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Skalka GL, Tsakovska M, Murphy DJ. Kinase signalling adaptation supports dysfunctional mitochondria in disease. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1354682. [PMID: 38434478 PMCID: PMC10906720 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1354682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria form a critical control nexus which are essential for maintaining correct tissue homeostasis. An increasing number of studies have identified dysregulation of mitochondria as a driver in cancer. However, which pathways support and promote this adapted mitochondrial function? A key hallmark of cancer is perturbation of kinase signalling pathways. These pathways include mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK), lipid secondary messenger networks, cyclic-AMP-activated (cAMP)/AMP-activated kinases (AMPK), and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) networks. These signalling pathways have multiple substrates which support initiation and persistence of cancer. Many of these are involved in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial apoptosis, mitochondrial calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial associated membranes (MAMs), and retrograde ROS signalling. This review will aim to both explore how kinase signalling integrates with these critical mitochondrial pathways and highlight how these systems can be usurped to support the development of disease. In addition, we will identify areas which require further investigation to fully understand the complexities of these regulatory interactions. Overall, this review will emphasize how studying the interaction between kinase signalling and mitochondria improves our understanding of mitochondrial homeostasis and can yield novel therapeutic targets to treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- George L. Skalka
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mina Tsakovska
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J. Murphy
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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2
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Torres RM, Turner JA, D’Antonio M, Pelanda R, Kremer KN. Regulation of CD8 T-cell signaling, metabolism, and cytotoxic activity by extracellular lysophosphatidic acid. Immunol Rev 2023; 317:203-222. [PMID: 37096808 PMCID: PMC10523933 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an endogenous bioactive lipid that is produced extracellularly and signals to cells via cognate LPA receptors, which are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Mature lymphocytes in mice and humans express three LPA receptors, LPA2 , LPA5, and LPA6 , and work from our group has determined that LPA5 signaling by T lymphocytes inhibits specific antigen-receptor signaling pathways that ultimately impair lymphocyte activation, proliferation, and function. In this review, we discuss previous and ongoing work characterizing the ability of an LPA-LPA5 axis to serve as a peripheral immunological tolerance mechanism that restrains adaptive immunity but is subverted during settings of chronic inflammation. Specifically, LPA-LPA5 signaling is found to regulate effector cytotoxic CD8 T cells by (at least) two mechanisms: (i) regulating the actin-microtubule cytoskeleton in a manner that impairs immunological synapse formation between an effector CD8 T cell and antigen-specific target cell, thus directly impairing cytotoxic activity, and (ii) shifting T-cell metabolism to depend on fatty-acid oxidation for mitochondrial respiration and reducing metabolic efficiency. The in vivo outcome of LPA5 inhibitory activity impairs CD8 T-cell killing and tumor immunity in mouse models providing impetus to consider LPA5 antagonism for the treatment of malignancies and chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul M. Torres
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora Colorado, 80045
| | - Jacqueline A. Turner
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora Colorado, 80045
| | - Marc D’Antonio
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora Colorado, 80045
| | - Roberta Pelanda
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora Colorado, 80045
| | - Kimberly N. Kremer
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora Colorado, 80045
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3
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LPA suppresses T cell function by altering the cytoskeleton and disrupting immune synapse formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2118816119. [PMID: 35394866 PMCID: PMC9169816 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118816119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer and chronic infections often increase levels of the bioactive lipid, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), that we have demonstrated acts as an inhibitory ligand upon binding LPAR5 on CD8 T cells, suppressing cytotoxic activity and tumor control. This study, using human and mouse primary T lymphocytes, reveals how LPA disrupts antigen-specific CD8 T cell:target cell immune synapse (IS) formation and T cell function via competing for cytoskeletal regulation. Specifically, we find upon antigen-specific T cell:target cell formation, IP3R1 localizes to the IS by a process dependent on mDia1 and actin and microtubule polymerization. LPA not only inhibited IP3R1 from reaching the IS but also altered T cell receptor (TCR)–induced localization of RhoA and mDia1 impairing F-actin accumulation and altering the tubulin code. Consequently, LPA impeded calcium store release and IS-directed cytokine secretion. Thus, targeting LPA signaling in chronic inflammatory conditions may rescue T cell function and promote antiviral and antitumor immunity.
