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Kim SJ, Park SH, Myung K, Lee KY. Lamin A/C facilitates DNA damage response by modulating ATM signaling and homologous recombination pathways. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2024; 28:401-416. [PMID: 39176289 PMCID: PMC11340224 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2024.2393820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Lamin A/C, a core component of the nuclear lamina, forms a mesh-like structure beneath the inner nuclear membrane. While its structural role is well-studied, its involvement in DNA metabolism remains unclear. We conducted sequential protein fractionation to determine the subcellular localization of early DNA damage response (DDR) proteins. Our findings indicate that most DDR proteins, including ATM and the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex, are present in the nuclease - and high salt-resistant pellet fraction. Notably, ATM and MRN remain stably associated with these structures throughout the cell cycle, independent of ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DNA damage. Although Lamin A/C interacts with ATM and MRN, its depletion does not disrupt their association with nuclease-resistant structures. However, it impairs the IR-enhanced association of ATM with the nuclear matrix and ATM-mediated DDR signaling, as well as the interaction between ATM and MRN. This disruption impedes the recruitment of MRE11 to damaged DNA and the association of damaged DNA with the nuclear matrix. Additionally, Lamin A/C depletion results in reduced protein levels of CtIP and RAD51, which is mediated by transcriptional regulation. This, in turn, impairs the efficiency of homologous recombination (HR). Our findings indicate that Lamin A/C plays a pivotal role in DNA damage repair (DDR) by orchestrating ATM-mediated signaling, maintaining HR protein levels, and ensuring efficient DNA repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-jung Kim
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Su Hyung Park
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Kyungjae Myung
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Kyoo-young Lee
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
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2
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Akinpelu A, Akinsipe T, Avila LA, Arnold RD, Mistriotis P. The impact of tumor microenvironment: unraveling the role of physical cues in breast cancer progression. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:823-844. [PMID: 38238542 PMCID: PMC11156564 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Metastasis accounts for the vast majority of breast cancer-related fatalities. Although the contribution of genetic and epigenetic modifications to breast cancer progression has been widely acknowledged, emerging evidence underscores the pivotal role of physical stimuli in driving breast cancer metastasis. In this review, we summarize the changes in the mechanics of the breast cancer microenvironment and describe the various forces that impact migrating and circulating tumor cells throughout the metastatic process. We also discuss the mechanosensing and mechanotransducing molecules responsible for promoting the malignant phenotype in breast cancer cells. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the mechanobiology of breast cancer carries substantial potential to propel progress in prognosis, diagnosis, and patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayuba Akinpelu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Tosin Akinsipe
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - L Adriana Avila
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Robert D Arnold
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Panagiotis Mistriotis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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3
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Karpova A, Samer S, Turacak R, Yuanxiang P, Kreutz MR. Integration of nuclear Ca 2+ transients and subnuclear protein shuttling provides a novel mechanism for the regulation of CREB-dependent gene expression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:228. [PMID: 37491479 PMCID: PMC10368568 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear Ca2+ waves elicited by NMDAR and L-type voltage-gated Ca2+-channels as well as protein transport from synapse-to-nucleus are both instrumental in control of plasticity-related gene expression. At present it is not known whether fast [Ca2+]n transients converge in the nucleus with signaling of synapto-nuclear protein messenger. Jacob is a protein that translocate a signalosome from N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) to the nucleus and that docks this signalosome to the transcription factor CREB. Here we show that the residing time of Jacob in the nucleoplasm strictly correlates with nuclear [Ca2+]n transients elicited by neuronal activity. A steep increase in [Ca2+]n induces instantaneous uncoupling of Jacob from LaminB1 at the nuclear lamina and promotes the association with the transcription factor cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) in hippocampal neurons. The size of the Jacob pool at the nuclear lamina is controlled by previous activity-dependent nuclear import, and thereby captures the previous history of NMDAR-induced nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. Moreover, the localization of Jacob at the nuclear lamina strongly correlates with synaptic activity and [Ca2+]n waves reflecting ongoing neuronal activity. In consequence, the resulting extension of the nuclear residing time of Jacob amplifies the capacity of the Jacob signalosome to regulate CREB-dependent gene expression and will, thereby, compensate for the relatively small number of molecules reaching the nucleus from individual synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karpova
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto von Guericke University, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Samer
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rabia Turacak
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - PingAn Yuanxiang
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto von Guericke University, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Leibniz Group 'Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function', Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.
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4
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Kliszczak M, Moralli D, Jankowska JD, Bryjka P, Subha Meem L, Goncalves T, Hester SS, Fischer R, Clynes D, Green CM. Loss of FAM111B protease mutated in hereditary fibrosing poikiloderma negatively regulates telomere length. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1175069. [PMID: 37342232 PMCID: PMC10277729 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1175069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary fibrosing poikiloderma (HFP) is a rare human dominant negative disorder caused by mutations in the FAM111B gene that encodes a nuclear trypsin-like serine protease. HFP patients present with symptoms including skin abnormalities, tendon contractures, myopathy and lung fibrosis. We characterized the cellular roles of human FAM111B using U2OS and MCF7 cell lines and report here that the protease interacts with components of the nuclear pore complex. Loss of FAM111B expression resulted in abnormal nuclear shape and reduced telomeric DNA content suggesting that FAM111B protease is required for normal telomere length; we show that this function is independent of telomerase or recombination driven telomere extension. Even though FAM111B-deficient cells were proficient in DNA repair, they showed hallmarks of genomic instability such as increased levels of micronuclei and ultra-fine DNA bridges. When mutated as in HFP, FAM111B was more frequently localized to the nuclear envelope, suggesting that accumulation of the mutated protease at the nuclear periphery may drive the disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Kliszczak
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Moralli
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Julia D. Jankowska
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paulina Bryjka
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lamia Subha Meem
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas Goncalves
- Oncology Department, Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Svenja S. Hester
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Roman Fischer
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David Clynes
- Oncology Department, Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine M. Green
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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5
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Balaji AK, Saha S, Deshpande S, Poola D, Sengupta K. Nuclear envelope, chromatin organizers, histones, and DNA: The many achilles heels exploited across cancers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1068347. [PMID: 36589746 PMCID: PMC9800887 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1068347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, the genome is organized in the form of chromatin composed of DNA and histones that organize and regulate gene expression. The dysregulation of chromatin remodeling, including the aberrant incorporation of histone variants and their consequent post-translational modifications, is prevalent across cancers. Additionally, nuclear envelope proteins are often deregulated in cancers, which impacts the 3D organization of the genome. Altered nuclear morphology, genome organization, and gene expression are defining features of cancers. With advances in single-cell sequencing, imaging technologies, and high-end data mining approaches, we are now at the forefront of designing appropriate small molecules to selectively inhibit the growth and proliferation of cancer cells in a genome- and epigenome-specific manner. Here, we review recent advances and the emerging significance of aberrations in nuclear envelope proteins, histone variants, and oncohistones in deregulating chromatin organization and gene expression in oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kundan Sengupta
- Chromosome Biology Lab (CBL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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6
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Velásquez ZD, Rojas-Barón L, Larrazabal C, Salierno M, Gärtner U, Pervizaj-Oruqaj L, Herold S, Hermosilla C, Taubert A. Neospora caninum Infection Triggers S-phase Arrest and Alters Nuclear Characteristics in Primary Bovine Endothelial Host Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:946335. [PMID: 36111335 PMCID: PMC9469085 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.946335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neospora caninum represents a major cause of abortive disease in bovines and small ruminants worldwide. As a typical obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite, N. caninum needs to modulate its host cell for successful replication. In the current study, we focused on parasite-driven interference with host cell cycle progression. By performing DNA content-based cell cycle phase analyses in N. caninum-infected primary bovine umbilical vein endothelial cells (BUVEC), a parasite-driven S-phase arrest was detected at both 24 and 32 h p. i., being paralleled by fewer host cells experiencing the G0/G1 cell cycle phase. When analyzing S-subphases, proliferation cell nuclear antigen (per PCNA)-based experiments showed a reduced population of BUVEC in the late S-phase. Analyses on key molecules of cell cycle regulation documented a significant alteration of cyclin A2 and cyclin B1 abundance in N. caninum-infected host endothelial cells, thereby confirming irregularities in the S-phase and S-to-G2/M-phase transition. In line with cell cycle alterations, general nuclear parameters revealed smaller nuclear sizes and morphological abnormalities of BUVEC nuclei within the N. caninum-infected host cell layer. The latter observations were also confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and by analyses of lamin B1 as a marker of nuclear lamina, which illustrated an inhomogeneous nuclear lamin B1 distribution, nuclear foldings, and invaginations, thereby reflecting nuclear misshaping. Interestingly, the latter finding applied to both non-infected and infected host cells within parasitized BUVEC layer. Additionally, actin detection indicated alterations in the perinuclear actin cap formation since typical nucleo-transversal filaments were consistently lacking in N. caninum-infected BUVEC, as also documented by significantly decreased actin-related intensities in the perinuclear region. These data indicate that N. caninum indeed alters host cell cycle progression and severely affects the host cell nuclear phenotype in primary bovine endothelial host cells. In summary, these findings add novel data on the complex N. caninum-specific modulation of host cell and nucleus, thereby demonstrating clear differences in cell cycle progression modulation driven by other closely related apicomplexans like Toxoplasma gondii and Besnotia besnoiti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahady D. Velásquez
