1
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Li J, Wang H, Wang L, Yu D, Zhang X. Stabilization effects of saccharides in protein formulations: A review of sucrose, trehalose, cyclodextrins and dextrans. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 192:106625. [PMID: 37918545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Saccharides are a popular group of stabilizers in liquid, frozen and freeze dried protein formulations. The current work reviewed the stabilization mechanisms of three groups of saccharides: (i) Disaccharides, specifically sucrose and trehalose; (ii) cyclodextrins (CDs), a class of cyclic oligosaccharides; and (iii) dextrans, a class of polysaccharides. Compared to sucrose, trehalose exhibits a more pronounced preferential exclusion effect in liquid protein formulations, due to its stronger interaction with water molecules. However, trehalose obtains higher phase separation and crystallization propensity in frozen solutions, resulting in the loss of its stabilization function. In lyophilized formulations, sucrose has a higher crystallization propensity. Besides, its glass matrix is less homogeneous than that of trehalose, thus undermining its lyoprotectant function. Nevertheless, the hygroscopic nature of trehalose may result in high water absorption upon storage. Among all the CDs, the β form is believed to have stronger interactions with proteins than the α- and γ-CDs. However, the stabilization effect, brought about by CD-protein interactions, is case-by-case - in some examples, such interactions can promote protein destabilization. The stabilization effect of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) has been extensively studied. Due to its amphiphilic nature, it can act as a surface-active agent in preventing interfacial stresses. Besides, it is a dual functional excipient in freeze dried formulations, acting as an amorphous bulking agent and lyoprotectant. Finally, dextrans, when combined with sucrose or trehalose, can be used to produce stable freeze dried protein formulations. A strong stabilization effect can be realized by low molecular weight dextrans. However, the terminal glucose in dextrans yields protein glycation, which warrants extra caution during formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Hongyue Wang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Lushan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Brain Barriers Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Dongyue Yu
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Xiangrong Zhang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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2
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Arsiccio A, Sarter T, Polidori I, Winter G, Pisano R, Shea JE. Thermodynamic Modeling and Experimental Data Reveal That Sugars Stabilize Proteins According to an Excluded Volume Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37466340 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
We present a new thermodynamic model to investigate the relative effects of excluded volume and soft interaction contributions in determining whether a cosolute will either destabilize or stabilize a protein in solution. This model is unique in considering an atomistically detailed model of the protein and accounting for the preferential accumulation/exclusion of the osmolyte molecules from the protein surface. Importantly, we use molecular dynamics simulations and experiments to validate the model. The experimental approach presents a unique means of decoupling excluded volume and soft interaction contributions using a linear polymeric series of cosolutes with different numbers of glucose subunits, from 1 (glucose) to 8 (maltooctaose), as well as an 8-mer of glucose units in the closed form (γ-CD). By studying the stabilizing effect of cosolutes along this polymeric series using lysozyme as a model protein, we validate the thermodynamic model and show that sugars stabilize proteins according to an excluded volume mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Arsiccio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Tim Sarter
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ilaria Polidori
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Winter
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Roberto Pisano
- Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Joan-Emma Shea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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3
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Kovacs T, Nagy P, Panyi G, Szente L, Varga Z, Zakany F. Cyclodextrins: Only Pharmaceutical Excipients or Full-Fledged Drug Candidates? Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122559. [PMID: 36559052 PMCID: PMC9788615 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins, representing a versatile family of cyclic oligosaccharides, have extensive pharmaceutical applications due to their unique truncated cone-shaped structure with a hydrophilic outer surface and a hydrophobic cavity, which enables them to form non-covalent host-guest inclusion complexes in pharmaceutical formulations to enhance the solubility, stability and bioavailability of numerous drug molecules. As a result, cyclodextrins are mostly considered as inert carriers during their medical application, while their ability to interact not only with small molecules but also with lipids and proteins is largely neglected. By forming inclusion complexes with cholesterol, cyclodextrins deplete cholesterol from cellular membranes and thereby influence protein function indirectly through alterations in biophysical properties and lateral heterogeneity of bilayers. In this review, we summarize the general chemical principles of direct cyclodextrin-protein interactions and highlight, through relevant examples, how these interactions can modify protein functions in vivo, which, despite their huge potential, have been completely unexploited in therapy so far. Finally, we give a brief overview of disorders such as Niemann-Pick type C disease, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, in which cyclodextrins already have or could have the potential to be active therapeutic agents due to their cholesterol-complexing or direct protein-targeting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Kovacs
