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Sebastian S, Rohila Y, Yadav E, Bhardwaj P, Sudheer Babu Y, Maruthi M, Ansari A, Gupta MK. Supramolecular Organo/hydrogel-Fabricated Long Alkyl Chain α-Amidoamides as a Smart Soft Material for pH-Responsive Curcumin Release. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:975-989. [PMID: 38189243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Low-molecular-mass gelators, due to their excellent biocompatibility, low toxicological profile, innate biodegradability and ease of fabrication have garnered significant interest as they self-assemble through non-covalent interactions. In this study, we have designed and synthesized a series of six α-amidoamides by varying the hydrophobic alkyl chain length (C12-C22), which were well characterized using different spectral techniques. These α-amidoamides formed self-assembled aggregates in a DMSO/water solvent system affording organo/hydrogels at 0.66% w/v, which is the minimum gelation concentration (MGC) making them as remarkable supergelators. The various functionalities present in these gelators such as amides and alkyl chain length pave the way toward excellent gelation mechanism through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interaction as evidenced from FTIR spectroscopy. Notably, as the chain length increased, organo/hydrogels became more thermally stable. Rheological results showed that the stability and strength of these gelators were considerably impacted by variations in chain length. The SEM morphology revealed dense sheet architectures of the organo/hydrogel samples. Organo/hydrogels have a significant impact on the advancement of innovative drug delivery systems that respond to various stimuli, ushering in a new era in pharmaceutical technology. Inspired by this, we encapsulated curcumin, a chemopreventive medication, into the gel core and further released via gel-to-sol transition induced by pH variation at 37 °C, without any alteration in structure-activity relationship. The drug release behavior was observed by UV-vis spectroscopy. Moreover, cell viability and cell invasion experiments demonstrate that the gel formulations exhibit high biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity. Among the tested formulations, 5e+Cur exhibited remarkable efficacy in controlling A549 cell migration, suggesting significant potential for applications in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharol Sebastian
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Yajat Rohila
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Eqvinshi Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Priya Bhardwaj
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana,India
| | - Yangala Sudheer Babu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana,India
| | - Mulaka Maruthi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana,India
| | - Azaj Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Manoj K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India
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Wahlsten A, Stracuzzi A, Lüchtefeld I, Restivo G, Lindenblatt N, Giampietro C, Ehret AE, Mazza E. Multiscale mechanical analysis of the elastic modulus of skin. Acta Biomater 2023; 170:155-168. [PMID: 37598792 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of the skin determine tissue function and regulate dermal cell behavior. Yet measuring these properties remains challenging, as evidenced by the large range of elastic moduli reported in the literature-from below one kPa to hundreds of MPa. Here, we reconcile these disparate results by dedicated experiments at both tissue and cellular length scales and by computational models considering the multiscale and multiphasic tissue structure. At the macroscopic tissue length scale, the collective behavior of the collagen fiber network under tension provides functional tissue stiffness, and its properties determine the corresponding elastic modulus (100-200 kPa). The compliant microscale environment (0.1-10 kPa), probed by atomic force microscopy, arises from the ground matrix without engaging the collagen fiber network. Our analysis indicates that indentation-based elasticity measurements, although probing tissue properties at the cell-relevant length scale, do not assess the deformation mechanisms activated by dermal cells when exerting traction forces on the extracellular matrix. Using dermal-equivalent collagen hydrogels, we demonstrate that indentation measurements of tissue stiffness do not correlate with the behavior of embedded dermal fibroblasts. These results provide a deeper understanding of tissue mechanics across length scales with important implications for skin mechanobiology and tissue engineering. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Measuring the mechanical properties of the skin is essential for understanding dermal cell mechanobiology and designing tissue-engineered skin substitutes. However, previous results reported for the elastic modulus of skin vary by six orders of magnitude. We show that two distinct deformation mechanisms, related to the tension-compression nonlinearity of the collagen fiber network, can explain the large variations in elastic moduli. Furthermore, we show that microscale indentation, which is frequently used to assess the stiffness perceived by cells, fails to engage the fiber network, and therefore cannot predict the behavior of dermal fibroblasts in stiffness-tunable fibrous hydrogels. This has important implications for how to measure and interpret the mechanical properties of soft tissues across length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Wahlsten
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Stracuzzi
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, Zurich 8092, Switzerland; Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Ines Lüchtefeld
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Gaetana Restivo
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Lindenblatt
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Costanza Giampietro
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, Zurich 8092, Switzerland; Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Alexander E Ehret
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, Zurich 8092, Switzerland; Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Mazza
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, Zurich 8092, Switzerland; Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland.
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Legay L, Budtova T, Buwalda S. Hyaluronic Acid Aerogels Made Via Freeze-Thaw-Induced Gelation. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4502-4509. [PMID: 37071924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The biodegradability, biocompatibility, and bioactivity of hyaluronic acid (HA), a natural polysaccharide, combined with the low density, high porosity, and high specific surface area of aerogels attract interest for biomedical applications such as wound dressings. In this work, physically cross-linked HA aerogels were prepared via the freeze-thaw (FT) induced gelation method, solvent exchange, and drying with supercritical CO2. The morphology and properties of HA aerogels (volume shrinkage, density, and specific surface area) were investigated as a function of several process parameters: HA concentration, solution pH, number of FT cycles, and type of nonsolvent used during solvent exchange. We demonstrate that the HA solution pH plays a key role in the aerogel formation, as not all conditions result in materials with high specific surface area. HA aerogels were of low density (<0.2 g/cm3), high specific surface area (up to 600 m2/g), and high porosity (≥90%). Scanning electron microscopy pictures revealed that HA aerogels present a porous structure with meso- and small macropores. The results show that HA aerogels are promising biomaterials with tunable properties and internal structure that offer high potential as, e.g., wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurianne Legay
- MINES Paris, PSL University, Center for Materials Forming, UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Tatiana Budtova
- MINES Paris, PSL University, Center for Materials Forming, UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Sytze Buwalda
- MINES Paris, PSL University, Center for Materials Forming, UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France
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Jansen-van Vuuren RD, Naficy S, Ramezani M, Cunningham M, Jessop P. CO 2-responsive gels. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:3470-3542. [PMID: 37128844 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00053a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
CO2-responsive materials undergo a change in chemical or physical properties in response to the introduction or removal of CO2. The use of CO2 as a stimulus is advantageous as it is abundant, benign, inexpensive, and it does not accumulate in a system. Many CO2-responsive materials have already been explored including polymers, latexes, surfactants, and catalysts. As a sub-set of CO2-responsive polymers, the study of CO2-responsive gels (insoluble, cross-linked polymers) is a unique discipline due to the unique set of changes in the gels brought about by CO2 such as swelling or a transformed morphology. In the past 15 years, CO2-responsive gels and self-assembled gels have been investigated for a variety of emerging potential applications, reported in 90 peer-reviewed publications. The two most widely exploited properties include the control of flow (fluids) via CO2-triggered aggregation and their capacity for reversible CO2 absorption-desorption, leading to applications in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) and CO2 sequestration, respectively. In this paper, we review the preparation, properties, and applications of these CO2-responsive gels, broadly classified by particle size as nanogels, microgels, aerogels, and macrogels. We have included a section on CO2-induced self-assembled gels (including poly(ionic liquid) gels).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross D Jansen-van Vuuren
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sina Naficy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Centre for Excellence in Advanced Food Enginomics (CAFE), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Maedeh Ramezani
- Department of Chemistry, Chernoff Hall, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7K 2N1, Canada.
