1
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Lång E, Lång A, Blicher P, Rognes T, Dommersnes PG, Bøe SO. Topology-guided polar ordering of collective cell migration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk4825. [PMID: 38630812 PMCID: PMC11023523 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk4825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The ability of epithelial monolayers to self-organize into a dynamic polarized state, where cells migrate in a uniform direction, is essential for tissue regeneration, development, and tumor progression. However, the mechanisms governing long-range polar ordering of motility direction in biological tissues remain unclear. Here, we investigate the self-organizing behavior of quiescent epithelial monolayers that transit to a dynamic state with long-range polar order upon growth factor exposure. We demonstrate that the heightened self-propelled activity of monolayer cells leads to formation of vortex-antivortex pairs that undergo sequential annihilation, ultimately driving the spread of long-range polar order throughout the system. A computational model, which treats the monolayer as an active elastic solid, accurately replicates this behavior, and weakening of cell-to-cell interactions impedes vortex-antivortex annihilation and polar ordering. Our findings uncover a mechanism in epithelia, where elastic solid material characteristics, activated self-propulsion, and topology-mediated guidance converge to fuel a highly efficient polar self-ordering activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Lång
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Lång
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pernille Blicher
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Rognes
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Paul Gunnar Dommersnes
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stig Ove Bøe
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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2
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Human Basal and Suprabasal Keratinocytes Are Both Able to Generate and Maintain Dermo-Epidermal Skin Substitutes in Long-Term In Vivo Experiments. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142156. [PMID: 35883599 PMCID: PMC9319791 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The basal layer of human interfollicular epidermis has been described to harbour both quiescent keratinocyte stem cells and a transit amplifying cell population that maintains the suprabasal epidermal layers. We performed immunofluorescence analyses and revealed that the main proliferative keratinocyte pool in vivo resides suprabasally. We isolated from the human epidermis two distinct cell populations, the basal and the suprabasal keratinocytes, according to the expression of integrin β4 (iβ4). We compared basal iβ4+ or suprabasal iβ4- keratinocytes with respect to their proliferation and colony-forming ability and their Raman spectral properties. In addition, we generated dermo-epidermal substitutes using freshly isolated and sorted basal iβ4+ or suprabasal iβ4- keratinocytes and transplanted them on immuno-compromised rats. We show that suprabasal iβ4- keratinocytes acquire a similar proliferative capacity as basal iβ4+ keratinocytes after two weeks of culture in vitro, with expression of high levels of iβ4 and downregulation of K10 expression. In addition, both basal iβ4+ and suprabasal iβ4- keratinocytes acquire authentic self-renewing properties during the in vitro 3D-culture phase and are able to generate and maintain a fully stratified epidermis for 16 weeks in vivo. Therefore, against the leading dogma, we propose that human suprabasal keratinocytes can retro-differentiate into true basal stem cells in a wound situation and/or when in contact with the basement membrane.
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3
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Nanba D, Toki F, Asakawa K, Matsumura H, Shiraishi K, Sayama K, Matsuzaki K, Toki H, Nishimura EK. EGFR-mediated epidermal stem cell motility drives skin regeneration through COL17A1 proteolysis. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e202012073. [PMID: 34550317 PMCID: PMC8563287 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202012073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin regenerative capacity declines with age, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here we demonstrate a functional link between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and type XVII collagen (COL17A1) proteolysis on age-associated alteration of keratinocyte stem cell dynamics in skin regeneration. Live-imaging and computer simulation experiments predicted that human keratinocyte stem cell motility is coupled with self-renewal and epidermal regeneration. Receptor tyrosine kinase array identified the age-associated decline of EGFR signaling in mouse skin wound healing. Culture experiments proved that EGFR activation drives human keratinocyte stem cell motility with increase of COL17A1 by inhibiting its proteolysis through the secretion of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1). Intriguingly, COL17A1 directly regulated keratinocyte stem cell motility and collective cell migration by coordinating actin and keratin filament networks. We conclude that EGFR-COL17A1 axis-mediated keratinocyte stem cell motility drives epidermal regeneration, which provides a novel therapeutic approach for age-associated impaired skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nanba
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fujio Toki
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Asakawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsumura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Shiraishi
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Koji Sayama
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Matsuzaki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, Narita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Toki
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emi K. Nishimura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Aging and Regeneration, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Labusca L, Herea DD, Minuti AE, Stavila C, Danceanu C, Grigoras M, Ababei G, Chiriac H, Lupu N. Magnetic nanoparticle loaded human adipose derived mesenchymal cells spheroids in levitated culture. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 109:630-642. [PMID: 32940420 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) are intensely scrutinized for biomedical applications due to their excellent biocompatibility and adjustable magnetic field (MF) responsiveness. Three-dimensional spheroid culture of ADSC improves stem cell proliferation and differentiation, increasing their potential for clinical applications. In this study we aimed to detect if MF levitated culture of ADSC loaded with proprietary MNP maintain the properties of ADSC and improve their performances. Levitated ADSC-MNP formed aggregates with increased volume and reduced number compared to nonlevitated ones. ADSC-MNP from levitated spheroid displayed higher viability, proliferation and mobility compared to nonlevitated and 2D culture. Levitated and nonlevitated ADSC-MNP spheroids underwent three lineage differentiation, demonstrating preserved ADSC stemness. Quantitative osteogenesis showed similar values in MNP-loaded levitated and nonlevitated spheroids. Significant increases in adipogenic conversion was observed for all 3D formulation. Chondrogenic conversion in levitated and nonlevitated spheroids produced comparable ratio glucosaminoglycan (GAG)/DNA. Increased chondrogenesis could be observed for ADSC-MNP in both levitated and nonlevitated condition. Taken together, ADSC-MNP levitated spheroids retain stemness and display superior cell viability and migratory capabilities. Furthermore, the method consistently increases spheroid maneuverability, potentially facilitating large scale manufacturing and automation. Levitated spheroid culture of ADSC-MNP can be further tested for various application in regenerative medicine and organ modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luminita Labusca
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, Iasi, Romania
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic, Emergency County Hospital Saint Spiridon, Iasi, Romania
| | - Dumitru Daniel Herea
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Emanuela Minuti
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, Iasi, Romania