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Peter Nagy
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Panyi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lajos Szente
- CycloLab Cyclodextrin R & D Laboratory Ltd., H-1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Varga
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Florina Zakany
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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4
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Nazeer N, Simmons JR, Rainey JK, Rodriguez-Lecompte JC, Ahmed M. Antibacterial activities of physiologically stable, self-assembled peptide nanoparticles. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:9041-9054. [PMID: 34664611 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01864g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report that host defense protein-derived ten amino acid long disulfide-linked peptides self-assemble in the form of β-sheets and β-turns, and exhibit concentration-dependent self-assembly in the form of nanospheres, termed as disulfide linked nanospheres (DSNs). As expected, bare DSNs are prone to aggregation in ionic solutions and in the presence of serum proteins. To yield physiologically stable self-assembled peptide-based materials, DSNs are stabilized in the form of supramolecular assemblies using β-cyclodextrins (β-CD) and fucoidan, as delivery carriers. The inclusion complexes of DSNs with β-CD (β-CD-DSN) and electrostatic complexation of fucoidan with DSNs (FC-DSN) stabilizes the secondary structure of DSNs. Comparison of β-CD-DSNs with FC-DSNs reveals that inclusion complexes of DSNs formed in the presence of β-CD are highly stable under physiological conditions, show high cellular uptake, exhibit bacterial flocculation, and enhance antibacterial efficacies of DSNs in a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nauman Nazeer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, C1A 4P3, Canada.
| | - Jeffrey R Simmons
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jan K Rainey
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Juan Carlos Rodriguez-Lecompte
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Marya Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, C1A 4P3, Canada. .,Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, C1A 4P3, Canada
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5
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Arsiccio A, Rospiccio M, Shea JE, Pisano R. Force Field Parameterization for the Description of the Interactions between Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin and Proteins. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:7397-7405. [PMID: 34210121 PMCID: PMC8287564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c04033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides, widely used as drug carriers, solubilizers, and excipients. Among cyclodextrins, the functionalized derivative known as hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) offers several advantages due to its unique structural features. Its optimal use in pharmaceutical and medical applications would benefit from a molecular-level understanding of its behavior, as can be offered by molecular dynamics simulations. Here, we propose a set of parameters for all-atom simulations of HPβCD, based on the ADD force field for sugars developed in our group, and compare it to the original CHARMM36 description. Using Kirkwood-Buff integrals of binary HPβCD-water mixtures as target experimental data, we show that the ADD-based description results in a considerably improved prediction of HPβCD self-association and interaction with water. We then use the new set of parameters to characterize the behavior of HPβCD toward the different amino acids. We observe pronounced interactions of HPβCD with both polar and nonpolar moieties, with a special preference for the aromatic rings of tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan. Interestingly, our simulations further highlight a preferential orientation of HPβCD's hydrophobic cavity toward the backbone atoms of amino acids, which, coupled with a favorable interaction of HPβCD with the peptide backbone, suggest a propensity for HPβCD to denature proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Arsiccio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Marcello Rospiccio
- Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 24 corso Duca degli Abruzzi, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Joan-Emma Shea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.,Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Roberto Pisano
- Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 24 corso Duca degli Abruzzi, Torino 10129, Italy
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6
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Rospiccio M, Arsiccio A, Winter G, Pisano R. The Role of Cyclodextrins against Interface-Induced Denaturation in Pharmaceutical Formulations: A Molecular Dynamics Approach. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2322-2333. [PMID: 33999634 PMCID: PMC8289300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Protein-based pharmaceutical
products are subject to a variety
of environmental stressors, during both production and shelf-life.