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4
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Fomina AF. Neglected wardens: T lymphocyte ryanodine receptors. J Physiol 2021; 599:4415-4426. [PMID: 34411300 DOI: 10.1113/jp281722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are intracellular Ca2+ release channels ubiquitously expressed in various cell types. RyRs were extensively studied in striated muscle cells due to their crucial role in muscle contraction. In contrast, the role of RyRs in Ca2+ signalling and functions in non-excitable cells, such as T lymphocytes, remains poorly understood. Expression of different isoforms of RyRs was shown in primary T cells and T cell lines. In T cells, RyRs co-localize with the plasmalemmal store-operated Ca2+ channels of the Orai family and endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sensing Stim family proteins and are activated by store-operated Ca2+ entry and pyridine nucleotide metabolites, the intracellular second messengers generated upon stimulation of T cell receptors. Experimental data indicate that together with d-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors, RyRs regulate intercellular Ca2+ dynamics by controlling Ca2+ concentration within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and, consequently, store-operated Ca2+ entry. Gain-of-function mutations, genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of RyRs alters T cell Ca2+ signalling and effector functions. The picture emerging from the collective data shows that RyRs are the essential regulators of T cell Ca2+ signalling and can be potentially used as molecular targets for immunomodulation or T cell-based diagnostics of the disorders associated with RyRs dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla F Fomina
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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5
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Marongiu L, Mingozzi F, Cigni C, Marzi R, Di Gioia M, Garrè M, Parazzoli D, Sironi L, Collini M, Sakaguchi R, Morii T, Crosti M, Moro M, Schurmans S, Catelani T, Rotem R, Colombo M, Shears S, Prosperi D, Zanoni I, Granucci F. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase B promotes Ca 2+ mobilization and the inflammatory activity of dendritic cells. Sci Signal 2021; 14:14/676/eaaz2120. [PMID: 33785611 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaz2120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune responses to Gram-negative bacteria depend on the recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by a receptor complex that includes CD14 and TLR4. In dendritic cells (DCs), CD14 enhances the activation not only of TLR4 but also that of the NFAT family of transcription factors, which suppresses cell survival and promotes the production of inflammatory mediators. NFAT activation requires Ca2+ mobilization. In DCs, Ca2+ mobilization in response to LPS depends on phospholipase C γ2 (PLCγ2), which produces inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). Here, we showed that the IP3 receptor 3 (IP3R3) and ITPKB, a kinase that converts IP3 to inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (IP4), were both necessary for Ca2+ mobilization and NFAT activation in mouse and human DCs. A pool of IP3R3 was located on the plasma membrane of DCs, where it colocalized with CD14 and ITPKB. Upon LPS binding to CD14, ITPKB was required for Ca2+ mobilization through plasma membrane-localized IP3R3 and for NFAT nuclear translocation. Pharmacological inhibition of ITPKB in mice reduced both LPS-induced tissue swelling and the severity of inflammatory arthritis to a similar extent as that induced by the inhibition of NFAT using nanoparticles that delivered an NFAT-inhibiting peptide specifically to phagocytic cells. Our results suggest that ITPKB may represent a promising target for anti-inflammatory therapies that aim to inhibit specific DC functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marongiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Mingozzi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Cigni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Marzi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Di Gioia
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Immunology, Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Laura Sironi
- Department of Physics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Collini
- Department of Physics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Reiko Sakaguchi
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Morii
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Mariacristina Crosti
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Moro
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Stéphane Schurmans
- Laboratory of Functional Genetics, GIGA-B34, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Tiziano Catelani
- Piattaforma Interdipartimentale di Microscopia, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Rany Rotem
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Miriam Colombo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Stephen Shears
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, NIEHS/NIH, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Davide Prosperi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Immunology, Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francesca Granucci
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy. .,INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20122 Milan, Italy
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6
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Ahumada-Castro U, Bustos G, Silva-Pavez E, Puebla-Huerta A, Lovy A, Cárdenas C. In the Right Place at the Right Time: Regulation of Cell Metabolism by IP3R-Mediated Inter-Organelle Ca 2+ Fluxes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:629522. [PMID: 33738285 PMCID: PMC7960657 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.629522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, metabolism has been shown to be controlled by cross-organelle communication. The relationship between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria/lysosomes is the most studied; here, inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) receptor (IP3R)-mediated calcium (Ca2+) release plays a central role. Recent evidence suggests that IP3R isoforms participate in synthesis and degradation pathways. This minireview will summarize the current findings in this area, emphasizing the critical role of Ca2+ communication on organelle function as well as catabolism and anabolism, particularly in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulises Ahumada-Castro
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Galdo Bustos
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Silva-Pavez
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Puebla-Huerta
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alenka Lovy
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience Research, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - César Cárdenas
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
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7
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Kushnir A, Santulli G, Reiken SR, Coromilas E, Godfrey SJ, Brunjes DL, Colombo PC, Yuzefpolskaya M, Sokol SI, Kitsis RN, Marks AR. Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Leak in Circulating B-Lymphocytes as a Biomarker in Heart Failure. Circulation 2019; 138:1144-1154. [PMID: 29593014 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.032703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in congestive heart failure (CHF) management depend on biomarkers for monitoring disease progression and therapeutic response. During systole, intracellular Ca2+ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm through type-2 ryanodine receptor/Ca2+ release channels. In CHF, chronically elevated circulating catecholamine levels cause pathological remodeling of type-2 ryanodine receptor/Ca2+ release channels resulting in diastolic sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ leak and decreased myocardial contractility. Similarly, skeletal muscle contraction requires sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release through type-1 ryanodine receptors (RyR1), and chronically elevated catecholamine levels in CHF cause RyR1-mediated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ leak, contributing to myopathy and weakness. Circulating B-lymphocytes express RyR1 and catecholamine-responsive signaling cascades, making them a potential surrogate for defects in intracellular Ca2+ handling because of leaky RyR channels in CHF. METHODS Whole blood was collected from patients with CHF, CHF following left-ventricular assist device implant, and controls. Blood was also collected from mice with ischemic CHF, ischemic CHF+S107 (a drug that specifically reduces RyR channel Ca2+ leak), and wild-type controls. Channel macromolecular complex was assessed by immunostaining RyR1 immunoprecipitated from lymphocyte-enriched preparations. RyR1 Ca2+ leak was assessed using flow cytometry to measure Ca2+ fluorescence in B-lymphocytes in the absence and presence of RyR1 agonists that empty RyR1 Ca2+ stores within the endoplasmic reticulum. RESULTS Circulating B-lymphocytes from humans and mice with CHF exhibited remodeled RyR1 and decreased endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores, consistent with chronic intracellular Ca2+ leak. This Ca2+ leak correlated with circulating catecholamine levels. The intracellular Ca2+ leak was significantly reduced in mice treated with the Rycal S107. Patients with CHF treated with left-ventricular assist devices exhibited a heterogeneous response. CONCLUSIONS In CHF, B-lymphocytes exhibit remodeled leaky RyR1 channels and decreased endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores consistent with chronic intracellular Ca2+ leak. RyR1-mediated Ca2+ leak in B-lymphocytes assessed using flow cytometry provides a surrogate measure of intracellular Ca2+ handling and systemic sympathetic burden, presenting a novel biomarker for monitoring response to pharmacological and mechanical CHF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kushnir
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (A.K., G.S., S.R.R., A.R.M.).,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (A.K., E.C., S.J.G., D.L.B., P.C.C., M.Y., A.R.M.)