- Faculty of Physics, University Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Stavila
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, Iasi, Romania
- Faculty of Physics, University Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Iasi, Romania
| | - Camelia Danceanu
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, Iasi, Romania
- Faculty of Physics, University Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Iasi, Romania
| | - Marian Grigoras
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriel Ababei
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, Iasi, Romania
| | - Horia Chiriac
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, Iasi, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Lupu
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, Iasi, Romania
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5
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Hirose T, Kotoku J, Toki F, Nishimura EK, Nanba D. Label-free quality control and identification of human keratinocyte stem cells by deep learning-based automated cell tracking. Stem Cells 2021; 39:1091-1100. [PMID: 33783921 PMCID: PMC8359832 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based products have clinical and industrial applications. Thus, there is a need to develop quality control methods to standardize stem cell manufacturing. Here, we report a deep learning-based automated cell tracking (DeepACT) technology for noninvasive quality control and identification of cultured human stem cells. The combination of deep learning-based cascading cell detection and Kalman filter algorithm-based tracking successfully tracked the individual cells within the densely packed human epidermal keratinocyte colonies in the phase-contrast images of the culture. DeepACT rapidly analyzed the motion of individual keratinocytes, which enabled the quantitative evaluation of keratinocyte dynamics in response to changes in culture conditions. Furthermore, DeepACT can distinguish keratinocyte stem cell colonies from non-stem cell-derived colonies by analyzing the spatial and velocity information of cells. This system can be widely applied to stem cell cultures used in regenerative medicine and provides a platform for developing reliable and noninvasive quality control technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Hirose
- Graduate School of Medical Care and Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun'ichi Kotoku
- Graduate School of Medical Care and Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fujio Toki
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi K Nishimura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Aging and Regeneration, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nanba
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Spatio-temporal regulation of gene expression defines subpopulations of epidermal stem cells. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:2839-2850. [PMID: 33170265 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The search for epidermal stem cells has gained the momentum as they possess unique biological characteristics and a potential in regeneration therapies. Several transcription factors and miRNAs have been identified as epidermal stem cell markers. However, the separation of epidermal stem cells from their progeny remains challenging. The introduction of single-cell transcriptomics pointed to the high degree of heterogeneity in epidermal stem cells imbedded within subpopulations of keratinocytes. Pseudotime inference, RNA velocity, and cellular entropy further enhanced our knowledge of stem cells, allowing for the discovery of the epidermal stem cell plasticity. We explore the main findings that lead to the discovery of the plastic trait within the epidermal stem cells and the implications of cell plasticity in regenerative medicine.
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7
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Morgun EI, Vorotelyak EA. Epidermal Stem Cells in Hair Follicle Cycling and Skin Regeneration: A View From the Perspective of Inflammation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:581697. [PMID: 33240882 PMCID: PMC7680886 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.581697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many studies devoted to the role of hair follicle stem cells in wound healing as well as in follicle self-restoration. At the same time, the influence of the inflammatory cells on the hair follicle cycling in both injured and intact skin is well established. Immune cells of all wound healing stages, including macrophages, γδT cells, and T regs, may activate epidermal stem cells to provide re-epithelization and wound-induced hair follicle neogenesis. In addition to the ability of epidermal cells to maintain epidermal morphogenesis through differentiation program, they can undergo de-differentiation and acquire stem features under the influence of inflammatory milieu. Simultaneously, a stem cell compartment may undergo re-programming to adopt another fate. The proportion of skin resident immune cells and wound-attracted inflammatory cells (e.g., neutrophils and macrophages) in wound-induced hair follicle anagen and plucking-induced anagen is still under discussion to date. Experimental data suggesting the role of reactive oxygen species and prostaglandins, which are uncharacteristic of the intact skin, in the hair follicle cycling indicates the role of neutrophils in injury-induced conditions. In this review, we discuss some of the hair follicles stem cell activities, such as wound-induced hair follicle neogenesis, hair follicle cycling, and re-epithelization, through the prism of inflammation. The plasticity of epidermal stem cells under the influence of inflammatory microenvironment is considered. The relationship between inflammation, scarring, and follicle neogenesis as an indicator of complete wound healing is also highlighted. Taking into consideration the available data, we also conclude that there may exist a presumptive interlink between the stem cell activation, inflammation and the components of programmed cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena I. Morgun
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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8
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Baba K, Sasaki K, Morita M, Tanaka T, Teranishi Y, Ogasawara T, Oie Y, Kusumi I, Inoie M, Hata KI, Quantock AJ, Kino-Oka M, Nishida K. Cell jamming, stratification and p63 expression in cultivated human corneal epithelial cell sheets. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9282. [PMID: 32518325 PMCID: PMC7283219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal limbal epithelial stem cell transplantation using cultivated human corneal epithelial cell sheets has been used successfully to treat limbal stem cell deficiencies. Here we report an investigation into the quality of cultivated human corneal epithelial cell sheets using time-lapse imaging of the cell culture process every 20 minutes over 14 days to ascertain the level of cell jamming, a phenomenon in which cells become smaller, more rounded and less actively expansive. In parallel, we also assessed the expression of p63, an important corneal epithelial stem cell marker. The occurrence of cell jamming was variable and transient, but was invariably associated with a thickening and stratification of the cell sheet. p63 was present in all expanding cell sheets in the first 9 days of culture, but it's presence did not always correlate with stratification of the cell sheet. Nor did p63 expression necessarily persist in stratified cell sheets. An assessment of cell jamming, therefore, can shed significant light on the quality and regenerative potential of cultivated human corneal epithelial cell sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Baba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kei Sasaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mio Morita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Tanaka
- Japan Tissue Engineering Co., Ltd, 6-209-1 Miyakitadori, Gamagori, Aichi, 443-0022, Japan
| | - Yosuke Teranishi
- Japan Tissue Engineering Co., Ltd, 6-209-1 Miyakitadori, Gamagori, Aichi, 443-0022, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ogasawara
- Japan Tissue Engineering Co., Ltd, 6-209-1 Miyakitadori, Gamagori, Aichi, 443-0022, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Oie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Izumi Kusumi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masukazu Inoie
- Japan Tissue Engineering Co., Ltd, 6-209-1 Miyakitadori, Gamagori, Aichi, 443-0022, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Hata