| | - Michael Cunningham
- Department of Engineering, Dupuis Hall, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Philip Jessop
- Department of Chemistry, Chernoff Hall, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7K 2N1, Canada.
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Polanowski P, Jeszka JK, Matyjaszewski K. Crosslinking and Gelation of Polymer Brushes and Free Polymer Chains in a Confined Space during Controlled Radical Polymerization─A Computer Simulation Study. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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6
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Siemons N, Pearce D, Cendra C, Yu H, Tuladhar SM, Hallani RK, Sheelamanthula R, LeCroy GS, Siemons L, White AJP, McCulloch I, Salleo A, Frost JM, Giovannitti A, Nelson J. Impact of Side-Chain Hydrophilicity on Packing, Swelling, and Ion Interactions in Oxy-Bithiophene Semiconductors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2204258. [PMID: 35946142 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exchanging hydrophobic alkyl-based side chains to hydrophilic glycol-based side chains is a widely adopted method for improving mixed-transport device performance, despite the impact on solid-state packing and polymer-electrolyte interactions being poorly understood. Presented here is a molecular dynamics (MD) force field for modeling alkoxylated and glycolated polythiophenes. The force field is validated against known packing motifs for their monomer crystals. MD simulations, coupled with X-ray diffraction (XRD), show that alkoxylated polythiophenes will pack with a "tilted stack" and straight interdigitating side chains, whilst their glycolated counterpart will pack with a "deflected stack" and an s-bend side-chain configuration. MD simulations reveal water penetration pathways into the alkoxylated and glycolated crystals-through the π-stack and through the lamellar stack respectively. Finally, the two distinct ways triethylene glycol polymers can bind to cations are revealed, showing the formation of a metastable single bound state, or an energetically deep double bound state, both with a strong side-chain length dependence. The minimum energy pathways for the formation of the chelates are identified, showing the physical process through which cations can bind to one or two side chains of a glycolated polythiophene, with consequences for ion transport in bithiophene semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Siemons
- Department of Physics, Imperial College, London, Exhibition Rd, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Drew Pearce
- Department of Physics, Imperial College, London, Exhibition Rd, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Camila Cendra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hang Yu
- Department of Physics, Imperial College, London, Exhibition Rd, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sachetan M Tuladhar
- Department of Physics, Imperial College, London, Exhibition Rd, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Rawad K Hallani
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajendar Sheelamanthula
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Garrett S LeCroy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lucas Siemons
- Structural biology of cells and viruses laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Andrew J P White
- Chemical Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Alberto Salleo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jarvist M Frost
- Department of Physics, Imperial College, London, Exhibition Rd, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alexander Giovannitti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jenny Nelson
- Department of Physics, Imperial College, London, Exhibition Rd, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Li F, Yu Y, Lv H, Wan Y, Gao X, Li Y, Zhang Y. Exploiting PET-RAFT polymerization mediated by cross-linked zinc porphyrins for the thermo-sensitive regulation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-b-acrylamide). Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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8
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Sagar S, Alturki A, Farhan M, Bahadar A, Hossain N. Synergistic influence of tetraethyl orthosilicate crosslinker on mixed matrix hydrogels. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-022-02606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHydrogel is a 3D framework of hydrophilic polymeric material that quickly absorbs and retains a huge amount of water (or other fluid) and offers versatile functionality. A series of unique carboxymethyl cellulose/Xanthan gum/polyvinyl alcohol (CXP) blended hydrogels, containing both the natural and synthetic polymers, were prepared by following the blending and casting approach. The polymers were incorporated through chemical crosslinking by tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). The fabricated hydrogels showed all required features: non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and improved mechanical strength. The addition and variation in TEOS (crosslinker) significantly impacted the key characteristics of CXP hydrogel. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed the porous structure and indicated that the pore's size and intensity were reduced with the surge in TEOS content. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results confirmed the successful incorporation of various polymeric strands through crosslinking by TEOS. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) highlighted the greater stability of all the hydrogels over high temperatures. The crosslinked hydrogel displayed higher thermal resilience than the uncross-linked one. The differential thermal analysis (DTA) also confirmed that the addition of TEOS content drastically enhanced the thermal endurance of crosslinked hydrogels in comparison with the neat hydrogel. All the specimens exhibited good swelling ability in distilled water during the swelling studies. This study also reflected that the addition of crosslinker in a limited amount (50 µL) has significantly enhanced the swelling but further increase in concentration hindered the water uptake. The swelling response of blends towards pH revealed low swelling of films in acidic and basic pH, but maximal swelling in neutral media. This unique pH response of hydrogels at neutral pH along with the biocompatibility made them suitable for injectable managed drug carrier.