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Zahady D. Velásquez,
| | - Lisbeth Rojas-Barón
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Camilo Larrazabal
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marcelo Salierno
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrich Gärtner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Learta Pervizaj-Oruqaj
- Department of Medicine V Internal Medicine Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardipulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Herold
- Department of Medicine V Internal Medicine Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardipulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany
| | - Carlos Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anja Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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7
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Abstract
Lamins interact with a host of nuclear membrane proteins, transcription factors, chromatin regulators, signaling molecules, splicing factors, and even chromatin itself to form a nuclear subcompartment, the nuclear lamina, that is involved in a variety of cellular processes such as the governance of nuclear integrity, nuclear positioning, mitosis, DNA repair, DNA replication, splicing, signaling, mechanotransduction and -sensation, transcriptional regulation, and genome organization. Lamins are the primary scaffold for this nuclear subcompartment, but interactions with lamin-associated peptides in the inner nuclear membrane are self-reinforcing and mutually required. Lamins also interact, directly and indirectly, with peripheral heterochromatin domains called lamina-associated domains (LADs) and help to regulate dynamic 3D genome organization and expression of developmentally regulated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianrong Wong
- Laboratory of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore 138648
| | - Ashley J Melendez-Perez
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Center for Epigenetics, Johns Hopkins University of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Karen L Reddy
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Center for Epigenetics, Johns Hopkins University of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
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Scaling concepts in 'omics: Nuclear lamin-B scales with tumor growth and often predicts poor prognosis, unlike fibrosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2112940118. [PMID: 34810266 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2112940118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Physicochemical principles such as stoichiometry and fractal assembly can give rise to characteristic scaling between components that potentially include coexpressed transcripts. For key structural factors within the nucleus and extracellular matrix, we discover specific gene-gene scaling exponents across many of the 32 tumor types in The Cancer Genome Atlas, and we demonstrate utility in predicting patient survival as well as scaling-informed machine learning (SIML). All tumors with adjacent tissue data show cancer-elevated proliferation genes, with some genes scaling with the nuclear filament LMNB1, including the transcription factor FOXM1 that we show directly regulates LMNB1 SIML shows that such regulated cancers cluster together with longer overall survival than dysregulated cancers, but high LMNB1 and FOXM1 in half of regulated cancers surprisingly predict poor survival, including for liver cancer. COL1A1 is also studied because it too increases in tumors, and a pan-cancer set of fibrosis genes shows substoichiometric scaling with COL1A1 but predicts patient outcome only for liver cancer-unexpectedly being prosurvival. Single-cell RNA-seq data show nontrivial scaling consistent with power laws from bulk RNA and protein analyses, and SIML segregates synthetic from contractile cancer fibroblasts. Our scaling approach thus yields fundamentals-based power laws relatable to survival, gene function, and experiments.
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NTRK1/TrkA Signaling in Neuroblastoma Cells Induces Nuclear Reorganization and Intra-Nuclear Aggregation of Lamin A/C. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215293. [PMID: 34771457 PMCID: PMC8582546 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Neuroblastoma (NB) accounts for 15% of all cancer-related deaths of children. While the amplification of the Myc-N proto-oncogene (MYCN) is a major driver of aggressive NB, the expression of the neurotrophin receptor, NTRK1/TrkA, has been shown to be associated with an excellent outcome. MYCN downregulates NTRK1 expression, but it is unknown if the molecular effects of NTRK1 signaling also affect MYCN-induced networks. The aim of this study was to decipher NTRK1 signaling using an unbiased proteome and phosphoproteome approach. To this end, we realized inducible ectopic NTRK1 expression in a NB cell line with MYCN amplification and analyzed the proteomic changes upon NTRK1 activation in a time-dependent manner. In line with the phenotypes observed, NTRK1 activation induced markers of neuronal differentiation and cell cycle arrest. Most prominently, NTRK1 upregulated the expression and phosphorylation of the nuclear lamina component Lamin A/C. Moreover, NTRK1 signaling also induced the aggregation of LMNA within nucleic foci, which accompanies differentiation in other cell types. Abstract (1) Background: Neuroblastomas (NBs) are the most common extracranial solid tumors of children. The amplification of the Myc-N proto-oncogene (MYCN) is a major driver of NB aggressiveness, while high expression of the neurotrophin receptor NTRK1/TrkA is associated with mild disease courses. The molecular effects of NTRK1 signaling in MYCN-amplified NB, however, are still poorly understood and require elucidation. (2) Methods: Inducible NTRK1 expression was realized in four NB cell lines with (IMR5, NGP) or without MYCN amplification (SKNAS, SH-SY5Y). Proteome and phosphoproteome dynamics upon NTRK1 activation by its ligand, NGF, were analyzed in a time-dependent manner in IMR5 cells. Target validation by immunofluorescence staining and automated image processing was performed using the three other NB cell lines. (3) Results: In total, 230 proteins and 134 single phosphorylated class I phosphosites were found to be significantly regulated upon NTRK1 activation. Among known NTRK1 targets, Stathmin and the neurosecretory protein VGF were recovered. Additionally, we observed the upregulation and phosphorylation of Lamin A/C (LMNA) that accumulated inside nuclear foci. (4) Conclusions: We provide a comprehensive picture of NTRK1-induced proteome and phosphoproteome dynamics. The phosphorylation of LMNA within nucleic aggregates was identified as a prominent feature of NTRK1 signaling independent of the MYCN status of NB cells.
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10
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Graziano S, Coll-Bonfill N, Teodoro-Castro B, Kuppa S, Jackson J, Shashkova E, Mahajan U, Vindigni A, Antony E, Gonzalo S. Lamin A/C recruits ssDNA protective proteins RPA and RAD51 to stalled replication forks to maintain fork stability. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101301. [PMID: 34648766 PMCID: PMC8571089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamin A/C provides a nuclear scaffold for compartmentalization of genome function that is important for genome integrity. Lamin A/C dysfunction is associated with cancer, aging, and degenerative diseases. The mechanisms whereby lamin A/C regulates genome stability remain poorly understood. We demonstrate a crucial role for lamin A/C in DNA replication. Lamin A/C binds to nascent DNA, especially during replication stress (RS), ensuring the recruitment of replication fork protective factors RPA and RAD51. These ssDNA-binding proteins, considered the first and second responders to RS respectively, function in the stabilization, remodeling, and repair of the stalled fork to ensure proper restart and genome stability. Reduced recruitment of RPA and RAD51 upon lamin A/C depletion elicits replication fork instability (RFI) characterized by MRE11 nuclease–mediated degradation of nascent DNA, RS-induced DNA damage, and sensitivity to replication inhibitors. Importantly, unlike homologous recombination–deficient cells, RFI in lamin A/C-depleted cells is not linked to replication fork reversal. Thus, the point of entry of nucleases is not the reversed fork but regions of ssDNA generated during RS that are not protected by RPA and RAD51. Consistently, RFI in lamin A/C-depleted cells is rescued by exogenous overexpression of RPA or RAD51. These data unveil involvement of structural nuclear proteins in the protection of ssDNA from nucleases during RS by promoting recruitment of RPA and RAD51 to stalled forks. Supporting this model, we show physical interaction between RPA and lamin A/C. We suggest that RS is a major source of genomic instability in laminopathies and lamin A/C-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Graziano
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nuria Coll-Bonfill
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Barbara Teodoro-Castro
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sahiti Kuppa
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jessica Jackson
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Elena Shashkova
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Urvashi Mahajan
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alessandro Vindigni
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Edwin Antony
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Susana Gonzalo
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
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11
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Ovsiannikova NL, Lavrushkina SV, Ivanova AV, Mazina LM, Zhironkina OA, Kireev II. Lamin A as a Determinant of Mechanical Properties of the Cell Nucleus in Health and Disease. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2021; 86:1288-1300. [PMID: 34903160 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
One of the main factors associated with worse prognosis in oncology is metastasis, which is based on the ability of tumor cells to migrate from the primary source and to form secondary tumors. The search for new strategies to control migration of metastatic cells is one of the urgent issues in biomedicine. One of the strategies to stop spread of cancer cells could be regulation of the nuclear elasticity. Nucleus, as the biggest and stiffest cellular compartment, determines mechanical properties of the cell as a whole, and, hence, could prevent cell migration through the three-dimensional extracellular matrix. Nuclear rigidity is maintained by the nuclear lamina, two-dimensional network of intermediate filaments in the inner nuclear membrane (INM). Here we present the most significant factors defining nucleus rigidity, discuss the role of nuclear envelope composition in the cell migration, as well consider possible approaches to control lamina composition in order to change plasticity of the cell nucleus and ability of the tumor cells to metastasize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L Ovsiannikova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Lavrushkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Ivanova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Ludmila M Mazina
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Oxana A Zhironkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Igor I Kireev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Moscow, 117198, Russia
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12
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The Cytoskeleton and Its Roles in Self-Organization Phenomena: Insights from Xenopus Egg Extracts. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092197. [PMID: 34571847 PMCID: PMC8465277 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-organization of and by the cytoskeleton is central to the biology of the cell. Since their introduction in the early 1980s, cytoplasmic extracts derived from the eggs of the African clawed-frog, Xenopus laevis, have flourished as a major experimental system to study the various facets of cytoskeleton-dependent self-organization. Over the years, the many investigations that have used these extracts uniquely benefited from their simplified cell cycle, large experimental volumes, biochemical tractability and cell-free nature. Here, we review the contributions of egg extracts to our understanding of the cytoplasmic aspects of self-organization by the microtubule and the actomyosin cytoskeletons as well as the importance of cytoskeletal filaments in organizing nuclear structure and function.