In order to preserve their structure, and, therefore, functionality,
it is necessary to use excipients as stabilizing agents. Among the
eligible stabilizers, cyclodextrins (CDs) have recently gained interest
in the scientific community thanks to their properties. Here, a computational
approach is proposed to clarify the role of β-cyclodextrin (βCD)
and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) against granulocyte
colony-stimulating (GCSF) factor denaturation at the air–water
and ice–water interfaces, and also in bulk water at 300 or
260 K. Both traditional molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and enhanced
sampling techniques (metadynamics, MetaD) are used to shed light on
the underlying molecular mechanisms. Bulk simulations revealed that
CDs were preferentially included within the surface hydration layer
of GCSF, and even included some peptide residues in their hydrophobic
cavity. HPβCD was able to stabilize the protein against surface-induced
denaturation in proximity of the air–water interface, while
βCD had a destabilizing effect. No remarkable conformational
changes of GCSF, or noticeable effect of the CDs, were instead observed
at the ice surface. GCSF seemed less stable at low temperature (260
K), which may be attributed to cold-denaturation effects. In this
case, CDs did not significantly improve conformational stability.
In general, the conformationally altered regions of GCSF seemed not
to depend on the presence of excipients that only modulated the extent
of destabilization with either a positive or a negative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Rospiccio
- Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Andrea Arsiccio
- Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Gerhard Winter
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Roberto Pisano
- Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy
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Wu HH, Garidel P, Michaela B. HP-β-CD for the formulation of IgG and Ig-based biotherapeutics. Int J Pharm 2021; 601:120531. [PMID: 33775727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The main challenge to develop HCF for IgG and Ig-based therapeutics is to achieve essential solubility, viscosity and stability of these molecules in order to maintain product quality and meet regulatory requirement during manufacturing, production, storage, shipment and administration processes. The commonly used and FDA approved excipients for IgG and Ig -based therapeutics may no longer fulfil the challenge of HCF development for these molecules to certain extent, especially for some complex Ig-based platforms. 2-Hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) is one of the promising excipients applied recently for HCF development of IgG and Ig-based therapeutics although it has been used for formulation of small synthesized chemical drugs for more than thirty years. This review describes essential aspects about application of HP-β-CD as excipient in pharmaceutical formulation, including physico-chemical properties of HP-β-CD, supply chain, regulatory, patent landscape, marketed drugs with HP-β-CD, analytics and analytical challenges, stability and control strategies, and safety concerns. It also provides an overview of different studies, and outcomes thereof, regarding formulation development for IgGs and Ig-based molecules in liquid and solid (lyophilized) dosage forms with HP-β-CD. The review specifically highlights the challenges for formulation manufacturing of IgG and Ig-based therapeutics with HP-β-CD and identifies areas for future work in pharmaceutical and formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Haixia Wu
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, Pharmaceutical Development Biologicals, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
| | - Patrick Garidel
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, Pharmaceutical Development Biologicals, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Blech Michaela
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, Pharmaceutical Development Biologicals, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
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8
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Ye L, Huang NL, Du YX, Schneider M, Du WD. Succinyl-β-cyclodextrin modified gold biochip improved seroimmunological detection sensitivity for Lyme disease. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 953:48-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Koushik K, Kompella UB. Preparation of large porous deslorelin-PLGA microparticles with reduced residual solvent and cellular uptake using a supercritical carbon dioxide process. Pharm Res 2016; 21:524-35. [PMID: 15070105 DOI: 10.1023/b:pham.0000019308.25479.a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to prepare large-porous peptide-encapsulating polymeric particles with low residual solvent that retain deslorelin integrity, sustain drug release, and exhibit reduced epithelial and macrophage uptake. We hypothesized that supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO2) pressure-quench treatment of microparticles prepared using conventional approach expands these particles and extracts the residual organic solvent. METHODS Initial studies with crystalline L-lactide (L-PLA) and amorphous copolymers of lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) 50:50, 65:35, and 75:25 indicated that PLGA 50:50 was the most amenable to morphological changes upon SC CO2 treatment. Therefore, we prepared deslorelin-PLGA (50:50) microparticles using the conventional emulsion-solvent evaporation method, and in a second step equilibrated with SC CO2 at various temperatures (33-37 degrees C) and pressures (1200-2000 psi) for discrete intervals followed by rapid isothermal depressurization. The