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In Melting Points We Trust: A Review on the Misguiding Characterization of Multicomponent Reactions Adducts and Intermediates. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217552. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We discuss herein the problems associated with using melting points to characterize multicomponent reactions’ (MCRs) products and intermediates. Although surprising, it is not rare to find articles in which these MCRs final adducts (or their intermediates) are characterized solely by comparing melting points with those available from other reports. A brief survey among specialized articles highlights serious and obvious problems with this practice since, for instance, cases are found in which as many as 25 quite contrasting melting points have been attributed to the very same MCR adduct. Indeed, it seems logical to assume that the inherent non-confirmatory nature of melting points could be vastly misleading as a protocol for structural confirmation, but still many publications (also in the Q1 and Q2 quartiles) insist on using it. This procedure contradicts best practices in organic synthesis, and articles fraught with limitations and misleading conclusions have been published in the MCRs field. The drawbacks inherent to this practice are indeed serious and have misguided MCRs advances. We therefore suggest some precautions aimed at avoiding future confusions.
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Avila-Montiel C, Tlahuext H, Ariza A, Godoy-Alcántar C, Tapia-Benavides AR, Tlahuextl M. Indium coordination compounds derived from amino amides. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hugo Tlahuext
- Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos Centro de Investigaciones Químicas MEXICO
| | - Armando Ariza
- Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN: Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional Chemistry Department MEXICO
| | | | | | - Margarita Tlahuextl
- Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo Centro de Investigaciones Quimicas Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5 42184 Mineral de la Reforma MEXICO
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3
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Hashemzadeh E, Tadayon F, Alahyari M. Preparation of β‐hydroxy Ketones via High Efficient Aldol Reaction over Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles as a Powerful and Reusable Heterogeneous Catalyst: Central Composite Design. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elma Hashemzadeh
- Department of Chemistry North Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Fariba Tadayon
- Department of Chemistry North Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Mozhgan Alahyari
- Recombinant Protein Production Department Research and Production Complex Pasteur Institute of Iran Karaj Iran
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4
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Khrustaleva A, Batalin S. PEG-400 assisted synthesis of 2-(R-benzylidene)-5-(R-cinnamylidene)cyclopentanones. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2022.2056056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Khrustaleva
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, National Research Saratov State University named after N.G Chernyshevsky, Saratov, Russian Federation
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5
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Mohammadpour A, Sheikhhosseini E. Synthesis of SrCO3 nanoparticles supported on montmorillonite as efficient catalyst in preparation of α, ά-bis(substituted benzylidene)cycloalkanones. LETT ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178619666220314145346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
In the present study, the SrCO3@montmorillonite nanocomposite was synthesized by loading Sr(NO3)2 on natural bentonite using a controlled and facile microwave method. The SrCO3@montmorillonite nanoparticles characteristics are identified using advanced techniques such as infrared spectroscopy (IR), energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and pore size distribution analysis. Crossed-aldol condensation of an aromatic aldehyde with cycloalkanone in the presence of these nanoparticles produced α, ά-bis(substituted-benzylidene) cycloalkanones in good yields without using any solvent. The present method is operationally simple and dosed not use organic solvent, which makes the process environmentally benign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azim Mohammadpour
- Department of Chemistry, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
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6
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Bano K, Jain A, Sarkar R, Panda TK. Economically Viable and Efficient Catalysts for Esterification and Cross Aldol Condensation Reactions under Mild Conditions. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kulsum Bano
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Kandi 502 285, Sangareddy, Telangana India
| | - Archana Jain