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Diehl F, Hageneder S, Fossati S, Auer SK, Dostalek J, Jonas U. Plasmonic nanomaterials with responsive polymer hydrogels for sensing and actuation. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3926-3963. [PMID: 35471654 PMCID: PMC9126188 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01083b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanomaterials have become an integral part of numerous technologies, where they provide important functionalities spanning from extraction and harvesting of light in thin film optical devices to probing of molecular species and their interactions on biochip surfaces. More recently, we witness increasing research efforts devoted to a new class of plasmonic nanomaterials that allow for on-demand tuning of their properties by combining metallic nanostructures and responsive hydrogels. This review addresses this recently emerged vibrant field, which holds potential to expand the spectrum of possible applications and deliver functions that cannot be achieved by separate research in each of the respective fields. It aims at providing an overview of key principles, design rules, and current implementations of both responsive hydrogels and metallic nanostructures. We discuss important aspects that capitalize on the combination of responsive polymer networks with plasmonic nanostructures to perform rapid mechanical actuation and actively controlled nanoscale confinement of light associated with resonant amplification of its intensity. The latest advances towards the implementation of such responsive plasmonic nanomaterials are presented, particularly covering the field of plasmonic biosensing that utilizes refractometric measurements as well as plasmon-enhanced optical spectroscopy readout, optically driven miniature soft actuators, and light-fueled micromachines operating in an environment resembling biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Diehl
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf Reichwein-Straße 2, 57074 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Simone Hageneder
- Biosensor Technologies, AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
| | - Stefan Fossati
- Biosensor Technologies, AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
| | - Simone K Auer
- Biosensor Technologies, AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
- CEST Competence Center for Electrochemical Surface Technologies, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Jakub Dostalek
- Biosensor Technologies, AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
- FZU-Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, Prague 182 21, Czech Republic
| | - Ulrich Jonas
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf Reichwein-Straße 2, 57074 Siegen, Germany.
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Choudhary H, Raghavan SR. Superfast-Expanding Porous Hydrogels: Pushing New Frontiers in Converting Chemical Potential into Useful Mechanical Work. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:13733-13742. [PMID: 35261243 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Superabsorbent polymer gels can absorb large amounts of water (100-1000× their dry weight). For the past 50 years, many scientists such as de Gennes have proposed to extract mechanical work from gel expansion/contraction, which could pave the way for "artificial muscles". However, slow rates of gel expansion have limited these efforts: macroscale (∼cm) gels take over 24 h to expand to their equilibrium size. Gels can be made to expand faster if their characteristic length scale is reduced, e.g., by making a macroscopic gel porous. Still, gels that are both superabsorbent and able to expand rapidly have not yet been realized. Here, we create gels at the macroscale (∼cm or larger) that are porous, highly robust, superabsorbent and expand much faster than any gels thus far. Our approach involves the in situ foaming of a monomer solution (acrylic acid and acrylamide) using a double-barreled syringe that has acid and base in its two barrels. Gas (CO2) is generated at the mixing tip of the syringe by the acid-base reaction, and gas bubbles are stabilized by an amphiphilic polymer in one of the barrels. The monomers are then polymerized by ultraviolet (UV) light to form the gel around the bubbles, and the material is dried under ambient conditions to give a porous solid. When this dry gel is added to water, it absorbs water at a rate of 20 g/g·s until an equilibrium is achieved at ∼300× its weight. In the process, each gel dimension increases by ∼20%/s until its final dimensions are more than 3× larger. Such rapid and appreciable expansion can be easily observed by the eye, and remarkably, the swollen gel is robust enough to be picked up by hand. SEM images reveal a porosity of >90% and an interconnected network of pores. The gels are responsive to pH, and a full cycle of expansion (in regular water) and contraction (at pH 10 or in ethanol) can be completed within about 60 s. We use gel expansion to rapidly lift weights against gravity, resulting in ∼0.4 mJ of work being done over 40 s, which translates to a power density of 260 mW/kg. This ability to harness the chemical potential energy from the gel to do useful mechanical work could enable new designs for mechano-chemical engines─and potentially for artificial muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema Choudhary
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Srinivasa R Raghavan
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Asada J, Usami N, Ota H, Watanabe M, Ueno K. Liquid Metal–Ionic Liquid Composite Gels for Soft, Mixed Electronic–Ionic Conductors. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juri Asada
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science Yokohama National University 79‐5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya‐ku Yokohama 240‐8501 Japan
| | - Natsuka Usami
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science Yokohama National University 79‐5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya‐ku Yokohama 240‐8501 Japan
| | - Hiroki Ota
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Yokohama National University 79‐5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya‐ku Yokohama 240‐8501 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Watanabe
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Centre (ACERC) Institute of Advanced Sciences Yokohama National University 79‐5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya‐ku Yokohama 240‐8501 Japan
| | - Kazuhide Ueno
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science Yokohama National University 79‐5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya‐ku Yokohama 240‐8501 Japan
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Centre (ACERC) Institute of Advanced Sciences Yokohama National University 79‐5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya‐ku Yokohama 240‐8501 Japan
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12
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Alpaslan D, Erşen Dudu T, Aktas N. Development of onion oil-based organo-hydrogel for drug delivery material. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2021.1974869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Alpaslan
- Engineering Faculty, Department of Chemical Engineering, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Tuba Erşen Dudu
- Engineering Faculty, Department of Chemical Engineering, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Nahit Aktas
- Engineering Faculty, Department of Chemical Engineering, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
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A garlic oil-based organo-hydrogel for use in pH-sensitive drug release. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021; 75:5759-5772. [PMID: 34230754 PMCID: PMC8252990 DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01760-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, six different organo-hydrogels containing agar-glycerol (AG)-based garlic oil (GO) were synthesized using two different crosslinkers (N,N, methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), glutaraldehyde (GA)) to ensure the controlled release of ceftriaxone (Ce) and carboplatin (Cp). Synthesized organo-hydrogels were characterized by FT-IR. Afterward, swelling behaviors were investigated in DI, tap water, ethanol, acetone, ethanol/DI water (1:1), acetone/DI water (1:1) and gasoline environments and different pH. As a result of hemolysis, blood clotting and antioxidant analysis, organo-hydrogels have been shown to have blood compatibility and antioxidant properties. Ce and Cp release properties of the prepared organo-hydrogels were also determined. The highest Ce release rate was obtained to be 37.8% for p (AG-g-GO)3 at pH 8.0 after 7 days. However, the highest Cp release rate was found to be 95.4% for p (AG-g-GO)3 at pH 7.4 after 1 day.
