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Orimolade BO, Oladipo AO, Idris AO, Usisipho F, Azizi S, Maaza M, Lebelo SL, Mamba BB. Advancements in electrochemical technologies for the removal of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in wastewater: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163522. [PMID: 37068672 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, the need to make water safer and cleaner through the elimination of recalcitrant pharmaceutical residues has been the aim of many studies. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, enrofloxacin, and levofloxacin are among the commonly detected pharmaceuticals in wastewater. Since the presence of these pharmaceuticals in water bodies poses serious risks to living organisms, it is vital to adopt effective wastewater treatment techniques for their complete removal. Electrochemical technologies such as photoelectrocatalysis, electro-Fenton, electrocoagulation, and electrochemical oxidation have been established as techniques capable of the complete removal of organics including pharmaceuticals from wastewater. Hence, this review presents discussions on the recent progress (literature within 2018-2022) in the applications of common electrochemical processes for the degradation of fluoroquinolone antibiotics from wastewater. The fundamentals of these processes are highlighted while the results obtained using the processes are critically discussed. Furthermore, the inherent advantages and limitations of these processes in the mineralization of fluoroquinolone antibiotics are clearly emphasized. Additionally, appropriate recommendations are made toward improving electrochemical technologies for the complete removal of these pharmaceuticals with minimal energy consumption. Therefore, this review will serve as a bedrock for future researchers concerned with wastewater treatments to make informed decisions in the selection of suitable electrochemical techniques for the removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin O Orimolade
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida Science Campus, 1709 Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Adewale O Oladipo
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X06, Florida 1710, South Africa
| | - Azeez O Idris
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology College of Graduates Studies, University of South Africa, Pretoria 392, South Africa; Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation, Somerset West 7129, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Feleni Usisipho
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida Science Campus, 1709 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shohreh Azizi
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology College of Graduates Studies, University of South Africa, Pretoria 392, South Africa; Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation, Somerset West 7129, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Malik Maaza
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology College of Graduates Studies, University of South Africa, Pretoria 392, South Africa; Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation, Somerset West 7129, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Sogolo L Lebelo
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X06, Florida 1710, South Africa
| | - Bhekie B Mamba
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida Science Campus, 1709 Johannesburg, South Africa
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Morlock GE, Morlock JA, Cardak AD, Mehl A. Potential of simple, rapid, and non-target planar bioassay screening of veterinary drug residues. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1679:463392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Raman-based detection of ciprofloxacin and its degradation in pharmaceutical formulations. Talanta 2022; 250:123719. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Sureshkumar V, Sarathchandra G. A HPTLC-Fluorescent Densitometry Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin in Broiler Chicken Tissues. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-1077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Parpounas A, Litskas V, Hapeshi E, Michael C, Fatta-Kassinos D. Assessing the presence of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in piggery wastewater and their adsorption behaviour onto solid materials, with a newly developed chromatographic method. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:23371-23381. [PMID: 28842853 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9849-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Veterinary antibiotics could enter the environment after the application of manure or farm wastewater on soil as fertilizer. In this study, a UPLC-MS/MS analytical method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of enrofloxacin (ENR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) at environmental relevant concentrations in piggery wastewater, piggery wastewater solids, agricultural soil and ground water with good performance characteristics. The method recovery for ENR and CIP was 94.2 and 89.9% in the filtered piggery wastewater, 81.3 and 82% in the wastewater solid material, 78.1 and 76.8% in the soil and 95.6 and 97.3% in the ground water. The Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantification (LOQ) for ENR were 21 and 64 ng L-1 and for CIP was 18 and 54 ng L-1, respectively. The method was implemented to monitor ENR and CIP in the wastewater of a piggery facility in Cyprus which applied anaerobic treatment before the final disposal of the reclaimed water. The highest antibiotic concentrations were measured in the wastewater samples collected from the nursery, where ENR is continuously used, with average concentration 31.4 μg L-1 for ENR and 16.0 μg L-1 for CIP. After the anaerobic digester, the two antibiotics were found only on the solid matter of the treated wastewater with an average concentration of 1.7 μg kg-1 for ENR and 1.0 μg kg-1 for CIP. The antibiotics adsorption at pH = 7 on clay soil, quartz sand and on solid matter isolated from the piggery wastewater was found to be higher than 95% for all solid materials. The concentration of the antibiotics in soil samples taken from a field where reclaimed piggery wastewater was applied for 10 years and in samples of groundwater from a nearby well was found for all samples below the LOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Parpounas
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Nireas, International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Vassilis Litskas
- Nireas, International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Evroula Hapeshi
- Nireas, International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Costas Michael
- Nireas, International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Despo Fatta-Kassinos
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus.
