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Schatten H. The Impact of Centrosome Pathologies on Ovarian Cancer Development and Progression with a Focus on Centrosomes as Therapeutic Target. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1452:37-64. [PMID: 38805124 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-58311-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The impact of centrosome abnormalities on cancer cell proliferation has been recognized as early as 1914 (Boveri, Zur Frage der Entstehung maligner Tumoren. Jena: G. Fisher, 1914), but vigorous research on molecular levels has only recently started when it became fully apparent that centrosomes can be targeted for new cancer therapies. While best known for their microtubule-organizing capabilities as MTOC (microtubule organizing center) in interphase and mitosis, centrosomes are now further well known for a variety of different functions, some of which are related to microtubule organization and consequential activities such as cell division, migration, maintenance of cell shape, and vesicle transport powered by motor proteins, while other functions include essential roles in cell cycle regulation, metabolic activities, signal transduction, proteolytic activity, and several others that are now heavily being investigated for their role in diseases and disorders (reviewed in Schatten and Sun, Histochem Cell Biol 150:303-325, 2018; Schatten, Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 235:43-50, 2022a; Schatten, Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 235:17-35, 2022b).Cancer cell centrosomes differ from centrosomes in noncancer cells in displaying specific abnormalities that include phosphorylation abnormalities, overexpression of specific centrosomal proteins, abnormalities in centriole and centrosome duplication, formation of multipolar spindles that play a role in aneuploidy and genomic instability, and several others that are highlighted in the present review on ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer cell centrosomes, like those in other cancers, display complex abnormalities that in part are based on the heterogeneity of cells in the cancer tissues resulting from different etiologies of individual cancer cells that will be discussed in more detail in this chapter.Because of the critical role of centrosomes in cancer cell proliferation, several lines of research are being pursued to target centrosomes for therapeutic intervention to inhibit abnormal cancer cell proliferation and control tumor progression. Specific centrosome abnormalities observed in ovarian cancer will be addressed in this chapter with a focus on targeting such aberrations for ovarian cancer-specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heide Schatten
- University of Missouri-Columbia Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Columbia, MO, USA.
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2
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Otto M, Hoyer-Fender S. ODF2 Negatively Regulates CP110 Levels at the Centrioles/Basal Bodies to Control the Biogenesis of Primary Cilia. Cells 2023; 12:2194. [PMID: 37681926 PMCID: PMC10486571 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are essential sensory organelles that develop when an inhibitory cap consisting of CP110 and other proteins is eliminated. The degradation of CP110 by the ubiquitin-dependent proteasome pathway mediated by NEURL4 and HYLS1 removes the inhibitory cap. Here, we investigated the suitability of rapamycin-mediated dimerization for centriolar recruitment and asked whether the induced recruitment of NEURL4 or HYLS1 to the centriole promotes primary cilia development and CP110 degradation. We used rapamycin-mediated dimerization with ODF2 to induce their targeted recruitment to the centriole. We found decreased CP110 levels in the transfected cells, but independent of rapamycin-mediated dimerization. By knocking down ODF2, we showed that ODF2 controls CP110 levels. The overexpression of ODF2 is not sufficient to promote the formation of primary cilia, but the overexpression of NEURL4 or HYLS1 is. The co-expression of ODF2 and HYLS1 resulted in the formation of tube-like structures, indicating an interaction. Thus, ODF2 controls primary cilia formation by negatively regulating the concentration of CP110 levels. Our data suggest that ODF2 most likely acts as a scaffold for the binding of proteins such as NEURL4 or HYLS1 to mediate CP110 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sigrid Hoyer-Fender
- Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute of Zoology and Anthropology—Developmental Biology, GZMB, Ernst-Caspari-Haus, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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3
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Gottardo M, Riparbelli MG, Callaini G, Megraw TL. Evidence for intraflagellar transport in butterfly spermatocyte cilia. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2023; 80:112-122. [PMID: 37036073 PMCID: PMC10330035 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
In the model organism insect Drosophila melanogaster short cilia assemble on spermatocytes that elaborate into 1.8 mm long flagella during spermatid differentiation. A unique feature of these cilia/flagella is their lack of dependence on intraflagellar transport (IFT) for their assembly. Here, we show that in the common butterfly Pieris brassicae, the spermatocyte cilia are exceptionally long: about 40 μm compared to less than 1 μm in Drosophila. By transmission electron microscopy, we show that P. brassicae spermatocytes display several features not found in melanogaster, including compelling evidence of IFT structures and features of motile cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gottardo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
- These Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Maria Giovanna Riparbelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
- These Authors contributed equally to this work
| | | | - Timothy L. Megraw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL USA
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4
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Riesgo A, Santodomingo N, Koutsouveli V, Kumala L, Leger MM, Leys SP, Funch P. Molecular machineries of ciliogenesis, cell survival, and vasculogenesis are differentially expressed during regeneration in explants of the demosponge Halichondria panicea. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:858. [PMID: 36581804 PMCID: PMC9798719 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-09035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sponges are interesting animal models for regeneration studies, since even from dissociated cells, they are able to regenerate completely. In particular, explants are model systems that can be applied to many sponge species, since small fragments of sponges can regenerate all elements of the adult, including the oscula and the ability to pump water. The morphological aspects of regeneration in sponges are relatively well known, but the molecular machinery is only now starting to be elucidated for some sponge species. Here, we have used an explant system of the demosponge Halichondria panicea to understand the molecular machinery deployed during regeneration of the aquiferous system. We sequenced the transcriptomes of four replicates of the 5-day explant without an osculum (NOE), four replicates of the 17-18-day explant with a single osculum and pumping activity (PE) and also four replicates of field-collected individuals with regular pumping activity (PA), and performed differential gene expression analysis. We also described the morphology of NOE and PE samples using light and electron microscopy. Our results showed a highly disorganised mesohyl and disarranged aquiferous system in NOE that is coupled with upregulated pathways of ciliogenesis, organisation of the ECM, and cell proliferation and survival. Once the osculum is formed, genes involved in "response to stimulus in other organisms" were upregulated. Interestingly, the main molecular machinery of vasculogenesis described in vertebrates was activated during the regeneration of the aquiferous system. Notably, vasculogenesis markers were upregulated when the tissue was disorganised and about to start forming canals (NOE) and angiogenic stimulators and ECM remodelling machineries were differentially expressed once the aquiferous system was in place (PE and PA). Our results are fundamental to better understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of the aquiferous system in sponges, and its similarities with the early onset of blood-vessel formation in animal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Riesgo
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW5 7BD, UK.
| | - Nadia Santodomingo
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW5 7BD, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3AN, UK
| | - Vasiliki Koutsouveli
- Marine Symbioses Research Unit, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lars Kumala
- Nordcee, Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
- Marine Biological Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Hindsholmvej 11, 5300, Kerteminde, Denmark
| | - Michelle M Leger
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), Paseo Marítimo de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sally P Leys
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Peter Funch
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, 114-116, Aarhus C, Denmark
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5
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Czerny CC, Borschel A, Cai M, Otto M, Hoyer-Fender S. FOXA1 is a transcriptional activator of Odf2/Cenexin and regulates primary ciliation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21468. [PMID: 36509813 PMCID: PMC9744847 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25966-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are sensory organelles essential for embryonic and postnatal development, and tissue homeostasis in adulthood. They are generated in a cell cycle-dependent manner and found on most cells of the body. Although cilia formation is intensively investigated virtually nothing is known about the transcriptional regulation of primary ciliation. We used here Odf2/Cenexin, encoding a protein of the mother centriole and the basal body that is mandatory for primary cilia formation, as the target gene for the identification of transcriptional activators. We identified a consensus binding site for Fox transcription factors (TFs) in its promoter region and focused here on the Fox family. We found transcriptional activation of Odf2 neither by FOXO TFs nor by the core TF for multiciliation, FOXJ1. However, we identified FOXA1 as a transcriptional activator of Odf2 by reporter gene assays and qRT-PCR, and showed by qWB that Foxa1 knockdown caused a decrease in ODF2 and CP110 proteins. We verified the binding sequence of FOXA1 in the Odf2 promoter by ChIP. Finally, we demonstrated that knockdown of FOXA1 affected primary cilia formation. We, thus, showed for the first time, that FOXA1 regulates primary ciliation by transcriptional activation of ciliary genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Carl Czerny
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute of Zoology and Anthropology – Developmental Biology, GZMB, Ernst-Caspari-Haus, Georg-August-Universität, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anett Borschel
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute of Zoology and Anthropology – Developmental Biology, GZMB, Ernst-Caspari-Haus, Georg-August-Universität, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mingfang Cai
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute of Zoology and Anthropology – Developmental Biology, GZMB, Ernst-Caspari-Haus, Georg-August-Universität, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Madeline Otto
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute of Zoology and Anthropology – Developmental Biology, GZMB, Ernst-Caspari-Haus, Georg-August-Universität, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, Germany ,grid.424957.90000 0004 0624 9165Present Address: Thermo Fisher Scientific GENEART, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sigrid Hoyer-Fender
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute of Zoology and Anthropology – Developmental Biology, GZMB, Ernst-Caspari-Haus, Georg-August-Universität, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, Germany
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6
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Primary Cilia Restrain PI3K-AKT Signaling to Orchestrate Human Decidualization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415573. [PMID: 36555215 PMCID: PMC9779442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial decidualization plays a pivotal role during early pregnancy. Compromised decidualization has been tightly associated with recurrent implantation failure (RIF). Primary cilium is an antenna-like sensory organelle and acts as a signaling nexus to mediate Hh, Wnt, TGFβ, BMP, FGF, and Notch signaling. However, whether primary cilium is involved in human decidualization is still unknown. In this study, we found that primary cilia are present in human endometrial stromal cells. The ciliogenesis and cilia length are increased by progesterone during in vitro and in vivo decidualization. Primary cilia are abnormal in the endometrium of RIF patients. Based on data from both assembly and disassembly of primary cilia, it has been determined that primary cilium is essential to human decidualization. Trichoplein (TCHP)-Aurora A signaling mediates cilia disassembly during human in vitro decidualization. Mechanistically, primary cilium modulates human decidualization through PTEN-PI3K-AKT-FOXO1 signaling. Our study highlights primary cilium as a novel decidualization-related signaling pathway.