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (A.K., G.S., S.R.R., A.R.M.)
| | - Steven R Reiken
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (A.K., G.S., S.R.R., A.R.M.)
| | - Ellie Coromilas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (A.K., E.C., S.J.G., D.L.B., P.C.C., M.Y., A.R.M.)
| | - Sarah J Godfrey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (A.K., E.C., S.J.G., D.L.B., P.C.C., M.Y., A.R.M.)
| | - Danielle L Brunjes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (A.K., E.C., S.J.G., D.L.B., P.C.C., M.Y., A.R.M.)
| | - Paolo C Colombo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (A.K., E.C., S.J.G., D.L.B., P.C.C., M.Y., A.R.M.)
| | - Melana Yuzefpolskaya
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (A.K., E.C., S.J.G., D.L.B., P.C.C., M.Y., A.R.M.)
| | - Seth I Sokol
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY (S.I.S.)
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (R.N.K.)
| | - Andrew R Marks
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (A.K., G.S., S.R.R., A.R.M.).,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (A.K., E.C., S.J.G., D.L.B., P.C.C., M.Y., A.R.M.)
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8
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Joshi RN, Binai NA, Marabita F, Sui Z, Altman A, Heck AJR, Tegnér J, Schmidt A. Phosphoproteomics Reveals Regulatory T Cell-Mediated DEF6 Dephosphorylation That Affects Cytokine Expression in Human Conventional T Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1163. [PMID: 28993769 PMCID: PMC5622166 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) control key events of immune tolerance, primarily by suppression of effector T cells. We previously revealed that Tregs rapidly suppress T cell receptor (TCR)-induced calcium store depletion in conventional CD4+CD25− T cells (Tcons) independently of IP3 levels, consequently inhibiting NFAT signaling and effector cytokine expression. Here, we study Treg suppression mechanisms through unbiased phosphoproteomics of primary human Tcons upon TCR stimulation and Treg-mediated suppression, respectively. Tregs induced a state of overall decreased phosphorylation as opposed to TCR stimulation. We discovered novel phosphosites (T595_S597) in the DEF6 (SLAT) protein that were phosphorylated upon TCR stimulation and conversely dephosphorylated upon coculture with Tregs. Mutation of these DEF6 phosphosites abrogated interaction of DEF6 with the IP3 receptor and affected NFAT activation and cytokine transcription in primary Tcons. This novel mechanism and phosphoproteomics data resource may aid in modifying sensitivity of Tcons to Treg-mediated suppression in autoimmune disease or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubin N Joshi
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nadine A Binai
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Francesco Marabita
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhenhua Sui
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Amnon Altman
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jesper Tegnér
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.,Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Angelika Schmidt
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Tespa1 regulates T cell receptor-induced calcium signals by recruiting inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15732. [PMID: 28598420 PMCID: PMC5472764 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymocyte-expressed, positive selection-associated 1 (Tespa1) is important in T cell receptor (TCR)-driven thymocyte development. Downstream of the TCR, Tespa1 is a crucial component of the linker for activation of T cells (LAT) signalosome, facilitating calcium signalling and subsequent MAPK activation. However, it is unknown how Tespa1 elicits calcium signalling. Here, we show that inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 (IP3R1) is crucial for Tespa1-optimized, TCR-induced Ca2+ flux and thymocyte development. Upon TCR stimulation, Tespa1 directly interacts with IP3R1 and recruits it to the TCR complex, where IP3R1 is phosphorylated at Y353 by Fyn. This Tespa1-IP3R1 interaction is mediated by the F187 and F188 residues of Tespa1 and the amino-terminus of IP3R1. Tespa1-F187A/F188A mutant mice phenocopy Tespa1-deficient mice with impaired late thymocyte development due to reduced IP3R1 translocation to the TCR-proximal region. Our work elucidates the function of Tespa1 in T cell development and the regulation of TCR-induced Ca2+ signalling through IP3R1. The thymocyte development protein Tespa1 is known to translate T cell receptor signals by affecting the calcium signalling cascade, but it is not clear how. Here the authors show that Tespa1 recruits IP3R1 to the TCR signalling complex.
