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Samain R, Maiques O, Monger J, Lam H, Candido J, George S, Ferrari N, KohIhammer L, Lunetto S, Varela A, Orgaz JL, Vilardell F, Olsina JJ, Matias-Guiu X, Sarker D, Biddle A, Balkwill FR, Eyles J, Wilkinson RW, Kocher HM, Calvo F, Wells CM, Sanz-Moreno V. CD73 controls Myosin II-driven invasion, metastasis, and immunosuppression in amoeboid pancreatic cancer cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi0244. [PMID: 37851808 PMCID: PMC10584351 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a very poor prognosis because of its high propensity to metastasize and its immunosuppressive microenvironment. Using a panel of pancreatic cancer cell lines, three-dimensional (3D) invasion systems, microarray gene signatures, microfluidic devices, mouse models, and intravital imaging, we demonstrate that ROCK-Myosin II activity in PDAC cells supports a transcriptional program conferring amoeboid invasive and immunosuppressive traits and in vivo metastatic abilities. Moreover, we find that immune checkpoint CD73 is highly expressed in amoeboid PDAC cells and drives their invasive, metastatic, and immunomodulatory traits. Mechanistically, CD73 activates RhoA-ROCK-Myosin II downstream of PI3K. Tissue microarrays of human PDAC biopsies combined with bioinformatic analysis reveal that rounded-amoeboid invasive cells with high CD73-ROCK-Myosin II activity and their immunosuppressive microenvironment confer poor prognosis to patients. We propose targeting amoeboid PDAC cells as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Samain
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Oscar Maiques
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Joanne Monger
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Hoyin Lam
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kings College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
- GSK, R&D Portfolio, Strategy and Business Insights, GSK House, 980 Great West Road, Brentford, TW8 9GS, UK
| | - Juliana Candido
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Samantha George
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Nicola Ferrari
- Tumour Microenvironment Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Early Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leonie KohIhammer
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sophia Lunetto
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Adrian Varela
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jose L. Orgaz
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Felip Vilardell
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Jorge Juan Olsina
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- IRBLLEIDA, IDIBELL, University Hospita of Bellvitge, CIBERONC, Lleida, Spain
| | - Debashis Sarker
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kings College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Adrian Biddle
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Frances R. Balkwill
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jim Eyles
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
| | | | - Hemant M. Kocher
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Barts and the London HPB Centre, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Fernando Calvo
- Tumour Microenvironment Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnologia de Cantabria, c/ Albert Einstein 22, E39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Claire M. Wells
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kings College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Victoria Sanz-Moreno
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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Li Y, Meng X, Luo Y, Luo S, Li J, Zeng J, Huang X, Wang J. The oncogenic miR-429 promotes triple-negative breast cancer progression by degrading DLC1. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:9809-9821. [PMID: 37737712 PMCID: PMC10564445 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Lines of evidence have demonstrated that the oncogenic miRNAs are pivotal to the progression of breast cancer. In this study, we investigated the biological traits of microRNA-429 (miR-429) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and the underlying molecular mechanism. We found that miR-429 was notably overexpressed in TNBC, and promoted TNBC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by degrading the tumor suppressor DLC1. In conclusion, our findings reveal the mechanism of tumorigenic miR-429 in TNBC, which paves the way for target therapies translation in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
| | - Xue Meng
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
| | - Yuqing Luo
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Luo
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
| | - Jiafei Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
| | - Jinjing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
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Wang W, Huang W, Liu J, Zhang Z, Ji R, Wu C, Zhang J, Jiang X. Electric field promotes dermal fibroblast transdifferentiation through activation of RhoA/ROCK1 pathway. Int J Med Sci 2023; 20:1326-1335. [PMID: 37786441 PMCID: PMC10542021 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.86215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increased incidence of age-related and lifestyle-related diseases, chronic wounds are sweeping the world, where recent studies reveal that dysfunction of fibroblast plays an indispensable role. Endogenous electric field (EF) generated by skin wound disrupting an epithelial layer has been used as an alternative clinical treatment in chronic wound by modulating cellular behaviours, including fibroblasts transdifferentiation. Although many molecules and signaling pathways have been reported associated with fibroblasts transdifferentiation, studies investigating how the electric field affects the cellular pathways have been limited. For this purpose, a model of electric field treatment in vitro was established, where cells were randomly divided into control and electrified groups. The changes of protein expression and distribution were detected under different conditions, along with Zeiss imaging system observing the response of cells. Results showed that fibroblast transdifferentiation was accompanied by increased expression of a-SMA and extracellular matrix (COL-1 and COL-3) under the EF. Simultaneously, fibroblast transdifferentiation was also consistent with changes of cell arrangement and enhanced motility. Furthermore, we found that electric field activated RhoA signaling pathways activity. Y-27632, a RhoA inhibitor, which was used to treat fibroblasts, resulted in reduced transdifferentiation. The connection between electric field and RhoA signaling pathways is likely to be significant in modulating fibroblast transdifferentiation in acute injury and tissue remodeling, which provides an innovative idea for the molecular mechanism of EF in promoting chronic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wanqi Huang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