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Heterogeneity of the NIH3T3 Fibroblast Cell Line. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172677. [PMID: 36078083 PMCID: PMC9455036 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The embryonic mouse fibroblast cell line NIH3T3 is widely used in life science research, including the study of cell cycle control and primary cilia. Fibroblasts are the most important cell type in connective tissue, as they produce components of the extracellular matrix and determine tissue architecture. However, they are very heterogeneous and consist of subtypes specific to their organ of residence, among others. The NIH3T3 cell line was derived from whole mouse embryos that developed to pre-birth and is therefore most likely composed of different fibroblast subtypes. Furthermore, prolonged proliferation may have influenced their cellular composition. A heterogeneous cell population is unsuitable for any sophisticated research project. We found that the proportion of ciliated cells in the total NIH3T3 cell population was highly variable and asked whether this was a consequence of cellular heterogeneity and what molecular signatures were associated with it. We have established sub-cell lines by clonal expansion of single cells and characterized them morphologically and molecularly. Eventually, a myofibroblast-like and a fibroblast-like cell line were generated that differ in ciliation and proliferation. These homogeneous cell lines are valuable for a more detailed study of their molecular signatures, not least to uncover further the molecular pathways that contribute to the formation of the primary cilium.
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8
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Merino B, Casanueva-Álvarez E, Quesada I, González-Casimiro CM, Fernández-Díaz CM, Postigo-Casado T, Leissring MA, Kaestner KH, Perdomo G, Cózar-Castellano I. Insulin-degrading enzyme ablation in mouse pancreatic alpha cells triggers cell proliferation, hyperplasia and glucagon secretion dysregulation. Diabetologia 2022; 65:1375-1389. [PMID: 35652923 PMCID: PMC9283140 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05729-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Type 2 diabetes is characterised by hyperglucagonaemia and perturbed function of pancreatic glucagon-secreting alpha cells but the molecular mechanisms contributing to these phenotypes are poorly understood. Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is present within all islet cells, mostly in alpha cells, in both mice and humans. Furthermore, IDE can degrade glucagon as well as insulin, suggesting that IDE may play an important role in alpha cell function in vivo. METHODS We have generated and characterised a novel mouse model with alpha cell-specific deletion of Ide, the A-IDE-KO mouse line. Glucose metabolism and glucagon secretion in vivo was characterised; isolated islets were tested for glucagon and insulin secretion; alpha cell mass, alpha cell proliferation and α-synuclein levels were determined in pancreas sections by immunostaining. RESULTS Targeted deletion of Ide exclusively in alpha cells triggers hyperglucagonaemia and alpha cell hyperplasia, resulting in elevated constitutive glucagon secretion. The hyperglucagonaemia is attributable in part to dysregulation of glucagon secretion, specifically an impaired ability of IDE-deficient alpha cells to suppress glucagon release in the presence of high glucose or insulin. IDE deficiency also leads to α-synuclein aggregation in alpha cells, which may contribute to impaired glucagon secretion via cytoskeletal dysfunction. We showed further that IDE deficiency triggers impairments in cilia formation, inducing alpha cell hyperplasia and possibly also contributing to dysregulated glucagon secretion and hyperglucagonaemia. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We propose that loss of IDE function in alpha cells contributes to hyperglucagonaemia in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Merino
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (University of Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Elena Casanueva-Álvarez
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (University of Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Iván Quesada
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos M González-Casimiro
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (University of Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Tamara Postigo-Casado
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (University of Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Malcolm A Leissring
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine (UCI MIND), Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Germán Perdomo
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (University of Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Irene Cózar-Castellano
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (University of Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Falduto GH, Pfeiffer A, Zhang Q, Yin Y, Metcalfe DD, Olivera A. A Critical Function for the Transcription Factors GLI1 and GLI2 in the Proliferation and Survival of Human Mast Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:841045. [PMID: 35251038 PMCID: PMC8888842 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.841045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cell hyperactivity and accumulation in tissues are associated with allergy and other mast cell-related disorders. However, the molecular pathways regulating mast cell survival in homeostasis and disease are not completely understood. As glioma-associated oncogene (GLI) proteins are involved in both tissue homeostasis and in the hematopoietic system by regulating cell fate decisions, we sought to investigate the role for GLI proteins in the control of proliferation and survival of human mast cells. GLI1 transcripts were present in primary human mast cells and mast cell lines harboring or not activating mutations in the tyrosine kinase receptor KIT (HMC-1.1 and HMC-1.2, and LAD2 cells, respectively), while GLI2 transcripts were only present in HMC-1.1 and HMC-1.2 cells, suggesting a role for oncogenic KIT signaling in the regulation of GLI2. Reduction in GLI activity by small molecule inhibitors, or by shRNA-mediated knockdown of GLI1 or GLI2, led to increases in apoptotic cell death in both cultured human and murine mast cells, and reduced the number of peritoneal mast cells in mice. Although GLI proteins are typically activated via the hedgehog pathway, steady-state activation of GLI in mast cells occurred primarily via non-canonical pathways. Apoptosis induced by GLI silencing was associated with a downregulation in the expression of KIT and of genes that influence p53 stability and function including USP48, which promotes p53 degradation; and iASPP, which inhibits p53-induced transcription, thus leading to the induction of p53-regulated apoptotic genes. Furthermore, we found that GLI silencing inhibited the proliferation of neoplastic mast cell lines, an effect that was more pronounced in rapidly growing cells. Our findings support the conclusion that GLI1/2 transcription factors are critical regulators of mast cell survival and that their inhibition leads to a significant reduction in the number of mast cells in vitro and in vivo, even in cells with constitutively active KIT variants. This knowledge can potentially be applicable to reducing mast cell burden in mast cell-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Hernan Falduto
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Annika Pfeiffer
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Qunshu Zhang
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yuzhi Yin
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dean Darrel Metcalfe
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ana Olivera
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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10
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Arjona M, Goshayeshi A, Rodriguez-Mateo C, Brett JO, Both P, Ishak H, Rando TA. Tubastatin A maintains adult skeletal muscle stem cells in a quiescent state ex vivo and improves their engraftment ability in vivo. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:82-95. [PMID: 35021050 PMCID: PMC8758944 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are important for muscle regeneration and constitute a potential source of cell therapy. However, upon isolation, MuSCs rapidly exit quiescence and lose transplantation potency. Maintenance of the quiescent state in vitro preserves MuSC transplantation efficiency and provides an opportunity to study the biology of quiescence. Here we show that Tubastatin A (TubA), an Hdac6 inhibitor, prevents primary cilium resorption, maintains quiescence, and enhances MuSC survival ex vivo. Phenotypic characterization and transcriptomic analysis of TubA-treated cells revealed that TubA maintains most of the biological features and molecular signatures of quiescence. Furthermore, TubA-treated MuSCs showed improved engraftment ability upon transplantation. TubA also induced a return to quiescence and improved engraftment of cycling MuSCs, revealing a potentially expanded application for MuSC therapeutics. Altogether, these studies demonstrate the ability of TubA to maintain MuSC quiescence ex vivo and to enhance the therapeutic potential of MuSCs and their progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Arjona
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Armon Goshayeshi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cristina Rodriguez-Mateo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jamie O Brett
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Graduate Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pieter Both
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Graduate Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Heather Ishak
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Neurology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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11
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Pablos M, Casanueva-Álvarez E, González-Casimiro CM, Merino B, Perdomo G, Cózar-Castellano I. Primary Cilia in Pancreatic β- and α-Cells: Time to Revisit the Role of Insulin-Degrading Enzyme. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:922825. [PMID: 35832432 PMCID: PMC9271624 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.922825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is a narrow organelle located at the surface of the cell in contact with the extracellular environment. Once underappreciated, now is thought to efficiently sense external environmental cues and mediate cell-to-cell communication, because many receptors, ion channels, and signaling molecules are highly or differentially expressed in primary cilium. Rare genetic disorders that affect cilia integrity and function, such as Bardet-Biedl syndrome and Alström syndrome, have awoken interest in studying the biology of cilium. In this review, we discuss recent evidence suggesting emerging roles of primary cilium and cilia-mediated signaling pathways in the regulation of pancreatic β- and α-cell functions, and its implications in regulating glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pablos
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Marta Pablos,
| | - Elena Casanueva-Álvarez
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, University of Valladolid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Carlos M. González-Casimiro
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, University of Valladolid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Merino
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, University of Valladolid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Germán Perdomo
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, University of Valladolid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Irene Cózar-Castellano
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, University of Valladolid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
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12