- Department of Physics and ChemistryMahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology, Gandipet Hyderabad 500075, Telangana India
| | - Ratan Sarkar
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Kandi 502 285, Sangareddy, Telangana India
| | - Tarun K. Panda
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Kandi 502 285, Sangareddy, Telangana India
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7
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Muhammad S, Javed MN, Ali FI, Bari A, Hashmi IA. Supramolecular polymeric aggregation behavior and its impact on catalytic properties of imidazolium based hydrophilic ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Bakhshi R, Zeynizadeh B, Mousavi H. Green, rapid, and highly efficient syntheses of
α
,
α′
‐bis[(aryl or allyl)idene]cycloalkanones and 2‐[(aryl or allyl)idene]‐1‐indanones as potentially biologic compounds via solvent‐free microwave‐assisted Claisen–Schmidt condensation catalyzed by MoCl
5. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201900081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Bakhshi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUrmia University Urmia Iran
| | - Behzad Zeynizadeh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUrmia University Urmia Iran
| | - Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUrmia University Urmia Iran
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9
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Geiger T, Haupt A, Maichle-Mössmer C, Schrenk C, Schnepf A, Bettinger HF. Synthesis and Photodimerization of 2- and 2,3-Disubstituted Anthracenes: Influence of Steric Interactions and London Dispersion on Diastereoselectivity. J Org Chem 2019; 84:10120-10135. [PMID: 31390211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is increased evidence that the effect of bulky groups in organic, organometallic, and inorganic chemistry is not only repulsive but can be attractive because of London dispersion interactions. The influence of the size of primary alkyl substituents in 2- and 2,3-positions of anthracenes on the diastereoselectivity (anti vs syn dimer) of the [π4s + π4s] photoinduced dimerization is investigated. The synthesis of the anthracene derivatives was achieved by Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of 2,3-dibromoanthracene with alkylboronic acids as well as by reduction of anthraquinones that were obtained from 2,3-disubstituted 1,3-butadienes and naphthoquinone followed by dehydrogenation. The mixtures of dianthracene isomers were analyzed with respect to the anti/syn-ratio of the products by X-ray crystallography and nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy. While for the 2,3-dimethylanthracene the anti and syn isomers were formed in equal amounts, the anti dimers are the major products in all other cases. A linear correlation (R2 = 0.98) between the steric size (Charton parameter) and the isomeric ratio suggests that the selectivity is dominated by classical repulsive steric effects. An exception is the iso-butyl substituent that produces an increased amount of the syn isomer. It is suggested that this is due to an exalted effect of London dispersion interactions.
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10
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Newly designed pyridine and piperidine based Ionic Liquids: Aggregation behavior in ESI-MS and catalytic activity in C C bond formation reactions. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Mounir B, Bazi F, Mounir A, Toufik H, Zahouily M. Sodium-Modified Fluorapatite: A Mild and Efficient Reusable Catalyst for the Synthesis of <i>α,α</i>’-Bis(Substituted Benzylidene) Cycloalkanones under Conventional Heating and Microwave Irradiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/gsc.2018.82011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Nakhaei A, Morsali A, Davoodnia A. An efficient green approach to aldol and cross-aldol condensations of ketones with aromatic aldehydes catalyzed by nanometasilica disulfuric acid in water. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363217050292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Wu Y, Hou J, Liu Y, Zhang M, Tung CH, Wang Y. Chemoselective Claisen–Schmidt bis-substitutional condensation catalyzed by an alkoxy-bridged dinuclear Ti(IV) cluster. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Synthesis, spectroscopic investigations (X-ray, NMR and TD-DFT), antimicrobial activity and molecular docking of 2,6-bis(hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)cyclohexanone. Molecules 2015. [PMID: 26197312 PMCID: PMC6332055 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200713240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of 2,6-bis(hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)cyclohexanone 1 is described. The molecular structure of the title compound 1 was confirmed by NMR, FT-IR, MS, CHN microanalysis, and X-ray crystallography. The molecular structure was also investigated by a set of computational studies and found to be in good agreement with the experimental data obtained from the various spectrophotometric techniques. The antimicrobial activity and molecular docking of the synthesized compound was investigated.