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10
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Prole DL, Taylor CW. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors and their protein partners as signalling hubs. J Physiol 2016; 594:2849-66. [PMID: 26830355 PMCID: PMC4887697 DOI: 10.1113/jp271139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) are expressed in nearly all animal cells, where they mediate the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. The complex spatial and temporal organization of the ensuing intracellular Ca2+ signals allows selective regulation of diverse physiological responses. Interactions of IP3Rs with other proteins contribute to the specificity and speed of Ca2+ signalling pathways, and to their capacity to integrate information from other signalling pathways. In this review, we provide a comprehensive survey of the proteins proposed to interact with IP3Rs and the functional effects that these interactions produce. Interacting proteins can determine the activity of IP3Rs, facilitate their regulation by multiple signalling pathways and direct the Ca2+ that they release to specific targets. We suggest that IP3Rs function as signalling hubs through which diverse inputs are processed and then emerge as cytosolic Ca2+ signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Prole
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Colin W Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
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11
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Brown SA, Loew LM. Integration of modeling with experimental and clinical findings synthesizes and refines the central role of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 in spinocerebellar ataxia. Front Neurosci 2015; 8:453. [PMID: 25653583 PMCID: PMC4300941 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A suite of models was developed to study the role of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 (IP3R1) in spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). Several SCAs are linked to reduced abundance of IP3R1 or to supranormal sensitivity of the receptor to activation by its ligand inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). Detailed multidimensional models have been created to simulate biochemical calcium signaling and membrane electrophysiology in cerebellar Purkinje neurons. In these models, IP3R1-mediated calcium release is allowed to interact with ion channel response on the cell membrane. Experimental findings in mice and clinical observations in humans provide data input for the models. The SCA modeling suite helps interpret experimental results and provides suggestions to guide experiments. The models predict IP3R1 supersensitivity in SCA1 and compensatory mechanisms in SCA1, SCA2, and SCA3. Simulations explain the impact of calcium buffer proteins. Results show that IP3R1-mediated calcium release activates voltage-gated calcium-activated potassium channels in the plasma membrane. The SCA modeling suite unifies observations from experiments in a number of SCAs. The cadre of simulations demonstrates the central role of IP3R1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leslie M Loew
- Richard D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT, USA
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12
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Ehrlich LS, Medina GN, Photiadis S, Whittredge PB, Watanabe S, Taraska JW, Carter CA. Tsg101 regulates PI(4,5)P2/Ca(2+) signaling for HIV-1 Gag assembly. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:234. [PMID: 24904548 PMCID: PMC4033031 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies identified the 1,4,5-inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), a channel mediating release of Ca2+ from ER stores, as a cellular factor differentially associated with HIV-1 Gag that might facilitate ESCRT function in virus budding. Channel opening requires activation that is initiated by binding of 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3), a product of phospholipase C (PLC)-mediated PI(4,5)P2 hydrolysis. The store emptying that follows stimulates store refilling which requires intact PI(4,5)P2. Raising cytosolic Ca2+ promotes viral particle production and our studies indicate that IP3R and the ER Ca2+ store are the physiological providers of Ca2+ for Gag assembly and release. Here, we show that Gag modulates ER store gating and refilling. Cells expressing Gag exhibited a higher cytosolic Ca2+ level originating from the ER store than control cells, suggesting that Gag induced release of store Ca2+. This property required the PTAP motif in Gag that recruits Tsg101, an ESCRT-1 component. Consistent with cytosolic Ca2+ elevation, Gag accumulation at the plasma membrane was found to require continuous IP3R activation. Like other IP3R channel modulators, Gag was detected in physical proximity to the ER and to endogenous IP3R, as indicated respectively by total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) or indirect immunofluorescence. Reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation suggested that Gag and IP3R proximity is favored when the PTAP motif in Gag is intact. Gag expression was also accompanied by increased PI(4,5)P2 accumulation at the plasma membrane, a condition favoring store refilling capacity. Supporting this notion, Gag particle production was impervious to treatment with 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, an inhibitor of a refilling coupling interaction. In contrast, particle production by a Gag mutant lacking the PTAP motif was reduced. We conclude that a functional PTAP L domain, and by inference Tsg101 binding, confers Gag with an ability to modulate both ER store Ca2+ release and ER store refilling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna S Ehrlich
- Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Gisselle N Medina
- Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Sara Photiadis
- Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Paul B Whittredge
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan Watanabe
- Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Justin W Taraska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carol A Carter
- Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University Stony Brook, NY, USA
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13