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Bai Y, Wei C, Li P, Sun X, Cai G, Chen X, Hong Q. Primary cilium in kidney development, function and disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:952055. [PMID: 36072924 PMCID: PMC9441790 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.952055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is a hair-like, microtubule-based organelle that is covered by the cell membrane and extends from the surface of most vertebrate cells. It detects and translates extracellular signals to direct various cellular signaling pathways to maintain homeostasis. It is mainly distributed in the proximal and distal tubules and collecting ducts in the kidney. Specific signaling transduction proteins localize to primary cilia. Defects in cilia structure and function lead to a class of diseases termed ciliopathies. The proper functioning of primary cilia is essential to kidney organogenesis and the maintenance of epithelial cell differentiation and proliferation. Persistent cilia dysfunction has a role in the early stages and progression of renal diseases, such as cystogenesis and acute tubular necrosis (ATN). In this review, we focus on the central role of cilia in kidney development and illustrate how defects in cilia are associated with renal disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Bai
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiting Wei
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Sun
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangmei Chen, ; Quan Hong,
| | - Quan Hong
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangmei Chen, ; Quan Hong,
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13
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Centrosome as Center for Proteolytic Activity and Dysfunctions Associated with Pathogenesis of Human Disease. THE CENTROSOME AND ITS FUNCTIONS AND DYSFUNCTIONS 2022; 235:37-42. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-20848-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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14
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Schatten H. The Centrosome Cycle within the Cell Cycle. THE CENTROSOME AND ITS FUNCTIONS AND DYSFUNCTIONS 2022; 235:17-35. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-20848-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Insights into the Regulation of Ciliary Disassembly. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112977. [PMID: 34831200 PMCID: PMC8616418 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium, an antenna-like structure that protrudes out from the cell surface, is present in most cell types. It is a microtubule-based organelle that serves as a mega-signaling center and is important for sensing biochemical and mechanical signals to carry out various cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, differentiation, and many others. At any given time, cilia length is determined by a dynamic balance of cilia assembly and disassembly processes. Abnormally short or long cilia can cause a plethora of human diseases commonly referred to as ciliopathies, including, but not limited to, skeletal malformations, obesity, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, retinal degeneration, and bardet-biedl syndrome. While the process of cilia assembly is studied extensively, the process of cilia disassembly and its biological role(s) are less well understood. This review discusses current knowledge on ciliary disassembly and how different cellular processes and molecular signals converge to carry out this process. This information will help us understand how the process of ciliary disassembly is regulated, identify the key steps that need further investigation, and possibly design therapeutic targets for a subset of ciliopathies that are causally linked to defective ciliary disassembly.
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16
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NudCL2 is an autophagy receptor that mediates selective autophagic degradation of CP110 at mother centrioles to promote ciliogenesis. Cell Res 2021; 31:1199-1211. [PMID: 34480124 PMCID: PMC8563757 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-021-00560-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia extending from mother centrioles are essential for vertebrate development and homeostasis maintenance. Centriolar coiled-coil protein 110 (CP110) has been reported to suppress ciliogenesis initiation by capping the distal ends of mother centrioles. However, the mechanism underlying the specific degradation of mother centriole-capping CP110 to promote cilia initiation remains unknown. Here, we find that autophagy is crucial for CP110 degradation at mother centrioles after serum starvation in MEF cells. We further identify NudC-like protein 2 (NudCL2) as a novel selective autophagy receptor at mother centrioles, which contains an LC3-interacting region (LIR) motif mediating the association of CP110 and the autophagosome marker LC3. Knockout of NudCL2 induces defects in the removal of CP110 from mother centrioles and ciliogenesis, which are rescued by wild-type NudCL2 but not its LIR motif mutant. Knockdown of CP110 significantly attenuates ciliogenesis defects in NudCL2-deficient cells. In addition, NudCL2 morphants exhibit ciliation-related phenotypes in zebrafish, which are reversed by wild-type NudCL2, but not its LIR motif mutant. Importantly, CP110 depletion significantly reverses these ciliary phenotypes in NudCL2 morphants. Taken together, our data suggest that NudCL2 functions as an autophagy receptor mediating the selective degradation of mother centriole-capping CP110 to promote ciliogenesis, which is indispensable for embryo development in vertebrates.
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17
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Ng DCH, Ho UY, Grounds MD. Cilia, Centrosomes and Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9605. [PMID: 34502512 PMCID: PMC8431768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are non-motile, cell cycle-associated organelles that can be found on most vertebrate cell types. Comprised of microtubule bundles organised into an axoneme and anchored by a mature centriole or basal body, primary cilia are dynamic signalling platforms that are intimately involved in cellular responses to their extracellular milieu. Defects in ciliogenesis or dysfunction in cilia signalling underlie a host of developmental disorders collectively referred to as ciliopathies, reinforcing important roles for cilia in human health. Whilst primary cilia have long been recognised to be present in striated muscle, their role in muscle is not well understood. However, recent studies indicate important contributions, particularly in skeletal muscle, that have to date remained underappreciated. Here, we explore recent revelations that the sensory and signalling functions of cilia on muscle progenitors regulate cell cycle progression, trigger differentiation and maintain a commitment to myogenesis. Cilia disassembly is initiated during myoblast fusion. However, the remnants of primary cilia persist in multi-nucleated myotubes, and we discuss their potential role in late-stage differentiation and myofiber formation. Reciprocal interactions between cilia and the extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment described for other tissues may also inform on parallel interactions in skeletal muscle. We also discuss emerging evidence that cilia on fibroblasts/fibro-adipogenic progenitors and myofibroblasts may influence cell fate in both a cell autonomous and non-autonomous manner with critical consequences for skeletal muscle ageing and repair in response to injury and disease. This review addresses the enigmatic but emerging role of primary cilia in satellite cells in myoblasts and myofibers during myogenesis, as well as the wider tissue microenvironment required for skeletal muscle formation and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic C. H. Ng
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Uda Y. Ho
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Miranda D. Grounds
- School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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18
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Han YK, Kim JS, Lee GB, Lim JH, Park KM. Oxidative stress following acute kidney injury causes disruption of lung cell cilia and their release into the bronchoaveolar lavage fluid and lung injury, which are exacerbated by Idh2 deletion. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102077. [PMID: 34315110 PMCID: PMC8326422 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) induces distant organ injury, which is a serious concern in patients with AKI. Recent studies have demonstrated that distant organ injury is associated with oxidative stress of organ and damage of cilium, an axoneme-based cellular organelle. However, the role of oxidative stress and cilia damage in AKI-induced lung injury remains to be defined. Here, we investigated whether AKI-induced lung injury is associated with mitochondrial oxidative stress and cilia disruption in lung cells. AKI was induced in isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (Idh2, a mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme)-deleted (Idh2−/−) and wild-type (Idh2+/+) mice by kidney ischemia-reperfusion (IR). A group of mice were treated with Mito-TEMPO, a mitochondria-specific antioxidant. Kidney IR caused lung injuries, including alveolar septal thickening, alveolar damage, and neutrophil accumulation in the lung, and increased protein concentration and total cell number in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In addition, kidney IR caused fragmentation of lung epithelial cell cilia and the release of fragments into BALF. Kidney IR also increased the production of superoxide, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial and nuclei DNA oxidation in lungs and decreased IDH2 expression. Lung oxidative stress and injury relied on the degree of kidney injury. Idh2 deletion exacerbated kidney IR-induced lung injuries. Treatment with Mito-TEMPO attenuated kidney IR-induced lung injuries, with greater attenuation in Idh2−/− than Idh2+/+ mice. Our data demonstrate that AKI induces the disruption of cilia and damages cells via oxidative stress in lung epithelial cells, which leads to the release of disrupted ciliary fragments into BALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Kwon Han
- Department of Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Institute and BK21 Plus, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Su Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Institute and BK21 Plus, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwan Beom Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Institute and BK21 Plus, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hang Lim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ihwa Woman's University, 25 Magokdong-ro 2-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon Moo Park
- Department of Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Institute and BK21 Plus, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Hoque M, Chen D, Hess RA, Li FQ, Takemaru KI. CEP164 is essential for efferent duct multiciliogenesis and male fertility. Reproduction 2021; 162:129-139. [PMID: 34085951 DOI: 10.1530/rep-21-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cilia are evolutionarily conserved microtubule-based structures that perform diverse biological functions. Cilia are assembled on basal bodies and anchored to the plasma membrane via distal appendages. In the male reproductive tract, multicilia in efferent ducts (EDs) move in a whip-like motion to prevent sperm agglutination. Previously, we demonstrated that the distal appendage protein CEP164 recruits Chibby1 (Cby1) to basal bodies to facilitate basal body docking and ciliogenesis. Mice lacking CEP164 in multiciliated cells (MCCs) (FoxJ1-Cre;CEP164fl/fl) show a significant loss of multicilia in the trachea, oviduct, and ependyma. In addition, we observed male sterility; however, the precise role of CEP164 in male fertility remained unknown. Here, we report that the seminiferous tubules and rete testis of FoxJ1-Cre;CEP164fl/fl mice exhibit substantial dilation, indicative of dysfunctional multicilia in the EDs. We found that multicilia were hardly detectable in the EDs of FoxJ1-Cre;CEP164fl/fl mice although FoxJ1-positive immature cells were present. Sperm aggregation and agglutination were commonly noticeable in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules and EDs of FoxJ1-Cre;CEP164fl/fl mice. In FoxJ1-Cre;CEP164fl/fl mice, the apical localization of Cby1 and the transition zone marker NPHP1 was severely diminished, suggesting basal body docking defects. TEM analysis of EDs further confirmed basal body accumulation in the cytoplasm of MCCs. Collectively, we conclude that male infertility in FoxJ1-Cre;CEP164fl/fl mice is caused by sperm agglutination and obstruction of EDs due to loss of multicilia. Our study, therefore, unravels an essential role of the distal appendage protein CEP164 in male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hoque