particles were then characterized for morphology, polymer thermal properties, particle size, porosity, bulk density, and residual solvent content. Also, deslorelin integrity, conformation, release, and cellular uptake before and after SC CO2 treatment was determined. RESULTS Upon SC CO2 treatment (1200 psi, 33 degrees C for 30 min), the mean particle size of the deslorelin PLGA microparticles increased from 2.2 to 13.8 microm, the mean porosity increased from 39 to 92.38% the mean pore diameter increased from 90 to 190 nm, the mean bulk density reduced from 0.7 to 0.082 g/cc, mass spectrometry indicated structural integrity of released deslorelin, the circular dichroism spectrum indicated stabilization of beta-turn conformation, and the scanning electron microscopy confirmed increased particle size and pore formation. The deslorelin release was sustained during the 7-day study period. Also, the peak Tg of PLGA decreased from 51 to 45 degrees C, and the residual solvent content was reduced from 4500 ppm to below detection limit (< 25 ppm). The accumulation of drug from SC CO2 treated particles in cell layers of Calu-3, A549, and rat alveolar macrophages was reduced by 87, 91 and 50%, respectively, compared to untreated particles. CONCLUSION An SCF-derived process could be successfully applied to prepare large porous deslorelin-PLGA particles with reduced residual solvent content, which retained deslorelin integrity, sustained deslorelin release, and reduced cellular uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Koushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6025, USA
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10
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Faghihi H, Khalili F, Amini M, Vatanara A. The effect of freeze-dried antibody concentrations on its stability in the presence of trehalose and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin: a Box-Behnken statistical design. Pharm Dev Technol 2015; 22:724-732. [PMID: 26654052 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2015.1116563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed at preparation and optimization of stable freeze-dried immunoglobulin G (IgG) applying proper amount of antibody with efficient combination of trehalose and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD). Response surface methodology was employed through a three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design. Amounts of IgG (X1), trehalose (X2) and HPβCD (X3) were independent variables. Aggregation following process (Y1), after one month at 45 °C (Y2), upon two month at 45 °C (Y3) and beta-sheet content of IgG (Y4) were determined as dependent variables. Results were fitted to quadratic models (except for beta-sheet content), describing the inherent relationship between main factors. Optimized formulation composed of 55.85 mg IgG, 52.51 mg trehalose and 16.01 mg HPβCD was prepared. The calculated responses of the optimized formulation were as follows: Y1 = 0.19%, Y2 = 0.78%, Y3 = 1.88% and Y4 = 68.60%, respectively. The thermal analysis confirmed the amorphous nature of optimum formulation and the integrity of IgG was shown to be favorably preserved. Validation of the optimization study demonstrated high degree of prognostic ability. The DOE study successfully predicted the optimum values of antibody as well as stabilizers for desirable process and storage stabilization of freeze-dried IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohsen Amini
- b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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11
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Qi Y, Geib T, Volmer DA. Determining the Binding Sites of β-Cyclodextrin and Peptides by Electron-Capture Dissociation High Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:1143-1149. [PMID: 25862187 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are a group of cyclic oligosaccharides, which readily form inclusion complexes with hydrophobic compounds to increase bioavailability, thus making CDs ideal drug excipients. Recent studies have also shown that CDs exhibit a wide range of protective effects, preventing proteins from aggregation, degradation, and folding. These effects strongly depend on the binding sites on the protein surface. CDs only exhibit weak interactions with amino acids, however; conventional analytical techniques therefore usually fail to reveal the exact location of the binding sites. Moreover, some studies even suggest that CD inclusion complexes are merely electrostatic adducts. Here, electron capture dissociation (ECD) was applied in this proof-of-concept study to examine the exact nature of the CD/peptide complexes, and CD binding sites were unambiguously located for the first time via Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) tandem mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Qi
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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12
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Volmer DA, Qi Y. Letter: β-Cyclodextrin affects the formation of isomerization products during peptide deamidation. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2015; 21:701-705. [PMID: 26353992 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are a group of nontoxic oligosaccharides that are widely used as drug excipients and protein stabilizers. CDs have also been found to reduce the neurotoxicity and fibrillation of amyloid beta (Aβ), the major component of the amyloid plaques found in the brain of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease. The formation of these plaques was found to be enhanced by the presence of iso-aspartic acid (isoAsp) residues in the Aβ peptide, which can be formed by deamidation from asparagine (Asn). To explore further the influence of CDs on Aβ, we investigated three Asn-containing peptides, including Aβ25-35, by electrospray ionization, electron capture dissociation, and Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to explore details of the deamidation process in the presence and absence of peptide/CD adducts. The results showed that CDs reduced the formation of the isomerization product isoAsp during peptide deamidation. This finding might help to better understand the role of CDs during the protein-aggregation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich A Volmer
