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Törmänen S, Lakkisto P, Eräranta A, Kööbi P, Tikkanen I, Niemelä O, Mustonen J, Pörsti I. Unfavorable Reduction in the Ratio of Endothelin B to A Receptors in Experimental 5/6 Nephrectomy and Adenine Models of Chronic Renal Insufficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030936. [PMID: 32023824 PMCID: PMC7037353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) is characterized by increased endothelin 1 (ET-1) synthesis. We studied rat kidney endothelin receptor A (ETA) and receptor B (ETB) expressions after 12 and 27 weeks of 5/6 nephrectomy, and after 12 weeks of 0.3% adenine diet, representing proteinuric and interstitial inflammation models of CRI, respectively. Uric acid and calcium-phosphate metabolism were modulated after 5/6 nephrectomy, while ETA blocker and calcimimetic were given with adenine. Endothelin receptor mRNA levels were measured using RT-qPCR and protein levels using autoradiography (5/6 nephrectomy) or ELISA (adenine model). Both 12 and 27 weeks after 5/6 nephrectomy, kidney cortex ETA protein was increased by ~60% without changes in ETB protein, and the ETB:ETA ratio was reduced. However, the ETB:ETA mRNA ratio did not change. In the adenine model, kidney ETA protein was reduced by ~70%, while ETB protein was suppressed by ~95%, and the ETB:ETA ratio was reduced by ~85%, both at the protein and mRNA levels. The additional interventions did not influence the observed reductions in the ETB:ETA ratio. To conclude, unfavorable reduction in the ETB:ETA protein ratio was observed in two different models of CRI. Therefore, ETA blockade may be beneficial in a range of diseases that cause impaired kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Törmänen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Päivi Lakkisto
- Minerva Institute for Medical Research, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arttu Eräranta
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Peeter Kööbi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Eye Centre, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilkka Tikkanen
- Minerva Institute for Medical Research, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Onni Niemelä
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Jukka Mustonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilkka Pörsti
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-331-166-010
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Neuhofer W, Pittrow D. Endothelin receptor selectivity in chronic kidney disease: rationale and review of recent evidence. Eur J Clin Invest 2009; 39 Suppl 2:50-67. [PMID: 19335747 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2009.02121.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endothelin (ET) is a potent vasoconstrictory peptide with proinflammatory and profibrotic properties that exerts its biological effects through two pharmacologically distinct receptor subtypes, namely ET(A) and ET(B). In addition to its substantial contribution to normal renal function, a large body of evidence suggests that derangement of the renal ET system is involved in the initiation and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in diabetes, hypertension and glomerulonephritis. Thus, the use of ET receptor antagonists (ERAs) may offer potential novel treatment strategies in CKD. Recent literature on the role of the renal ET system in the healthy kidney was reviewed. In addition, an unbiased PubMed search was performed for studies published during the last 5 years that addressed the effects of ERAs in CKD. A particular objective was to extract information regarding whether selective or nonselective ERAs may have therapeutic potential in humans. ET-1 acts primarily as an autocrine or paracrine factor in the kidney. In normal physiology, ET-1 promotes diuresis and natriuresis by local production and action through ET(B) receptors in the renal medulla. In pathology, ET-1 mediates vasoconstriction, mesangial-cell proliferation, extracellular matrix production and inflammation, effects that are primarily conveyed by ET(A) receptors. Results obtained in animal models and in humans with the use of ERAs in CKD are encouraging; nevertheless, it is still under debate which receptor subtype should be targeted. According to most studies, selective inhibition of ET(A) receptors appears superior compared with nonselective ERAs because this approach does not interfere with the natriuretic, antihypertensive and ET clearance effects of ET(B) receptors. Although preliminary data in humans are promising, the potential role of ERAs in patients with CKD and the question of which receptor subtype should be targeted can only be clarified in randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Neuhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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