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Ersen Dudu T, Alpaslan D, Aktas N. Application of Poly (Agar-Co-Glycerol-Co-Sweet Almond Oil) Based Organo-Hydrogels as a Drug Delivery Material. JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT 2021; 30:483-493. [PMID: 34177399 PMCID: PMC8218294 DOI: 10.1007/s10924-021-02212-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, it was aimed to investigate the synthesis, characterization and drug release behaviors of organo-hydrogels containing pH-sensitive Agar (A), Glycerol (G), Sweet Almond oil (Wu et al. in J Mol Struct 882:107-115, 2008). Organo-hydrogels, which contained Agar, Glycerol and different amounts of Sweet Almond oil, were synthesized via the free-radical polymerization reaction with emulsion technique using glutaraldehyde or methylene bis acrylamide crosslinkers. Then, the degree of swelling, bond structures, blood compatibility and antioxidant properties of the synthesized organo-hydrogels were examined. In addition, Organo-hydrogels which loaded with Ceftriaxone and Oxaliplatin were synthesized with the same polymerization reaction and release kinetics were investigated. In vitro release studies were performed at media similar pH to gastric fluid (pH 2.0), skin surface (pH 5.5), blood fluid (pH 7.4) and intestinal fluid (pH 8.0), at 37 °C. The effects on release of crosslinker type and sweet almond oil amount were investigated. Kinetic parameters were determined using release results and these results were applied to zero and first-order equations and Korsmeyer-Peppas and Higuchi equations. Diffusion exponential was calculated for drug diffusion of organo-hydrogels and values consistent with release results were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Ersen Dudu
- Department of Mining Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Campus, Van, 65080 Turkey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Natural and Applied Science, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Campus, Van, 65080 Turkey
| | - Duygu Alpaslan
- Department of Mining Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Campus, Van, 65080 Turkey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Natural and Applied Science, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Campus, Van, 65080 Turkey
| | - Nahit Aktas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Natural and Applied Science, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Campus, Van, 65080 Turkey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
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15
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Alpaslan D, Ersen Dudu T, Aktas N. Evaluation of poly(agar-co-glycerol-co-castor oil) organo-hydrogel as a controlled release system carrier support material. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03777-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Terrell JA, Jones CG, Kabandana GKM, Chen C. From cells-on-a-chip to organs-on-a-chip: scaffolding materials for 3D cell culture in microfluidics. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:6667-6685. [PMID: 32567628 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00718h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is an emerging research area to integrate scaffolding materials in microfluidic devices for 3D cell culture (organs-on-a-chip). The technology of organs-on-a-chip holds the potential to obviate the gaps between pre-clinical and clinical studies. As accumulating evidence shows the importance of extracellular matrix in in vitro cell culture, significant efforts have been made to integrate 3D ECM/scaffolding materials in microfluidics. There are two families of materials that are commonly used for this purpose: hydrogels and electrospun fibers. In this review, we briefly discuss the properties of the materials, and focus on the various technologies to obtain the materials (e.g. extraction of collagen from animal tissues) and to include the materials in microfluidic devices. Challenges and potential solutions of the current materials and technologies were also thoroughly discussed. At the end, we provide a perspective on future efforts to make these technologies more translational to broadly benefit pharmaceutical and pathophysiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Terrell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 21250, MD, USA.
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17
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Aydınoğlu D. Robust superabsorbent p(MAPTAC) hydrogels with long physical cross-link junctions: synthesis, characterization and their performance for phosphate removal from wastewater. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2020-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIonic hydrogels with great water absorption capacity generally display poor mechanical strength that limits their use and narrows down their application areas. In this study, the new ionic hydrogel composed of poly (3-methacrylamido propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) crosslinked with N, N-methylenebisacrylamide and sulphate ions was synthesized to obtain the hydrogel formulation which exhibits both huge swelling capacity and high mechanical stability, simultaneously. The successively synthesized gels with this strategy achieved a swelling capacity of 270 g/g and a modulus increased up to 20.43 kPa, indicating that they have a great potential to use in applications in which the both properties are required. The gels carrying a great number of cationic sites were also found to have a high affinity to phosphate ions, attaining an sorption value of 370 mg/g gel and to exhibit pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir sorption isotherm models. The obtained results revealed that the new pMAPTAC gels have good potential for both phosphate sorption and high water uptake capacity without losing structural integrity owing to their enhanced mechanical strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demet Aydınoğlu
- Department of Food Processing, Yalova University, Armutlu Vocational School, Yalova, Turkey
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18
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Developing poly(Agar-co-Glycerol-co-Thyme Oil) based organo-hydrogels for the controlled drug release applications. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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19
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Vorobieva EV. Swelling of polyacrylamide-based hydrogel in aqueous solutions of low-molecular salts. DOKLADY OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF BELARUS 2020. [DOI: 10.29235/1561-8323-2020-64-3-293-299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The swelling kinetics of cross-linked polyacrylamide was studied depending on the composition of the external solution. It was shown that the polymer gel swelling during the transition from water to a potassium or sodium chloride solution and vice versa sharply decreases, then gradually increases. The swelling of gel in a solution of sodium chloride is higher than that of potassium chloride. In the equilibrium swollen gel, the concentration of salts in the gel phase is higher than in the external solution and increases with the transition from potassium chloride to sodium chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. V. Vorobieva
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
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20
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Bhattacharya S, Shunmugam R. Polymer based gels and their applications in remediation of dyes from textile effluents. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2020.1782229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayantani Bhattacharya
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, India
| | - Raja Shunmugam
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, India
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21
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Gargava A, Ahn S, Bentley WE, Raghavan SR. Rapid Electroformation of Biopolymer Gels in Prescribed Shapes and Patterns: A Simpler Alternative to 3-D Printing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:37103-37111. [PMID: 31566952 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the use of electric fields to rapidly form gels of the biopolymer alginate (Alg) in specific three-dimensional (3-D) shapes and patterns. In our approach, we start with a gel of the biopolymer agarose, which is thermoresponsive and hence can be molded into a specific shape. The agarose mold is then loaded with Ca2+ cations and placed in a beaker containing an Alg solution. The inner surface of the beaker is surrounded by aluminum foil (cathode), and a copper wire (anode) is stuck in the agarose mold. These are connected to a direct current (DC) power source, and when a potential of ∼10 V is applied, an Alg gel is formed in a shape that replicates the mold. Gelation occurs because the Ca2+ ions electrophoretically migrate away from the mold, whereupon they cross-link the Alg chains adjacent to the mold. At low Ca2+ (0.01 wt %), the Alg gel layer grows outward from the mold surface at a steady rate of about 0.8 mm/min, and the gel stops growing when the field is switched off. After a gel of desired thickness is formed, the agarose mold can be melted away to leave behind an Alg gel in a precise shape. Alg gels formed in this manner are transparent and robust. This process is particularly convenient to form Alg gels in the form of hollow tubes, including tubes with multiple concentric layers, each with a different payload. The technique is safe for encapsulation of biological species within a given Alg layer. We also create Alg gels in specific patterns by directing gel growth around selected regions. Overall, our technique enables lab-scale manufacturing of alginate gels in 3-D without the need for an expensive 3-D printer.