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Yulin Qi
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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13
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Healey RD, Prasad S, Rajendram V, Thordarson P. Unravelling the interaction between α-cyclodextrin with the thaumatin protein and a peptide mimic. Supramol Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2014.956745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Healey
- School of Chemistry and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
| | - Shiva Prasad
- Neptune Bio-Innovations Pty. Ltd., 140 Wicks Road, North Ryde, NSW2113, Australia
| | - Vijaya Rajendram
- Neptune Bio-Innovations Pty. Ltd., 140 Wicks Road, North Ryde, NSW2113, Australia
| | - Pall Thordarson
- School of Chemistry and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
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14
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Fast-acting clotrimazole composited PVP/HPβCD nanofibers for oral candidiasis application. Pharm Res 2014; 31:1893-906. [PMID: 24554117 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigates fabrication of clotrimazole (CZ)-composited electrospun Polyvinylpyrrolidone/Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (PVP/HPβCD) blended nanofiber mats for oral candidiasis applications. METHODS PVP/HPβCD blended nanofiber mats containing clotrimazole were electrospun and characterized using SEM, DSC and XRPD. The solvent system ethanol: water: benzyl alcohol (EtOH:H2O:BzOH) with a 70:20:10 ratio was optimal for the electrospinning process. Various amounts of CZ were loaded into the nanofiber mats. The nanofiber mats was further investigated for drug release, antifungal activity and cytotoxicity. RESULTS The fiber diameters in the mats were in the nanometer range. The DSC and XRPD revealed a molecular dispersion of amorphous CZ in the nanofiber mats. The loading capacity increased when CZ content was raised. A fast dissolved and released of CZ from the nanofibers mat was achieved. The ability of the CZ-loaded nanofiber mats to kill the Candida depended on the amount of CZ in the mats; moreover, the CZ-loaded nanofibers killed the Candida significantly faster than the CZ powder and lozenges with low cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS CZ-loaded nanofiber mats were successfully electrospun. They exhibited rapid antifungal activity in vitro relative to CZ powder and lozenges. Further in vivo studies are needed to investigate for their application in oral candidiasis.
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15
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Yeguas V, Altarsha M, Monard G, López R, Ruiz-López MF. Peptide Binding to β-Cyclodextrins: Structure, Dynamics, Energetics, and Electronic Effects. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:11810-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2053037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Yeguas
- Equipe de Chimie et Biochimie Théoriques, SRSMC, Nancy University, CNRS, BP 70239, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, Cedex, France
| | - Muhannad Altarsha
- Equipe de Chimie et Biochimie Théoriques, SRSMC, Nancy University, CNRS, BP 70239, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, Cedex, France
| | - Gérald Monard
- Equipe de Chimie et Biochimie Théoriques, SRSMC, Nancy University, CNRS, BP 70239, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, Cedex, France
| | - Ramón López
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Manuel F. Ruiz-López
- Equipe de Chimie et Biochimie Théoriques, SRSMC, Nancy University, CNRS, BP 70239, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, Cedex, France
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Serno T, Geidobler R, Winter G. Protein stabilization by cyclodextrins in the liquid and dried state. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:1086-106. [PMID: 21907254 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation is arguably the biggest challenge for the development of stable formulations and robust manufacturing processes of therapeutic proteins. In search of novel excipients inhibiting protein aggregation, cyclodextrins and their derivatives have been under examination for use in parenteral protein products since more than 20 years and significant research work has been accomplished highlighting the great potential of cyclodextrins as stabilizers of therapeutic proteins. Oftentimes, the potential of cyclodextrins to inhibit protein aggregation has been attributed to their capability to incorporate hydrophobic residues on aggregation-prone proteins or on their partially unfolded intermediates into the hydrophobic cavity. In addition, also other mechanisms besides or even instead of complex formation play a role in the stabilization mechanism, e.g. non-ionic surfactant-like effects. In this review a comprehensive overview of the available research work on the beneficial use of cyclodextrins and their derivatives in protein formulations, liquid as well as dried, is provided. The mechanisms of stabilization against different kinds of stress conditions, such as thermal or surface-induced, are discussed in detail.