- Nireas, International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Krzek J, Żuromska-Witek B, Hubicka U, Kaczmarska M. Chromatographic-Densitometric Analysis of Chosen Fluoroquinolones on TLC Plates Using Mobile Phases with Different Viscosity. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2015.1028290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Krzek
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Żuromska-Witek
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Urszula Hubicka
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Kaczmarska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Khattab F, Salem H, Riad S, Elbalkiny H. Determination of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in industrial wastewater by high-pressure liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography-densitometric methods. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.27.2014.4.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Elgorashe REE, Idris AM, Abdelrahman MA, Saeed AEM. Facile assay method for norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin by sequential injection chromatography. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.26.2014.2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chen Y, Schwack W. Planar chromatography mediated screening of tetracycline and fluoroquinolone antibiotics in milk by fluorescence and mass selective detection. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1312:143-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Nyamweru B, Kaale E, Manyanga V, Chambuso M, Layloff T. Development and validation of a thin-layer chromatographic-densitometric method for the analysis of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride tablets. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2013. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.26.2013.4.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hubicka U, Żuromska-Witek B, Żmudzki P, Matwiej B, Krzek J. THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH DENSITOMETRY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF DIFLOXACIN AND ITS PHOTODEGRADATION PRODUCTS. KINETIC EVALUATION OF THE DEGRADATION PROCESS AND IDENTIFICATION OF PHOTOPRODUCTS BY MASS SPECTROMETRY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.790768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Hubicka
- a Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy , Kraków , Poland
| | - Barbara Żuromska-Witek
- a Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy , Kraków , Poland
| | - Paweł Żmudzki
- b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy , Kraków , Poland
| | - Barbara Matwiej
- a Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy , Kraków , Poland
| | - Jan Krzek
- a Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy , Kraków , Poland
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Choma IM, Choma A, Komaniecka I, Pilorz K, Staszczuk K. Semiquantitative Estimation of Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin by Thin‐Layer Chromatography–Direct Bioautography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120039419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. M. Choma
- a Department of Chemical Physics and Physicochemical Separation Methods , M. Curie‐Skłodowska University , M. Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20‐031 , Lublin , Poland
| | - A. Choma
- b Department of General Microbiology , M. Curie‐Skłodowska University , Lublin , Poland
| | - I. Komaniecka
- b Department of General Microbiology , M. Curie‐Skłodowska University , Lublin , Poland
| | - K. Pilorz
- a Department of Chemical Physics and Physicochemical Separation Methods , M. Curie‐Skłodowska University , M. Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20‐031 , Lublin , Poland
| | - K. Staszczuk
- a Department of Chemical Physics and Physicochemical Separation Methods , M. Curie‐Skłodowska University , M. Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20‐031 , Lublin , Poland
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Schmidt B, Schumacher-Buffel R, Thiede B, Schäffer A. Synthesis of [1-15N,2-13C]-labeled difloxacin. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-009-0158-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Christodoulou EA, Samanidou VF, Papadoyannis IN. Development and validation of an HPLC confirmatory method for residue analysis of ten quinolones in tissues of various food-producing animals, according to the European Union Decision 2002/657/EC. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:2676-86. [PMID: 17763524 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of ten quinolones: enoxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, sarafloxacin, oxolinic acid, nalidixic acid, and flumequine, in various tissues of food-producing animals. Separation was achieved on a PerfectSil Target column (250 mm x 4 mm, ODS-3, 5 microm), by MZ-Analysentechnik (Germany), at room temperature. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% TFA-CH(3)OH-CH(3)CN and was delivered by a gradient program of 35 min. The detection and quantitation was performed on a photodiode array detector at 275 and 255 nm. Caffeine (7.5 ng/microL) was used as the internal standard (IS). Analytes were isolated from tissue samples by 0.1% methanolic TFA solution. SPE, using LiChrolut RP-18 cartridges, was applied for further purification. The extraction protocol was optimized and the final recoveries varied between 92.0 and 107.4%. The method was fully validated according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Limits of quantitation for the examined quinolones extracted from each tissue were much lower than the respective Maximum Residue Levels, ranging between 30 and 50 microg/kg for bovine tissue, between 30 and 55 microg/kg for ovine tissue, and between 40 and 50 microg/kg for porcine tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni A Christodoulou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Choma IM. Thin‐Layer Chromatography‐Direct Bioautography of Flumequine Residues in Milk. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070600759942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. M. Choma
- a Department of Chromatographic Methods , M. Curie‐Skłodowska University , Lublin, Poland
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Choma I, Komaniecka I. Matrix Solid‐Phase Dispersion Combined with Thin‐Layer Chromatography–Direct Bioautography for Determination of Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin Residues in Milk. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070500189406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irena Choma
- a Department of Chromatographic Methods , M. Curie‐Skłodowska University , Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Komaniecka
- b Department of General Microbiology , M. Curie‐Skłodowska University , Lublin, Poland
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Sukul P, Spiteller M. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics in the environment. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2007; 191:131-62. [PMID: 17708074 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-69163-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are used in large amounts for human and animal medical care. They are excreted as parent compound, as conjugates, or as oxidation, hydroxylation, dealkylation, or decarboxylation products of the parent compound. A considerable amount of FQs and their metabolites may reach the soil as constituents of urine, feces, or manure. The residues of FQs in foods of animal origin may pose hazards to consumers through emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. FQs bind strongly to topsoil, reducing the threat of surface water and groundwater contamination. The strong binding of FQs to soil and sediments delays their biodegradation and explains the recalcitrance of FQs. Wastewater treatment is an efficient elimination step (79%-87% removal) for FQs before they enter rivers. FQs are susceptible to photodegradation in aqueous medium, involving oxidation, dealkylation, and cleavage of the piperazine ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premasis Sukul
- Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, University of Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
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Choma I. Screening of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin residues in milk by HPLC and by TLC with direct bioautography. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2006. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.19.2006.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Samanidou VF, Christodoulou EA, Papadoyannis IN. Determination of fluoroquinolones in edible animal tissue samples by high performance liquid chromatography after solid phase extraction. J Sep Sci 2005; 28:555-65. [PMID: 15881086 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200401910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, a rapid, accurate, and sensitive method has been developed for the quantitative determination of five fluoroquinolones (enoxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin) in edible animal tissues (muscle tissue, liver, kidney, and eggs). The separation was accomplished on an Inertsil (250 x 4 mm) C8, 5 microm, analytical column, at ambient temperature within 15 min. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of citric acid (0.4 mol L(-1))-CH3OH-CH3CN (87:9:4% v/v). UV detection at 275 nm yielded the following limits of detection: 100 pg per 20 microL injected volume for enoxacin, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, 20 pg for ofloxacin, and 200 pg for enrofloxacin. Peaks in real samples were identified by means of a photodiode array detector. The method was validated in terms of intra-day (n = 8) and inter-day (n = 8) precision and accuracy. Tissue samples were purified from endogenous interference by solid-phase extraction using Oasis HLB cartridges. The solid-phase extraction protocol was optimized in terms of retention and elution. Recovery rates at fortification levels of 40, 60, and 80 ng/g ranged from 82.5% to 111.1%. The applicability of the method was examined using real samples from a chicken treated orally with the five studied fluoroquinolones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria F Samanidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54 124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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