- Department of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ran Ji
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xupin Jiang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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Zarkada G, Chen X, Zhou X, Lange M, Zeng L, Lv W, Zhang X, Li Y, Zhou W, Liu K, Chen D, Ricard N, Liao JK, Kim YB, Benedito R, Claesson-Welsh L, Alitalo K, Simons M, Ju R, Li X, Eichmann A, Zhang F. Chylomicrons Regulate Lacteal Permeability and Intestinal Lipid Absorption. Circ Res 2023; 133:333-349. [PMID: 37462027 PMCID: PMC10530007 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.322607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphatic vessels are responsible for tissue drainage, and their malfunction is associated with chronic diseases. Lymph uptake occurs via specialized open cell-cell junctions between capillary lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), whereas closed junctions in collecting LECs prevent lymph leakage. LEC junctions are known to dynamically remodel in development and disease, but how lymphatic permeability is regulated remains poorly understood. METHODS We used various genetically engineered mouse models in combination with cellular, biochemical, and molecular biology approaches to elucidate the signaling pathways regulating junction morphology and function in lymphatic capillaries. RESULTS By studying the permeability of intestinal lacteal capillaries to lipoprotein particles known as chylomicrons, we show that ROCK (Rho-associated kinase)-dependent cytoskeletal contractility is a fundamental mechanism of LEC permeability regulation. We show that chylomicron-derived lipids trigger neonatal lacteal junction opening via ROCK-dependent contraction of junction-anchored stress fibers. LEC-specific ROCK deletion abolished junction opening and plasma lipid uptake. Chylomicrons additionally inhibited VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)-A signaling. We show that VEGF-A antagonizes LEC junction opening via VEGFR (VEGF receptor) 2 and VEGFR3-dependent PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)/AKT (protein kinase B) activation of the small GTPase RAC1 (Rac family small GTPase 1), thereby restricting RhoA (Ras homolog family member A)/ROCK-mediated cytoskeleton contraction. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that antagonistic inputs into ROCK-dependent cytoskeleton contractions regulate the interconversion of lymphatic junctions in the intestine and in other tissues, providing a tunable mechanism to control the lymphatic barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Zarkada
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510-3221, USA
| | - Xun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xuetong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Martin Lange
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510-3221, USA
| | - Lei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wenyu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yunhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Weibin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Keli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Dongying Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510-3221, USA
| | - Nicolas Ricard
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510-3221, USA
| | - James K. Liao
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Banner University Medical Center, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rui Benedito
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Uppsala University, Rudbeck, SciLifeLab and Beijer Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Simons
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510-3221, USA
| | - Rong Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xuri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Anne Eichmann
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510-3221, USA
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
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Trouvilliez S, Cicero J, Lévêque R, Aubert L, Corbet C, Van Outryve A, Streule K, Angrand PO, Völkel P, Magnez R, Brysbaert G, Mysiorek C, Gosselet F, Bourette R, Adriaenssens E, Thuru X, Lagadec C, de Ruyck J, Orian-Rousseau V, Le Bourhis X, Toillon RA. Direct interaction of TrkA/CD44v3 is essential for NGF-promoted aggressiveness of breast cancer cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:110. [PMID: 35346305 PMCID: PMC8962522 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02314-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD44 is a multifunctional membrane glycoprotein. Through its heparan sulfate chain, CD44 presents growth factors to their receptors. We have shown that CD44 and Tropomyosin kinase A (TrkA) form a complex following nerve growth factor (NGF) induction. Our study aimed to understand how CD44 and TrkA interact and the consequences of inhibiting this interaction regarding the pro-tumoral effect of NGF in breast cancer. Methods After determining which CD44 isoforms (variants) are involved in forming the TrkA/CD44 complex using proximity ligation assays, we investigated the molecular determinants of this interaction. By molecular modeling, we isolated the amino acids involved and confirmed their involvement using mutations. A CD44v3 mimetic peptide was then synthesized to block the TrkA/CD44v3 interaction. The effects of this peptide on the growth, migration and invasion of xenografted triple-negative breast cancer cells were assessed. Finally, we investigated the correlations between the expression of the TrkA/CD44v3 complex in tumors and histo-pronostic parameters. Results We demonstrated that isoform v3 (CD44v3), but not v6, binds to TrkA in response to NGF stimulation. The final 10 amino acids of exon v3 and the TrkA H112 residue are necessary for the association of CD44v3 with TrkA. Functionally, the CD44v3 mimetic peptide impairs not only NGF-induced RhoA activation, clonogenicity, and migration/invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro but also tumor growth and metastasis in a xenograft mouse model. We also detected TrkA/CD44v3 only in cancerous cells, not in normal adjacent tissues. Conclusion Collectively, our results suggest that blocking the CD44v3/TrkA interaction can be a new therapeutic option for triple-negative breast cancers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02314-4.