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Danny Chen
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Rex A Hess
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Feng-Qian Li
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Ken-Ichi Takemaru
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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20
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Iaconis D, Crina C, Brillante S, Indrieri A, Morleo M, Franco B. The HOPS complex subunit VPS39 controls ciliogenesis through autophagy. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1018-1029. [PMID: 32077937 PMCID: PMC7158379 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles that assemble and protrude from the surface of most mammalian cells during quiescence. The biomedical relevance of cilia is indicated by disorders ascribed to cilia dysfunction, known as ciliopathies, that display distinctive features including renal cystic disease. In this report, we demonstrate that vacuolar protein sorting 39 (VPS39), a component of the homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting (HOPS) complex, acts as a negative regulator of ciliogenesis in human renal cells, by controlling the localization of the intraflagellar transport 20 protein at the base of cilia through autophagy. Moreover, we show that VPS39 controls ciliogenesis through autophagy also in vivo in renal tubules of medaka fish. These observations suggest a direct involvement of the HOPS complex in the regulation of autophagy-mediated ciliogenesis and eventually in target selection. Interestingly, we show that the impact of autophagy modulation on ciliogenesis is cell-type dependent and strictly related to environmental stimuli. This report adds a further tile to the cilia-autophagy connection and suggests that VPS39 could represent a new biological target for the recovery of the cilia-related phenotypes observed in the kidneys of patients affected by ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Iaconis
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Claudia Crina
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Simona Brillante
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Alessia Indrieri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.,Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.,Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, 35 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Morleo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.,Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Brunella Franco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.,Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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21
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Sánchez-Bellver L, Toulis V, Marfany G. On the Wrong Track: Alterations of Ciliary Transport in Inherited Retinal Dystrophies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:623734. [PMID: 33748110 PMCID: PMC7973215 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.623734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a group of heterogeneous inherited disorders associated with dysfunction of the cilium, a ubiquitous microtubule-based organelle involved in a broad range of cellular functions. Most ciliopathies are syndromic, since several organs whose cells produce a cilium, such as the retina, cochlea or kidney, are affected by mutations in ciliary-related genes. In the retina, photoreceptor cells present a highly specialized neurosensory cilium, the outer segment, stacked with membranous disks where photoreception and phototransduction occurs. The daily renewal of the more distal disks is a unique characteristic of photoreceptor outer segments, resulting in an elevated protein demand. All components necessary for outer segment formation, maintenance and function have to be transported from the photoreceptor inner segment, where synthesis occurs, to the cilium. Therefore, efficient transport of selected proteins is critical for photoreceptor ciliogenesis and function, and any alteration in either cargo delivery to the cilium or intraciliary trafficking compromises photoreceptor survival and leads to retinal degeneration. To date, mutations in more than 100 ciliary genes have been associated with retinal dystrophies, accounting for almost 25% of these inherited rare diseases. Interestingly, not all mutations in ciliary genes that cause retinal degeneration are also involved in pleiotropic pathologies in other ciliated organs. Depending on the mutation, the same gene can cause syndromic or non-syndromic retinopathies, thus emphasizing the highly refined specialization of the photoreceptor neurosensory cilia, and raising the possibility of photoreceptor-specific molecular mechanisms underlying common ciliary functions such as ciliary transport. In this review, we will focus on ciliary transport in photoreceptor cells and discuss the molecular complexity underpinning retinal ciliopathies, with a special emphasis on ciliary genes that, when mutated, cause either syndromic or non-syndromic retinal ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sánchez-Bellver
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB-IRSJD), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vasileios Toulis
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, ISCIII, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Marfany
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB-IRSJD), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, ISCIII, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Expression of α-Tubulin Acetyltransferase 1 and Tubulin Acetylation as Selective Forces in Cell Competition. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020390. [PMID: 33672816 PMCID: PMC7918103 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The wound healing response of fibroblasts critically depends on the primary cilium, a sensory organelle protruding into the environment and comprising a stable axonemal structure. A characteristic marker for primary cilia is acetylation of axonemal tubulin. Although formation of primary cilia is under cell cycle control, the environmental cues affecting ciliation are not fully understood. Our purpose was, therefore, to study the impact of culture conditions on cilia formation in NIH3T3 fibroblasts. We quantified ciliation in different NIH3T3 sub-cell lines and culture conditions by immunodetection of primary cilia and counting. Quantitative Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and proliferation assays completed our investigation. We observed large differences between NIH3T3 sub-cell lines in their ability to generate acetylated primary cilia that correlated with cytoplasmic tubulin acetylation. We found no increased activity of the major tubulin deacetylase, HDAC6, but instead reduced expression of the α-tubulin acetyltransferase 1 (Atat1) as being causative. Our observations demonstrate that cells with reduced expression of Atat1 and tubulin acetylation proliferate faster, eventually displacing all other cells in the population. Expression of Atat1 and tubulin acetylation are therefore selective forces in cell competition.
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23
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Holland ND, Somorjai IML. Epidermal changes during tail regeneration in the Bahamas lancelet,
Asymmetron lucayanum
(Cephalochordata). ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D. Holland
- Marine Biology Research Division Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California at San Diego San Diego CA USA
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24
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Fan JR, You LR, Wang WJ, Huang WS, Chu CT, Chi YH, Chen HC. Lamin A-mediated nuclear lamina integrity is required for proper ciliogenesis. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49680. [PMID: 32815283 PMCID: PMC7534621 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is a sensory organelle that receives specific signals from the extracellular environment important for vertebrate development and tissue homeostasis. Lamins, the major components of the nuclear lamina, are required to maintain the nuclear structure and are involved in most nuclear activities. In this study, we show that deficiency in lamin A/C causes defective ciliogenesis, accompanied by increased cytoplasmic accumulation of actin monomers and increased formation of actin filaments. Disruption of actin filaments by cytochalasin D rescues the defective ciliogenesis in lamin A/C-depleted cells. Moreover, lamin A/C-deficient cells display lower levels of nesprin 2 and defects in recruiting Arp2, myosin Va, and tau tubulin kinase 2 to the basal body during ciliogenesis. Collectively, our results uncover a functional link between nuclear lamina integrity and ciliogenesis and implicate the malfunction of primary cilia in the pathogenesis of laminopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Rong Fan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ru You
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Won-Jing Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Syun Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tung Chu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Chi
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Chen Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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25
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Gajamange D, Kim SH, Choi KS, Azevedo C, Park KI. Scanning electron microscopic observation of the in vitro cultured protozoan, Perkinsus olseni, isolated from the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:238. [PMID: 32746776 PMCID: PMC7398310 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Perkinsosis is a major disease affecting the commercially important marine mollusk Ruditapes philippinarum (Manila clam) in Asian waters. In this study, we investigated the morphological characteristics of Perkinsus olseni, the causative agent of perkinsosis, cultured under laboratory conditions at different stages of its life cycle using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results The prezoosporangia formed after induction with Ray’s fluid thioglycollate medium (RFTM) developed into zoosporangia. During this process, a discharge tube formed a porous sponge-like structure that detached before the zoospores were released; thus, this organelle operated as a bung. Liberated zoospores gradually transformed into immature trophozoites, during which detachment of the anterior flagella occurred, but the loss of the posterior flagella was not clearly observed in the present study. Mature trophozoites underwent schizogony by cleaving the cell forming some merozoites in schizonts, which were released by the rupturing of the cellular membrane of the schizont within a few days. Conclusions Our morphological and ultrastructural studies contribute new information on the life cycle and propagation of P. olseni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Gajamange
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehakno, Gunsan, 54150, Republic of Korea.,Present address: The Open University of Sri Lanka, Regional Centre, Matara, Sri Lanka
| | - Seung-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehakno, Gunsan, 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Choi
- School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, College of Ocean Sciences, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Carlos Azevedo
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Kyung-Il Park
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehakno, Gunsan, 54150, Republic of Korea.