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22
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Zhang P, Zhao C, Zhao T, Liu M, Jiang L. Recent Advances in Bioinspired Gel Surfaces with Superwettability and Special Adhesion. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900996. [PMID: 31572647 PMCID: PMC6760469 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Engineering surface wettability is of great importance in academic research and practical applications. The exploration of hydrogel-based natural surfaces with superior properties has revealed new design principles of surface superwettability. Gels are composed of a cross-linked polymer network that traps numerous solvents through weak interactions. The natural fluidity of the trapped solvents confers the liquid-like property to gel surfaces, making them significantly different from solid surfaces. Bioinspired gel surfaces have shown promising applications in diverse fields. This work aims to summarize the fundamental understanding and emerging applications of bioinspired gel surfaces with superwettability and special adhesion. First, several typical hydrogel-based natural surfaces with superwettability and special adhesion are briefly introduced, followed by highlighting the unique properties and design principles of gel-based surfaces. Then, the superwettability and emerging applications of bioinspired gel surfaces, including liquid/liquid separation, antiadhesion of organisms and solids, and fabrication of thin polymer films, are presented in detail. Finally, an outlook on the future development of these novel gel surfaces is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of ChemistryBeihang UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Chuangqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of ChemistryBeihang UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of ChemistryBeihang UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of ChemistryBeihang UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
- International Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of ChemistryBeihang UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
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23
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Wahdat H, Gerst M, Rückel M, Möbius S, Adams J. Influence of Delayed, Ionic Polymer Cross-Linking on Film Formation Kinetics of Waterborne Adhesives. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hares Wahdat
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Matthias Gerst
- Advanced Materials & Systems Research, BASF SE, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Markus Rückel
- Advanced Materials & Systems Research, BASF SE, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Stephan Möbius
- Advanced Materials & Systems Research, BASF SE, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Jörg Adams
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
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24
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Thermo-responsive polysulfone membranes with good anti-fouling property modified by grafting random copolymers via surface-initiated eATRP. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Gharazi S, Zarket BC, DeMella KC, Raghavan SR. Nature-Inspired Hydrogels with Soft and Stiff Zones that Exhibit a 100-Fold Difference in Elastic Modulus. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:34664-34673. [PMID: 30265507 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many biological materials, such as the squid beak and the spinal disc, have a combination of stiff and soft parts with very different mechanical properties, for example, the elastic modulus (stiffness) of the stiffest part of the squid beak is about 100 times that of the softest part. Researchers have attempted to mimic such structures using hydrogels but have not succeeded in synthesizing bulk gels with such large variations in moduli. Here, we present a general approach that can be used to form hydrogels with two or more zones having appreciably different mechanical characters. For this purpose, we use a technique developed in our lab for creating hybrid hydrogels with distinct zones. For the soft zone of the gel, we form a polymer network using a conventional acrylic monomer [ N, N'-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA)] and with laponite (LAP) nanoparticles as the cross-linkers. For the stiff zone, we combine DMAA, LAP, and a methacrylated silica precursor ([3-(methacryloyloxy)-propyl]trimethoxy-silane). When this mixture is polymerized, nanoscale silica particles (∼300 nm in diameter) are formed, and these serve as additional cross-links between the polymer chains, making this network very stiff. The unique character of each zone is preserved in the hybrid gel, and different zones are covalently linked to each other, thereby ensuring robust interfaces. Rheological measurements show that the elastic modulus of the stiff zone can be more than 100 times that of the soft zone. This ratio of moduli is the highest reported to date in a single, continuous gel and is comparable to the ratio in the squid beak. We present different variations of our soft-stiff hybrid gels, including multizone cylinders and core-shell discs. Such soft-stiff gels could have utility in bioengineering, such as in interfacing stiff medical implants with soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salimeh Gharazi
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Brady C Zarket
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Kerry C DeMella
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Srinivasa R Raghavan
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
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26
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Zhu GP, Yao JF, Wu SH, Zhang XD. Actuation of adaptive liquid microlens droplet in microfluidic devices: A review. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:1148-1159. [PMID: 30255562 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A significant growth of research on adaptive liquid lens is achieved over the past decades, and the field is still attracting increasing attentions, focusing on the transition from the current stage to the commercialized stage. The challenges faced are not limited to fabrication, material, small tuning range in focal lengths, additional control systems, limitations in special actuation methods and so on. In addition, the use of external driving parts or systems induce extra problem on bulky appearance, high cost, low reliability etc. Therefore, adaptive liquid lens will be an interesting research focus in both microfluidics and optofluidics science. This review attempts to summarize and focus on the droplet profile deformation under different driving mechanisms in tunable liquid microlens as well as the application in cameras, cell phone and so on. The driving techniques are generally categorized in terms of mechanisms and driving sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Ping Zhu
- College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Feng Yao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Hua Wu
- College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Dong Zhang
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, P. R. China
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27
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Star PEG-based amphiphilic polymers: synthesis, characterization and swelling behaviors. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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28
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Ganguly S, Ray D, Das P, Maity PP, Mondal S, Aswal VK, Dhara S, Das NC. Mechanically robust dual responsive water dispersible-graphene based conductive elastomeric hydrogel for tunable pulsatile drug release. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 42:212-227. [PMID: 29429663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanohybrid hydrogels based on pristine graphene with enhanced toughness and dual responsive drug delivery feature is opening a new era for smart materials. Here pristine graphene hydrogels are synthesized by in situ free radical polymerization where graphene platelets are the nanobuiliding blocks to withstand external stress and shows reversible ductility. Such uniqueness is a mere reflection of rubber-like elasticity on the hydrogels. These nanobuilding blocks serve also the extensive physisorption which enhances the physical crosslinking inside the gel matrix. Besides the pH-responsive drug release features, these hydrogels are also implemented as a pulsatile drug delivery device. The electric responsive drug release behaviours are noticed and hypothesized by the formation of conducting network in the polyelectrolytic hydrogel matrix. The hydrogels are also tested as good biocompatibility and feasible cell-attachment during live-dead cell adhesion study. The drug release characteristics can also be tuned by adjusting the conducting filler loading into the gel matrix. As of our knowledge, this type of hydrogels with rubber-like consistency, high mechanical property, tunable and dual responsive drug delivery feature and very good human cell compatible is the first to report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Ganguly