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Sferra A, Fortugno P, Motta M, Aiello C, Petrini S, Ciolfi A, Cipressa F, Moroni I, Leuzzi V, Pieroni L, Marini F, Boespflug Tanguy O, Eymard-Pierre E, Danti FR, Compagnucci C, Zambruno G, Brusco A, Santorelli FM, Chiapparini L, Francalanci P, Loizzo AL, Tartaglia M, Cestra G, Bertini E. Biallelic mutations in RNF220 cause laminopathies featuring leukodystrophy, ataxia and deafness. Brain 2021; 144:3020-3035. [PMID: 33964137 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukodystrophies are a heterogeneous group of rare inherited disorders that involve preferentially the white matter of the central nervous system (CNS). These conditions are characterized by a primary glial cell and myelin sheath pathology of variable etiology, which causes secondary axonal degeneration, generally emerging with disease progression. Whole exome sequencing performed in 5 large consanguineous nuclear families allowed to identify homozygosity for two recurrent missense variants affecting highly conserved residues of RNF220 as the causative event underlying a novel form of leukodystrophy with ataxia and sensorineural deafness. We report on two homozygous missense variants (p.R363Q and p.R365Q) in the ubiquitin E3 ligase RNF220 as the cause underlying a novel form of leukodystrophy with ataxia and sensorineural deafness having fibrotic cardiomyopathy and hepatopathy as associated features, in seven consanguineous families. Mass spectrometry analysis identified lamin B1 as RNF220 binding protein and co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated reduced binding of both RNF220 mutants to lamin B1. We demonstrate that RNF220 silencing in Drosophila melanogaster specifically affects proper localization of lamin Dm0, the fly lamin B1 orthologue, promotes its aggregation, and causes a neurodegenerative phenotype, strongly supporting the functional link between RNF220 and lamin B1. Finally, we demonstrate that RNF220 plays a crucial role in the maintenance of nuclear morphology: mutations primary skin fibroblasts determine nuclear abnormalities such as blebs, herniations and invaginations, which are typically observed in cells of patients affected by laminopathies. Overall, our data identify RNF220 as a gene implicated in leukodystrophy with ataxia and sensorineural deafness, and document a critical role of RNF220 in the regulation of nuclear lamina. Our findings provide further evidence on the direct link between nuclear lamina dysfunction and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Sferra
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Fortugno
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences University of L'Aquila, 00167 Rome, Italy.,Human Functional Genomics, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Marialetizia Motta
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Aiello
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Petrini
- Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Research Laboratories, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cipressa
- University of Rome "Sapienza", Department of Biology and Biotechnology, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Moroni
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Federica Marini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.,Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Odile Boespflug Tanguy
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Centre de reference leucodystrophies et leucoencephalopathies de cause rare (LEUKOFRANCE), APHP Hopital Robert-Debré, 75019 Paris, France.,Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, UMR 1141 INSERM 75651 Paris, France
| | - Eleonore Eymard-Pierre
- Service de Cytogénétique Médicale CHU de Clermont Ferrand, Hopital ESTAING 63003 CLERMONT FERRAND, France
| | - Federica Rachele Danti
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Compagnucci
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Zambruno
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Chiapparini
- Neuroradiology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Francalanci
- Department of Laboratories, Pathology Unit, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Livia Loizzo
- DIDASCO Società Cooperativa Sociale- Centro di riabilitazione, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Cestra
- University of Rome "Sapienza", Department of Biology and Biotechnology, 00185 Rome, Italy.,Santa Lucia IRCCS Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy.,Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), National Research Council (CNR) 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
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Willaume S, Rass E, Fontanilla-Ramirez P, Moussa A, Wanschoor P, Bertrand P. A Link between Replicative Stress, Lamin Proteins, and Inflammation. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040552. [PMID: 33918867 PMCID: PMC8070205 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-stranded breaks (DSB), the most toxic DNA lesions, are either a consequence of cellular metabolism, programmed as in during V(D)J recombination, or induced by anti-tumoral therapies or accidental genotoxic exposure. One origin of DSB sources is replicative stress, a major source of genome instability, especially when the integrity of the replication forks is not properly guaranteed. To complete stalled replication, restarting the fork requires complex molecular mechanisms, such as protection, remodeling, and processing. Recently, a link has been made between DNA damage accumulation and inflammation. Indeed, defects in DNA repair or in replication can lead to the release of DNA fragments in the cytosol. The recognition of this self-DNA by DNA sensors leads to the production of inflammatory factors. This beneficial response activating an innate immune response and destruction of cells bearing DNA damage may be considered as a novel part of DNA damage response. However, upon accumulation of DNA damage, a chronic inflammatory cellular microenvironment may lead to inflammatory pathologies, aging, and progression of tumor cells. Progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of DNA damage repair, replication stress, and cytosolic DNA production would allow to propose new therapeutical strategies against cancer or inflammatory diseases associated with aging. In this review, we describe the mechanisms involved in DSB repair, the replicative stress management, and its consequences. We also focus on new emerging links between key components of the nuclear envelope, the lamins, and DNA repair, management of replicative stress, and inflammation.