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Iyer DN, Foo DCC, Lo OSH, Wan TMH, Li X, Sin RWY, Pang RWC, Law WL, Ng L. MiR-509-3p is oncogenic, targets the tumor suppressor PHLPP2, and functions as a novel tumor adjacent normal tissue based prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:351. [PMID: 35361144 PMCID: PMC8969217 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-09075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently the role of microRNAs has been explored immensely as novel regulators and potential biomarkers in several cancers. MiR-509-3p is one such miRNA that has been observed to show a mixed expression in different cancers, while it’s expression and clinical relevance in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not yet been characterized. Methods We used quantitative PCR to evaluate the expression of miR-509-3p in fresh-frozen CRC tumor tissues and the corresponding tumor-adjacent normal (NAT) tissues from 103 patients. Subsequently, functional studies were performed to further interpret the role of the miRNA in CRC. Results MiR-509-3p was found to be overexpressed in CRC tissues in nearly 80% of cases and was associated with an aggressive disease presentation. Notably, a higher expression of the miRNA promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells in in vitro and in vivo models. Mechanistically, we confirmed that miR-509-3p directly binds the 3’UTR of the tumor suppressor PHLPP2 and inhibits its expression. Furthermore, within the previous 103 clinical tissue specimens, we observed an overexpression of miR-509-3p within the NAT tissue of patients associated with a poor disease prognosis. Using multivariate analysis, it was observed that the expression of miR-509-3p within the NAT tissue was an independent predictor of prognosis in CRC. At the cellular level, through indirect coculture experiments, miR-509-3p was observed to regulate the proliferative, migratory, and invasive behavior of normal colon cells. Conclusion MiR-509-3p strongly contributes to the development and progression of CRC and can potentially function as a prognostic biomarker in the disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-09075-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Narayanan Iyer
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dominic Chi-Chung Foo
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Oswens Siu-Hung Lo
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Timothy Ming-Hun Wan
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ryan Wai-Yan Sin
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Roberta Wen-Chi Pang
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai-Lun Law
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lui Ng
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Frey Y, Franz-Wachtel M, Macek B, Olayioye MA. Proteasomal turnover of the RhoGAP tumor suppressor DLC1 is regulated by HECTD1 and USP7. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5036. [PMID: 35322810 PMCID: PMC8943137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rho GTPase activating protein Deleted in Liver Cancer 1 (DLC1) is frequently downregulated through genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in various malignancies, leading to aberrant Rho GTPase signaling and thus facilitating cancer progression. Here we show that in breast cancer cells, dysregulation of DLC1 expression occurs at the protein level through rapid degradation via the ubiquitin–proteasome system. Using mass spectrometry, we identify two novel DLC1 interaction partners, the ubiquitin-ligase HECTD1 and the deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin-specific-processing protease 7 (USP7). While DLC1 protein expression was rapidly downregulated upon pharmacological inhibition of USP7, siRNA-mediated knockdown of HECTD1 increased DLC1 protein levels and impaired its degradation. Immunofluorescence microscopy analyses revealed that the modulation of HECTD1 levels and USP7 activity altered DLC1 abundance at focal adhesions, its primary site of action. Thus, we propose opposing regulatory mechanisms of DLC1 protein homeostasis by USP7 and HECTD1, which could open up strategies to counteract downregulation and restore DLC1 expression in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Frey
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mirita Franz-Wachtel
- Proteome Center Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Boris Macek
- Proteome Center Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Monilola A Olayioye
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany. .,Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology (SRCSB), University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
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8
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Tripathi BK, Anderman MF, Bhargava D, Boccuzzi L, Qian X, Wang D, Durkin ME, Papageorge AG, de Miguel FJ, Politi K, Walters KJ, Doroshow JH, Lowy DR. Inhibition of cytoplasmic EZH2 induces antitumor activity through stabilization of the DLC1 tumor suppressor protein. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6941. [PMID: 34862367 PMCID: PMC8642553 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26993-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
mRNA expression of the DLC1 tumor suppressor gene is downregulated in many lung cancers and their derived cell lines, with DLC1 protein levels being low or absent. Although the role of increased EZH2 methyltransferase in cancer is usually attributed to its histone methylation, we unexpectedly observed that post-translational destabilization of DLC1 protein is common and attributable to its methylation by cytoplasmic EZH2, leading to CUL-4A ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of DLC1. Furthermore, siRNA knockdown of KRAS in several lines increases DLC1 protein, associated with a drastic reduction in cytoplasmic EZH2. Pharmacologic inhibition of EZH2, CUL-4A, or the proteasome can increase the steady-state level of DLC1 protein, whose tumor suppressor activity is further increased by AKT and/or SRC kinase inhibitors, which reverse the direct phosphorylation of DLC1 by these kinases. These rational drug combinations induce potent tumor growth inhibition, with markers of apoptosis and senescence, that is highly dependent on DLC1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brajendra K Tripathi
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Meghan F Anderman
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Disha Bhargava