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Kaiser F, Huebecker M, Wachten D. Sphingolipids controlling ciliary and microvillar function. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3652-3667. [PMID: 32415987 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cilia and microvilli are membrane protrusions that extend from the surface of many different mammalian cell types. Motile cilia or flagella are only found on specialized cells, where they control cell movement or the generation of fluid flow, whereas immotile primary cilia protrude from the surface of almost every mammalian cell to detect and transduce extracellular signals. Despite these differences, all cilia consist of a microtubule core called the axoneme. Microvilli instead contain bundled linear actin filaments and are mainly localized on epithelial cells, where they modulate the absorption of nutrients. Cilia and microvilli constitute subcellular compartments with distinctive lipid and protein repertoires and specialized functions. Here, we summarize the role of sphingolipids in defining the identity and controlling the function of cilia and microvilli in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Kaiser
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Biophysical Imaging, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Mylene Huebecker
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Biophysical Imaging, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wachten
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Biophysical Imaging, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany
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27
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Zhu YJ, Xu Q, Shao MY, Cao XY, Wu ZR, Chen YW, Bu H, Shi YJ. Decreased expression of HDAC8 indicates poor prognosis in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2019; 18:464-470. [PMID: 31402267 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a highly malignant primary tumor in the liver, and the rates of incidence and mortality are rapidly increasing globally. Histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) is a transcriptional regulator and is associated with tumorigenesis of several tumor types. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between HDAC8 expression and clinicopathological parameters in ICC patients. METHODS ICC tissues and corresponding nonmalignant bile duct tissues were obtained from 60 patients. HDAC8 and Ki-67 expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry staining. HDAC8 expression and the clinicopathological features and prognosis of the patients were analyzed. The mRNA level of HDAC8 in ICC was further analyzed using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). RESULTS The expression of HDAC8 were lower in ICC tissues (39/60, 65%) than in the corresponding nonmalignant bile duct tissues (54/60, 90%) (P = 0.001). Low HDAC8 expression in ICC was significantly associated with lymph node metastases (47.6% vs. 17.9%, P = 0.015). In addition, the positive cells rate of HDAC8 was statistically and negatively correlated with the Ki-67 index in ICC lesions (r = -0.7660, P < 0.001). Importantly, the overall survival rate and recurrence-free survival rate in ICC patients with low HDAC8 expression were lower than those with high HDAC8 expression (P = 0.008 and P = 0.011, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Decreased HDAC8 expression in ICC is related to poor prognosis, and HDAC8 may be an independent prognostic indicator of ICC patients after curative resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jie Zhu
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ming-Yang Shao
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Cao
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhen-Ru Wu
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu-Wei Chen
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hong Bu
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu-Jun Shi
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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28
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Obaidi I, Higgins M, Bahar B, Davis JL, McMorrow T. Identification of the Multifaceted Chemopreventive Activity of Curcumin Against the Carcinogenic Potential of the Food Additive, KBrO3. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:595-614. [PMID: 29278208 PMCID: PMC6204662 DOI: 10.2174/1381612824666171226143201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Potassium bromate (KBrO3), a food additive, has been used in many bakery products as an oxidizing agent. It has been shown to induce renal cancer in many in-vitro and in-vivo experimental models Objectives: This study evaluated the carcinogenic potential of potassium bromate (KBrO3) and the chemopreventive mechanisms of the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory phytochemical, curcumin against KBrO3-induced carcinogenicity. Method: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay and morphological characteristics were used to assess curcumin's cytoprotective potential against KBrO3 toxicity. To assess the chemopreventive potential of curcumin against KBrO3-induced oxidative insult, intracellular H2O2 and the nuclear concen-tration of the DNA adduct 8-OHdG were measured. PCR array, qRT-PCR, and western blot analysis were used to identify dysregulated genes by KBrO3 exposure. Furthermore, immunofluorescence was used to evaluate the ciliary loss and the disturbance of cellular tight junction induced by KBrO3. Results: Oxidative stress assays showed that KBrO3 increased the levels of intracellular H2O2 and the DNA adduct 8-OHdG. Combination of curcumin with KBrO3 efficiently reduced the level of H2O2 and 8-OHdG while up-regulating the expression of catalase. PCR array, qRT-PCR, and western blot analysis revealed that KBrO3 dysregulated multiple genes involved in inflammation, proliferation, and apoptosis, namely CTGF, IL-1, and TRAF3. Moreover, qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence studies showed that KBrO3 negatively affected the tight junctional protein (ZO-1) and induced a degeneration of primary ciliary proteins. The negative impact of KBrO3 on cilia was markedly repressed by curcumin. Conclusion: Curcumin could potentially be used as a protective agent against carcinogenicity of KBrO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Obaidi
- UCD Centre for Toxicology, School of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Michael Higgins
- UCD Centre for Toxicology, School of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bojlul Bahar
- International Institute of Nutritional Sciences and Applied Food Safety Studies, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica L Davis
- UCD Centre for Toxicology, School of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tara McMorrow
- UCD Centre for Toxicology, School of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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29
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Mirvis M, Siemers KA, Nelson WJ, Stearns TP. Primary cilium loss in mammalian cells occurs predominantly by whole-cilium shedding. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000381. [PMID: 31314751 PMCID: PMC6699714 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is a central signaling hub in cell proliferation and differentiation and is built and disassembled every cell cycle in many animal cells. Disassembly is critically important, as misregulation or delay of cilia loss leads to cell cycle defects. The physical means by which cilia are lost are poorly understood but are thought to involve resorption of ciliary components into the cell body. To investigate cilium loss in mammalian cells, we used live-cell imaging to comprehensively characterize individual events. The predominant mode of cilium loss was rapid deciliation, in which the membrane and axoneme of the cilium was shed from the cell. Gradual resorption was also observed, as well as events in which a period of gradual resorption was followed by rapid deciliation. Deciliation resulted in intact shed cilia that could be recovered from culture medium and contained both membrane and axoneme proteins. We modulated levels of katanin and intracellular calcium, two putative regulators of deciliation, and found that excess katanin promotes cilia loss by deciliation, independently of calcium. Together, these results suggest that mammalian ciliary loss involves a tunable decision between deciliation and resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Mirvis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Kathleen A. Siemers
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - W. James Nelson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Tim P. Stearns
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
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30
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King CR, A A Quadros AR, Chazeau A, Saarloos I, van der Graaf AJ, Verhage M, Toonen RF. Fbxo41 Promotes Disassembly of Neuronal Primary Cilia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8179. [PMID: 31160656 PMCID: PMC6546786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44589-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal primary cilia are signaling organelles with crucial roles in brain development and disease. Cilia structure is decisive for their signaling capacities but the mechanisms regulating it are poorly understood. We identify Fbxo41 as a novel Skp1/Cullin1/F-box (SCF) E3-ligase complex subunit that targets to neuronal centrioles where its accumulation promotes disassembly of primary cilia, and affects sonic hedgehog signaling, a canonical ciliary pathway. Fbxo41 targeting to centrioles requires its Coiled-coil and F-box domains. Levels of Fbxo41 at the centrioles inversely correlate with neuronal cilia length, and mutations that disrupt Fbxo41 targeting or assembly into SCF-complexes also disturb its function in cilia disassembly and signaling. Fbxo41 dependent cilia disassembly in mitotic and post-mitotic cells requires rearrangements of the actin-cytoskeleton, but requires Aurora A kinase activation only in mitotic cells, highlighting important mechanistical differences controlling cilia size between mitotic and post-mitotic cells. Phorbol esters induce recruitment of overexpressed Fbxo41 to centrioles and cilia disassembly in neurons, but disassembly can also occur in absence of Fbxo41. We propose that Fbxo41 targeting to centrosomes regulates neuronal cilia structure and signaling capacity in addition to Fbxo41-independent pathways controlling cilia size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cillian R King
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam and VU Medical Center, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ana R A A Quadros
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam and VU Medical Center, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anaël Chazeau
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Saarloos
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam and VU Medical Center, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam and VU Medical Center, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Jolien van der Graaf
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam and VU Medical Center, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Verhage
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam and VU Medical Center, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam and VU Medical Center, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud F Toonen
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam and VU Medical Center, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Mukherjee I, Roy S, Chakrabarti S. Identification of Important Effector Proteins in the FOXJ1 Transcriptional Network Associated With Ciliogenesis and Ciliary Function. Front Genet 2019; 10:23. [PMID: 30881373 PMCID: PMC6405523 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental defects in motile cilia, arising from genetic abnormalities in one or more ciliary genes, can lead to a common ciliopathy known as primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Functional studies in model organisms undertaken to understand PCD or cilia biogenesis have identified 100s of genes regulated by Foxj1, the master regulator of motile ciliogenesis. However, limited systems based studies have been performed to elucidate proteins or network/s crucial to the motile ciliary interactome, although this approach holds promise for identification of multiple cilia-associated genes, which, in turn, could be utilized for screening and early diagnosis of the disease. Here, based on the assumption that FOXJ1-mediated regulatory and signaling networks are representative of the motile cilia interactome, we have constructed and analyzed the gene regulatory and protein–protein interaction network (PPIN) mediated by FOXJ1. The predicted FOXJ1 regulatory network comprises of 424 directly and 148 indirectly regulated genes. Additionally, based on gene ontology analysis, we have associated 17 directly and 6 indirectly regulated genes with possible ciliary roles. Topological and perturbation analyses of the PPIN (6927 proteins, 40,608 interactions) identified 121 proteins expressed in ciliated cells, which interact with multiple proteins encoded by FoxJ1 induced genes (FIG) as important interacting proteins (IIP). However, it is plausible that IIP transcriptionally regulated by FOXJ1 and/or differentially expressed in PCD are likely to have crucial roles in motile cilia. We have found 20 de-regulated topologically important effector proteins in the FOXJ1 regulatory network, among which some (PLSCR1, SSX2IP, ACTN2, CDC42, HSP90AA1, PIAS4) have previously reported ciliary roles. Furthermore, based on pathway enrichment of these proteins and their primary interactors, we have rationalized their possible roles in the ciliary interactome. For instance, 5 among these novel proteins that are involved in cilia associated signaling pathways (like Notch, Wnt, Hedgehog, Toll-like receptor etc.) could be ‘topologically important signaling proteins.’ Therefore, based on this FOXJ1 network study we have predicted important effectors in the motile cilia interactome, which are possibly associated with ciliary biology and/or function and are likely to further our understanding of the pathophysiology in ciliopathies like PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Mukherjee
- Translational Research Unit of Excellence, Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Sudipto Roy
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Saikat Chakrabarti
- Translational Research Unit of Excellence, Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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32
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Abstract
Sphingolipids, including ceramides, glycosphingolipids, sphingomyelin, and sphingosine-1-phosphate, have been recognized as important molecules that regulate critical cellular functions. Although originally studied in the context of lysosomal storage diseases, the roles of these compounds in more common disorders involving metabolism, vascular disease, and aberrant growth has been the focus of recent studies, including in disorders that affect the kidneys. These efforts have led to new insights into Fabry disease, a classic disorder of lysosomal function that results in renal failure as well as in more common renal diseases including diabetic nephropathy and polycystic kidney disease. Pathways for glycosphingolipid synthesis can be targeted with orally available small-molecule inhibitors, creating new opportunities for the treatment of both rare and common kidney diseases.