- Japan Tissue Engineering Co., Ltd, 6-209-1 Miyakitadori, Gamagori, Aichi, 443-0022, Japan
| | - Andrew J Quantock
- Structural Biophysics Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, Wales, CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Masahiro Kino-Oka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kohji Nishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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9
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Toki F, Nanba D, Nishimura EK, Matsuzaki K. Evaluation of the proliferative potential of skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts isolated from critical limb ischemia patients. Regen Ther 2020; 14:222-226. [PMID: 32435674 PMCID: PMC7229408 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired wound healing in critical limb ischemia (CLI) results from multiple factors that affect many cell types and their behavior. Epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts play crucial roles in wound healing. However, it remains unclear whether these cell types irreversibly convert into a non-proliferative phenotype and are involved in impaired wound healing in CLI. Here, we demonstrate that skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts isolated from CLI patients maintain their proliferative potentials. Epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts were isolated from the surrounding skin of foot wounds in CLI patients with diabetic nephropathy on hemodialysis, and their growth potentials were evaluated. It was found that keratinocytes from lower limbs and trunk of patients can give rise to proliferative growing colonies and can be serially passaged. Fibroblasts can also form colonies with a proliferative phenotype. These results indicate that skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts maintain their proliferative capacity even in diabetic and ischemic microenvironments and can be reactivated under appropriate conditions. This study provides strong evidence that the improvement of the cellular microenvironments is a promising therapeutic approach for CLI and these cells can also be used for potential sources of skin reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujio Toki
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nanba
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Emi K. Nishimura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Matsuzaki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, 4-3, Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan
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10
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Muller G, Bonzon D, Claudinot S, Rochat A, Renaud P, Barrandon Y. Traceable Impedance-Based Dispensing and Cloning of Living Single Cells. SLAS Technol 2020; 25:215-221. [PMID: 32070196 DOI: 10.1177/2472630320905574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell cloning is essential in stem cell biology, cancer research, and biotechnology. Regulatory agencies now require an indisputable proof of clonality that current technologies do not readily provide. Here, we report a one-step cloning method using an engineered pipet combined with an impedance-based sensing tip. This technology permits the efficient and traceable isolation of living cells, stem cells, and cancer stem cells that can be individually expanded in culture and transplanted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Muller
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Experimental Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,SEED Biosciences SA, Renens, Switzerland
| | - David Bonzon
- SEED Biosciences SA, Renens, Switzerland.,Microsystems Laboratory 4, Institute of Microengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Claudinot
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Experimental Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ariane Rochat
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Experimental Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Renaud
- Microsystems Laboratory 4, Institute of Microengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yann Barrandon
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Experimental Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.,Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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11
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Kinoshita K, Munesue T, Toki F, Isshiki M, Higashiyama S, Barrandon Y, Nishimura EK, Yanagihara Y, Nanba D. Automated collective motion analysis validates human keratinocyte stem cell cultures. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18725. [PMID: 31822757 PMCID: PMC6904747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification and quality assurance of stem cells cultured in heterogeneous cell populations are indispensable for successful stem cell therapy. Here we present an image-processing pipeline for automated identification and quality assessment of human keratinocyte stem cells. When cultivated under appropriate conditions, human epidermal keratinocyte stem cells give rise to colonies and exhibit higher locomotive capacity as well as significant proliferative potential. Image processing and kernel density estimation were used to automatically extract the area of keratinocyte colonies from phase-contrast images of cultures containing feeder cells. The DeepFlow algorithm was then used to calculate locomotion speed of the colony area by analyzing serial images. This image-processing pipeline successfully identified keratinocyte stem cell colonies by measuring cell locomotion speed, and also assessed the effect of oligotrophic culture conditions and chemical inhibitors on keratinocyte behavior. Therefore, this study provides automated procedures for image-based quality control of stem cell cultures and high-throughput screening of small molecules targeting stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan.
| | - Takuya Munesue
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Fujio Toki
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Masaharu Isshiki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Shigeki Higashiyama
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Shitsukawa, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yann Barrandon
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, and Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Emi K Nishimura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yanagihara
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nanba
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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12
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In Vitro Expansion of Keratinocytes on Human Dermal Fibroblast-Derived Matrix Retains Their Stem-Like Characteristics. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18561. [PMID: 31811191 PMCID: PMC6897920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-term expansion of keratinocytes under conditions that avoid xenogeneic components (i.e. animal serum- and feeder cell-free) generally causes diminished proliferation and increased terminal differentiation. Here we present a culture system free of xenogeneic components that retains the self-renewal capacity of primary human keratinocytes. In vivo the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the tissue microenvironment has a major influence on a cell’s fate. We used ECM from human dermal fibroblasts, cultured under macromolecular crowding conditions to facilitate matrix deposition and organisation, in a xenogeneic-free keratinocyte expansion protocol. Phospholipase A2 decellularisation produced ECM whose components resembled the core matrix composition of natural dermis by proteome analyses. Keratinocytes proliferated rapidly on these matrices, retained their small size, expressed p63, lacked keratin 10 and rarely expressed keratin 16. The colony forming efficiency of these keratinocytes was enhanced over that of keratinocytes grown on collagen I, indicating that dermal fibroblast-derived matrices maintain the in vitro expansion of keratinocytes in a stem-like state. Keratinocyte sheets formed on such matrices were multi-layered with superior strength and stability compared to the single-layered sheets formed on collagen I. Thus, keratinocytes expanded using our xenogeneic-free protocol retained a stem-like state, but when triggered by confluence and calcium concentration, they stratified to produce epidermal sheets with a potential clinical use.