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Lim K, Haider A, Adams C, Sleigh A, Savage DB. Lipodistrophy: a paradigm for understanding the consequences of "overloading" adipose tissue. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:907-993. [PMID: 33356916 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00032.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophies have been recognized since at least the nineteenth century and, despite their rarity, tended to attract considerable medical attention because of the severity and somewhat paradoxical nature of the associated metabolic disease that so closely mimics that of obesity. Within the last 20 yr most of the monogenic subtypes have been characterized, facilitating family genetic screening and earlier disease detection as well as providing important insights into adipocyte biology and the systemic consequences of impaired adipocyte function. Even more recently, compelling genetic studies have suggested that subtle partial lipodystrophy is likely to be a major factor in prevalent insulin-resistant type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), justifying the longstanding interest in these disorders. This progress has also underpinned novel approaches to treatment that, in at least some patients, can be of considerable therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koini Lim
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Afreen Haider
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Adams
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Sleigh
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David B Savage
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Graziano S, Kreienkamp R, Coll-Bonfill N, Gonzalo S. Causes and consequences of genomic instability in laminopathies: Replication stress and interferon response. Nucleus 2019; 9:258-275. [PMID: 29637811 PMCID: PMC5973265 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2018.1454168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian nuclei are equipped with a framework of intermediate filaments that function as a karyoskeleton. This nuclear scaffold, formed primarily by lamins (A-type and B-type), maintains the spatial and functional organization of the genome and of sub-nuclear compartments. Over the past decade, a body of evidence has highlighted the significance of these structural nuclear proteins in the maintenance of nuclear architecture and mechanical stability, as well as genome function and integrity. The importance of these structures is now unquestioned given the wide range of degenerative diseases that stem from LMNA gene mutations, including muscular dystrophy disorders, peripheral neuropathies, lipodystrophies, and premature aging syndromes. Here, we review our knowledge about how alterations in nuclear lamins, either by mutation or reduced expression, impact cellular mechanisms that maintain genome integrity. Despite the fact that DNA replication is the major source of DNA damage and genomic instability in dividing cells, how alterations in lamins function impact replication remains minimally explored. We summarize recent studies showing that lamins play a role in DNA replication, and that the DNA damage that accumulates upon lamins dysfunction is elicited in part by deprotection of replication forks. We also discuss the emerging model that DNA damage and replication stress are “sensed” at the cytoplasm by proteins that normally survey this space in search of foreign nucleic acids. In turn, these cytosolic sensors activate innate immune responses, which are materializing as important players in aging and cancer, as well as in the response to cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Graziano
- a Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Saint Louis University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Ray Kreienkamp
- a Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Saint Louis University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Nuria Coll-Bonfill
- a Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Saint Louis University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Susana Gonzalo
- a Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Saint Louis University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
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Bianchi A, Manti PG, Lucini F, Lanzuolo C. Mechanotransduction, nuclear architecture and epigenetics in Emery Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy: tous pour un, un pour tous. Nucleus 2019; 9:276-290. [PMID: 29619865 PMCID: PMC5973142 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2018.1460044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The alteration of the several roles that Lamin A/C plays in the mammalian cell leads to a broad spectrum of pathologies that – all together – are named laminopathies. Among those, the Emery Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy (EDMD) is of particular interest as, despite the several known mutations of Lamin A/C, the genotype–phenotype correlation still remains poorly understood; this suggests that the epigenetic background of patients might play an important role during the time course of the disease. Historically, both a mechanical role of Lamin A/C and a regulative one have been suggested as the driving force of laminopathies; however, those two hypotheses are not mutually exclusive. Recent scientific evidence shows that Lamin A/C sustains the correct gene expression at the epigenetic level thanks to the Lamina Associated Domains (LADs) reorganization and the crosstalk with the Polycomb Group of Proteins (PcG). Furthermore, the PcG-dependent histone mark H3K27me3 increases under mechanical stress, finally pointing out the link between the mechano-properties of the nuclear lamina and epigenetics. Here, we summarize the emerging mechanisms that could explain the high variability seen in Emery Dreifuss muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bianchi
- a CNR Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia , Rome , Italy.,b Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi , Milan , Italy
| | | | - Federica Lucini
- b Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi , Milan , Italy
| | - Chiara Lanzuolo
- a CNR Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia , Rome , Italy.,b Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi , Milan , Italy.,c Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia , Rome , Italy
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18
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Genomic instability and innate immune responses to self-DNA in progeria. GeroScience 2019; 41:255-266. [PMID: 31280482 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00082-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, we have seen increasing evidence of the importance of structural nuclear proteins such as lamins in nuclear architecture and compartmentalization of genome function and in the maintenance of mechanical stability and genome integrity. With over 400 mutations identified in the LMNA gene (encoding for A-type lamins) associated with more than ten distinct degenerative disorders, the role of lamins as genome caretakers and the contribution of lamins dysfunction to disease are unarguable. However, the molecular mechanisms whereby lamins mutations cause pathologies remain less understood. Here, we review pathways and mechanisms recently identified as playing a role in the pathophysiology of laminopathies, with special emphasis in Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS). This devastating incurable accelerated aging disease is caused by a silent mutation in the LMNA gene that generates a truncated lamin A protein "progerin" that exerts profound cellular toxicity and organismal decline. Patients usually die in their teens due to cardiovascular complications such as myocardial infarction or stroke. To date, there are no efficient therapies that ameliorate disease progression, stressing the need to understand molecularly disease mechanisms that can be targeted therapeutically. We will summarize data supporting that replication stress is a major cause of genomic instability in laminopathies, which contributes to the activation of innate immune responses to self-DNA that in turn accelerate the aging process.
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19
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Kreienkamp R, Gonzalo S. Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome: Challenges at Bench and Bedside. Subcell Biochem 2019; 91:435-451. [PMID: 30888661 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3681-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The structural nuclear proteins known as "lamins" (A-type and B-type) provide a scaffold for the compartmentalization of genome function that is important to maintain genome stability. Mutations in the LMNA gene -encoding for A-type lamins- are associated with over a dozen of degenerative disorders termed laminopathies, which include muscular dystrophies, lipodystrophies, neuropathies, and premature ageing diseases such as Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS). This devastating disease is caused by the expression of a truncated lamin A protein named "progerin". To date, there is no effective treatment for HGPS patients, who die in their teens from cardiovascular disease. At a cellular level, progerin expression impacts nuclear architecture, chromatin organization, response to mechanical stress, and DNA transactions such as transcription, replication and repair. However, the current view is that key mechanisms behind progerin toxicity still remain to be discovered. Here, we discuss new findings about pathological mechanisms in HGPS, especially the contribution of replication stress to cellular decline, and therapeutic strategies to ameliorate progerin toxicity. In particular, we present evidence for retinoids and calcitriol (hormonal vitamin D metabolite) being among the most potent compounds to ameliorate HGPS cellular phenotypes in vitro, providing the rationale for testing these compounds in preclinical models of the disease in the near term, and in patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Kreienkamp
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Doisy Research Center, St Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Susana Gonzalo
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Doisy Research Center, St Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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20
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Jia Y, Vong JSL, Asafova A, Garvalov BK, Caputo L, Cordero J, Singh A, Boettger T, Günther S, Fink L, Acker T, Barreto G, Seeger W, Braun T, Savai R, Dobreva G. Lamin B1 loss promotes lung cancer development and metastasis by epigenetic derepression of RET. J Exp Med 2019; 216:1377-1395. [PMID: 31015297 PMCID: PMC6547854 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although abnormal nuclear structure is an important criterion for cancer diagnostics, remarkably little is known about its relationship to tumor development. Here we report that loss of lamin B1, a determinant of nuclear architecture, plays a key role in lung cancer. We found that lamin B1 levels were reduced in lung cancer patients. Lamin B1 silencing in lung epithelial cells promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell migration, tumor growth, and metastasis. Mechanistically, we show that lamin B1 recruits the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) to alter the H3K27me3 landscape and repress genes involved in cell migration and signaling. In particular, epigenetic derepression of the RET proto-oncogene by loss of PRC2 recruitment, and activation of the RET/p38 signaling axis, play a crucial role in mediating the malignant phenotype upon lamin B1 disruption. Importantly, loss of a single lamin B1 allele induced spontaneous lung tumor formation and RET activation. Thus, lamin B1 acts as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer, linking aberrant nuclear structure and epigenetic patterning with malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhan Jia
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM) and European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Joaquim Si-Long Vong
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Alina Asafova
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Boyan K Garvalov
- Microvascular Biology and Pathobiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Luca Caputo
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Julio Cordero
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM) and European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anshu Singh
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM) and European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Boettger
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ludger Fink
- Institute of Pathology and Cytology, Überregionale Gemeinschaftspraxis für Pathologie (ÜGP), Wetzlar, Germany
| | - Till Acker
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Gergana Dobreva
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM) and European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Alvarado-Kristensson M, Rosselló CA. The Biology of the Nuclear Envelope and Its Implications in Cancer Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2586. [PMID: 31137762 PMCID: PMC6566445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of the nuclear envelope and the subsequent compartmentalization of the genome is a defining feature of eukaryotes. Traditionally, the nuclear envelope was purely viewed as a physical barrier to preserve genetic material in eukaryotic cells. However, in the last few decades, it has been revealed to be a critical cellular component in controlling gene expression and has been implicated in several human diseases. In cancer, the relevance of the cell nucleus was first reported in the mid-1800s when an altered nuclear morphology was observed in tumor cells. This review aims to give a current and comprehensive view of the role of the nuclear envelope on cancer first by recapitulating the changes of the nuclear envelope during cell division, second, by reviewing the role of the nuclear envelope in cell cycle regulation, signaling, and the regulation of the genome, and finally, by addressing the nuclear envelope link to cell migration and metastasis and its use in cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alvarado-Kristensson
- Molecular Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 20502 Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Catalina Ana Rosselló
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, University of the Balearic Islands, 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- Lipopharma Therapeutics, Isaac Newton, 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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Fan Y, Sanyal S, Bruzzone R. Breaking Bad: How Viruses Subvert the Cell Cycle. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:396. [PMID: 30510918 PMCID: PMC6252338 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between the host and viruses during the course of their co-evolution have not only shaped cellular function and the immune system, but also the counter measures employed by viruses. Relatively small genomes and high replication rates allow viruses to accumulate mutations and continuously present the host with new challenges. It is therefore, no surprise that they either escape detection or modulate host physiology, often by redirecting normal cellular pathways to their own advantage. Viruses utilize a diverse array of strategies and molecular targets to subvert host cellular processes, while evading detection. These include cell-cycle regulation, major histocompatibility complex-restricted antigen presentation, intracellular protein transport, apoptosis, cytokine-mediated signaling, and humoral immune responses. Moreover, viruses routinely manipulate the host cell cycle to create a favorable environment for replication, largely by deregulating cell cycle checkpoints. This review focuses on our current understanding of the molecular aspects of cell cycle regulation that are often targeted by viruses. Further study of their interactions should provide fundamental insights into cell cycle regulation and improve our ability to exploit these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fan
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Sumana Sanyal
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,LKS Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Roberto Bruzzone
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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23
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Krishnamoorthy V, Khanna R, Parnaik VK. E3 ubiquitin ligase HECW2 targets PCNA and lamin B1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1088-1104. [PMID: 29753763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lamins constitute the major architectural proteins of the nuclear lamina that help in maintaining nuclear organization. Mutations in lamins are associated with diverse degenerative diseases, collectively termed laminopathies. HECW2, a HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, is transcriptionally upregulated in HeLa cells expressing Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy-causing-lamin A mutants. However, the role of HECW2 upregulation in mediating downstream effects in lamin mutant-expressing cells was previously unexplored. Here, we show that HECW2 interacts with two lamin A-binding proteins, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), via a canonical PCNA-interacting protein (PIP) motif, and lamin B1. HECW2 mediates their ubiquitination and targets them for proteasomal degradation. Cells expressing lamin A mutants G232E and Q294P, in which HECW2 is upregulated, show increased proteasomal degradation of PCNA and lamin B1 most likely mediated by HECW2. Our findings establish HECW2 as an E3 ubiquitin ligase for PCNA and lamin B1 which regulates their levels in laminopathic cells. We also found that HECW2 interacts with wild-type lamin A and ubiquitinates it and this interaction is reduced in case of lamin mutants G232E and Q294P. Our findings suggest that interplay among HECW2, lamin A, PCNA, and lamin B1 determines their respective homeostatic levels in the cell and dysregulation of these interactions may contribute to the pathogenicity of laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richa Khanna
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Veena K Parnaik
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.