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Rayar A, Veitía MSI, Ferroud C. An efficient and selective microwave-assisted Claisen-Schmidt reaction for the synthesis of functionalized benzalacetones. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:221. [PMID: 26069871 PMCID: PMC4456587 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-0985-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A simple and direct method for the Claisen-Schmidt reaction to prepare functionalized α,β-unsaturated ketones has been developed. Microwave irradiation of aldehydes with acetone produces benzalacetones selectively without self-condensation product in very short reaction times and good yields. Graphical AbstractGraphics for use in the Table of Contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Rayar
- Laboratoire Chimie Moléculaire, génie des procédés chimiques et énergétiques (CMGPCE), EA 7341- Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, 2 rue Conté, 75003 Paris, France
| | - Maité Sylla-Iyarreta Veitía
- Laboratoire Chimie Moléculaire, génie des procédés chimiques et énergétiques (CMGPCE), EA 7341- Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, 2 rue Conté, 75003 Paris, France
| | - Clotilde Ferroud
- Laboratoire Chimie Moléculaire, génie des procédés chimiques et énergétiques (CMGPCE), EA 7341- Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, 2 rue Conté, 75003 Paris, France
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Vekariya RH, Patel KD, Patel HD. Melamine trisulfonic acid (MTSA): an efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst in green organic synthesis. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17489a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melamine trisulfonic acid (MTSA) as a highly efficient heterogeneous solid acid catalyst catalyzes various organic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh H. Vekariya
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Sciences
- Gujarat University
- Ahmedabad
- India
| | - Kinjal D. Patel
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Sciences
- Gujarat University
- Ahmedabad
- India
| | - Hitesh D. Patel
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Sciences
- Gujarat University
- Ahmedabad
- India
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17
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Khaligh NG, Mihankhah T. Aldol condensations of a variety of different aldehydes and ketones under ultrasonic irradiation using poly(N-vinylimidazole) as a new heterogeneous base catalyst under solvent-free conditions in a liquid-solid system. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(12)60658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Khodaei MM, Bahrami K, Khedri M. ZrCl4as an Efficient Catalyst for Crossed-Aldol Condensation of Cyclic Ketones with Aromatic Aldehydes in Refluxing Ethanol. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200700117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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DAVOODNIA A, YASSAGHI G. Solvent-Free Selective Cross-Aldol Condensation of Ketones with Aromatic Aldehydes Efficiently Catalyzed by a Reusable Supported Acidic Ionic Liquid. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(11)60470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Microwave assisted solvent free synthesis of α,ά-bis (arylidene) cycloalkanones by sulfated zirconia catalyzed cross aldol condensation of aromatic aldehydes and cycloalkanones. J IND ENG CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2012.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Luo G, Wang R, Liu C. A Convenient Synthesis of α,α’-Bis(substituted benzylidene)cycloalkanones Catalyzed by Y(TFA)3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/15533174.2011.613882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Genxiang Luo
- a Department of Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun , Liaoning , P. R. China
| | - Runxia Wang
- a Department of Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun , Liaoning , P. R. China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- a Department of Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun , Liaoning , P. R. China
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A facile solvent free Claisen-Schmidt reaction: synthesis of α,α'-bis-(substituted-benzylidene)cycloalkanones and α,α'-bis-(substituted-alkylidene)cycloalkanones. Molecules 2012; 17:571-83. [PMID: 22231494 PMCID: PMC6269007 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17010571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Solvent-free Claisen-Schmidt reactions of cycloalkanones with various substituted benzaldehydes (aryl aldehydes) using solid NaOH (20 mol%) and applying a grinding technique were studied. Quantitative yields (96-98%) of α,α'-bis-(substituted-benzylidene)cycloalkanones were obtained. Aliphatic aldehydes also provided α,α'-bis-(substituted-alkylidene)cycloalkanones in very good yields with minor amounts of a-(substituted-alkylidene)cycloalkanones. The catalytic performance of solid NaOH was examined. The molar ratio of NaOH was optimized. The catalytic effect of solid NaOH was also evaluated by comparing it with KOH, NaOAc, and NH(4)OAc and it turns out that 20 mol% of solid NaOH was good enough to catalyze the Claisen-Schmidt reactions of cycloalkanones with various substituted benzaldehydes. Additionally, the regioselectivity of the Claisen-Schmidt reaction of acetone with benzaldehyde was examined. Using the same method, we could synthesize the corresponding bis-benzylidene- and mono-benzylideneacetone separately in 98% and 96% yields, respectively.
