbiol 2007; 9:988-1003. [PMID: 17381431 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2006.00846.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial modulation of phagocyte cell death is an emerging theme in pathogenesis. Here we describe the systemic destruction of macrophages and neutrophils by the Gram-negative Photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida (Phdp) in fish pasteurellosis, a deadly systemic infection. Following experimental inoculation, Phdp spreads by bacteraemia and colonizes the organs, producing a septicaemic infection, and secretes the apoptogenic exotoxin AIP56 which is systemically disseminated. In experimental and natural pasteurellosis, destruction of macrophages and neutrophils by secondary necrosis following caspase-3-associated apoptosis was seen predominantly in the spleen, head kidney and gut lamina propria. Identical phagocyte destruction occurred after injection of rAIP56, but not of heat-inactivated rAIP56, or AIP56-negative Phdp strains, indicating that AIP56 is responsible for phagocyte destruction occurring in pasteurellosis. Active caspase-3 and active neutrophil elastase are present in the blood in advanced infection, indicating that phagocyte lysis by secondary necrosis is accompanied by release of tissue-damaging molecules. The AIP56-induced lysis of phagocytes represents a very efficient, self-amplifying etiopathogenic mechanism, because it results in two effects that operate in concert against the host, namely, evasion of the pathogen from a crucial defence mechanism through the destruction of both professional phagocytes, and release of tissue-damaging molecules. The induction by a bacterial exotoxin of in vivo systemic lysis of both professional phagocytes by secondary necrosis, now described for the first time, may represent an overlooked etiopathogenic mechanism operating in other infections of vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana do Vale
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|