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luciarita Boccuzzi
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaolan Qian
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dunrui Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marian E Durkin
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alex G Papageorge
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Katerina Politi
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Departments of Pathology and Internal Medicine (Section of Medical Oncology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kylie J Walters
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - James H Doroshow
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Douglas R Lowy
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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proBDNF expression induces apoptosis and inhibits synaptic regeneration by regulating the RhoA-JNK pathway in an in vitro post-stroke depression model. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:578. [PMID: 34759285 PMCID: PMC8580986 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01667-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of post-stroke depression (PSD). However, the precise function and potential mechanism of proBDNF, the precursor form of BDNF, are unknown. In our study, a PSD-like model was established by treating neuronal cells with oxygen-glucose deprivation and corticosterone. We found that the protein proBDNF levels were significantly higher in the cortex and hippocampus in the PSD group than in the control group, suggesting that proBDNF plays a role in the pathophysiology of PSD. Furthermore, we re-established the PSD-like cell model using recombinant p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) or silencing c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and found that the PSD-induced upregulation of proBDNF was inhibited by recombinant p75NTR and JNK silencing (siJNK), and increased cellular apoptosis. Moreover, the application of recombinant p75NTR and siJNK in the PSD-like cell model significantly reversed the expression of apoptosis-related and depression-related proteins and decreased cellular apoptosis. Our findings suggest that proBDNF is involved in neural plasticity in PSD in vitro. The RhoA-JNK signaling pathway is activated after proBDNF binds to the p75NTR receptor, followed by the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (PSD95, synaptophysin, and P-cofilin), which contribute to PSD progression. The mechanism might involve the promotion of cellular apoptosis and the inhibition of nerve synapses regeneration by proBDNF.
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10
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Sanchez-Solana B, Wang D, Qian X, Velayoudame P, Simanshu DK, Acharya JK, Lowy DR. The tumor suppressor activity of DLC1 requires the interaction of its START domain with Phosphatidylserine, PLCD1, and Caveolin-1. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:141. [PMID: 34727930 PMCID: PMC8561924 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01439-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DLC1, a tumor suppressor gene that is downregulated in many cancer types by genetic and nongenetic mechanisms, encodes a protein whose RhoGAP and scaffolding activities contribute to its tumor suppressor functions. The role of the DLC1 START (StAR-related lipid transfer; DLC1-START) domain, other than its binding to Caveolin-1, is poorly understood. In other START domains, a key function is that they bind lipids, but the putative lipid ligand for DLC1-START is unknown. METHODS Lipid overlay assays and Phosphatidylserine (PS)-pull down assays confirmed the binding of DLC1-START to PS. Co-immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated the interaction between DLC1-START and Phospholipase C delta 1 (PLCD1) or Caveolin-1, and the contribution of PS to those interactions. Rho-GTP, cell proliferation, cell migration, and/or anchorage-independent growth assays were used to investigate the contribution of PS and PLCD1, or the implications of TCGA cancer-associated DLC1-START mutants, to DLC1 functions. Co-immunoprecipitations and PS-pull down assays were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the impaired functions of DLC1-START mutants. A structural model of DLC1-START was also built to better understand the structural implications of the cancer-associated mutations in DLC1-START. RESULTS We identified PS as the lipid ligand for DLC1-START and determined that DLC1-START also binds PLCD1 protein in addition to Caveolin-1. PS binding contributes to the interaction of DLC1 with Caveolin-1 and with PLCD1. The importance of these activities for tumorigenesis is supported by our analysis of 7 cancer-associated DLC1-START mutants, each of which has reduced tumor suppressor function but retains wildtype RhoGAP activity. Our structural model of DLC1-START indicates the mutants perturb different elements within the structure, which is correlated with our experimental findings that the mutants are heterogenous with regard to the deficiency of their binding properties. Some have reduced PS binding, others reduced PLCD1 and Caveolin-1 binding, and others are deficient for all of these properties. CONCLUSION These observations highlight the importance of DLC1-START for the tumor suppressor function of DLC1 that is RhoGAP-independent. They also expand the versatility of START domains, as DLC1-START is the first found to bind PS, which promotes the binding to other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Sanchez-Solana
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Dunrui Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xiaolan Qian
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Parthibane Velayoudame
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Dhirendra K Simanshu
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Jairaj K Acharya
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Douglas R Lowy
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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11