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Debes Ray
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Poushali Das
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Priti Prasanna Maity
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Subhadip Mondal
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - V K Aswal
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Santanu Dhara
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Narayan Ch Das
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India; School of Nanoscience and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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29
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Raghavan SR, Fernandes NJ, Cipriano BH. Shape-Changing Tubular Hydrogels. Gels 2018; 4:E18. [PMID: 30674794 PMCID: PMC6318631 DOI: 10.3390/gels4010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the creation of hollow tubular hydrogels in which different zones along the length of the tube are composed of different gels. Our method to create these gels is adapted from a technique developed previously in our lab for creating solid hybrid hydrogels. The zones of our tubular gel are covalently bonded at the interfaces; as a result, these interfaces are highly robust. Consequently, the tube can be picked up, manipulated and stretched without suffering any damage. The hollow nature of these gels allows them to respond 2⁻30-fold faster to external stimuli compared to a solid gel of identical composition. We study the case where one zone of the hybrid tube is responsive to pH (due to the incorporation of an ionic monomer) while the other zones are not. Initially, the entire tube has the same diameter, but when pH is changed, the diameter of the pH-responsive zone alone increases (i.e., this zone bulges outward) while the other zones maintain their original diameter. The net result is a drastic change in the shape of the gel, and this can be reversed by reverting the pH to its original value. Similar localized changes in gel shape are shown for two other stimuli: temperature and solvent composition. Our study points the way for researchers to design three-dimensional soft objects that can reversibly change their shape in response to stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa R Raghavan
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Neville J Fernandes
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Bani H Cipriano
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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30
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Bassil M, El Haj Moussa G, El Tahchi M. Templating polyacrylamide hydrogel for interconnected microstructure and improved performance. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bassil
- LBMI, Department of Physics; Lebanese University - Faculty of Sciences 2, PO Box 90656; Jdeidet Lebanon
| | - Georges El Haj Moussa
- LBMI, Department of Physics; Lebanese University - Faculty of Sciences 2, PO Box 90656; Jdeidet Lebanon
| | - Mario El Tahchi
- LBMI, Department of Physics; Lebanese University - Faculty of Sciences 2, PO Box 90656; Jdeidet Lebanon
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California; Los Angeles, 570 Westwood plaza 90095 CA
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31
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Peng H, Wang S, Xu H, Dai G. Preparations, properties, and formation mechanism of novel cellulose hydrogel membrane based on ionic liquid. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huafeng Peng
- College of Material Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- College of Material Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
- China Textile Academy; Beijing 100025 China
| | - Hongyao Xu
- College of Material Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Guoliang Dai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
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32
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Godbole RV, Khabaz F, Khare R, Hedden RC. Swelling of Random Copolymer Networks in Pure and Mixed Solvents: Multi-Component Flory-Rehner Theory. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:7963-7977. [PMID: 28742358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b02194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A generalized extension of Flory-Rehner (FR) theory is derived to describe equilibrium swelling of polymer networks, including copolymers with two or more chemically distinct repeat units, in either pure or mixed solvents. The model is derived by equating the chemical potential of each solvent in the liquid and gel phases at equilibrium, while assuming the deformation of the network chains is affine. Simplifications of the model are derived for specific cases involving homopolymer networks, copolymer networks, pure solvents, and binary solvent mixtures. With reasonable assumptions, the number of polymer-solvent interaction parameters that must be determined by experiments can be reduced to two effective parameters (θ1 and θ2), which describe the net interactions between water/copolymer (θ1) and ethanol/copolymer (θ2), respectively. Experimental measurements of the swelling of random copolymer networks of n-butyl acrylate and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate in water, ethanol, and a 100 g/L ethanol/water mixture are utilized to validate the model. For a random copolymer network, θ1 and θ2 can be obtained by fitting the three-component FR model to equilibrium swelling data obtained in the pure solvents. Predicted solvent volume fractions for swelling in water-ethanol mixtures obtained by inserting fitted values of θ1 and θ2 into the four-component FR model are in reasonable agreement with experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutvik V Godbole
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Fardin Khabaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Rajesh Khare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Ronald C Hedden
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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33
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Zarket BC, Raghavan SR. Onion-like multilayered polymer capsules synthesized by a bioinspired inside-out technique. Nat Commun 2017; 8:193. [PMID: 28779112 PMCID: PMC5544678 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse structures in nature, such as the spinal disc and the onion have many concentric layers, and are created starting from the core and proceeding outwards. Here, we demonstrate an inside-out technique for creating multilayered polymer capsules. First, an initiator-loaded gel core is placed in a solution of monomer 1. The initiator diffuses outward and induces polymerization, leading to a shell of polymer 1. Thereafter, the core-shell structure is loaded with fresh initiator and placed in monomer 2, which causes a concentric shell of polymer 2 to form around the first shell. This process can be repeated to form multiple layers, each of a distinct polymer, and of controlled layer thickness. We show that these multilayered capsules can exhibit remarkable mechanical resilience as well as stimuli-responsive properties. The release of solutes from these capsules can be tailored to follow specific profiles depending on the chemistry and order of adjacent layers.Multiple concentric layers are present in a variety of structures present in nature, including the onion. Here, the authors show an inside-out strategy to synthesize multilayered polymer capsules, with different layers having specific composition and thereby specific responses to stimuli such as pH and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brady C Zarket
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Srinivasa R Raghavan
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA.