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17
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Evidence of changes in hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance and in chemical activity of HSA induced by thermal treatments. OPEN CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-010-0148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractSamples of human serum albumin (HSA) obtained as a result of heat denaturation followed by refolding controlled by a cooling of the protein solution were studied by several methods: chromatographic measurements, kinetic of the reaction with a water soluble free radical and by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. In this context the interaction of this protein with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was also investigated. Reversed phase thin layer chromatography (RP-TLC) showed changes in lipophylicity of HSA, which are related with the existence of different ensembles of conformers. The UV-Vis absorption spectra had shown the broadening of absorption band of the protein and a hyperchrom effect in the presence of SDS; β-CD reduces the effect of SDS on protein UV-Vis spectra.Kinetic measurements related to the reaction of HSA with a water soluble DPPH type free radical provided evidence that reactivity of the HSA denaturated conformers is higher compared with the natural conformer. The affinity of SDS to the albumins surface and the effect of β-CD on the SDS/protein aggregates were also evident by changes in the EPR spectra of the spin probe CAT16.
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18
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Serno T, Carpenter JF, Randolph TW, Winter G. Inhibition of Agitation‐Induced Aggregation of an IgG‐Antibody by Hydroxypropyl‐β‐Cyclodextrin. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:1193-206. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Linde GA, Junior AL, Faria EVD, Colauto NB, Moraes FFD, Zanin GM. The use of 2D NMR to study β-cyclodextrin complexation and debittering of amino acids and peptides. Food Res Int 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2009.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Villalonga R, Cao R, Fragoso A. Supramolecular Chemistry of Cyclodextrins in Enzyme Technology. Chem Rev 2007; 107:3088-116. [PMID: 17590054 DOI: 10.1021/cr050253g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Gere‐Pászti E, Cserháti T, Forgács E, Deyl Z, Miksik I, Eckhardt A, Illés Z. Interaction of Hydroxypropyl‐β‐Cyclodextrin with Peptides, Studied by Reversed‐Phase Thin‐Layer Chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070500189877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Gere‐Pászti
- a Research Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest, Hungary
| | - T. Cserháti
- a Research Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest, Hungary
| | - E. Forgács
- a Research Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest, Hungary
| | - Z. Deyl
- b Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague
- c Czech Republic and Central European University , Budapest, Hungary
| | - I. Miksik
- b Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague
- c Czech Republic and Central European University , Budapest, Hungary
| | - A. Eckhardt
- b Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague
- c Czech Republic and Central European University , Budapest, Hungary
| | - Z. Illés
- b Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague
- c Czech Republic and Central European University , Budapest, Hungary
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22
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Bandi N, Wei W, Roberts CB, Kotra LP, Kompella UB. Preparation of budesonide- and indomethacin-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) complexes using a single-step, organic-solvent-free supercritical fluid process. Eur J Pharm Sci 2004; 23:159-68. [PMID: 15451004 PMCID: PMC6349376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2004.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2003] [Revised: 06/29/2004] [Accepted: 06/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether budesonide- and indomethacin-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) complexes could be formed using a supercritical fluid (SCF) process. The process involved the exposure of drug-HPBCD mixtures to supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO2). The ability of the SCF process to form complexes was assessed by determining drug dissolution, drug crystallinity, and drug-excipient interactions. Drug dissolution was assessed using a HPLC assay. Crystallinity was assessed using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Drug-excipient interactions were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine any morphological changes. SC CO2 process did not alter the dissolution rate of pure drugs but resulted in two- and three-fold higher dissolution rates for budesonide- and indomethacin-HPBCD mixtures, respectively. SCF-processed mixtures exhibited a disappearance of the crystalline peaks of the drugs (PXRD), a partial or complete absence of the melting endotherm of the drugs (DSC), and a shift in the C=O stretching of the carboxyl groups of the drugs (FTIR), consistent with the loss of drug crystallinity and formation of intermolecular bonds with HPBCD. SEM indicated no discernible drug crystals upon physical mixing with or without SCF processing. Thus, budesonide- and indomethacin-HPBCD complexes with enhanced dissolution rate can be formed using a single-step, organic solvent-free SC CO2 process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagesh Bandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6025, USA