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Tespa1 is a novel component of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes and affects mitochondrial calcium flux. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 433:322-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.02.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Fujimoto T, Matsuzaki H, Tanaka M, Shirasawa S. Tespa1 protein is phosphorylated in response to store-operated calcium entry. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 434:162-5. [PMID: 23541577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.02.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that Tespa1 (thymocyte-expressed, positive selection-associated gene 1) protein expressed in lymphocytes physically interacts with IP3R (Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor), a Ca(2+) channel protein spanning endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. However, the biochemical characterization of Tespa1 protein remains unknown. In this study, we have found that Tespa1 protein was posttranslationally modified upon intracellular Ca(2+) increase in thymocytes. Through the analyses using various inhibitors, store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) was found to be an essential factor for the Tespa1 protein modification induced by T cell receptor (TCR)-stimulation. Remarkably, the Ca(2+)-dependent Tespa1 protein modification was restored by in vitro protein phosphatase treatment, indicating that this modification was due to phosphorylation. Moreover, we examined whether Ca(2+)-dependent phosphorylation of Tespa1 protein would affect the physical association between Tespa1 and IP3R proteins, revealing that physical association of these proteins is maintained regardless of the presence or absence of phosphorylation of Tespa1. In addition, KRAP protein which represents substantial amino acid sequence homology to Tespa1 was also posttranslationally phosphorylated by intracellular Ca(2+) increase in HCT116 human colon cancer cells and HEK293 human embryonic kidney cells, suggesting that common signaling mechanism(s) may contribute to the molecular modification of Tespa1 and KRAP in different cellular processes. All these results suggested a novel molecular modification of Tespa1 and the existence of the regulatory pathway that SOCE affects the Tespa1-IP3R molecular complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Fujimoto
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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15
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Fujimoto T, Shirasawa S. Identification of KRAP-expressing cells and the functional relevance of KRAP to the subcellular localization of IP3R in the stomach and kidney. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:1287-93. [PMID: 22992961 PMCID: PMC4042864 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS-induced actin-interacting protein (KRAP), originally identified as
one of the deregulated genes expressed in colorectal cancer, participates under
physiological conditions in the regulation of systemic energy homeostasis and of the
exocrine system. We have recently found that KRAP is a molecule associated with inositol
1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) and is critical for the proper subcellular
localization of IP3R in the liver and the pancreas. However, the expression of
KRAP and its precise function in other tissues remain elusive. In this study, we aimed to
identify the KRAP-expressing cells in mouse stomach and kidneys and to examine the
relevance of KRAP expression in the regulation of IP3R localization in these
tissues. In the stomach, double immunohistochemical staining for KRAP and IP3R
demonstrated that KRAP was expressed along with the apical regions in the mucous cells and
the chief cells, and IP3R3 was dominantly co-localized with KRAP in these
cells. Furthermore, IP3R2 was also co-localized with IP3R3 in the
chief cells. It is of note that the proper localization of IP3R3 and
IP3R2 in the chief cells and of IP3R3 in the mucous cells were
significantly abrogated in KRAP-deficient mice. In the kidneys, KRAP was
expressed in both the apical and the basal regions of the proximal tubular cells.
Intriguingly, KRAP deficiency abrogated the localization of
IP3R1 in the proximal tubular cells. Finally, co-immunoprecipitation study in
the stomachs and the kidneys validated the physical association of KRAP with
IP3Rs. These findings demonstrate that KRAP physically associates with
IP3Rs and regulates the proper localization of IP3Rs in the mucous
cells and the chief cells of the stomach and in the proximal tubular cells of the
kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Fujimoto
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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16
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Matsuzaki H, Fujimoto T, Ota T, Ogawa M, Tsunoda T, Doi K, Hamabashiri M, Tanaka M, Shirasawa S. Tespa1 is a novel inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor binding protein in T and B lymphocytes. FEBS Open Bio 2012; 2:255-9. [PMID: 23650607 PMCID: PMC3642165 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tespa1 has been recently reported to be a critical molecule in T-cell development, however, the precise molecular mechanisms of Tespa1 remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that Tespa1 shows amino-acid sequence homology to KRAS-induced actin-interacting protein (KRAP), an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) binding protein, and that Tespa1 physically associates with IP3R in T and B lymphocytes. Two-consecutive phenylalanine residues (Phe185/Phe186) in Tespa1, which are conserved between Tespa1 and KRAP, are indispensable for the association between Tespa1 and IP3R. These findings suggest that Tespa1 plays critical roles in the immune system through the regulation of the IP3R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Matsuzaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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17
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Lan P, Li W, Wen TN, Schmidt W. Quantitative phosphoproteome profiling of iron-deficient Arabidopsis roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 159:403-17. [PMID: 22438062 PMCID: PMC3375974 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.193987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential mineral nutrient for plants, but often it is not available in sufficient quantities to sustain optimal growth. To gain insights into adaptive processes to low Fe availability at the posttranslational level, we conducted a quantitative analysis of Fe deficiency-induced changes in the phosphoproteome profile of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) roots. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation-labeled phosphopeptides were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry on an LTQ-Orbitrap with collision-induced dissociation and high-energy collision dissociation capabilities. Using a combination of titanium dioxide and immobilized metal affinity chromatography to enrich phosphopeptides, we extracted 849 uniquely identified phosphopeptides corresponding to 425 proteins and identified several not previously described phosphorylation motifs. A subset of 45 phosphoproteins was defined as being significantly changed in abundance upon Fe deficiency. Kinase motifs in Fe-responsive proteins matched to protein kinase A/calcium calmodulin-dependent kinase II, casein kinase II, and proline-directed kinase, indicating a possible critical function of these kinase classes in Fe homeostasis. To validate our analysis, we conducted site-directed mutagenesis on IAA-CONJUGATE-RESISTANT4 (IAR4), a protein putatively functioning in auxin homeostasis. iar4 mutants showed compromised root hair formation and developed shorter primary roots. Changing serine-296 in IAR4 to alanine resulted in a phenotype intermediate between mutant and wild type, whereas acidic substitution to aspartate to mimic phosphorylation was either lethal or caused an extreme dwarf phenotype, supporting the critical importance of this residue in Fe homeostasis. Our analyses further disclose substantial changes in the abundance of phosphoproteins involved in primary carbohydrate metabolism upon Fe deficiency, complementing the picture derived from previous proteomic and transcriptomic profiling studies.