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34
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Sunaryono, Taufiq A, Mufti N, Hidayat N, Rugmai S, Soontaranon S, Putra EGR, Darminto. Analysis of Distribution of Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel Nanocrystalline by using SAXS Synchrotron. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/202/1/012041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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35
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Zhang C, Liu Z, Shi Z, Li T, Xu H, Ma X, Yin J, Tian M. Inspired by elastomers: fabrication of hydrogels with tunable properties and re-shaping ability via photo-crosslinking at a macromolecular level. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00053g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication of hydrogels with tunable properties and re-shaping abilityviaphoto-crosslinking at a macromolecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxu Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite Materials and Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite Materials and Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Zixing Shi
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite Materials and Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Tiantian Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite Materials and Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Hongjie Xu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite Materials and Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite Materials and Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Jie Yin
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite Materials and Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Ming Tian
- State Key Lab of Organic–Inorganic Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
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36
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Kozlovskaya V, Xue B, Kharlampieva E. Shape-Adaptable Polymeric Particles for Controlled Delivery. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kozlovskaya
- Chemistry Department and ‡Center for Nanomaterials
and Biointegration, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Bing Xue
- Chemistry Department and ‡Center for Nanomaterials
and Biointegration, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Eugenia Kharlampieva
- Chemistry Department and ‡Center for Nanomaterials
and Biointegration, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
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37
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Athas JC, Nguyen CP, Zarket BC, Gargava A, Nie Z, Raghavan SR. Enzyme-Triggered Folding of Hydrogels: Toward a Mimic of the Venus Flytrap. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:19066-19074. [PMID: 27404225 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b05024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
External triggers such as pH or temperature can induce hydrogels to swell or shrink rapidly. Recently, these triggers have also been used to alter the three-dimensional (3-D) shapes of gels: for example, a flat gel sheet can be induced to fold into a tube. Self-folding gels are reminiscent of natural structures such as the Venus flytrap, which folds its leaves to entrap its prey. They are also of interest for applications in sensing or microrobotics. However, to advance the utility of self-folding gels, the range of triggers needs to be expanded beyond the conventional ones. Toward this end, we have designed a class of gels that change shape in response to very low concentrations of specific biomolecules. The gels are hybrids of three different constituents: (A) polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA); (B) gelatin methacrylate-co-polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (GelMA-co-PEGDMA); and (C) N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA). The thin-film hybrid is constructed as a bilayer or sandwich of two layers, with an A/B layer (alternating strips of A and B) sandwiched above a layer of gel C. Initially, when this hybrid gel is placed in water, the C layer is much more swollen than the A/B layer. Despite the swelling mismatch, the sheet remains flat because the A/B layer is very stiff. When collagenase enzyme is added to the water, it cleaves the gelatin chains in B, thus reducing the stiffness of the A/B layer. As a result, the swollen C layer is able to fold over the A/B layer, causing the sheet to transform into a specific shape. The typical transition is from flat sheet to closed hollow tube, and the time scale for this transition decreases with increasing enzyme concentration. Shape transitions are induced by enzyme levels as low as 0.75 U/mL. Interestingly, a shape transition is also induced by adding the lysate of murine fibroblast cells, which contains enzymes from the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family at levels around 0.1 U/mL (MMPs are similar to collagenase in their ability to cleave gelatin). We further show that transitions from flat sheets to other shapes such as helices and pancakes can be engineered by altering the design pattern of the gel. Additionally, we have made a rudimentary analog of the Venus flytrap, with two flat gels ("leaves") flanking a central folding gel ("hinge"). When enzyme is added, the hinge bends and brings the leaves together, trapping objects in the middle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin C Athas
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Catherine P Nguyen
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Brady C Zarket
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Ankit Gargava
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Zhihong Nie
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Srinivasa R Raghavan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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38
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Nam C, Li H, Zhang G, Chung TCM. Petrogel: New Hydrocarbon (Oil) Absorbent Based on Polyolefin Polymers. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Changwoo Nam
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Houxiang Li
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - T. C. Mike Chung
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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39
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Gargava A, Arya C, Raghavan SR. Smart Hydrogel-Based Valves Inspired by the Stomata in Plants. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:18430-18438. [PMID: 27400459 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b04625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the design of hydrogels that can act as "smart" valves or membranes. Each hydrogel is engineered with a pore (about 1 cm long and <1 mm thick) that remains closed under ambient conditions but opens under specific conditions. Our design is inspired by the stomatal valves in plant leaves, which regulate the movement of water and gases in and out of the leaves. The design features two different gels, active and passive, which are attached concentrically to form a disc-shaped hybrid film. The pore is created in the central active gel, and the conditions for opening the pore can be tuned based on the chemistry of this gel. For example, if the active gel is made from N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA), the actuation of the pore depends on the temperature of water relative to 32 °C, which is the lower-critical solution temperature (LCST) of NIPA. The concentric design of our hybrid provides directionality to the volumetric transition of the active gel, i.e., it ensures that the pore opens as the active gel shrinks. In turn, contact with hot water (T > 32 °C) opens the pore and allows the water to pass through the gel. Conversely, the pore remains closed when the water is cold (T < 32 °C). The gel thereby acts as a "smart" valve that is able to regulate the flow of solvent depending on its properties. We have extended the concept to other stimuli that can cause gel-swelling transitions including solvent composition, pH, and light. Additionally, when two different gel-based valves are arranged in series, the assembly acts as a logical "AND" gate, i.e., water flows through the valve-combination only if it simultaneously satisfies two distinct conditions (such as its pH being below a critical value and its temperature being above a critical value).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Gargava
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742-2111, United States
| | - Chandamany Arya
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742-2111, United States
| | - Srinivasa R Raghavan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742-2111, United States
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40
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Fisher AL, Schollick JMH, Aarts DGAL, Grossel MC. Synthesis and gelation properties of poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline) based thermo-gels. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06781f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel thermo-gelling polymers based on poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s grafted onto a polar carboxymethylcellulose backbone gel are reported which have potential applications in areas such as drug delivery and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L. Fisher