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Cao B, Wang Y, Ding K, Neamati N, Long YQ. Synthesis of the pyridinyl analogues of dibenzylideneacetone (pyr-dba) via an improved Claisen-Schmidt condensation, displaying diverse biological activities as curcumin analogues. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 10:1239-45. [PMID: 22179573 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06773g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and easy procedure to synthesize the pyridinyl analogues of dibenzylideneacetone (pyr-dba) was developed by the condensation of substituted nicotinaldehyde and acetone in the presence of K(2)CO(3) in toluene-EtOH-H(2)O solvent system. Structurally diverse pyr-dba, including quinolinyl dba, can be prepared conveniently in moderate to excellent yields under mild conditions with this method. The resulting pyr-dba functioned as the enone analogs of curcumin and efficiently inhibited the activation of NF-κB and the growth of colorectal carcinoma HCT116 p53+/+ cells as well as the HIV-1 IN-LEDGF/p75 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Deng GS, Zou JY, Sun TF. Efficient and convenient preparation of N-tosylimines catalyzed by indium trichloride. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2010.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Bi-functional modified-phosphate catalyzed the synthesis of α-α′-(EE)-bis(benzylidene)-cycloalkanones: Microwave versus conventional-heating. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2010.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Hazarkhani H, Kumar P, Kondiram KS, Shafi Gadwal IM. Highly Selective Claisen–Schmidt Condensation Catalyzed by Silica Chloride Under Solvent-Free Reaction Conditions. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910903340637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Hazarkhani
- a Division of Organic Chemistry, National Chemical Laboratory , Pune, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- a Division of Organic Chemistry, National Chemical Laboratory , Pune, India
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Wan Y, Chen XM, Pang LL, Ma R, Yue CH, Yuan R, Lin W, Yin W, Bo RC, Wu H. Synthesis and Fluorescence Properties of α,α′-Bis(substituted-benzylidene)cycloalkanones Catalyzed by 1-Methyl-3(2-(sulfooxy)ethyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium Chloride. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910903243781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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MOHAMMADI ZIARANI G, BADIEI A, ABBASI A, FARAHANI Z. Cross-aldol Condensation of Cycloalkanones and Aromatic Aldehydes in the Presence of Nanoporous Silica-based Sulfonic Acid (SiO2-Pr-SO3H) under Solvent Free Conditions. CHINESE J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200990259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Sehnal P, Taghzouti H, Fairlamb IJS, Jutand A, Lee AF, Whitwood AC. Heteroaromatic Analogues of Dibenzylideneacetone (dba) and Pd02(het-dba)3 Complexes: Effect of a Thienyl Moiety on the Reactivity of Pd0(η2-thn-dba)(PPh3)2/Pd0(PPh3)2 (n = 1 or 2) and Pd0(η2-th2-dba)(dppe)/Pd0(dppe) in Oxidative Addition Reactions with Iodobenzene. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om800975w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Sehnal
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., and Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, UMR CNRS-ENS-UPMC 8640, 24, Rue Lhomond, F-75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Hanaa Taghzouti
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., and Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, UMR CNRS-ENS-UPMC 8640, 24, Rue Lhomond, F-75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Ian J. S. Fairlamb
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., and Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, UMR CNRS-ENS-UPMC 8640, 24, Rue Lhomond, F-75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Anny Jutand
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., and Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, UMR CNRS-ENS-UPMC 8640, 24, Rue Lhomond, F-75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Adam F. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., and Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, UMR CNRS-ENS-UPMC 8640, 24, Rue Lhomond, F-75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Adrian C. Whitwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., and Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, UMR CNRS-ENS-UPMC 8640, 24, Rue Lhomond, F-75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
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31
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Fairlamb IJS. pi-Acidic alkene ligand effects in Pd-catalysed cross-coupling processes: exploiting the interaction of dibenzylidene acetone (dba) and related ligands with Pd(0) and Pd(II). Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:3645-56. [PMID: 18843391 DOI: 10.1039/b811772a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
pi-Acidic alkene (olefin) ligands positively influence Pd-catalysed cross-coupling processes, interacting with both palladium(0) and palladium(ii) species, in some cases stabilising key catalytic intermediates. Rates of oxidative addition and reductive elimination are both affected. In certain cases, beta-hydrogen elimination can be slowed down by pi-acidic alkenes, which opens up new reaction pathways (e.g. interception of sigma-alkylpalladium(ii) species by appropriate nucleophiles). pi-Acidic alkene ligands can act independently or in a synergistic fashion with another two-electron donor ligand (e.g. amine, phosphine or N-heterocyclic carbene). The purpose of this perspective article is to highlight the impressive results that can be obtained using pi-acidic alkene ligands, with a particular focus on dibenzylidene acetone (dba) derivatives. Other types of alkene ligands, e.g. macrocyclic alkenes, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J S Fairlamb
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, United Kingdom.