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13
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Yap L, Tay HG, Nguyen MT, Tjin MS, Tryggvason K. Laminins in Cellular Differentiation. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:987-1000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Nanba D. Human keratinocyte stem cells: From cell biology to cell therapy. J Dermatol Sci 2019; 96:66-72. [PMID: 31669183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Human keratinocyte cultures contain keratinocyte stem cells, and have been involved in significant progress regarding stem cell biology as well as keratinocyte biology. Such cultures have also been applied in cell therapy for extensive severe burns for more than three decades, and in genetic disorders of the skin recently. Human keratinocyte stem cells were firstly characterized as holoclones by ex post clonal analysis, but in situ identification of keratinocyte stem cells is required for clinical applications. Recently, it was demonstrated that human keratinocyte stem cells display a unique rotational motion at early stages of culture, with subsequent dynamic collective motion at later stages. This finding enables image-based identification of keratinocyte stem cells, and noninvasive evaluation of their proliferative capacity, which can be applied for the quality assurance of human keratinocyte cultures. This review summarizes the historical development of human keratinocyte cultures and its applications for cell biology and cell therapy. This article also introduces recent advances in keratinocyte stem cell research with medical relevance and discusses the next-generation of regenerative medicine using human keratinocyte stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nanba
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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15
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Hoshikawa E, Sato T, Kimori Y, Suzuki A, Haga K, Kato H, Tabeta K, Nanba D, Izumi K. Noninvasive measurement of cell/colony motion using image analysis methods to evaluate the proliferative capacity of oral keratinocytes as a tool for quality control in regenerative medicine. J Tissue Eng 2019; 10:2041731419881528. [PMID: 31662840 PMCID: PMC6794654 DOI: 10.1177/2041731419881528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Image-based cell/colony analyses offer promising solutions to compensate for the
lack of quality control (QC) tools for noninvasive monitoring of cultured cells,
a regulatory challenge in regenerative medicine. Here, the feasibility of two
image analysis algorithms, optical flow and normalised cross-correlation, to
noninvasively measure cell/colony motion in human primary oral keratinocytes for
screening the proliferative capacity of cells in the early phases of cell
culture were examined. We applied our software to movies converted from 96
consecutive time-lapse phase-contrast images of an oral keratinocyte culture.
After segmenting the growing colonies, two indices were calculated based on each
algorithm. The correlation between each index of the colonies and their
proliferative capacity was evaluated. The software was able to assess
cell/colony motion noninvasively, and each index reflected the observed cell
kinetics. A positive linear correlation was found between cell/colony motion and
proliferative capacity, indicating that both algorithms are potential tools for
QC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Hoshikawa
- Division of Biomimetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Taisuke Sato
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Institute for Research Promotion, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kimori
- Department of Management and Information Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Information Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui, Japan
| | - Ayako Suzuki
- Division of Biomimetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kenta Haga
- Division of Biomimetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kato
- Division of Biomimetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Koichi Tabeta
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nanba
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Izumi
- Division of Biomimetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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IRF2 is a master regulator of human keratinocyte stem cell fate. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4676. [PMID: 31611556 PMCID: PMC6791852 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12559-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Resident adult epithelial stem cells maintain tissue homeostasis by balancing self-renewal and differentiation. The stem cell potential of human epidermal keratinocytes is retained in vitro but lost over time suggesting extrinsic and intrinsic regulation. Transcription factor-controlled regulatory circuitries govern cell identity, are sufficient to induce pluripotency and transdifferentiate cells. We investigate whether transcriptional circuitry also governs phenotypic changes within a given cell type by comparing human primary keratinocytes with intrinsically high versus low stem cell potential. Using integrated chromatin and transcriptional profiling, we implicate IRF2 as antagonistic to stemness and show that it binds and regulates active cis-regulatory elements at interferon response and antigen presentation genes. CRISPR-KD of IRF2 in keratinocytes with low stem cell potential increases self-renewal, migration and epidermis formation. These data demonstrate that transcription factor regulatory circuitries, in addition to maintaining cell identity, control plasticity within cell types and offer potential for therapeutic modulation of cell function. Epidermal homeostasis requires long term stem cell function. Here, the authors apply transcriptional circuitry analysis based on integrated epigenomic profiling of primary human keratinocytes with high and low stem cell function to identify IRF2 as a negative regulator of stemness.