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A Grow-and-Lock Model for the Control of Flagellum Length in Trypanosomes. Curr Biol 2018; 28:3802-3814.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kong MJ, Bak SH, Han KH, Kim JI, Park JW, Park KM. Fragmentation of kidney epithelial cell primary cilia occurs by cisplatin and these cilia fragments are excreted into the urine. Redox Biol 2018; 20:38-45. [PMID: 30292083 PMCID: PMC6172485 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium, which protrudes from the cell surface, is associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases, including acute kidney injury (AKI). Primary cilium length dynamically changes during the progression of diseases. However, its relevance in disease and the underlying mechanism are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of primary cilia in AKI induced by cisplatin, an effective anticancer drug, and the underlying mechanisms. In addition, we evaluated the usefulness of length alteration and deciliation of primary cilia into the urine for the diagnosis of AKI. Cisplatin induced shortening, elongation, and normalization of the primary cilia in kidney epithelial cells over time. During shortening, primary cilia fragments and ciliary proteins were excreted into the urine. During deciliation, cell proliferation and the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were not significantly changed. Shortening and deciliation of primary cilia were observed before significant increases in plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen concentration occurred. Pretreatment with Mito-Tempo, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, prevented cisplatin-induced primary cilium shortening and inhibited the increases in superoxide formation, lipid peroxidation, blood urea nitrogen, and tissue damage. In contrast, isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (Idh2) gene deletion, which results in defect of the NADPH-associated mitochondrial antioxidant system, exacerbated cisplatin-induced changes in mice. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that cisplatin induces deciliation into the urine and antioxidant treatment prevents this deciliation, renal dysfunction, and tissue damage after cisplatin injection. These results suggest that cisplatin-induced AKI is associated with primary cilia and urine primary cilia proteins might be a non-invasive biomarker of kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Kong
- Department of Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Institute and BK21 Plus, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hong Bak
- Department of Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Institute and BK21 Plus, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hwan Han
- Department of Anatomy, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, 911-1 Mok-6-dong, Yangcheon-ku, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee In Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and MRC, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero 250-gil, Dalseogu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeen-Woo Park
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon Moo Park
- Department of Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Institute and BK21 Plus, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.
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Wang Z, Ma Z, Cao J. Effects of Repeated Aurora-A siRNA Transfection on Cilia Generation and Proliferation of SK-MES-1 or A549 Cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2018; 33:110-117. [PMID: 29641257 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2017.2297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suppression of Aurora kinase A (Aurora-A, AURKA) by siRNA of Aurora-A (siAurora-A, siA) has been used in lung tumor treatment. However, the dose and frequency of gene transfection still need to be confirmed further. We imitated multiple administration of solid tumor and attempted to make out the effects of thrice transfection of siAurora-A on cilia generation and apoptosis of SK-MES-1 cells (SK) or A549 cells. METHODS The Aurora-A mRNA levels of cells cultured with serum for 6 d or without serum for 2, 4, or 6 d were examined with real-time quantitative PCR; Cells were transfected single or repeatedly with siAurora-A or siControl (siC), their Aurora-A mRNA levels were determined with PCR; Their cilia were examined with immunohistochemistry. Cell viability was measured with the MTT assay. Protein expression was analyzed with western blot. RESULTS Cell viability showed a downward trend along with the prolongation of starvation time to the second, fourth, and even to the sixth day in both types of cells. But, the expression level of Aurora-A mRNA flipped to rise at the sixth day instead of decreasing at the fourth day. Protein expression trend of total Aurora-A in the two groups was consistent with Aurora-A mRNA expression trend. Compared with siC-3 group (transfected three times with siControl), siAurora-A significantly reduced the Aurora-A mRNA expression in siA-3 group (transfected three times with siAurora-A). Similarly, the cell viability of siA-3 group was lower than that of siC-3 group. The cell viability of siC-3 group was higher than that of serum-free-6d group, but, levels of Aurora-A mRNA expression of siC-3 group had no difference with serum-free-6d group. Finally, among groups transfected once or three times or starved for 6 d, there was no significant difference of ciliated cell proportions in both types of cells respectively. CONCLUSIONS Repeated siAurora-A transfection decreased Aurora-A expression that resulted in effective suppression proliferation of SK-MES-1 or A549 cells, but did not affect cilia generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Wang
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Command , Shenyang, China .,2 Department of Histology and Embryology, Shenyang Medical , Shenyang, China
| | - Zhuang Ma
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Command , Shenyang, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Command , Shenyang, China
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Abstract
Although tumours initiate from oncogenic changes in a cancer cell, subsequent tumour progression and therapeutic response depend on interactions between the cancer cells and the tumour microenvironment (TME). The primary monocilium, or cilium, provides a spatially localized platform for signalling by Hedgehog, Notch, WNT and some receptor tyrosine kinase pathways and mechanosensation. Changes in ciliation of cancer cells and/or cells of the TME during tumour development enforce asymmetric intercellular signalling in the TME. Growing evidence indicates that some oncogenic signalling pathways as well as some targeted anticancer therapies induce ciliation, while others repress it. The links between the genomic profile of cancer cells, drug treatment and ciliary signalling in the TME likely affect tumour growth and therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Anna A Kiseleva
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Functions and dysfunctions of the mammalian centrosome in health, disorders, disease, and aging. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 150:303-325. [PMID: 30062583 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1698-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery well over 100 years ago (Flemming, in Sitzungsber Akad Wissensch Wien 71:81-147, 1875; Van Beneden, in Bull Acad R Belg 42:35-97, 1876) the centrosome is increasingly being recognized as a most impactful organelle for its role not only as primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) but also as a major communication center for signal transduction pathways and as a center for proteolytic activities. Its significance for cell cycle regulation has been well studied and we now also know that centrosome dysfunctions are implicated in numerous diseases and disorders including cancer, Alstrom syndrome, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, Huntington's disease, reproductive disorders, and several other diseases and disorders. The present review is meant to build on information presented in the previous review (Schatten, in Histochem Cell Biol 129:667-686, 2008) and to highlight functions of the mammalian centrosome in health, and dysfunctions in disorders, disease, and aging with six sections focused on (1) centrosome structure and functions, and new insights into the role of centrosomes in cell cycle progression; (2) the role of centrosomes in tumor initiation and progression; (3) primary cilia, centrosome-primary cilia interactions, and consequences for cell cycle functions in health and disease; (4) transitions from centrosome to non-centrosome functions during cellular polarization; (5) other centrosome dysfunctions associated with the pathogenesis of human disease; and (6) centrosome functions in oocyte germ cells and dysfunctions in reproductive disorders and reproductive aging.