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Vidak S, Georgiou K, Fichtinger P, Naetar N, Dechat T, Foisner R. Nucleoplasmic lamins define growth-regulating functions of lamina-associated polypeptide 2α in progeria cells. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs208462. [PMID: 29361532 PMCID: PMC5826045 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.208462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A-type lamins are components of the peripheral nuclear lamina but also localize in the nuclear interior in a complex with lamina-associated polypeptide (LAP) 2α. Loss of LAP2α and nucleoplasmic lamins in wild-type cells increases cell proliferation, but in cells expressing progerin (a mutant lamin A that causes Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome), low LAP2α levels result in proliferation defects. Here, the aim was to understand the molecular mechanism governing how relative levels of LAP2α, progerin and nucleoplasmic lamins affect cell proliferation. Cells from progeria patients and inducible progerin-expressing cells expressing low levels of progerin proliferate faster than wild-type or lamin A-expressing control cells, and ectopic expression of LAP2α impairs proliferation. In contrast, cells expressing high levels of progerin and lacking lamins in the nuclear interior proliferate more slowly, and ectopic LAP2α expression enhances proliferation. However, simultaneous expression of LAP2α and wild-type lamin A or an assembly-deficient lamin A mutant restored the nucleoplasmic lamin A pool in these cells and abolished the growth-promoting effect of LAP2α. Our data show that LAP2α promotes or inhibits proliferation of progeria cells depending on the level of A-type lamins in the nuclear interior.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Vidak
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), Center of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Konstantina Georgiou
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), Center of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Fichtinger
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), Center of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nana Naetar
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), Center of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Dechat
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), Center of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Foisner
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), Center of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
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25
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Hong YR, Lam CH, Tan KT. Fluorogenic Protein Labeling Probes to Study the Morphological Interplay between PreLamin and Mature Lamin. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:2895-2902. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ru Hong
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied
Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Sec.
2, Kuang Fu Rd, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Chak Hin Lam
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied
Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Sec.
2, Kuang Fu Rd, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Kui-Thong Tan
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied
Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Sec.
2, Kuang Fu Rd, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (ROC)
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26
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Serebryannyy L, Misteli T. Protein sequestration at the nuclear periphery as a potential regulatory mechanism in premature aging. J Cell Biol 2017; 217:21-37. [PMID: 29051264 PMCID: PMC5748986 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201706061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Serebryannyy and Misteli provide a perspective on how protein sequestration at the inner nuclear membrane and nuclear lamina might influence aging. Despite the extensive description of numerous molecular changes associated with aging, insights into the driver mechanisms of this fundamental biological process are limited. Based on observations in the premature aging syndrome Hutchinson–Gilford progeria, we explore the possibility that protein regulation at the inner nuclear membrane and the nuclear lamina contributes to the aging process. In support, sequestration of nucleoplasmic proteins to the periphery impacts cell stemness, the response to cytotoxicity, proliferation, changes in chromatin state, and telomere stability. These observations point to the nuclear periphery as a central regulator of the aging phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom Misteli
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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27
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Ma Y, Fei L, Zhang M, Zhang W, Liu X, Wang C, Luo Y, Zhang H, Han Y. Lamin B2 binding to minichromosome maintenance complex component 7 promotes non-small cell lung carcinogenesis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:104813-104830. [PMID: 29285216 PMCID: PMC5739603 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of lamin B2 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We detected higher lamin B2 expression in 20 NSCLC tumor tissues obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas than in adjacent normal lung tissues. LMNB2-RNAi knockdown in A549 and H1299 NSCLC cells inhibited colony formation, cell proliferation and G1-S cell cycle progression while increasing apoptosis. LMNB2 overexpression had the opposite effects. Tumor xenograft experiments showed diminished tumor growth with LMNB2 knockdown H1299 cells than with controls. Yeast two-hybrid studies revealed minichromosome maintenance complex component 7 (MCM7) to be a binding partner of lamin B2, which was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization studies. Lamin B2 binding enhanced DNA binding and helicase activities of MCM7. Deletion analysis with MCM7-N, MCM7-M or MCM7-C mutant proteins showed that lamin B2 binds to the C-terminus of MCM7, and competes with the binding of the tumor suppressor retinoblastoma (RB) protein. Immunohistochemical analysis of 150 NSCLC patient samples revealed that both lamin B2 and MCM7 levels positively correlated with histological grade and tumor TNM stage. Moreover, high lamin B2 and MCM7 levels correlated with shorter overall survival of NSCLC patients. In sum, these results show that lamin B2 interaction with MCM7 promotes NSCLC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Ma
- Departments of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Liangru Fei
- Departments of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Meiyu Zhang
- Departments of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenzhu Zhang
- Departments of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Departments of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Yuchen Han
- Departments of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Liaoning, China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China.,Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai, China
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28
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Mistriotis P, Andreadis ST. Vascular aging: Molecular mechanisms and potential treatments for vascular rejuvenation. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 37:94-116. [PMID: 28579130 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the main risk factor contributing to vascular dysfunction and the progression of vascular diseases. In this review, we discuss the causes and mechanisms of vascular aging at the tissue and cellular level. We focus on Endothelial Cell (EC) and Smooth Muscle Cell (SMC) aging due to their critical role in mediating the defective vascular phenotype. We elaborate on two categories that contribute to cellular dysfunction: cell extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Extrinsic factors reflect systemic or environmental changes which alter EC and SMC homeostasis compromising vascular function. Intrinsic factors induce EC and SMC transformation resulting in cellular senescence. Replenishing or rejuvenating the aged/dysfunctional vascular cells is critical to the effective repair of the vasculature. As such, this review also elaborates on recent findings which indicate that stem cell and gene therapies may restore the impaired vascular cell function, reverse vascular aging, and prolong lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Mistriotis
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Stelios T Andreadis
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA; Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
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29
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Hilton BA, Liu J, Cartwright BM, Liu Y, Breitman M, Wang Y, Jones R, Tang H, Rusinol A, Musich PR, Zou Y. Progerin sequestration of PCNA promotes replication fork collapse and mislocalization of XPA in laminopathy-related progeroid syndromes. FASEB J 2017; 31:3882-3893. [PMID: 28515154 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700014r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic disorder that is caused by a point mutation in the LMNA gene, resulting in production of a truncated farnesylated-prelamin A protein (progerin). We previously reported that XPA mislocalized to the progerin-induced DNA double-strand break (DSB) sites, blocking DSB repair, which led to DSB accumulation, DNA damage responses, and early replication arrest in HGPS. In this study, the XPA mislocalization to DSBs occurred at stalled or collapsed replication forks, concurrent with a significant loss of PCNA at the forks, whereas PCNA efficiently bound to progerin. This PCNA sequestration likely exposed ds-ssDNA junctions at replication forks for XPA binding. Depletion of XPA or progerin each significantly restored PCNA at replication forks. Our results suggest that although PCNA is much more competitive than XPA in binding replication forks, PCNA sequestration by progerin may shift the equilibrium to favor XPA binding. Furthermore, we demonstrated that progerin-induced apoptosis could be rescued by XPA, suggesting that XPA-replication fork binding may prevent apoptosis in HGPS cells. Our results propose a mechanism for progerin-induced genome instability and accelerated replicative senescence in HGPS.-Hilton, B. A., Liu, J., Cartwright, B. M., Liu, Y., Breitman, M., Wang, Y., Jones, R., Tang, H., Rusinol, A., Musich, P. R., Zou, Y. Progerin sequestration of PCNA promotes replication fork collapse and mislocalization of XPA in laminopathy-related progeroid syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Hilton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China Center of Medical Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Brian M Cartwright
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yiyong Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maya Breitman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Youjie Wang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rowdy Jones
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Antonio Rusinol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Phillip R Musich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yue Zou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA;
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30
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Cobb AM, Murray TV, Warren DT, Liu Y, Shanahan CM. Disruption of PCNA-lamins A/C interactions by prelamin A induces DNA replication fork stalling. Nucleus 2017; 7:498-511. [PMID: 27676213 PMCID: PMC5120601 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2016.1239685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of prelamin A is linked to disruption of cellular homeostasis, tissue degeneration and aging. Its expression is implicated in compromised genome stability and increased levels of DNA damage, but to date there is no complete explanation for how prelamin A exerts its toxic effects. As the nuclear lamina is important for DNA replication we wanted to investigate the relationship between prelamin A expression and DNA replication fork stability. In this study we report that the expression of prelamin A in U2OS cells induced both mono-ubiquitination of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and subsequent induction of Pol η, two hallmarks of DNA replication fork stalling. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that cells expressing prelamin A presented with high levels of colocalisation between PCNA and γH2AX, indicating collapse of stalled DNA replication forks into DNA double-strand breaks. Subsequent protein-protein interaction assays showed prelamin A interacted with PCNA and that its presence mitigated interactions between PCNA and the mature nuclear lamina. Thus, we propose that the cytotoxicity of prelamin A arises in part, from it actively competing against mature lamin A to bind PCNA and that this destabilises DNA replication to induce fork stalling which in turn contributes to genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Cobb