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17
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Chikina AS, Rubtsova SN, Lomakina ME, Potashnikova DM, Vorobjev IA, Alexandrova AY. Transition from mesenchymal to bleb-based motility is predominantly exhibited by CD133-positive subpopulation of fibrosarcoma cells. Biol Cell 2019; 111:245-261. [PMID: 31403697 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201800078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Metastatic disease is caused by the ability of cancer cells to reach distant organs and form secondary lesions at new locations. Dissemination of cancer cells depends on their migration plasticity - an ability to switch between motility modes driven by distinct molecular machineries. One of such switches is mesenchymal-to-amoeboid transition. Although mesenchymal migration of individual cells requires Arp2/3-dependent actin polymerisation, amoeboid migration is characterised by a high level of actomyosin contractility and often involves the formation of membrane blebs. The acquisition of amoeboid motility by mesenchymal cells is often associated with enhanced metastasis. RESULTS We studied the ability of mesenchymal HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells to switch to amoeboid motility. We induced the transition from lamellipodium-rich to blebbing phenotype either by down-regulating the Arp2/3 complex, pharmacologically or by RNAi, or by decreasing substrate adhesiveness. Each of these treatments induced blebbing in a subset of fibrosarcoma cells, but not in normal subcutaneous fibroblasts. A significant fraction of HT1080 cells that switched to blebbing behaviour exhibited stem cell-like features, such as expression of the stem cell marker CD133, an increased efflux of Hoechst-33342 and positive staining for Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog. Furthermore, the isolated CD133+ cells demonstrated an increased ability to switch to bleb-rich amoeboid phenotype both under inhibitor's treatment and in 3D collagen gels. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data show a significant correlation between the increased ability of cells to switch between migration modes and their stem-like features, suggesting that migration plasticity is an additional property of stem-like population of fibrosarcoma cells. This combination of features could facilitate both dissemination of these cells to distant locations, and their establishment self-renewal in a new microenvironment, as required for metastasis formation. SIGNIFICANCE These data suggest that migration plasticity is a new feature of cancer stem-like cells that can significantly facilitate their dissemination to a secondary location by allowing them to adapt quickly to challenging microenvironments. Moreover, it complements their resistance to apoptosis and self-renewal potential, thus enabling them not only to disseminate efficiently, but also to survive and colonise new niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra S Chikina
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Svetlana N Rubtsova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Maria E Lomakina
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Daria M Potashnikova
- Department of Biology and A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Ivan A Vorobjev
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
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18
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Liu N, Matsumura H, Kato T, Ichinose S, Takada A, Namiki T, Asakawa K, Morinaga H, Mohri Y, De Arcangelis A, Geroges-Labouesse E, Nanba D, Nishimura EK. Stem cell competition orchestrates skin homeostasis and ageing. Nature 2019; 568:344-350. [PMID: 30944469 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells underlie tissue homeostasis, but their dynamics during ageing-and the relevance of these dynamics to organ ageing-remain unknown. Here we report that the expression of the hemidesmosome component collagen XVII (COL17A1) by epidermal stem cells fluctuates physiologically through genomic/oxidative stress-induced proteolysis, and that the resulting differential expression of COL17A1 in individual stem cells generates a driving force for cell competition. In vivo clonal analysis in mice and in vitro 3D modelling show that clones that express high levels of COL17A1, which divide symmetrically, outcompete and eliminate adjacent stressed clones that express low levels of COL17A1, which divide asymmetrically. Stem cells with higher potential or quality are thus selected for homeostasis, but their eventual loss of COL17A1 limits their competition, thereby causing ageing. The resultant hemidesmosome fragility and stem cell delamination deplete adjacent melanocytes and fibroblasts to promote skin ageing. Conversely, the forced maintenance of COL17A1 rescues skin organ ageing, thereby indicating potential angles for anti-ageing therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Liu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsumura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Kato
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuko Ichinose
- Research Center for Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aki Takada
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Namiki
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Asakawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironobu Morinaga
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Mohri
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Adèle De Arcangelis
- CNRS UMR7104, Inserm U1258, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Development and Stem Cells Department, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elisabeth Geroges-Labouesse
- CNRS UMR7104, Inserm U1258, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Development and Stem Cells Department, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Daisuke Nanba
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi K Nishimura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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19
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Mobasseri SA, Zijl S, Salameti V, Walko G, Stannard A, Garcia-Manyes S, Watt FM. Patterning of human epidermal stem cells on undulating elastomer substrates reflects differences in cell stiffness. Acta Biomater 2019; 87:256-264. [PMID: 30710711 PMCID: PMC6401207 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In human skin the junction between epidermis and dermis undulates, the width and depth of the undulations varying with age and disease. When primary human epidermal keratinocytes are seeded on collagen-coated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer substrates that mimic the epidermal-dermal interface, the stem cells become patterned by 24 h, resembling their organisation in living skin. We found that cell density and nuclear height were higher at the base than the tips of the PDMS features. Cells on the tips not only expressed higher levels of the stem cell marker β1 integrin but also had elevated E-cadherin, Desmoglein 3 and F-actin than cells at the base. In contrast, levels of the transcriptional cofactor MAL were higher at the base. AFM measurements established that the Young’s modulus of cells on the tips was lower than on the base or cells on flat substrates. The differences in cell stiffness were dependent on Rho kinase activity and intercellular adhesion. On flat substrates the Young’s modulus of calcium-dependent intercellular junctions was higher than that of the cell body, again dependent on Rho kinase. Cell patterning was influenced by the angle of the slope on undulating substrates. Our observations are consistent with the concept that epidermal stem cell patterning is dependent on mechanical forces exerted at intercellular junctions in response to undulations in the epidermal-dermal interface. Statement of significance In human skin the epidermal-dermal junction undulates and epidermal stem cells are patterned according to their position. We previously created collagen-coated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer substrates that mimic the undulations and provide sufficient topographical information for stem cells to cluster on the tips. Here we show that the stiffness of cells on the tips is lower than cells on the base. The differences in cell stiffness depend on Rho kinase activity and intercellular adhesion. We propose that epidermal stem cell patterning is determined by mechanical forces exerted at intercellular junctions in response to the slope of the undulations.
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20
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From cell shape to cell fate via the cytoskeleton - Insights from the epidermis. Exp Cell Res 2019; 378:232-237. [PMID: 30872138 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Animal cells exhibit a wide range of shapes that reflect their diverse functions. Cell shape is determined by a balance between internal and external forces and therefore involves the cytoskeleton and its associated adhesion structures. Cell shape dynamics during development and homeostasis are tightly regulated and closely coordinated with cell fate determination. Defects in cell shape are a hallmark of many pathological conditions including cancer and skin diseases. This review highlights the links between cell shape and cell fate in the epidermis, which have been studied for over 40 years both in vitro and in vivo. Briefly discussing seminal experiments showing the strong coupling between keratinocyte cell shape and their fate we primarily focus on recent studies uncovering novel cellular and molecular mechanisms linking epidermal cell shape with cell growth, differentiation, asymmetric division, and delamination.