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Qin L, Cao X, Kaneko T, Voss C, Liu X, Wang G, Li SSC. Dynamic interplay of two molecular switches enabled by the MEK1/2-ERK1/2 and IL-6-STAT3 signaling axes controls epithelial cell migration in response to growth factors. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101161. [PMID: 34480897 PMCID: PMC8477194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is an essential physiological process, and aberrant migration of epithelial cells underlies many pathological conditions. However, the molecular mechanisms governing cell migration are not fully understood. We report here that growth factor–induced epithelial cell migration is critically dependent on the crosstalk of two molecular switches, namely phosphorylation switch (P-switch) and transcriptional switch (T-switch). P-switch refers to dynamic interactions of deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1) and PI3K with tensin-3 (TNS3), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), C-terminal tension, and vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 (VAV2) that are dictated by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2–extracellular signal–regulated protein kinase 1/2–dependent phosphorylation of TNS3, PTEN, and VAV2. Phosphorylation of TNS3 and PTEN on specific Thr residues led to the switch of DLC1–TNS3 and PI3K–PTEN complexes to DLC1–PTEN and PI3K–TNS3 complexes, whereas Ser phosphorylation of VAV2 promotes the transition of the PI3K–TNS3/PTEN complexes to PI3K–VAV2 complex. T-switch denotes an increase in C-terminal tension transcription/expression regulated by both extracellular signal–regulated protein kinase 1/2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) via interleukin-6–Janus kinase–STAT3 signaling pathway. We have found that, the P-switch is indispensable for both the initiation and continuation of cell migration induced by growth factors, whereas the T-switch is only required to sustain cell migration. The interplay of the two switches facilitated by the interleukin-6–Janus kinase–STAT3 pathway governs a sequence of dynamic protein–protein interactions for sustained cell migration. That a similar mechanism is employed by both normal and tumorigenic epithelial cells to drive their respective migration suggests that the P-switch and T-switch are general regulators of epithelial cell migration and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyugao Qin
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xuan Cao
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tomonori Kaneko
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Courtney Voss
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xuguang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guoping Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shawn S-C Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
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12
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Soriano O, Alcón-Pérez M, Vicente-Manzanares M, Castellano E. The Crossroads between RAS and RHO Signaling Pathways in Cellular Transformation, Motility and Contraction. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060819. [PMID: 34071831 PMCID: PMC8229961 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras and Rho proteins are GTP-regulated molecular switches that control multiple signaling pathways in eukaryotic cells. Ras was among the first identified oncogenes, and it appears mutated in many forms of human cancer. It mainly promotes proliferation and survival through the MAPK pathway and the PI3K/AKT pathways, respectively. However, the myriad proteins close to the plasma membrane that activate or inhibit Ras make it a major regulator of many apparently unrelated pathways. On the other hand, Rho is weakly oncogenic by itself, but it critically regulates microfilament dynamics; that is, actin polymerization, disassembly and contraction. Polymerization is driven mainly by the Arp2/3 complex and formins, whereas contraction depends on myosin mini-filament assembly and activity. These two pathways intersect at numerous points: from Ras-dependent triggering of Rho activators, some of which act through PI3K, to mechanical feedback driven by actomyosin action. Here, we describe the main points of connection between the Ras and Rho pathways as they coordinately drive oncogenic transformation. We emphasize the biochemical crosstalk that drives actomyosin contraction driven by Ras in a Rho-dependent manner. We also describe possible routes of mechanical feedback through which myosin II activation may control Ras/Rho activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Soriano
- Tumor Biophysics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Marta Alcón-Pérez
- Tumour-Stroma Signalling Laboratory, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Miguel Vicente-Manzanares
- Tumor Biophysics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.V.-M.); (E.C.)
| | - Esther Castellano
- Tumour-Stroma Signalling Laboratory, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.V.-M.); (E.C.)
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Structural basis for p50RhoGAP BCH domain-mediated regulation of Rho inactivation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2014242118. [PMID: 34006635 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014242118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatiotemporal regulation of signaling cascades is crucial for various biological pathways, under the control of a range of scaffolding proteins. The BNIP-2 and Cdc42GAP Homology (BCH) domain is a highly conserved module that targets small GTPases and their regulators. Proteins bearing BCH domains are key for driving cell elongation, retraction, membrane protrusion, and other aspects of active morphogenesis during cell migration, myoblast differentiation, and neuritogenesis. We previously showed that the BCH domain of p50RhoGAP (ARHGAP1) sequesters RhoA from inactivation by its adjacent GAP domain; however, the underlying molecular mechanism for RhoA inactivation by p50RhoGAP remains unknown. Here, we report the crystal structure of the BCH domain of p50RhoGAP Schizosaccharomyces pombe and model the human p50RhoGAP BCH domain to understand its regulatory function using in vitro and cell line studies. We show that the BCH domain adopts an intertwined dimeric structure with asymmetric monomers and harbors a unique RhoA-binding loop and a lipid-binding pocket that anchors prenylated RhoA. Interestingly, the β5-strand of the BCH domain is involved in an intermolecular β-sheet, which is crucial for inhibition of the adjacent GAP domain. A destabilizing mutation in the β5-strand triggers the release of the GAP domain from autoinhibition. This renders p50RhoGAP active, thereby leading to RhoA inactivation and increased self-association of p50RhoGAP molecules via their BCH domains. Our results offer key insight into the concerted spatiotemporal regulation of Rho activity by BCH domain-containing proteins.