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
- UK
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41
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Zhou M, Liu K, Qian X. A facile preparation of pH-temperature dual stimuli-responsive supramolecular hydrogel and its controllable drug release. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou 310014 China
| | - Kaiyue Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou 310014 China
| | - Xin Qian
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou 310014 China
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42
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Kozlovskaya V, Zavgorodnya O, Ankner JF, Kharlampieva E. Controlling Internal Organization of Multilayer Poly(methacrylic acid) Hydrogels with Polymer Molecular Weight. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John F. Ankner
- Spallation
Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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43
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Hydrogel Walkers with Electro-Driven Motility for Cargo Transport. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13622. [PMID: 26314786 PMCID: PMC4551975 DOI: 10.1038/srep13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, soft hydrogel walkers with electro-driven motility for cargo transport have been developed via a facile mould-assisted strategy. The hydrogel walkers consisting of polyanionic poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid-co-acrylamide) exhibit an arc looper-like shape with two “legs” for walking. The hydrogel walkers can reversibly bend and stretch via repeated “on/off” electro-triggers in electrolyte solution. Based on such bending/stretching behaviors, the hydrogel walkers can move their two “legs” to achieve one-directional walking motion on a rough surface via repeated “on/off” electro-triggering cycles. Moreover, the hydrogel walkers loaded with very heavy cargo also exhibit excellent walking motion for cargo transport. Such hydrogel systems create new opportunities for developing electro-controlled soft systems with simple design/fabrication strategies in the soft robotic field for remote manipulation and transportation.
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44
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Fox CH, ter Hurrne GM, Wojtecki RJ, Jones GO, Horn HW, Meijer EW, Frank CW, Hedrick JL, García JM. Supramolecular motifs in dynamic covalent PEG-hemiaminal organogels. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7417. [PMID: 26174864 PMCID: PMC4518264 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic covalent materials are stable materials that possess reversible behaviour triggered by stimuli such as light, redox conditions or temperature; whereas supramolecular crosslinks depend on the equilibrium constant and relative concentrations of crosslinks as a function of temperature. The combination of these two reversible chemistries can allow access to materials with unique properties. Here, we show that this combination of dynamic covalent and supramolecular chemistry can be used to prepare organogels comprising distinct networks. Two materials containing hemiaminal crosslink junctions were synthesized; one material is comprised of dynamic covalent junctions and the other contains hydrogen-bonding bis-hemiaminal moieties. Under specific network synthesis conditions, these materials exhibited self-healing behaviour. This work reports on both the molecular-level detail of hemiaminal crosslink junction formation as well as the macroscopic behaviour of hemiaminal dynamic covalent network (HDCN) elastomeric organogels. These materials have potential applications as elastomeric components in printable materials, cargo carriers and adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney H. Fox
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Gijs M. ter Hurrne
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Post Office Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Rudy J. Wojtecki
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, USA
| | - Gavin O. Jones
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, USA
| | - Hans W. Horn
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, USA
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Post Office Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Curtis W. Frank
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - James L. Hedrick
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, USA
| | - Jeannette M. García
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, USA
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45
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Zoetebier B, Hempenius MA, Vancso GJ. Redox-responsive organometallic hydrogels for in situ metal nanoparticle synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:636-9. [PMID: 25371054 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc06988a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new class of redox active hydrogels composed of poly(ferrocenylsilane) polyanion and poly(ethylene glycol) chains was assembled, using a copper-free azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition reaction. These organometallic hydrogels displayed reversible collapse and reswelling upon chemical oxidation and reduction, respectively, and formed relatively well-defined, unaggregated Pd(0) nanoparticles (8.2 ± 2.2 nm) from K2PdCl4 salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zoetebier
- Department of Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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46
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Yati I, Karadag K, Sonmez HB. Amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol) gels and their swelling features. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilker Yati
- Department of Chemistry; Gebze Technical University; P.O. Box 141 41400 Gebze Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Koksal Karadag
- Department of Chemistry; Gebze Technical University; P.O. Box 141 41400 Gebze Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Hayal Bulbul Sonmez
- Department of Chemistry; Gebze Technical University; P.O. Box 141 41400 Gebze Kocaeli Turkey
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47
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48
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Cipriano BH, Banik SJ, Sharma R, Rumore D, Hwang W, Briber RM, Raghavan SR. Superabsorbent Hydrogels That Are Robust and Highly Stretchable. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500882n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bani H. Cipriano
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering and ‡Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Stephen J. Banik
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering and ‡Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Renu Sharma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering and ‡Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Dominic Rumore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering and ‡Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Wonseok Hwang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering and ‡Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Robert M. Briber
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering and ‡Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Srinivasa R. Raghavan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering and ‡Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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49
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Abstract
The determination of structural properties of a material is important before its practical application. The analysis data provide us some information whether the material is suitable for application or not. The prospective applications of soft and wet materials explore the new era in the material science as an industrial material especially for medical applications. Shape memory gels (SMGs) are one kind of unique soft and wet materials having shape recovery property which is suitable for medical application such as bandages for broken bones or making optical lens and so on. In the present study, scanning microscopic light scattering (SMILS) is used to characterize the internal structure of shape memory gels. It is observed that the SMGs are transparent at room temperature, mechanically elastic and ductile as well as thermoresponsive despite the high water contents. We confirm the mesh size in nanometer scale of the internal network structure and the critical behavior of the SMG by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The mechanical properties also have been characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA).
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50
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Glazer PJ, Verbrugghe P, Adesanya K, Herijgers P, Dubruel P, Mendes E. Electro-actuation of biocompatible Pluronic/methacrylic acid hydrogel in blood-plasma and in blood-mimicking buffers. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45395b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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