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21
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Cheshire P, Zhafira AS, Banakh I, Rahman MM, Carmichael I, Herson M, Cleland H, Akbarzadeh S. Xeno-free expansion of adult keratinocytes for clinical application: the use of human-derived feeder cells and serum. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 376:389-400. [PMID: 30666537 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-02986-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cultured epithelial autograft (CEA) was the birth of skin tissue engineering and encompassed methodologies for the isolation and expansion of autologous basal keratinocytes for burn treatment that are still practiced at some specialised units around the world. One of the limitations of CEA, however, is the reliance on animal-derived material during the manufacturing process and despite all efforts to date, no xeno-free alternative with proven efficacy has been reported. Here, we investigate whether human-derived fibroblast feeder cells and human serum can sufficiently and effectively provide a suitable microenvironment for adult keratinocyte isolation and expansion. Human dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes were isolated from discarded skin during abdominoplasty and breast reduction procedures and cultured in xeno-free conditions. We report that these xeno-free adult keratinocytes form similar numbers of colony-forming units as those cultured using the Green's methods; however, xeno-free keratinocytes express lower levels of α6 integrin (CD49f; a progenitor and stem cell marker). We identified IL-8 as a potential growth factor secreted by adult human fibroblasts that may enhance keratinocyte colony formation in human serum. Finally, we propose a step-by-step xeno-free isolation and cultivation methodology for adult keratinocytes that can be tested further in serial cultivation for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perdita Cheshire
- Skin Bioengineering Laboratory, Victorian Adult Burns Service, Alfred Hospital, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3181, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aqila S Zhafira
- Skin Bioengineering Laboratory, Victorian Adult Burns Service, Alfred Hospital, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3181, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ilia Banakh
- Skin Bioengineering Laboratory, Victorian Adult Burns Service, Alfred Hospital, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3181, Australia
| | - Md Mostafizur Rahman
- Skin Bioengineering Laboratory, Victorian Adult Burns Service, Alfred Hospital, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3181, Australia
| | - Irena Carmichael
- Monash Micro Imaging, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marisa Herson
- Skin Bioengineering Laboratory, Victorian Adult Burns Service, Alfred Hospital, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3181, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heather Cleland
- Skin Bioengineering Laboratory, Victorian Adult Burns Service, Alfred Hospital, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3181, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shiva Akbarzadeh
- Skin Bioengineering Laboratory, Victorian Adult Burns Service, Alfred Hospital, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3181, Australia.
- Department of Surgery, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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22
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Tjin MS, Chua AWC, Moreno-Moral A, Chong LY, Tang PY, Harmston NP, Cai Z, Petretto E, Tan BK, Tryggvason K. Biologically relevant laminin as chemically defined and fully human platform for human epidermal keratinocyte culture. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4432. [PMID: 30377295 PMCID: PMC6207750 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06934-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The current expansion of autologous human keratinocytes to resurface severe wound defects still relies on murine feeder layer and calf serum in the cell culture system. Through our characterization efforts of the human skin basement membrane and murine feeder layer 3T3-J2, we identified two biologically relevant recombinant laminins-LN-511 and LN-421- as potential candidates to replace the murine feeder. Herein, we report a completely xeno-free and defined culture system utilizing these laminins which enables robust expansion of adult human skin keratinocytes. We demonstrate that our laminin system is comparable to the 3T3-J2 co-culture system in terms of basal markers' profile, colony-forming efficiency and the ability to form normal stratified epidermal structure in both in vitro and in vivo models. These results show that the proposed system may not only provide safer keratinocyte use in the clinics, but also facilitate the broader use of other cultured human epithelial cells in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Suryana Tjin
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Alvin Wen Choong Chua
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.
- Skin Bank Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 169608, Singapore.
| | - Aida Moreno-Moral
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Li Yen Chong
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Po Yin Tang
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Nathan Peter Harmston
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Zuhua Cai
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Bien Keem Tan
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Skin Bank Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 17771, Stockholm, Sweden.
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23
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Coordinated collective migration and asymmetric cell division in confluent human keratinocytes without wounding. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3665. [PMID: 30202009 PMCID: PMC6131553 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05578-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial sheet spreading is a fundamental cellular process that must be coordinated with cell division and differentiation to restore tissue integrity. Here we use consecutive serum deprivation and re-stimulation to reconstruct biphasic collective migration and proliferation in cultured sheets of human keratinocytes. In this system, a burst of long-range coordinated locomotion is rapidly generated throughout the cell sheet in the absence of wound edges. Migrating cohorts reach correlation lengths of several millimeters and display dependencies on epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated signaling, self-propelled polarized migration, and a G1/G0 cell cycle environment. The migration phase is temporally and spatially aligned with polarized cell divisions characterized by pre-mitotic nuclear migration to the cell front and asymmetric partitioning of nuclear promyelocytic leukemia bodies and lysosomes to opposite daughter cells. This study investigates underlying mechanisms contributing to the stark contrast between cells in a static quiescent state compared to the long-range coordinated collective migration seen in contact with blood serum. Epithelial sheet migration requires polarized and coordinated cell movement. Here, the authors demonstrate serum-activated collective migration followed by polarized asymmetric cell divisions in otherwise quiescent human keratinocyte monolayers in the absence of wound edges.
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24
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Stem Cell Properties of Normal Human Keratinocytes Determine Transformation Responses to Human Papillomavirus 16 DNA. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00331-18. [PMID: 29593030 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00331-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of the genital tract is common; however, only about 10 to 15% of infections persist, and approximately 10 to 15% of these persistent infections result in cancer. Basal epidermal stem cells are the presumed target cells for HPV infection, providing a reservoir of latently infected cells that persist over time and initiate lesions. However, it is not known whether stem cell density has any influence on transformation of human keratinocytes by HPV. We explored the relationship between stem cell properties of normal human keratinocytes and their susceptibility to transformation by HPV16 DNA. Normal human keratinocyte isolates (NHKc) derived from different donors were cultured in three-dimensional anchorage-free suspension to assess their spheroid-forming ability. NHKc spheroids were then plated back into plastic monolayer culture and transfected with full-length HPV16 DNA, which we have previously shown to integrate into the host cell genome upon transfection. Spheroid-derived NHKc (SD-NHKc) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting-purified populations of basal stem-like keratinocytes, expressing low levels of epidermal growth factor receptor and high levels of integrin alpha 6 (EGFRlo/ITGα6hi), responded to transfection with HPV16 DNA with more vigorous proliferation, greater immortalization efficiency, and faster progression to differentiation resistance than autologous mass-cultured cells. Conversely, cells committed to terminal differentiation (EGFRhi/ITGα6lo) grew slowly after transfection with HPV16 and failed to generate immortalized or DR clones. HPV16 DNA induced stem cell properties in mass-cultured NHKc. We conclude that HPV16 preferentially immortalizes basal keratinocytes with stem cell properties and that these cells readily achieve a differentiation-resistant phenotype upon immortalization by HPV16.IMPORTANCE This paper explores the relationship between the stem cell properties of normal human epidermal cells in culture and these cells' susceptibility to transformation by HPV16 DNA, the HPV type present in about 50% of cervical cancers. We report variable susceptibilities to HPV16-mediated transformation among different keratinocyte isolates derived from neonatal foreskin. Our findings provide strong experimental evidence that HPV16 preferentially transforms basal keratinocytes with stem cell properties. Insights gained from these studies increase our understanding of the host cell-specific factors influencing individual susceptibility to HPV-driven transformation and the contributing factors leading to preneoplastic and neoplastic progression of HPV-positive lesions.