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14
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Tumor suppressor gene DLC1: Its modifications, interactive molecules, and potential prospects for clinical cancer application. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:264-275. [PMID: 33836193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1) is a recognized tumor suppressor gene that negatively regulates Rho family proteins by hydrolyzing the active GTP-bound state to its inactive GDP-bound state. Active Rho proteins play a positive role in tumorigenesis. Numerous in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that DLC1 is downregulated or inactivated in various solid tumors, which may be due to the following five reasons: genomic deletion, epigenetic modification and ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation may cause DLC1 underexpression; phosphorylation at the post-translation level may cause DLC1 inactivation; and failure to localize at focal adhesions (FAs) may prevent DLC1 from exerting full activity. All of the causes could be attributed to molecular binding. Experimental evidence suggests that direct or indirect targeting of DLC1 is feasible for cancer treatment. Therefore, elucidating the interaction of DLC1 with its binding partners might provide novel targeted therapies for cancer. In this review, we summarized the binding partners of DLC1 at both the gene and protein levels and expounded a variety of anticancer drugs targeting DLC1 to provide information about DLC1 as a cancer diagnostic indicator or therapeutic target.
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15
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Nomura W, Futamata R, Inoue Y. Role of RhoGAP Rgd1 in Pkc1 signaling-related actin repolarization under heat shock stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129853. [PMID: 33508381 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A serine/threonine kinase Pkc1 is the sole protein kinase C in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and plays an important role in the regulation of polarized growth and stress responses such as those due to heat shock. Exposure of cells to high temperature transiently arrests polarized growth and leads to depolarization of the actin cytoskeleton, followed by actin repolarization during adaptation to heat shock stress. Actin repolarization is ensured by the activation of Pkc1 signaling; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain poorly understood. METHODS Using an overexpression construct of a constitutively active mutant of Pkc1 (Pkc1R398P), we explored the Pkc1 target molecules involved in actin repolarization. RESULTS PKC1R398P overexpression as well as heat shock stress increased the phosphorylation levels of Rho GTPase-activating protein (RhoGAP) Rgd1. Rgd1 was found to contribute to Pkc1-signaling-related actin repolarization during adaptation to heat shock stress in a GAP activity-independent manner, with Ser148 in Rgd1 playing a crucial role. Furthermore, Rgd1 was involved in the maintenance of phosphorylation status of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase Mpk1, a downstream effector of Pkc1, under heat shock stress. CONCLUSIONS Rgd1 is a target of Pkc1 signaling under conditions of heat shock stress, and required for the normal process of actin repolarization during adaptation to heat shock stress. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our results provide insights into the molecular mechanism underlying Pkc1-mediated modulation of actin repolarization under heat shock stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Nomura
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Ryota Futamata
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Inoue
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
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16
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Wang L, Shen S, Xiao H, Ding F, Wang M, Li G, Hu F. ARHGAP24 inhibits cell proliferation and cell cycle progression and induces apoptosis of lung cancer via a STAT6-WWP2-p27 axis. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:711-721. [PMID: 31430374 PMCID: PMC7197742 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPase-activating proteins (RhoGAPs) have been reported to be of great importance in the initiation and development of many different cancers. However, their biological roles and regulatory mechanisms in lung cancer development and progression are poorly defined. Real-time PCR or western blotting analysis was used to detect Rho GTPase-activating protein 24 (ARHGAP24), WWP2, p27, p-STAT6 and STAT6 expression levels as well as the activity of RhoA and Rac1 in lung cancer. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle were measured by CCK-8 and flow cytometry analysis. Tumor growth of lung cancer cells was measured using a nude mouse xenograft experiment model in vivo. The correlation between WWP2 and p27 was measured by co-immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination analysis. We found that ARHGAP24 expression was lower in lung cancer tissues collected from the The Cancer Genome Atlas and independent hospital database. Overexpression of ARHGAP24 significantly suppressed cell proliferation and the activity of RhoA and Rac1, induced cell apoptosis and arrested cell cycle at the G0–G1 phase. ARHGAP24 overexpression also inhibited tumor growth in nude mice, whereas knockdown of ARHGAP24 significantly promoted cell proliferation and WWP2 expression and inhibited cell cycle arrest at G1 phase through activating STAT6 signaling. ARHGAP24 overexpression inhibited WWP2 overexpression-induced cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and the decreased p27 expression. Moreover, WWP2 was found interacted with p27, and WWP2 overexpression promoted the ubiquitination of p27. In conclusion, our findings suggest that ARHGAP24 inhibits cell proliferation and cell cycle progression and induces cell apoptosis of lung cancer via a STAT6-WWP2-p27 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Saie Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Xiao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangbao Ding
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingsong Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengqing Hu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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17