- a King's College London , The James Black Center , London , United Kingdom
| | - Thomas V Murray
- a King's College London , The James Black Center , London , United Kingdom
| | - Derek T Warren
- a King's College London , The James Black Center , London , United Kingdom
| | - Yiwen Liu
- a King's College London , The James Black Center , London , United Kingdom
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31
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Graziano S, Gonzalo S. Mechanisms of oncogene-induced genomic instability. Biophys Chem 2016; 225:49-57. [PMID: 28073589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Activating mutations in oncogenes promote uncontrolled proliferation and malignant transformation. Approximately 30% of human cancers carry mutations in the RAS oncogene. Paradoxically, expression of mutant constitutively active Ras protein in primary human cells results in a premature proliferation arrest known as oncogene-induced senescence (OIS). This is more commonly observed in human pre-neoplasia than in neoplastic lesions, and is considered a tumor suppressor mechanism. Senescent cells are still metabolically active but in a status of cell cycle arrest characterized by specific morphological and physiological features that distinguish them from both proliferating cells, and cells growth-arrested by other means. Although the molecular mechanisms by which OIS is established are not totally understood, the current view is that OIS in human cells is tightly linked to persistent activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway, as a consequence of replication stress. Here we will highlight recent advances in our understanding of molecular mechanisms leading to hyper-replication stress in response to oncogene activation, and of the crosstalk between replication stress and persistent activation of the DDR. We will also discuss new evidence for DNA repair deficiencies during OIS, which might increase the genomic instability that drives senescence bypass and malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Graziano
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Susana Gonzalo
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
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32
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Abstract
Lamins are major components of the nuclear lamina, a network of proteins that supports the nuclear envelope in metazoan cells. Over the past decade, biochemical studies have provided support for the view that lamins are not passive bystanders providing mechanical stability to the nucleus but play an active role in the organization of the genome and the function of fundamental nuclear processes. It has also become apparent that lamins are critical for human health, as a large number of mutations identified in the gene that encodes for A-type lamins are associated with tissue-specific and systemic genetic diseases, including the accelerated aging disorder known as Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Recent years have witnessed great advances in our understanding of the role of lamins in the nucleus and the functional consequences of disease-associated A-type lamin mutations. Many of these findings have been presented in comprehensive reviews. In this mini-review, we discuss recent breakthroughs in the role of lamins in health and disease and what lies ahead in lamin research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sita Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lucio Comai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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33
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Maishman L, Obado SO, Alsford S, Bart JM, Chen WM, Ratushny AV, Navarro M, Horn D, Aitchison JD, Chait BT, Rout MP, Field MC. Co-dependence between trypanosome nuclear lamina components in nuclear stability and control of gene expression. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:10554-10570. [PMID: 27625397 PMCID: PMC5159534 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear lamina is a filamentous structure subtending the nuclear envelope and required for chromatin organization, transcriptional regulation and maintaining nuclear structure. The trypanosomatid coiled-coil NUP-1 protein is a lamina component functionally analogous to lamins, the major lamina proteins of metazoa. There is little evidence for shared ancestry, suggesting the presence of a distinct lamina system in trypanosomes. To find additional trypanosomatid lamina components we identified NUP-1 interacting proteins by affinity capture and mass-spectrometry. Multiple components of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) and a second coiled-coil protein, which we termed NUP-2, were found. NUP-2 has a punctate distribution at the nuclear periphery throughout the cell cycle and is in close proximity to NUP-1, the NPCs and telomeric chromosomal regions. RNAi-mediated silencing of NUP-2 leads to severe proliferation defects, gross alterations to nuclear structure, chromosomal organization and nuclear envelope architecture. Further, transcription is altered at telomere-proximal variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) expression sites (ESs), suggesting a role in controlling ES expression, although NUP-2 silencing does not increase VSG switching. Transcriptome analysis suggests specific alterations to Pol I-dependent transcription. NUP-1 is mislocalized in NUP-2 knockdown cells and vice versa, implying that NUP-1 and NUP-2 form a co-dependent network and identifying NUP-2 as a second trypanosomatid nuclear lamina component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Maishman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Samson O Obado
- The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sam Alsford
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Jean-Mathieu Bart
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 18100 Grenada, Spain
| | - Wei-Ming Chen
- Center for Infectious Disease Research (formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute), Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alexander V Ratushny
- Center for Infectious Disease Research (formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute), Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Miguel Navarro
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 18100 Grenada, Spain
| | - David Horn
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - John D Aitchison
- Center for Infectious Disease Research (formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute), Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Brian T Chait
- The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael P Rout
- The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mark C Field
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, DD1 5EH, UK
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34
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Robin JD, Magdinier F. Physiological and Pathological Aging Affects Chromatin Dynamics, Structure and Function at the Nuclear Edge. Front Genet 2016; 7:153. [PMID: 27602048 PMCID: PMC4993774 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamins are intermediate filaments that form a complex meshwork at the inner nuclear membrane. Mammalian cells express two types of Lamins, Lamins A/C and Lamins B, encoded by three different genes, LMNA, LMNB1, and LMNB2. Mutations in the LMNA gene are associated with a group of phenotypically diverse diseases referred to as laminopathies. Lamins interact with a large number of binding partners including proteins of the nuclear envelope but also chromatin-associated factors. Lamins not only constitute a scaffold for nuclear shape, rigidity and resistance to stress but also contribute to the organization of chromatin and chromosomal domains. We will discuss here the impact of A-type Lamins loss on alterations of chromatin organization and formation of chromatin domains and how disorganization of the lamina contributes to the patho-physiology of premature aging syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme D Robin
- IRCAN, CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081, Faculté de Médecine Nice, France
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35
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Fabbretti F, Iannetti I, Guglielmi L, Perconti S, Evangelistella C, Proietti De Santis L, Bongiorni S, Prantera G. Confocal Analysis of Nuclear Lamina Behavior during Male Meiosis and Spermatogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151231. [PMID: 26963718 PMCID: PMC4786128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamin family proteins are structural components of a filamentous framework, the nuclear lamina (NL), underlying the inner membrane of nuclear envelope. The NL not only plays a role in nucleus mechanical support and nuclear shaping, but is also involved in many cellular processes including DNA replication, gene expression and chromatin positioning. Spermatogenesis is a very complex differentiation process in which each stage is characterized by nuclear architecture dramatic changes, from the early mitotic stage to the sperm differentiation final stage. Nevertheless, very few data are present in the literature on the NL behavior during this process. Here we show the first and complete description of NL behavior during meiosis and spermatogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. By confocal imaging, we characterized the NL modifications from mitotic stages, through meiotic divisions to sperm differentiation with an anti-laminDm0 antibody against the major component of the Drosophila NL. We observed that continuous changes in the NL structure occurred in parallel with chromatin reorganization throughout the whole process and that meiotic divisions occurred in a closed context. Finally, we analyzed NL in solofuso meiotic mutant, where chromatin segregation is severely affected, and found the strict correlation between the presence of chromatin and that of NL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Fabbretti
- Department of Ecology and Biology, Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
- * E-mail: (GP); (FF)
| | - Ilaria Iannetti
- Department of Ecology and Biology, Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Loredana Guglielmi
- Department of Ecology and Biology, Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Susanna Perconti
- Department of Ecology and Biology, Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | | | | | - Silvia Bongiorni
- Department of Ecology and Biology, Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Prantera
- Department of Ecology and Biology, Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
- * E-mail: (GP); (FF)
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Uchino R, Sugiyama S, Katagiri M, Chuman Y, Furukawa K. Non-farnesylated B-type lamin can tether chromatin inside the nucleus and its chromatin interaction requires the Ig-fold region. Chromosoma 2016; 126:125-144. [PMID: 26892013 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-016-0581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lamins are thought to direct heterochromatin to the nuclear lamina (NL); however, this function of lamin has not been clearly demonstrated in vivo. To address this, we analyzed polytene chromosome morphology when artificial lamin variants were expressed in Drosophila endoreplicating cells. We found that the CaaX-motif-deleted B-type lamin Dm0, but not A-type lamin C, was able to form a nuclear envelope-independent layer that was closely associated with chromatin. Other nuclear envelope proteins were not detected in this "ectopic lamina," and the associated chromatin showed a repressive histone modification maker but not a permissive histone modification marker nor RNA polymerase II proteins. Furthermore, deletion of the C-terminal lamin-Ig-fold domain prevents chromatin association with this ectopic lamina. Thus, non-farnesylated B-type lamin Dm0 can form an ectopic lamina and induce changes to chromatin structure and status inside the interphase nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Uchino
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Shin Sugiyama
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Motoi Katagiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Chuman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Furukawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan.