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25
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Hynds RE, Bonfanti P, Janes SM. Regenerating human epithelia with cultured stem cells: feeder cells, organoids and beyond. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 10:139-150. [PMID: 29288165 PMCID: PMC5801505 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 40 years ago, Howard Green's laboratory developed a method for long-term expansion of primary human epidermal keratinocytes by co-culture with 3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblasts. This was a breakthrough for in vitro cultivation of cells from human skin and later for other epithelia: it led to the first stem cell therapy using cultured cells and has vastly increased our understanding of epithelial stem cell biology. In recent years, new methods to expand epithelial cells as three-dimensional organoids have provided novel means to investigate the functions of these cells in health and disease. Here, we outline the history of stratified epithelial stem cell culture and the application of cultured epithelial cells in clinical therapies. We further discuss the derivation of organoids from other types of epithelia and the challenges that remain for the translation of novel stem cell therapies toward clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Hynds
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
- CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Paola Bonfanti
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sam M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
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26
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Watt FM. Engineered Microenvironments to Direct Epidermal Stem Cell Behavior at Single-Cell Resolution. Dev Cell 2017; 38:601-9. [PMID: 27676433 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian epidermis is maintained through proliferation of stem cells and differentiation of their progeny. The balance between self-renewal and differentiation is controlled by a variety of interacting intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Although the nature of these interactions is complex, they can be modeled in a reductionist fashion by capturing single epidermal stem cells on micropatterned substrates and exposing them to individual stimuli, alone or in combination, over defined time points. These studies have shown that different extrinsic stimuli trigger a common outcome-initiation of terminal differentiation-by activating different signaling pathways and eliciting different transcriptional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Floor 28, Tower Wing, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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Friedl P, Mayor R. Tuning Collective Cell Migration by Cell-Cell Junction Regulation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a029199. [PMID: 28096261 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Collective cell migration critically depends on cell-cell interactions coupled to a dynamic actin cytoskeleton. Important cell-cell adhesion receptor systems implicated in controlling collective movements include cadherins, immunoglobulin superfamily members (L1CAM, NCAM, ALCAM), Ephrin/Eph receptors, Slit/Robo, connexins and integrins, and an adaptive array of intracellular adapter and signaling proteins. Depending on molecular composition and signaling context, cell-cell junctions adapt their shape and stability, and this gradual junction plasticity enables different types of collective cell movements such as epithelial sheet and cluster migration, branching morphogenesis and sprouting, collective network migration, as well as coordinated individual-cell migration and streaming. Thereby, plasticity of cell-cell junction composition and turnover defines the type of collective movements in epithelial, mesenchymal, neuronal, and immune cells, and defines migration coordination, anchorage, and cell dissociation. We here review cell-cell adhesion systems and their functions in different types of collective cell migration as key regulators of collective plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Friedl
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands.,David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030.,Cancer Genomics Center, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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Hamanaka RB, Mutlu GM. PFKFB3, a Direct Target of p63, Is Required for Proliferation and Inhibits Differentiation in Epidermal Keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1267-1276. [PMID: 28108301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
p63 is a transcription factor essential for epidermal development and homeostasis. p63 is a member of the p53 family of transcription factors, which are increasingly understood to be regulators of cellular metabolism. How p63 regulates metabolism in epidermal keratinocytes is incompletely understood, and it is unknown whether glycolytic regulation is essential to maintain the balance between proliferation and differentiation within the epidermis. We found that p63 promotes glycolytic metabolism in epidermal keratinocytes. p63 bound to consensus sites within the PFKFB3 gene and was required for PFKFB3 mRNA and protein expression. PFKFB3 overexpression inhibited differentiation of keratinocytes, whereas knockdown inhibited proliferation and increased the rate of differentiation. Furthermore, we found that PFKFB3 was highly expressed in psoriatic epidermis. Our results show that PFKFB3 is a key regulator of epidermal homeostasis and may represent a therapeutic target for epidermal diseases associated with hyperproliferation and impaired differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Hamanaka
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| | - Gökhan M Mutlu
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Castro-Muñozledo F, Meza-Aguilar DG, Domínguez-Castillo R, Hernández-Zequinely V, Sánchez-Guzmán E. Vimentin as a Marker of Early Differentiating, Highly Motile Corneal Epithelial Cells. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:818-830. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Castro-Muñozledo
- Department of Cell Biology; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN; México City Mexico
| | - Diana G. Meza-Aguilar
- Department of Cell Biology; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN; México City Mexico
| | - Rocío Domínguez-Castillo
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN; México City Mexico
| | | | - Erika Sánchez-Guzmán
- Department of Cell Biology; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN; México City Mexico
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Hiroyasu S, Colburn ZT, Jones JCR. A hemidesmosomal protein regulates actin dynamics and traction forces in motile keratinocytes. FASEB J 2016; 30:2298-310. [PMID: 26936359 PMCID: PMC4871795 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500160r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
During wound healing of the skin, keratinocytes disassemble hemidesmosomes and reorganize their actin cytoskeletons in order to exert traction forces on and move directionally over the dermis. Nonetheless, the transmembrane hemidesmosome component collagen XVII (ColXVII) is found in actin-rich lamella, situated behind the lamellipodium. A set of actin bundles, along which ColXVII colocalizes with actinin4, is present at each lamella. Knockdown of either ColXVII or actinin4 not only inhibits directed migration of keratinocytes but also relieves constraints on actin bundle retrograde movement at the site of lamella, such that actin bundle movement is enhanced more than 5-fold. Moreover, whereas control keratinocytes move in a stepwise fashion over a substrate by generating alternating traction forces, of up to 1.4 kPa, at each flank of the lamellipodium, ColXVII knockdown keratinocytes fail to do so. In summary, our data indicate that ColXVII-actinin4 complexes at the lamella of a moving keratinocyte regulate actin dynamics, thereby determining the direction of cell movement.-Hiroyasu, S., Colburn, Z. T., Jones, J. C. R. A hemidesmosomal protein regulates actin dynamics and traction forces in motile keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Hiroyasu