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Reelin Counteracts Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan-Mediated Cortical Dendrite Growth Inhibition. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0168-20.2020. [PMID: 32641498 PMCID: PMC7393641 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0168-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruptions in neuronal dendrite development alter brain circuitry and are associated with debilitating neurological disorders. Nascent apical dendrites of cortical excitatory neurons project into the marginal zone (MZ), a cell-sparse layer characterized by intense chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) expression. Paradoxically, CSPGs are known to broadly inhibit neurite growth and regeneration. This raises the possibility that the growing apical dendrite is somehow insensitive to CSPG-mediated neurite growth inhibition. To test this, developing cortical neurons were challenged with both soluble CSPGs and CSPG-positive stripe substrates in vitro. Soluble CSPGs inhibited dendritic growth and cortical dendrites respected CSPG stripe boundaries, effects that could be counteracted by prior CSPG inactivation by chondroitinase. Importantly, addition of Reelin, an extracellular signaling protein highly expressed in the MZ, partially rescued dendritic growth in the presence of CSPGs. High-resolution confocal imaging revealed that the CSPG-enriched areas of the MZ spatially correspond with the areas of reduced dendritic density in the Reelin null (reeler) cortex compared with controls. Chondroitinase injections into reeler explants resulted in increased dendritic growth into the MZ, recovering to near wild-type levels. Activation of the serine threonine kinase Akt is required for Reelin-dependent dendritic growth and we find that CSPGs induce Akt dephosphorylation, an effect that can be counteracted by Reelin addition. In contrast, CSPG application had no effect on the cytoplasmic adaptor Dab1, which is rapidly phosphorylated in response to Reelin and is upstream of Akt. These findings suggest CSPGs do inhibit cortical dendritic growth, but this effect can be counteracted by Reelin signaling.
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18
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Wang D, Qian X, Sanchez-Solana B, Tripathi BK, Durkin ME, Lowy DR. Cancer-Associated Point Mutations in the DLC1 Tumor Suppressor and Other Rho-GAPs Occur Frequently and Are Associated with Decreased Function. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3568-3579. [PMID: 32606003 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In advanced cancer, the RHOA GTPase is often active together with reduced expression of genes encoding Rho-specific GTPase-accelerating proteins (Rho-GAP), which negatively regulate RHOA and related GTPases. Here we used the The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset to examine 12 tumor types (including colon, breast, prostate, pancreas, lung adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma) for the frequency of codon mutations of 10 Rho-GAP and experimentally tested biochemical and biological consequences for cancer-associated mutants that arose in the DLC1 tumor suppressor gene. DLC1 was the Rho-GAP gene mutated most frequently, with 5%-8% of tumors in five of the tumor types evaluated having DLC1 missense mutations. Furthermore, 20%-26% of the tumors in four of these five tumor types harbored missense mutations in at least one of the 10 Rho-GAPs. Experimental analysis of the DLC1 mutants indicated 7 of 9 mutants whose lesions were located in the Rho-GAP domain were deficient for Rho-GAP activity and for suppressing cell migration and anchorage-independent growth. Analysis of a DLC1 linker region mutant and a START domain mutant showed each was deficient for suppressing migration and growth in agar, but their Rho-GAP activity was similar to that of wild-type DLC1. Compared with the wild-type, the linker region mutant bound 14-3-3 proteins less efficiently, while the START domain mutant displayed reduced binding to Caveolin-1. Thus, mutation of Rho-GAP genes occurs frequently in some cancer types and the majority of cancer-associated DLC1 mutants evaluated were deficient biologically, with various mechanisms contributing to their reduced activity. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings indicate that point mutation of Rho-GAP genes is unexpectedly frequent in several cancer types, with DLC1 mutants exhibiting reduced function by various mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunrui Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xiaolan Qian
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Beatriz Sanchez-Solana
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Brajendra K Tripathi
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marian E Durkin
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Douglas R Lowy
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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19
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Yang X, Hu F, Liu JA, Yu S, Cheung MPL, Liu X, Ng IOL, Guan XY, Wong KKW, Sharma R, Lung HL, Jiao Y, Lee LTO, Cheung M. Nuclear DLC1 exerts oncogenic function through association with FOXK1 for cooperative activation of MMP9 expression in melanoma. Oncogene 2020; 39:4061-4076. [PMID: 32214200 PMCID: PMC7220869 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1274-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A Rho GTPase-activating protein (RhoGAP), deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1), is known to function as a tumor suppressor in various cancer types; however, whether DLC1 is a tumor-suppressor gene or an oncogene in melanoma remains to be clarified. Here we revealed that high DLC1 expression was detected in most of the melanoma tissues where it was localized in both the nuclei and the cytoplasm. Functional studies unveiled that DLC1 was both required and sufficient for melanoma growth and metastasis. These tumorigenic events were mediated by nuclear-localized DLC1 in a RhoGAP-independent manner. Mechanistically, mass spectrometry analysis identified a DLC1-associated protein, FOXK1 transcription factor, which mediated oncogenic events in melanoma by translocating and retaining DLC1 into the nucleus. RNA-sequencing profiling studies further revealed MMP9 as a direct target of FOXK1 through DLC1-regulated promoter occupancy for cooperative activation of MMP9 expression to promote melanoma invasion and metastasis. Concerted action of DLC1–FOXK1 in MMP9 gene regulation was further supported by their highly correlated expression in melanoma patients’ samples and cell lines. Together, our results not only unravel a mechanism by which nuclear DLC1 functions as an oncogene in melanoma but also suggest an unexpected role of RhoGAP protein in transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintao Yang