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ZALI A, GHANI K, SHOKROLAHI A, KESHAVARZ MH. Carbon-Based Solid Acid as an Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for Cross-Aldol Condensation of Ketones with Aromatic Aldehydes under Solvent-Free Conditions. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(08)60060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mojtahedi MM, Abaee MS, Zahedi MM, Jalali MR, Mesbah AW, Massa W, Yaghoubi R, Forouzani M. Facile solvent-free synthesis and structural elucidation of styrylcyclohex-2-enone derivatives. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-007-0847-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wet 2,4,6-trichloro[1,3,5]triazine (TCT) an efficient catalyst for synthesis of α,α′-bis(substituted-benzylidene) cycloalkanones under solvent-free conditions. CATAL COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2007.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Gregg BT, Golden KC, Quinn JF, Tymoshenko DO, Earley WG, Maynard DA, Razzano DA, Rennells WM, Butcher J. Expedient Lewis Acid Catalyzed Synthesis of a 3-Substituted 5-Arylidene-1-methyl-2-thiohydantoin Library. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 9:1036-40. [PMID: 17867645 DOI: 10.1021/cc700103u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and rapid solution phase combinatorial synthesis of a 3-substituted 5-arylidene-1-methyl-2-thiohydantoin library was developed. The salient feature for this library production procedure is the addition of the Lewis acid catalyst, indium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate, which serves to facilitate the direct condensation of aldehydes with 3-substituted 1-methyl-2-thiohydantoins. Use of this Lewis acid catalyst has resulted in faster reaction times, higher conversions and better purity profiles for these condensation reactions as compared to traditional uncatalyzed reactions. The resulting 315 member library of 3-substituted 5-arylidene-1-methyl-2-thiohydantoin is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Gregg
- Department of Medical Chemistry, AMRI, 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12203, USA.
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Verma AK, Koul S, Pannu AP, Razdan TK. Novel solid-supported dimerization–heteroannulation of chalcones: simple and efficient synthesis of 2,4,6-triaryl-3-methylarylpyridines. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Synthesis, Characterization and Correlation Analysis in Styryl 6-Methoxy-2-Naphthyl Ketones. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2007. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2007.51.2.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Motiur Rahman A, Jeong BS, Kim DH, Park JK, Lee ES, Jahng Y. A facile synthesis of α,α′-bis(substituted-benzylidene)-cycloalkanones and substituted-benzylidene heteroaromatics: utility of NaOAc as a catalyst for aldol-type reaction. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Li J, Su W, Li N. Copper Triflate–Catalyzed Cross‐Aldol Condensation: A Facile Synthesis of α,α′‐Bis(Substituted Benzylidene) Cycloalkanones. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910500278735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Li
- a Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering , College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
| | - Weike Su
- a Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering , College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
| | - Ning Li
- a Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering , College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
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Cao Y, Dai Z, Zhang R, Chen B. Aldol Condensations Catalyzed by PEG400 and Anhydrous K2CO3 Without Solvent. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-200054198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Qing Cao
- a College of Chemistry and Environmental Science , Hebei University , Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Dai
- a College of Chemistry and Environmental Science , Hebei University , Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- b Hebei Changtian Pharma , Baoding, P.R. China
| | - Bao‐Hua Chen
- a College of Chemistry and Environmental Science , Hebei University , Hebei, P.R. China
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Das B, Thirupathi P, Mahender I, Reddy KR. Convenient and facile cross-Aldol condensation catalyzed by molecular iodine: An efficient synthesis of α,α′-bis(substituted-benzylidene) cycloalkanones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2005.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Synthesis of α,α′-bis(R-benzylidene)cycloalkanones catalyzed by potassium hydrogen sulfate under solvent-free conditions. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2006. [DOI: 10.2478/s11696-006-0057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCyclopentanone or cyclohexanone were condensed with aromatic aldehydes to give corresponding α,α′-bis(R-benzylidene)cyclopentanones or α,α′-bis(R-benzylidene)cyclohexanones. The reaction was catalyzed by potassium hydrogen sulfate with a yield of 84–95% under solvent-free conditions.
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Zhou J. α,α-bis(BENZYLIDENE)CYCLOALKANONES BY CONDENSATION IN WATER UNDER PTC CATALYSIS AND MICROWAVE IRRADIATION. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/00304940509355403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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