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38
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Park KM. Can Tissue Cilia Lengths and Urine Cilia Proteins Be Markers of Kidney Diseases? Chonnam Med J 2018; 54:83-89. [PMID: 29854673 PMCID: PMC5972129 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2018.54.2.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is an organelle which consists of a microtubule in the core and a surrounding cilia membrane, and has long been recognized as a “vestigial organelle”. However, new evidence demonstrates that the primary cilium has a notable effect on signal transduction in the cell and is associated with some genetic and non-genetic diseases. In the kidney, the primary cilium protrudes into the Bowman's space and the tubular lumen from the apical side of epithelial cells. The length of primary cilia is dynamically altered during the normal cell cycle, being shortened by retraction into the cell body at the entry of cell division and elongated at differentiation. Furthermore, the length of primary cilia is also dynamically changed in the cells, as a result and/or cause, during the progression of various kidney diseases including acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Notably, recent data has demonstrated that the shortening of the primary cilium in the cell is associated with fragmentation, apart from retraction into the cell body, in the progression of diseases and that the fragmented primary cilia are released into the urine. This data reveals that the alteration of primary cilia length could be related to the progression of diseases. This review will consider if primary cilia length alteration is associated with the progression of kidney diseases and if the length of tissue primary cilia and the presence or increase of cilia proteins in the urine is indicative of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwon Moo Park
- Department of Anatomy and BK21 Plus, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Machado MV, Diehl AM. Hedgehog signalling in liver pathophysiology. J Hepatol 2018; 68:550-562. [PMID: 29107151 PMCID: PMC5957514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Liver disease remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide despite recent successes in the field of viral hepatitis, because increases in alcohol consumption and obesity are fuelling an epidemic of chronic fatty liver disease for which there are currently no effective medical therapies. About 20% of individuals with chronic liver injury ultimately develop end-stage liver disease due to cirrhosis. Hence, treatments to prevent and reverse cirrhosis in individuals with ongoing liver injury are desperately needed. The development of successful treatments requires an improved understanding of the mechanisms controlling liver disease progression. The liver responds to diverse insults with a conserved wound healing response, suggesting that it might be generally beneficial to optimise pathways that are crucial for effective liver repair. The Hedgehog pathway has emerged as a potential target based on compelling preclinical and clinical data, which demonstrate that it critically regulates the liver's response to injury. Herein, we will summarise evidence of the Hedgehog pathway's role in liver disease and discuss how modulating pathway activity might be applied to improve liver disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Verdelho Machado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Gastroenterology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, CHLN, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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40
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Kowalska M, Rupik W. Development of the duct system during exocrine pancreas differentiation in the grass snakeNatrix natrix(Lepidosauria, Serpentes). J Morphol 2018; 279:724-746. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kowalska
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology; University of Silesia; Katowice Poland
| | - Weronika Rupik
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology; University of Silesia; Katowice Poland
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The Impact of Centrosome Pathologies on Prostate Cancer Development and Progression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1095:67-81. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-95693-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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42
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Han SJ, Jang HS, Seu SY, Cho HJ, Hwang YJ, Kim JI, Park KM. Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury disrupts the homeostasis of kidney primary cilia via oxidative stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1817-1828. [PMID: 28495528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major complication of hepatic surgeries. The primary cilium protrudes to the lumen of kidney tubules and plays an important role in renal functions. Disruption of primary cilia homeostasis is highly associated with human diseases including AKI. Here, we investigated whether transient hepatic ischemia induces length change and deciliation of kidney primary cilia, and if so, whether reactive oxygen species (ROS)/oxidative stress regulates those. HIR induced damages to the liver and kidney with increases in ROS/oxidative stress. HIR shortened the cilia of kidney epithelial cells and caused them to shed into the urine. This shortening and shedding of cilia was prevented by Mn(III) tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin (MnTMPyP, an antioxidant). The urine of patient undergone liver resection contained ciliary proteins. These findings indicate that HIR induces shortening and deciliation of kidney primary cilia into the urine via ROS/oxidative stress, suggesting that primary cilia is associated with HIR-induced AKI and that the presence of ciliary proteins in the urine could be a potential indication of kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jun Han
- Department of Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Institute and BK21 Plus, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seong Jang
- Department of Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Institute and BK21 Plus, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Young Seu
- Department of Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Institute and BK21 Plus, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Cho
- Department of Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Institute and BK21 Plus, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jin Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 807 Hoguk-ro, Bukgu, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee In Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and MRC, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero 250-gil, Dalseogu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon Moo Park
- Department of Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Institute and BK21 Plus, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.
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Mizuno K, Sloboda RD. Protein arginine methyltransferases interact with intraflagellar transport particles and change location during flagellar growth and resorption. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1208-1222. [PMID: 28298486 PMCID: PMC5415017 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-11-0774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyl transferases are located at specific sites in the flagellum. They change location during changes in flagellar dynamics (i.e., resorption and regeneration) via interaction with intraflagellar transport trains. Changes in protein by posttranslational modifications comprise an important mechanism for the control of many cellular processes. Several flagellar proteins are methylated on arginine residues during flagellar resorption; however, the function is not understood. To learn more about the role of protein methylation during flagellar dynamics, we focused on protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) 1, 3, 5, and 10. These PRMTs localize to the tip of flagella and in a punctate pattern along the length, very similar, but not identical, to that of intraflagellar transport (IFT) components. In addition, we found that PRMT 1 and 3 are also highly enriched at the base of the flagella, and the basal localization of these PRMTs changes during flagellar regeneration and resorption. Proteins with methyl arginine residues are also enriched at the tip and base of flagella, and their localization also changes during flagellar assembly and disassembly. PRMTs are lost from the flagella of fla10-1 cells, which carry a temperature-sensitive mutation in the anterograde motor for IFT. The data define the distribution of specific PRMTs and their target proteins in flagella and demonstrate that PRMTs are cargo for translocation within flagella by the process of IFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Mizuno
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Roger D Sloboda
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543 .,Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
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Hilton LK, Meili F, Buckoll PD, Rodriguez-Pike JC, Choutka CP, Kirschner JA, Warner F, Lethan M, Garces FA, Qi J, Quarmby LM. A Forward Genetic Screen and Whole Genome Sequencing Identify Deflagellation Defective Mutants in Chlamydomonas, Including Assignment of ADF1 as a TRP Channel. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2016; 6:3409-3418. [PMID: 27520959 PMCID: PMC5068960 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.034264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
With rare exception, ciliated cells entering mitosis lose their cilia, thereby freeing basal bodies to serve as centrosomes in the formation of high-fidelity mitotic spindles. Cilia can be lost by shedding or disassembly, but either way, it appears that the final release may be via a coordinated severing of the nine axonemal outer doublet microtubules linking the basal body to the ciliary transition zone. Little is known about the mechanism or regulation of this important process. The stress-induced deflagellation response of Chlamydomonas provides a basis to identifying key players in axonemal severing. In an earlier screen we uncovered multiple alleles for each of three deflagellation genes, ADF1, FA1, and FA2 Products of the two FA genes localize to the site of axonemal severing and encode a scaffolding protein and a member of the NIMA-related family of ciliary-cell cycle kinases. The identity of the ADF1 gene remained elusive. Here, we report a new screen using a mutagenesis that yields point mutations in Chlamydomonas, an enhanced screening methodology, and whole genome sequencing. We isolated numerous new alleles of the three known genes, and one or two alleles each of at least four new genes. We identify ADF1 as a TRP ion channel, which we suggest may reside at the flagellar transition zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Hilton
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Fabian Meili
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Paul D Buckoll
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Julie C Rodriguez-Pike
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Courtney P Choutka
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jaime A Kirschner
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Freda Warner
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Mette Lethan
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Fabian A Garces
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jingnan Qi
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Lynne M Quarmby
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
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Inaba H, Goto H, Kasahara K, Kumamoto K, Yonemura S, Inoko A, Yamano S, Wanibuchi H, He D, Goshima N, Kiyono T, Hirotsune S, Inagaki M. Ndel1 suppresses ciliogenesis in proliferating cells by regulating the trichoplein-Aurora A pathway. J Cell Biol 2016; 212:409-23. [PMID: 26880200 PMCID: PMC4754717 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201507046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ndel1, a protein located at the subdistal appendage of mother centriole, functions as an upstream regulator of the trichoplein–Aurora A pathway that suppresses ciliogenesis in proliferating cells. Primary cilia protrude from the surface of quiescent cells and disassemble at cell cycle reentry. We previously showed that ciliary reassembly is suppressed by trichoplein-mediated Aurora A activation pathway in growing cells. Here, we report that Ndel1, a well-known modulator of dynein activity, localizes at the subdistal appendage of the mother centriole, which nucleates a primary cilium. In the presence of serum, Ndel1 depletion reduces trichoplein at the mother centriole and induces unscheduled primary cilia formation, which is reverted by forced trichoplein expression or coknockdown of KCTD17 (an E3 ligase component protein for trichoplein). Serum starvation induced transient Ndel1 degradation, subsequent to the disappearance of trichoplein at the mother centriole. Forced expression of Ndel1 suppressed trichoplein degradation and axonemal microtubule extension during ciliogenesis, similar to trichoplein induction or KCTD17 knockdown. Most importantly, the proportion of ciliated and quiescent cells was increased in the kidney tubular epithelia of newborn Ndel1-hypomorphic mice. Thus, Ndel1 acts as a novel upstream regulator of the trichoplein–Aurora A pathway to inhibit primary cilia assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Inaba