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Abstract
The Ca(2) (+) signals evoked by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)) are built from elementary Ca(2) (+) release events involving progressive recruitment of IP(3) receptors (IP(3)R), intracellular Ca(2) (+) channels that are expressed in almost all animal cells. The smallest events ('blips') result from opening of single IP(3)R. Larger events ('puffs') reflect the near-synchronous opening of a small cluster of IP(3)R. These puffs become more frequent as the stimulus intensity increases and they eventually trigger regenerative Ca(2) (+) waves that propagate across the cell. This hierarchical recruitment of IP(3)R is important in allowing Ca(2) (+) signals to be delivered locally to specific target proteins or more globally to the entire cell. Co-regulation of IP(3)R by Ca(2) (+) and IP(3), the ability of a single IP(3)R rapidly to mediate a large efflux of Ca(2) (+) from the endoplasmic reticulum, and the assembly of IP(3)R into clusters are key features that allow IP(3)R to propagate Ca(2) (+) signals regeneratively. We review these properties of IP(3)R and the structural basis of IP(3)R behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin W Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1PD, Cambridge, UK,
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19
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20
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Teng ACT, Al-montashiri NAM, Cheng BLM, Lou P, Ozmizrak P, Chen HH, Stewart AFR. Identification of a phosphorylation-dependent nuclear localization motif in interferon regulatory factor 2 binding protein 2. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24100. [PMID: 21887377 PMCID: PMC3162591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interferon regulatory factor 2 binding protein 2 (IRF2BP2) is a muscle-enriched transcription factor required to activate vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) expression in muscle. IRF2BP2 is found in the nucleus of cardiac and skeletal muscle cells. During the process of skeletal muscle differentiation, some IRF2BP2 becomes relocated to the cytoplasm, although the functional significance of this relocation and the mechanisms that control nucleocytoplasmic localization of IRF2BP2 are not yet known. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, by fusing IRF2BP2 to green fluorescent protein and testing a series of deletion and site-directed mutagenesis constructs, we mapped the nuclear localization signal (NLS) to an evolutionarily conserved sequence 354ARKRKPSP361 in IRF2BP2. This sequence corresponds to a classical nuclear localization motif bearing positively charged arginine and lysine residues. Substitution of arginine and lysine with negatively charged aspartic acid residues blocked nuclear localization. However, these residues were not sufficient because nuclear targeting of IRF2BP2 also required phosphorylation of serine 360 (S360). Many large-scale phosphopeptide proteomic studies had reported previously that serine 360 of IRF2BP2 is phosphorylated in numerous human cell types. Alanine substitution at this site abolished IRF2BP2 nuclear localization in C2C12 myoblasts and CV1 cells. In contrast, substituting serine 360 with aspartic acid forced nuclear retention and prevented cytoplasmic redistribution in differentiated C2C12 muscle cells. As for the effects of these mutations on VEGFA promoter activity, the S360A mutation interfered with VEGFA activation, as expected. Surprisingly, the S360D mutation also interfered with VEGFA activation, suggesting that this mutation, while enforcing nuclear entry, may disrupt an essential activation function of IRF2BP2. Conclusions/Significance Nuclear localization of IRF2BP2 depends on phosphorylation near a conserved NLS. Changes in phosphorylation status likely control nucleocytoplasmic localization of IRF2BP2 during muscle differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen C. T. Teng
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naif A. M. Al-montashiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian L. M. Cheng
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip Lou
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pinar Ozmizrak
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hsiao-Huei Chen
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandre F. R. Stewart
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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21
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Harr MW, McColl KS, Zhong F, Molitoris JK, Distelhorst CW. Glucocorticoids downregulate Fyn and inhibit IP(3)-mediated calcium signaling to promote autophagy in T lymphocytes. Autophagy 2010; 6:912-21. [PMID: 20814235 DOI: 10.4161/auto.6.7.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell receptor activation induces inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate (IP(3))-mediated calcium signaling that is essential for cell metabolism and survival. Moreover, inhibitors of IP(3) or pharmacological agents that disrupt calcium homeostasis readily induce autophagy. Using a glucocorticoid-sensitive CD4/CD8 positive T cell line, we found that dexamethasone prevented both IP(3)-mediated and spontaneous calcium signals within a timeframe that correlated with the induction of autophagy. We determined that this loss in IP(3)-mediated calcium signaling was dependent upon the downregulation of the Src kinase Fyn at the mRNA and protein level. Because it has previously been shown that Fyn positively regulates IP(3)-mediated calcium release by phosphorylating Type I IP(3) receptors (IP(3)R1), we investigated the effect of glucocorticoids on IP(3)R1 phosphorylation at Tyr353. Accordingly, glucocorticoid-mediated downregulation of Fyn prevented IP(3)R1 phosphorylation at Tyr353. Moreover, selective knockdown of Fyn or treatment with a Src inhibitor also attenuated IP(3)-mediated calcium release and induced autophagy. Collectively, these data indicate that glucocorticoids promote autophagy by inhibiting IP(3)-dependent calcium signals. These findings carry important therapeutic implications given the widespread use of dexamethasone as both a chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Harr
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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22
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Kwon J, Shatynski KE, Chen H, Morand S, de Deken X, Miot F, Leto TL, Williams MS. The nonphagocytic NADPH oxidase Duox1 mediates a positive feedback loop during T cell receptor signaling. Sci Signal 2010; 3:ra59. [PMID: 20682913 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Production of reactive oxygen species, often by NADPH (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidases, plays a role in the signaling responses of cells to many receptor stimuli. Here, we describe the function of the calcium-dependent, nonphagocytic NADPH oxidase Duox1 in primary human CD4(+) T cells and cultured T cell lines. Duox1 bound to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 and was required for early T cell receptor (TCR)-stimulated production of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) through a pathway that was dependent on TCR-proximal kinases. Transient or stable knockdown of Duox1 inhibited TCR signaling, especially phosphorylation of tyrosine-319 of zeta chain-associated protein kinase of 70 kilodaltons (ZAP-70), store-operated entry of calcium ions (Ca(2+)), and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase. The production of cytokines was also inhibited by knockdown of Duox1. Duox1-mediated inactivation of Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 promoted the phosphorylation of ZAP-70 and its association with the Src family tyrosine kinase Lck and the CD3zeta chain of the TCR complex. Thus, we suggest that activation of Duox1, downstream of proximal TCR signals, generates H(2)O(2) that acts in a positive feedback loop to enhance and sustain further TCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyul Kwon
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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23