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Glucotoxic and diabetic conditions induce caspase 6-mediated degradation of nuclear lamin A in human islets, rodent islets and INS-1 832/13 cells. Apoptosis 2015; 19:1691-701. [PMID: 25292013 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-1038-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear lamins form the lamina on the interior surface of the nuclear envelope, and regulate nuclear metabolic events, including DNA replication and organization of chromatin. The current study is aimed at understanding the role of executioner caspase 6 on lamin A integrity in islet β-cells under duress of glucotoxic (20 mM glucose; 24 h) and diabetic conditions. Under glucotoxic conditions, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and metabolic cell viability were significantly attenuated in INS-1 832/13 cells. Further, exposure of normal human islets, rat islets and INS-1 832/13 cells to glucotoxic conditions leads to caspase 6 activation and lamin A degradation, which is also observed in islets from the Zucker diabetic fatty rat, a model for type 2 diabetes (T2D), and in islets from a human donor with T2D. Z-Val-Glu-Ile-Asp-fluoromethylketone, a specific inhibitor of caspase 6, markedly attenuated high glucose-induced caspase 6 activation and lamin A degradation, confirming that caspase 6 mediates lamin A degradation under high glucose exposure conditions. Moreover, Z-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-fluoromethylketone, a known caspase 3 inhibitor, significantly inhibited high glucose-induced caspase 6 activation and lamin A degradation, suggesting that activation of caspase 3 might be upstream to caspase 6 activation in the islet β-cell under glucotoxic conditions. Lastly, we report expression of ZMPSTE24, a zinc metallopeptidase involved in the processing of prelamin A to mature lamin A, in INS-1 832/13 cells and human islets; was unaffected by high glucose. We conclude that caspases 3 and 6 could contribute to alterations in the integrity of nuclear lamins leading to metabolic dysregulation and failure of the islet β-cell.
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Abstract
DNA replication begins with the assembly of pre-replication complexes (pre-RCs) at thousands of DNA replication origins during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. At the G1-S-phase transition, pre-RCs are converted into pre-initiation complexes, in which the replicative helicase is activated, leading to DNA unwinding and initiation of DNA synthesis. However, only a subset of origins are activated during any S phase. Recent insights into the mechanisms underlying this choice reveal how flexibility in origin usage and temporal activation are linked to chromosome structure and organization, cell growth and differentiation, and replication stress.
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Gay S, Foiani M. Nuclear envelope and chromatin, lock and key of genome integrity. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 317:267-330. [PMID: 26008788 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
More than as an inert separation between the inside and outside of the nucleus, the nuclear envelope (NE) constitutes an active toll, which controls the import and export of molecules, and also a hub for a diversity of genomic processes, such as transcription, DNA repair, and chromatin dynamics. Proteins localized at the inner surface of the NE (such as lamins, nuclear pore proteins, lamin-associated proteins) interact with chromatin in a dynamic manner, contributing to the establishment of topological domains. In this review, we address the complex interplay between chromatin and NE. We discuss the divergence of this cross talk during evolution and comment both on the current established models and the most recent findings. In particular, we focus our attention on how the NE cooperates with chromatin in protecting the genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Gay
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Foiani
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Butin-Israeli V, Adam SA, Jain N, Otte GL, Neems D, Wiesmüller L, Berger SL, Goldman RD. Role of lamin b1 in chromatin instability. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:884-98. [PMID: 25535332 PMCID: PMC4323489 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01145-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear lamins play important roles in the organization and structure of the nucleus; however, the specific mechanisms linking lamin structure to nuclear functions are poorly defined. We demonstrate that reducing nuclear lamin B1 expression by short hairpin RNA-mediated silencing in cancer cell lines to approximately 50% of normal levels causes a delay in the cell cycle and accumulation of cells in early S phase. The S phase delay appears to be due to the stalling and collapse of replication forks. The double-strand DNA breaks resulting from replication fork collapse were inefficiently repaired, causing persistent DNA damage signaling and the assembly of extensive repair foci on chromatin. The expression of multiple factors involved in DNA replication and repair by both nonhomologous end joining and homologous repair is misregulated when lamin B1 levels are reduced. We further demonstrate that lamin B1 interacts directly with the promoters of some genes associated with DNA damage response and repair, including BRCA1 and RAD51. Taken together, the results suggest that the maintenance of lamin B1 levels is required for DNA replication and repair through regulation of the expression of key factors involved in these essential nuclear functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Butin-Israeli
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stephen A Adam
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nikhil Jain
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gabriel L Otte
- Epigenetics Program, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel Neems
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lisa Wiesmüller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Shelly L Berger
- Epigenetics Program, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert D Goldman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Pathak RU, Srinivasan A, Mishra RK. Genome-wide mapping of matrix attachment regions in Drosophila melanogaster. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1022. [PMID: 25424749 PMCID: PMC4301625 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eukaryotic genome acquires functionality upon proper packaging within the nucleus. This process is facilitated by the structural framework of Nuclear Matrix, a nucleo-proteinaceous meshwork. Matrix Attachment Regions (MARs) in the genome serve as anchoring sites to this framework. Results Here we report direct sequencing of the MAR preparation from Drosophila melanogaster embryos and identify >7350 MARs. This amounts to ~2.5% of the fly genome and often coincide with AT rich non-coding regions. We find significant association of MARs with the origins of replication, transcription start sites, paused RNA Polymerase II sites and exons, but not introns, of highly expressed genes. We also identified sequence motifs and repeats that constitute MARs. Conclusion Our data reveal the contact points of genome to the nuclear architecture and provide a link between nuclear functions and genomic packaging. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-1022) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rakesh K Mishra
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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An absence of nuclear lamins in keratinocytes leads to ichthyosis, defective epidermal barrier function, and intrusion of nuclear membranes and endoplasmic reticulum into the nuclear chromatin. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:4534-44. [PMID: 25312645 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00997-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
B-type lamins (lamins B1 and B2) have been considered to be essential for many crucial functions in the cell nucleus (e.g., DNA replication and mitotic spindle formation). However, this view has been challenged by the observation that an absence of both B-type lamins in keratinocytes had no effect on cell proliferation or the development of skin and hair. The latter findings raised the possibility that the functions of B-type lamins are subserved by lamins A and C. To explore that idea, we created mice lacking all nuclear lamins in keratinocytes. Those mice developed ichthyosis and a skin barrier defect, which led to death from dehydration within a few days after birth. Microscopy of nuclear-lamin-deficient skin revealed hyperkeratosis and a disordered stratum corneum with an accumulation of neutral lipid droplets; however, BrdU incorporation into keratinocytes was normal. Skin grafting experiments confirmed the stratum corneum abnormalities and normal BrdU uptake. Interestingly, the absence of nuclear lamins in keratinocytes resulted in an interspersion of nuclear/endoplasmic reticulum membranes with the chromatin. Thus, a key function of the nuclear lamina is to serve as a "fence" and prevent the incursion of cytoplasmic organelles into the nuclear chromatin.