| | - William Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 19 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2S2
| | | | - Lakshmi P. Kotra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Uday B. Kompella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6025, USA
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Cliff MJ, Ladbury JE. A survey of the year 2002 literature on applications of isothermal titration calorimetry. J Mol Recognit 2004; 16:383-91. [PMID: 14732929 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is becoming widely accepted as a key instrument in any laboratory in which quantification of biomolecular interactions is a requisite. The method has matured with respect to general acceptance and application development over recent years. The number of publications on ITC has grown exponentially over the last 10 years, reflecting the general utility of the method. Here all the published works of the year 2002 in this area have been surveyed. We review the broad range of systems to which ITC is being directed and classify these into general areas highlighting key publications of interest. This provides an overview of what can be achieved using this method and what developments are likely to occur in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Cliff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Monteiro JB, Chiaradia LD, Brandão TAS, Magro JD, Yunes RA. Enzymatic hydrolysis of diloxanide furoate in the presence of β-cyclodextrin and its methylated derivatives. Int J Pharm 2003; 267:93-100. [PMID: 14602387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2003.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the susceptibility to enzymatic and alkaline hydrolysis of diloxanide furoate (DF) and its cyclodextrin inclusion complexes, in aqueous solution. The cyclodextrins (CDs) utilized were beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD), (2,6-di-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (DM-beta-CD) and (2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (TM-beta-CD). All cyclodextrins studied provided a stabilizing effect to diloxanide furoate hydrolysis. In alkaline hydrolysis (pH 10.75), without the enzyme, beta-CD and TM-beta-CD provided similar effect on the stability of DF, with an inhibition factor in the order of 2.0. The DM-beta-CD, on the other hand, provided more pronounced stabilization effect than the other two CDs, with an inhibition factor around of 8. The maximum activity of the enzyme occured around pH 7.0. In the presence of enzyme, all cyclodextrins produced similar effect, with a DF hydrolysis inhibition factor in the order of 10. However, the plot of rate of hydrolysis versus [CD] fit with a equation based in a model that considers the association of the enzyme with the CDs. Therefore, it is concluded that the stabilization of DF is not only due to its cyclodextrin complex but also due to enzyme inhibition by cyclodextrin complexation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta B Monteiro
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário-Trindade, -SC 88040-900, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Koushik K, Sunkara G, Gwilt P, Kompella UB. Pathways and kinetics of deslorelin degradation in an airway epithelial cell line (Calu-1). Pharm Res 2003; 20:779-87. [PMID: 12751634 DOI: 10.1023/a:1023489620394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study is to investigate the pathways and kinetics of degradation of deslorelin, pGlu1-His2-Trp3-Ser4-Tyr5-D-Trp6-Leu7-Arg8-ProNHEt9 (Des1-9), in a human airway epithelial cell line (Calu-1). METHODS The degradation of deslorelin in membrane and cytosolic fractions of Calu-1 cells was studied at 37 degrees C up to 24 h. The degradation products were separated using HPLC and identified by amino acid analysis, sequencing, and mass spectrometry. The rate constants for deslorelin degradation and the formation of degradation products were determined by fitting the concentration vs. time data to pharmacokinetic models using WinNonlin. The effect of enzyme inhibitors, captopril, phosphoramidon, and disodium EDTA on deslorelin degradation was also assessed. RESULTS Des1-3, Des4-9, and Des5-9 were the deslorelin fragments detected in the membrane fraction. Apart from these degradation products. Des5-7 was also detected in the cytosolic fraction. The deslorelin degradation was 8.5 times faster in the cytosolic fraction compared to the membrane fraction. The disappearance of deslorelin and the kinetics of degradation products could be explained by simple 2 compartment iv bolus model and 1 compartment absorption model, respectively. EDTA and captopril decreased deslorelin degradation in the membrane and cytosolic fractions. CONCLUSIONS Deslorelin is initially cleaved at the 3-4 bond in the membrane and cytosolic fractions, possibly by a metalloendopeptidase and/or angiotensin converting enzyme, with the degradation being more rapid in the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Koushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 986025 University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
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