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Betzenhauser MJ, Yule DI. Regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors by phosphorylation and adenine nucleotides. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2010; 66:273-98. [PMID: 22353484 DOI: 10.1016/s1063-5823(10)66012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Betzenhauser
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical School, New York City, New York, USA
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24
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Robinson LJ, Blair HC, Barnett JB, Zaidi M, Huang CLH. Regulation of bone turnover by calcium-regulated calcium channels. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1192:351-7. [PMID: 20392259 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05219.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcium plays multiple roles in osteoclast formation, survival, and activity. Intracellular calcium is determined both by the release of intracellular stores and the influx of extracellular calcium through a variety of calcium channels. Osteoclasts express several classes of calcium channels, including ryanodine receptors (RyRs), inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP(3)Rs), and calcium release-activated calcium channels (CRACs), which respond to depletion of intracellular stores. IP(3)R2 is expressed in osteoclast precursors and activated by cytokines that stimulate osteoclast differentiation. In mature osteoclasts, the IP(3)R1 isoform is highly expressed and is implicated in nitric oxide-cGMP-stimulated processes. RyR calcium channels may contribute to the release of intracellular calcium stores, while RyR2 in the plasma membrane may act to limit osteoclast activity based on extracellular calcium concentration. Orai, through regulation by endoplasmic reticular store-sensing proteins, including Stim-1, may also mediate calcium influx and act as a signal amplifier for calcium release by other calcium channels. Together, these receptors allow intracellular Ca(2+) signals to modulate bone turnover and, through calcium-sensing functions, allow coupling of osteoclast activity to extracellular conditions and integrating additional cytokine and nitric oxide signals via transient intracellular calcium signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Robinson
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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25
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Taylor CW, Rahman T, Tovey SC, Dedos SG, Taylor EJA, Velamakanni S. IP3 receptors: some lessons from DT40 cells. Immunol Rev 2009; 231:23-44. [PMID: 19754888 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2009.00807.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) are intracellular Ca2+ channels that are regulated by IP3 and Ca2+ and are modulated by many additional signals. These properties allow them to initiate and, via Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release, regeneratively propagate Ca2+ signals evoked by receptors that stimulate formation of IP3. The ubiquitous expression of IP3R highlights their importance, but it also presents problems when attempting to resolve the behavior of defined IP3R. DT40 cells are a pre-B-lymphocyte cell line in which high rates of homologous recombination afford unrivalled opportunities to disrupt endogenous genes. DT40-knockout cells with both alleles of each of the three IP3R genes disrupted provide the only null-background for analysis of homogenous recombinant IP3R. We review the properties of DT40 cells and consider three areas where they have contributed to understanding IP3R behavior. Patch-clamp recording from the nuclear envelope and Ca2+ release from intracellular stores loaded with a low-affinity Ca2+ indicator address the mechanisms leading to activation of IP(3)R. We show that IP3 causes intracellular IP3R to cluster and re-tune their responses to IP3 and Ca2+, better equipping them to mediate regenerative Ca2+ signals. Finally, we show that DT40 cells reliably count very few IP3R into the plasma membrane, where they mediate about half the Ca2+ entry evoked by the B-cell antigen receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin W Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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26
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Frizzell KM, Gamble MJ, Berrocal JG, Zhang T, Krishnakumar R, Cen Y, Sauve AA, Kraus WL. Global analysis of transcriptional regulation by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 and poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:33926-38. [PMID: 19812418 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.023879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) are enzymes that modify target proteins by the addition and removal, respectively, of ADP-ribose polymers. Although a role for PARP-1 in gene regulation has been well established, the role of PARG is less clear. To investigate how PARP-1 and PARG coordinately regulate global patterns of gene expression, we used short hairpin RNAs to stably knock down PARP-1 or PARG in MCF-7 cells followed by expression microarray analyses. Correlation analyses showed that the majority of genes affected by the knockdown of one factor were similarly affected by the knockdown of the other factor. The most robustly regulated common genes were enriched for stress-response and metabolic functions. In chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, PARP-1 and PARG localized to the promoters of positively and negatively regulated target genes. The levels of chromatin-bound PARG at a given promoter generally correlated with the levels of PARP-1 across the subset of promoters tested. For about half of the genes tested, the binding of PARP-1 at the promoter was dependent on the binding of PARG. Experiments using stable re-expression of short hairpin RNA-resistant catalytic mutants showed that PARP-1 and PARG enzymatic activities are required for some, but not all, target genes. Collectively, our results indicate that PARP-1 and PARG, nuclear enzymes with opposing enzymatic activities, localize to target promoters and act in a similar, rather than antagonistic, manner to regulate gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine M Frizzell
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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27
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Harr MW, Rong Y, Bootman MD, Roderick HL, Distelhorst CW. Glucocorticoid-mediated inhibition of Lck modulates the pattern of T cell receptor-induced calcium signals by down-regulating inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:31860-71. [PMID: 19776014 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.005579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are potent immunosuppressive agents that block upstream signaling events required for T cell receptor (TCR) activation. However, the mechanism by which glucocorticoids inhibit downstream responses, such as inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3))-induced calcium signals, is not completely understood. Here we demonstrate that low concentrations of dexamethasone rapidly convert transient calcium elevations to oscillations after strong TCR stimulation. Dexamethasone converted the pattern of calcium signaling by inhibiting the Src family kinase Lck, which was shown to interact with and positively regulate Type I IP(3) receptor. In addition, low concentrations of dexamethasone were sufficient to inhibit calcium oscillations and interleukin-2 mRNA after weak TCR stimulation. Together, these findings indicate that by inhibiting Lck and subsequently down-regulating IP(3) receptors, glucocorticoids suppress immune responses by weakening the strength of the TCR signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Harr
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatsugu Oh-hora
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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29
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Abstract
Calcium signals are essential for diverse cellular functions in the immune system. Sustained Ca(2+) entry is necessary for complete and long-lasting activation of calcineurin/NFAT pathways. A growing number of studies have emphasized that Ca(2+)/calcineurin/NFAT pathway is crucial for both development and function of regulatory T cells.