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Abstract
For over two decades, B-type lamins were thought to have roles in fundamental processes including correct assembly of nuclear envelopes, DNA replication, transcription and cell survival. Recent studies have questioned these roles and have instead emphasised the role of these proteins in tissue building and tissue integrity, particularly in tissues devoid of A-type lamins. Other studies have suggested that the expression of B-type lamins in somatic cells influences the rate of entry into states of cellular senescence. In humans duplication of the LMNB1 gene (encoding lamin B1) causes an adult onset neurodegenerative disorder, termed autosomal dominant leukodystrophy, whilst very recently, LMNB1 has been implicated as a susceptibility gene in neural tube defects. This is consistent with studies in mice that reveal a critical role for B-type lamins in neuronal migration and brain development. In this review, I will consider how different model systems have contributed to our understanding of the functions of B-type lamins and which of those functions are critical for human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Hutchison
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.
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Cullin4A and cullin4B are interchangeable for HIV Vpr and Vpx action through the CRL4 ubiquitin ligase complex. J Virol 2014; 88:6944-58. [PMID: 24719410 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00241-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seizes control of cellular cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) to promote viral replication. HIV-1 Vpr and HIV-2/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Vpr and Vpx engage the cullin4 (CUL4)-containing ubiquitin ligase complex (CRL4) to cause polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of host proteins, including ones that block infection. HIV-1 Vpr engages CRL4 to trigger the degradation of uracil-N-glycosylase 2 (UNG2). Both HIV-1 Vpr and HIV-2/SIV Vpr tap CRL4 to initiate G2 cell cycle arrest. HIV-2/SIV Vpx secures CRL4 to degrade the antiviral protein SAMHD1. CRL4 includes either cullin4A (CUL4A) or cullin4B (CUL4B) among its components. Whether Vpr or Vpx relies on CUL4A, CUL4B, or both to act through CRL4 is not known. Reported structural, phenotypic, and intracellular distribution differences between the two CUL4 types led us to hypothesize that Vpr and Vpx employ these in a function-specific manner. Here we determined CUL4 requirements for HIV-1 and HIV-2/SIV Vpr-mediated G2 cell cycle arrest, HIV-1 Vpr-mediated UNG2 degradation, and HIV-2 Vpx-mediated SAMHD1 degradation. Surprisingly, CUL4A and CUL4B are exchangeable for CRL4-dependent Vpr and Vpx action, except in primary macrophages, where Vpx relies on both CUL4A and CUL4B for maximal SAMHD1 depletion. This work highlights the need to consider both CUL4 types for Vpr and Vpx functions and also shows that the intracellular distribution of CUL4A and CUL4B can vary by cell type. IMPORTANCE The work presented here shows for the first time that HIV Vpr and Vpx do not rely exclusively on CUL4A to cause ubiquitination through the CRL4 ubiquitin ligase complex. Furthermore, our finding that intracellular CUL4 and SAMHD1 distributions can vary with cell type provides the basis for reconciling previous disparate findings regarding the site of SAMHD1 depletion. Finally, our observations with primary immune cells provide insight into the cell biology of CUL4A and CUL4B that will help differentiate the functions of these similar proteins.
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46
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Wood AM, Garza-Gongora AG, Kosak ST. A Crowdsourced nucleus: understanding nuclear organization in terms of dynamically networked protein function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1839:178-90. [PMID: 24412853 PMCID: PMC3954575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The spatial organization of the nucleus results in a compartmentalized structure that affects all aspects of nuclear function. This compartmentalization involves genome organization as well as the formation of nuclear bodies and plays a role in many functions, including gene regulation, genome stability, replication, and RNA processing. Here we review the recent findings associated with the spatial organization of the nucleus and reveal that a common theme for nuclear proteins is their ability to participate in a variety of functions and pathways. We consider this multiplicity of function in terms of Crowdsourcing, a recent phenomenon in the world of information technology, and suggest that this model provides a novel way to synthesize the many intersections between nuclear organization and function. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Chromatin and epigenetic regulation of animal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Wood
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Arturo G Garza-Gongora
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Steven T Kosak
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Shimi T, Goldman RD. Nuclear lamins and oxidative stress in cell proliferation and longevity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 773:415-30. [PMID: 24563359 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-8032-8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian cells, the nuclear lamina is composed of a complex fibrillar network associated with the inner membrane of the nuclear envelope. The lamina provides mechanical support for the nucleus and functions as the major determinant of its size and shape. At its innermost aspect it associates with peripheral components of chromatin and thereby contributes to the organization of interphase chromosomes. The A- and B-type lamins are the major structural components of the lamina, and numerous mutations in the A-type lamin gene have been shown to cause many types of human diseases collectively known as the laminopathies. These mutations have also been shown to cause a disruption in the normal interactions between the A and B lamin networks. The impact of these mutations on nuclear functions is related to the roles of lamins in regulating various essential processes including DNA synthesis and damage repair, transcription and the regulation of genes involved in the response to oxidative stress. The major cause of oxidative stress is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is critically important for cell proliferation and longevity. Moderate increases in ROS act to initiate signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, whereas excessive increases in ROS cause oxidative stress, which in turn induces cell death and/or senescence. In this review, we cover current findings about the role of lamins in regulating cell proliferation and longevity through oxidative stress responses and ROS signaling pathways. We also speculate on the involvement of lamins in tumor cell proliferation through the control of ROS metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Shimi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ward Building 11-145 303 E, Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611-3008, USA,
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48
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RB and Lamins in Cell Cycle Regulation and Aging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 773:127-42. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-8032-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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49
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Tsimbouri P, Gadegaard N, Burgess K, White K, Reynolds P, Herzyk P, Oreffo R, Dalby MJ. Nanotopographical Effects on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Morphology and Phenotype. J Cell Biochem 2013; 115:380-90. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Tsimbouri
- Centre for Cell EngineeringInstitute of Molecular, Cell and Systems BiologyCollege of MedicalVeterinary and Life SciencesJoseph Black BuildingUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQScotlandUK
| | - Nikolaj Gadegaard
- Division of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8LTScotlandUK
| | - Karl Burgess
- Glasgow Polyomics FacilityJoseph Black BuildingInstitute of Biomedical and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQScotlandUK
| | - Kate White
- Bone & Joint Research GroupCentre for Human DevelopmentStem Cells and RegenerationInstitute of Developmental SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO16 6YDUK
| | - Paul Reynolds
- Division of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8LTScotlandUK
| | - Pawel Herzyk
- Sir Henry Wellcome Functional Genomics FacilityCollege of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesJoseph Black BuildingUniversity of GlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - Richard Oreffo
- Bone & Joint Research GroupCentre for Human DevelopmentStem Cells and RegenerationInstitute of Developmental SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO16 6YDUK
- Stem Cell UnitDepartment of AnatomyCollege of MedicineKing Saud UniversityRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Matthew J. Dalby
- Centre for Cell EngineeringInstitute of Molecular, Cell and Systems BiologyCollege of MedicalVeterinary and Life SciencesJoseph Black BuildingUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQScotlandUK
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50
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Prokocimer M, Barkan R, Gruenbaum Y. Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome through the lens of transcription. Aging Cell 2013; 12:533-43. [PMID: 23496208 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamins are nuclear intermediate filaments. In addition to their structural roles, they are implicated in basic nuclear functions such as chromatin organization, DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair, and cell-cycle progression. Mutations in human LMNA gene cause several diseases termed laminopathies. One of the laminopathic diseases is Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), which is caused by a spontaneous mutation and characterized by premature aging. HGPS phenotypes share certain similarities with several apparently comparable medical conditions, such as aging and atherosclerosis, with the conspicuous absence of neuronal degeneration and cancer rarity during the short lifespan of the patients. Cell lines from HGPS patients are characterized by multiple nuclear defects, which include abnormal morphology, altered histone modification patterns, and increased DNA damage. These cell lines provide insight into the molecular pathways including senescence that require lamins A and B1. Here, we review recent data on HGPS phenotypes through the lens of transcriptional deregulation caused by lack of functional lamin A, progerin accumulation, and lamin B1 silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miron Prokocimer
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
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