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Zachary T Colburn
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Jonathan C R Jones
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Roshan A, Murai K, Fowler J, Simons BD, Nikolaidou-Neokosmidou V, Jones PH. Human keratinocytes have two interconvertible modes of proliferation. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:145-56. [PMID: 26641719 PMCID: PMC4872834 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Single stem cells, including those in human epidermis, have a remarkable ability to reconstitute tissues in vitro, but the cellular mechanisms that enable this are ill-defined. Here we used live imaging to track the outcome of thousands of divisions in clonal cultures of primary human epidermal keratinocytes. Two modes of proliferation were seen. In 'balanced' mode, similar proportions of proliferating and differentiating cells were generated, achieving the 'population asymmetry' that sustains epidermal homeostasis in vivo. In 'expanding' mode, an excess of cycling cells was produced, generating large expanding colonies. Cells in expanding mode switched their behaviour to balanced mode once local confluence was attained. However, when a confluent area was wounded in a scratch assay, cells near the scratch switched back to expanding mode until the defect was closed. We conclude that the ability of a single epidermal stem cell to reconstitute an epithelium is explained by two interconvertible modes of proliferation regulated by confluence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Roshan
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 0XZ
- Present address: Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Colney Lane, Norwich, United Kingdom NR4 7UY
| | - Kasumi Murai
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB10 1SA
| | - Joanna Fowler
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB10 1SA
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Cavendish Laboratory, TCM, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB3 0HE
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, The Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and Developmental Biology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 1QN
| | - Varvara Nikolaidou-Neokosmidou
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 0XZ
| | - Philip H Jones
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 0XZ
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB10 1SA
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Hiraoka C, Toki F, Shiraishi K, Sayama K, Nishimura EK, Miura H, Higashiyama S, Nanba D. Two clonal types of human skin fibroblasts with different potentials for proliferation and tissue remodeling ability. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 82:84-94. [PMID: 26867959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin fibroblast heterogeneity is of growing interest due to its relevance in not only skin development but also cutaneous wound healing. However, the characterization of human dermal fibroblasts at a clonal level has not been accomplished and their functional heterogeneity remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to define the clonal heterogeneity of human dermal fibroblasts. METHODS Isolated human dermal fibroblasts were clonally expanded and categorized by comprehensive phenotypic and gene expression profiling. RESULTS Single fibroblasts were significantly multiplied and efficiently cloned without chromosomal abnormalities under hypoxic conditions. Individual clones were heterogeneous in their proliferative capacity, and gene expression profiling revealed differences in the expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix synthesis and degradation. Each cloned fibroblast also had different abilities in terms of collagen remodeling. All phenotypic and gene expression data were analyzed with Spearman's rank correlation, and fibroblasts were categorized into at least two functional clonal types. One was highly proliferative, while the other was less proliferative but had the ability to remodel the tissue architecture. The proliferative clones were predominant in infants, but decreased with physiological aging. CONCLUSION This study provides strong evidence for the functional heterogeneity of human dermal fibroblasts at a clonal level, which has implications regarding skin repair and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Hiraoka
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center (PROS), Ehime University, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Fujio Toki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ken Shiraishi
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Koji Sayama
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Emi K Nishimura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Miura
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Shigeki Higashiyama
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center (PROS), Ehime University, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nanba
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center (PROS), Ehime University, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
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Viswanathan P, Guvendiren M, Chua W, Telerman SB, Liakath-Ali K, Burdick JA, Watt FM. Mimicking the topography of the epidermal-dermal interface with elastomer substrates. Integr Biol (Camb) 2016; 8:21-9. [PMID: 26658424 DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00238a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
In human skin the interface between the epidermis and dermis is not flat, but undulates. The dimensions of the undulations change as a function of age and disease. Epidermal stem cell clusters lie in specific locations relative to the undulations; however, whether their location affects their properties is unknown. To explore this, we developed a two-step protocol to create patterned substrates that mimic the topographical features of the human epidermal-dermal interface. Substrates with negative patterns were first fabricated by exposing a photocurable formulation to light, controlling the topographical features (such as diameter, height and center-to-center distance) by the photomask pattern dimensions and UV crosslinking time. The negative pattern was then translated to PDMS elastomer to fabricate substrates with 8 unique surface topographies on which primary human keratinocytes were cultured. We found that cells were patterned according to topography, and that separate cues determined the locations of stem cells, differentiated cells and proliferating cells. The biomimetic platform we have developed will be useful for probing the effect of topography on stem cell behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyalakshmi Viswanathan
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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Tate S, Imai M, Matsushita N, Nishimura EK, Higashiyama S, Nanba D. Rotation is the primary motion of paired human epidermal keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2015; 79:194-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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35
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Nanba D, Toki F, Tate S, Imai M, Matsushita N, Shiraishi K, Sayama K, Toki H, Higashiyama S, Barrandon Y. Cell motion predicts human epidermal stemness. J Exp Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1084/jem.2125oia31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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