- Division of Biochemistry, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Goto
- Division of Biochemistry, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan Department of Cellular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kousuke Kasahara
- Division of Biochemistry, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan Department of Oncology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kanako Kumamoto
- Department of Genetic Disease Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Yonemura
- Center for Life Science Technologies (Ultrastructural Research Team), Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Akihito Inoko
- Division of Biochemistry, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Shotaro Yamano
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hideki Wanibuchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Dongwei He
- Division of Biochemistry, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Naoki Goshima
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shinji Hirotsune
- Department of Genetic Disease Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masaki Inagaki
- Division of Biochemistry, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan Department of Cellular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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Wang X, Li H, Fu G, Wang Y, Du S, Yu L, Wei Y, Chen S. Testis-specific serine/threonine protein kinase 4 (Tssk4) phosphorylates Odf2 at Ser-76. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22861. [PMID: 26961893 PMCID: PMC4785400 DOI: 10.1038/srep22861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a member of the testis-specific serine/threonine protein kinase (TSSK) family, Tssk4 is exclusively expressed in the testis and plays an essential role in male fertility. We previously reported that Tssk4 can associate with and phosphorylate Odf2, but the phosphorylation site is still unknown. Here we confirm that the C-terminal region (amino acids 214-638) of Odf2 is required for association with Tssk4. Furthermore, to identify the site at which Tssk4 phosphorylates Odf2, we generated several Odf2 point mutants (Ser/Thr/Lys to Ala) and identified serine 76 of Odf2 as one of the phosphorylation sites. In vivo, phosphorylated Odf2 was evaluated in mouse sperm using a specific phospho-Ser-76 Odf2 antibody and LC-MS/MS. These findings are the first to demonstrate the phosphorylation site in Odf2 by Tssk4, providing essential clues regarding the function of Tssk4 in regulating sperm motility and/or structure and thus male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R.China
| | - Han Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R.China.,Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Guolong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yunfu Wang
- Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Shiming Du
- Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Long Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Youheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Shi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R.China
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Cellular Mechanisms of Ciliary Length Control. Cells 2016; 5:cells5010006. [PMID: 26840332 PMCID: PMC4810091 DOI: 10.3390/cells5010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia and flagella are evolutionarily conserved, membrane-bound, microtubule-based organelles on the surface of most eukaryotic cells. They play important roles in coordinating a variety of signaling pathways during growth, development, cell mobility, and tissue homeostasis. Defects in ciliary structure or function are associated with multiple human disorders called ciliopathies. These diseases affect diverse tissues, including, but not limited to the eyes, kidneys, brain, and lungs. Many processes must be coordinated simultaneously in order to initiate ciliogenesis. These include cell cycle, vesicular trafficking, and axonemal extension. Centrioles play a central role in both cell cycle progression and ciliogenesis, making the transition between basal bodies and mitotic spindle organizers integral to both processes. The maturation of centrioles involves a functional shift from cell division toward cilium nucleation which takes place concurrently with its migration and fusion to the plasma membrane. Several proteinaceous structures of the distal appendages in mother centrioles are required for this docking process. Ciliary assembly and maintenance requires a precise balance between two indispensable processes; so called assembly and disassembly. The interplay between them determines the length of the resulting cilia. These processes require a highly conserved transport system to provide the necessary substances at the tips of the cilia and to recycle ciliary turnover products to the base using a based microtubule intraflagellar transport (IFT) system. In this review; we discuss the stages of ciliogenesis as well as mechanisms controlling the lengths of assembled cilia.
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Izawa I, Goto H, Kasahara K, Inagaki M. Current topics of functional links between primary cilia and cell cycle. Cilia 2015; 4:12. [PMID: 26719793 PMCID: PMC4696186 DOI: 10.1186/s13630-015-0021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia, microtubule-based sensory structures, orchestrate various critical signals during development and tissue homeostasis. In view of the rising interest into the reciprocal link between ciliogenesis and cell cycle, we discuss here several recent advances to understand the molecular link between the individual step of ciliogenesis and cell cycle control. At the onset of ciliogenesis (the transition from centrosome to basal body), distal appendage proteins have been established as components indispensable for the docking of vesicles at the mother centriole. In the initial step of axonemal extension, CP110, Ofd1, and trichoplein, key negative regulators of ciliogenesis, are found to be removed by a kinase-dependent mechanism, autophagy, and ubiquitin–proteasome system, respectively. Of note, their disposal functions as a restriction point to decide that the axonemal nucleation and extension begin. In the elongation step, Nde1, a negative regulator of ciliary length, is revealed to be ubiquitylated and degraded by CDK5-SCFFbw7 in a cell cycle-dependent manner. With regard to ciliary length control, it has been uncovered in flagellar shortening of Chlamydomonas that cilia itself transmit a ciliary length signal to cytoplasm. At the ciliary resorption step upon cell cycle re-entry, cilia are found to be disassembled not only by Aurora A-HDAC6 pathway but also by Nek2-Kif24 and Plk1-Kif2A pathways through their microtubule-depolymerizing activity. On the other hand, it is becoming evident that the presence of primary cilia itself functions as a structural checkpoint for cell cycle re-entry. These data suggest that ciliogenesis and cell cycle intimately link each other, and further elucidation of these mechanisms will contribute to understanding the pathology of cilia-related disease including cancer and discovering targets of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Izawa
- Division of Biochemistry, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681 Japan
| | - Hidemasa Goto
- Division of Biochemistry, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681 Japan ; Department of Cellular Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
| | - Kousuke Kasahara
- Division of Biochemistry, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681 Japan ; Department of Oncology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603 Japan
| | - Masaki Inagaki
- Division of Biochemistry, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681 Japan ; Department of Cellular Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
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Hascoet P, Chesnel F, Le Goff C, Le Goff X, Arlot-Bonnemains Y. Unconventional Functions of Mitotic Kinases in Kidney Tumorigenesis. Front Oncol 2015; 5:241. [PMID: 26579493 PMCID: PMC4621426 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Human tumors exhibit a variety of genetic alterations, including point mutations, translocations, gene amplifications and deletions, as well as aneuploid chromosome numbers. For carcinomas, aneuploidy is associated with poor patient outcome for a large variety of tumor types, including breast, colon, and renal cell carcinoma. The Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a heterogeneous carcinoma consisting of different histologic types. The clear renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype and represents 85% of the RCC. Central to the biology of the ccRCC is the loss of function of the Von Hippel–Lindau gene, but is also associated with genetic instability that could be caused by abrogation of the cell cycle mitotic spindle checkpoint and may involve the Aurora kinases, which regulate centrosome maturation. Aneuploidy can also result from the loss of cell–cell adhesion and apical–basal cell polarity that also may be regulated by the mitotic kinases (polo-like kinase 1, casein kinase 2, doublecortin-like kinase 1, and Aurora kinases). In this review, we describe the “non-mitotic” unconventional functions of these kinases in renal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Hascoet
- UMR 6290 (IGDR), CNRS, University Rennes-1 , Rennes , France
| | - Franck Chesnel
- UMR 6290 (IGDR), CNRS, University Rennes-1 , Rennes , France
| | - Cathy Le Goff
- UMR 6290 (IGDR), CNRS, University Rennes-1 , Rennes , France
| | - Xavier Le Goff
- UMR 6290 (IGDR), CNRS, University Rennes-1 , Rennes , France
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50
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Flannery RJ, Kleene NK, Kleene SJ. A TRPM4-dependent current in murine renal primary cilia. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 309:F697-707. [PMID: 26290373 PMCID: PMC4609916 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00294.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in primary cilia lead to a variety of human diseases. One of these, polycystic kidney disease, can be caused by defects in a Ca²⁺-gated ion channel (TRPP2) found on the cilium. Other ciliary functions also contribute to cystogenesis, and defects in apical Ca²⁺ homeostasis have been implicated. By recording directly from the native cilia of mIMCD-3 cells, a murine cell line of renal epithelial origin, we have identified a second Ca²⁺-gated channel in the ciliary membrane: the transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 4 (TRPM4). In excised primary cilia, TRPM4 was found to have a low sensitivity to Ca²⁺, with an EC₅₀ of 646 μM at +100 mV. It was inhibited by MgATP and by 9-phenanthrol. The channel was not permeable to Ca²⁺ or Cl⁻ and had a permeability ratio PK/PNa of 1.42. Reducing the expression of Trpm4 mRNA with short hairpin (sh) RNA reduced the TRPM4 current by 87% and shortened primary cilia by 43%. When phospholipase C was inhibited, the sensitivity to cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ greatly increased (EC₅₀ = 26 μM at +100 mV), which is consistent with previous reports that phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) modulates the channel. MgATP did not restore the channel to a preinactivation state, suggesting that the enzyme or substrate necessary for making PIP2 is not abundant in primary cilia of mIMCD-3 cells. The function of TRPM4 in renal primary cilia is not yet known, but it is likely to influence the apical Ca²⁺ dynamics of the cell, perhaps in tandem with TRPP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Flannery
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Nancy K Kleene
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Steven J Kleene
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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