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30
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Nagaleekar VK, Diehl SA, Juncadella I, Charland C, Muthusamy N, Eaton S, Haynes L, Garrett-Sinha LA, Anguita J, Rincón M. IP3 receptor-mediated Ca2+ release in naive CD4 T cells dictates their cytokine program. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 181:8315-22. [PMID: 19050248 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.12.8315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IP(3) (inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate) receptors (IP(3)Rs) regulate the release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores in response to IP(3). Little is known about regulation of the expression of IP(3)Rs and their role during the activation of CD4 T cells. In this study we show that mouse naive CD4 T cells express IP(3)R1, IP(3)R2, and IP(3)R3, but that gene expression of IP(3)R3 primarily is down-regulated upon activation due to loss of the Ets-1 transcription factor. Down-regulation of IP(3)R expression in activated CD4 T cells is associated with the failure of TCR ligation to trigger Ca(2+) release in these cells. We also show that down-regulation of specific IP(3)Rs in activated CD4 T cells correlates with the requirement of IP(3)R-mediated Ca(2+) release only for the induction of, but not for the maintenance of, IL-2 and IFN-gamma expression. Interestingly, while inhibition of IP(3)R function early during activation blocks IL-2 and IFN-gamma production, it promotes the production of IL-17 by CD4 T cells. Thus, IP(3)Rs play a key role in the activation and differentiation of CD4 T cells. The immunosuppressive effect of pharmacological blockers of these receptors may be complicated by promoting the development of inflammatory CD4 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswas K Nagaleekar
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Vanderheyden V, Devogelaere B, Missiaen L, De Smedt H, Bultynck G, Parys JB. Regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced Ca2+ release by reversible phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2008; 1793:959-70. [PMID: 19133301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Revised: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor (IP3R) is a universal intracellular Ca2+-release channel. It is activated after cell stimulation and plays a crucial role in the initiation and propagation of the complex spatio-temporal Ca2+ signals that control cellular processes as different as fertilization, cell division, cell migration, differentiation, metabolism, muscle contraction, secretion, neuronal processing, and ultimately cell death. To achieve these various functions, often in a single cell, exquisite control of the Ca2+ release is needed. This review aims to highlight how protein kinases and protein phosphatases can interact with the IP3R or with associated proteins and so provide a large potential for fine tuning the Ca2+-release activity and for creating efficient Ca2+ signals in subcellular microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Vanderheyden
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signalling, Department Molecular and Cellular Biology, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N1-K. U. Leuven, Herestraat 49-Bus 802, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Oh-hora M, Rao A. Calcium signaling in lymphocytes. Curr Opin Immunol 2008; 20:250-8. [PMID: 18515054 PMCID: PMC2574011 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Revised: 03/24/2008] [Accepted: 04/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In cells of the immune system, calcium signals are essential for diverse cellular functions including differentiation, effector function, and gene transcription. After the engagement of immunoreceptors such as T-cell and B-cell antigen receptors and the Fc receptors on mast cells and NK cells, the intracellular concentration of calcium ions is increased through the sequential operation of two interdependent processes: depletion of endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) stores as a result of binding of inositol trisphosphate (IP(3)) to IP(3) receptors, followed by 'store-operated' Ca(2+) entry through plasma membrane Ca(2+) channels. In lymphocytes, mast cells and other immune cell types, store-operated Ca(2+) entry through specialized Ca(2+) release-activated calcium (CRAC) channels constitutes the major pathway of intracellular Ca(2+) increase. A recent breakthrough in our understanding of CRAC channel function is the identification of stromal interaction molecule (STIM) and ORAI, two essential regulators of CRAC channel function. This review focuses on the signaling pathways upstream and downstream of Ca(2+) influx (the STIM/ORAI and calcineurin/NFAT pathways, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatsugu Oh-hora
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Immune Disease Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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deSouza N, Cui J, Dura M, McDonald TV, Marks AR. A function for tyrosine phosphorylation of type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor in lymphocyte activation. J Exp Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1084/jem20413oia30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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