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Lin CW, Lin SX, Kankala RK, Busa P, Deng JP, Lue SI, Liu CL, Weng CF, Lee CH. Surface-functionalized layered double hydroxide nanocontainers as bile acid sequestrants for lowering hyperlipidemia. Int J Pharm 2020; 590:119921. [PMID: 33027632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The surface modification of two-dimensional (2D) nanocontainers with versatile chemical functionalities offers enormous advantages in medicine owing to their altered physicochemical properties. In this study, we demonstrate the fabrication of surface-functionalized layered double hydroxides (LDHs) towards their use as effective intestinal bile acid sequestrants. To demonstrate these aspects, the LDHs are initially modified with an amino silane, N1-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) diethylenetriamine (LDHs-N3),which, on the one hand, subsequently used for the fabrication of the dendrimer by repetitive immobilization of ethylene diamine using methyl acrylate as a spacer. On the other hand, these surface-functionalized LDHs are wrapped with an anionic enteric co-polymer to not only prevent the degradation but also increase the stability of these 2D nanoplates in an acidic environment of the stomach to explore the in vivo efficacy. In vitro cholic acid adsorption results showed that these surface-functionalized LDHs displayed tremendous adsorption ability of bile salt. Consequently, the bile salt adsorption results in vivo in mice confirmed that the enteric polymer-coated diethylenetriamine silane-modified LDHs, resulting in the reduced cholesterol by 8.2% in the high fat diet-fed mice compared to that of the oil treatment group with augmented 28% of cholesterol, which gained weight by 6.7% in 4 weeks. Notably, the relative organ (liver and kidney) weight analysis and the tissue section of histology results indicated that the modified LDHs showed high biocompatibility in vivo. Together, our findings validate that these surface-functionalized 2D nanoplates have great potential as effective intestinal bile acid sequestrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Wen Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Xiang Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan; College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Prabhakar Busa
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Pei Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-I Lue
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Lun Liu
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
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Haenle JC, Neidhardt MM, Beardsworth S, Kirres J, Baro A, Laschat S. Cyanobiphenyl versus Alkoxybiphenyl: Which Mesogenic Unit Governs the Mesomorphic Properties of Guanidinium Ionic Liquid Crystals? Aust J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/ch14376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A series of phenylguanidinium salts 3·X, which are linked via an alkoxy spacer either to a 4-decyloxy- or 4-cyano-substituted biphenyl mesogen, was prepared and the mesomorphism studied. A decyloxybiphenyl core and a spacer of at least C6 chain length were required for mesophase formation. Replacement of the chloride counterion by other anions like bromide or tetrafluoroborate improved the thermal stability of the mesophase. A comparison of substitution pattern (meta v. para) on the phenyl ring revealed decreased melting and clearing points for the bent cationic head group. All guanidinium ionic liquid crystals 3 displayed only smectic A (SmA) phases. A packing model is assumed where the molecules in a bilayer stack over each other in opposite direction with interdigitated terminal decyloxy groups and spacers.
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Mendonça PV, Serra AC, Silva CL, Simões S, Coelho JF. Polymeric bile acid sequestrants—Synthesis using conventional methods and new approaches based on “controlled”/living radical polymerization. Prog Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Dhal PK, Gianolio DA, Miller RJ. (Bio)polymeric Hydrogels as Therapeutic Agents. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2011.620418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Dhal PK, Polomoscanik SC, Avila LZ, Holmes-Farley SR, Miller RJ. Functional polymers as therapeutic agents: concept to market place. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2009; 61:1121-30. [PMID: 19682515 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 05/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biologically active synthetic polymers have received considerable scientific interest and attention in recent years for their potential as promising novel therapeutic agents to treat human diseases. Although a significant amount of research has been carried out involving polymer-linked drugs as targeted and sustained release drug delivery systems and prodrugs, examples on bioactive polymers that exhibit intrinsic therapeutic properties are relatively less. Several appealing characteristics of synthetic polymers including high molecular weight, molecular architecture, and controlled polydispersity can all be utilized to discover a new generation of therapies. For example, high molecular weight bioactive polymers can be restricted to gastrointestinal tract, where they can selectively recognize, bind, and remove target disease causing substances from the body. The appealing features of GI tract restriction and stability in biological environment render these polymeric drugs to be devoid of systemic toxicity that are generally associated with small molecule systemic drugs. The present article highlights recent developments in the rational design and synthesis of appropriate functional polymers that have resulted in a number of promising polymer based therapies and biomaterials, including some marketed products.
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