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Hu
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jessica Aijia Liu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shan Yu
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - May Pui Lai Cheung
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuelai Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Irene Oi-Lin Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research and Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kelvin K W Wong
- Centre for PanorOmic Sciences, Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- Centre for PanorOmic Sciences, Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong Lok Lung
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yufei Jiao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Leo Tsz On Lee
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.,Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Martin Cheung
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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20
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Dang Y, Jiang N, Wang H, Chen X, Gao Y, Zhang X, Qin G, Li Y, Chen R. Proto-Oncogene Serine/Threonine Kinase PIM3 Promotes Cell Migration via Modulating Rho GTPase Signaling. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:1298-1309. [PMID: 31994402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase PIM3 plays critical roles in cancer, and it has been extensively exploited as a drug target. Here, we investigated the quantitative changes in the cellular proteome and phosphoproteome in liver cancer cells overexpressing PIM3 to obtain a better understanding of the regulatory functions of PIM3 and the underlying molecular mechanisms. This work depicted the landscape of gene expression and protein phosphorylation potentially regulated by PIM3. A signaling network analysis showed that PIM3 may coordinate various cellular processes, for example, signal transduction, cell cycle, apoptosis, and so forth. Intriguingly, quantitative phosphoproteomics revealed that the PIM3 overexpression elevated the phosphorylation of multiple Rho GTPase modulators that target RhoA, a central modulator of cell movement. Further investigations confirmed that PIM3 activated RhoA to subsequently regulate cytoskeletal rearrangements and cell migration. Taken together, this study comprehensively mapped the proteome and phosphoproteome regulated by PIM3 and revealed its role in promoting liver cancer cell migration and invasion by modulating Rho GTPase signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Dang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xuechun Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guoxuan Qin
- School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yongmei Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ruibing Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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21
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Valmiki RR, Venkatesalu S, Chacko AG, Prabhu K, Thomas MM, Mathew V, Yoganathan S, Muthusamy K, Chacko G, Vanjare HA, Krothapalli SB. Phosphoproteomic analysis reveals Akt isoform-specific regulation of cytoskeleton proteins in human temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis. Neurochem Int 2019; 134:104654. [PMID: 31884041 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Akt is one of the most important downstream effectors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mTOR pathway. Hyperactivation and expression of this pathway are seen in a variety of neurological disorders including human temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS). Nevertheless, the expression and activation profiles of the Akt isoforms, Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3 and their functional roles in human TLE-HS have not been studied. We examined the protein expression and activation (phosphorylation) patterns of Akt and its isoforms in human hippocampal tissue from TLE and non-TLE patients. A phosphoproteomic approach followed by interactome analysis of each Akt isoform was used to understand protein-protein interactions and their role in TLE-HS pathology. Our results demonstrated activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway as well as activation of Akt downstream substrates like GSK3β, mTOR, and S6 in TLE-HS samples. Akt1 isoform levels were significantly increased in the TLE-HS samples as compared to the non-TLE samples. Most importantly, different isoforms were activated in different TLE-HS samples, Akt2 was activated in three samples, Akt2 and Akt1 were simultaneously activated in one sample and Akt3 was activated in two samples. Our phosphoproteomic screen across six TLE-HS samples identified 183 proteins phosphorylated by Akt isoforms, 29 of these proteins belong to cytoskeletal modification. Also, we were able to identify proteins of several other classes involved in glycolysis, neuronal development, protein folding and excitatory amino acid transport functions as Akt substrates. Taken together, our data offer clues to understand the role of Akt and its isoforms in underlying the pathology of TLE-HS and further, modulation of Akt/mTOR pathway using Akt isoforms specific inhibitors may offer a new therapeutic window for treatment of human TLE-HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Ramanna Valmiki
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Subhashini Venkatesalu
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ari George Chacko
- Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Krishna Prabhu
- Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Maya Mary Thomas
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Vivek Mathew
- Neurology, Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sangeetha Yoganathan
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Karthik Muthusamy
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Geeta Chacko
- Neuropathology, Department of General Pathology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Srinivasa Babu Krothapalli
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, Tamilnadu, India
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22
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Joshi R, Qin L, Cao X, Zhong S, Voss C, Min W, Li SSC. DLC1 SAM domain-binding peptides inhibit cancer cell growth and migration by inactivating RhoA. J Biol Chem 2019; 295:645-656. [PMID: 31806702 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Deleted-in-liver cancer 1 (DLC1) exerts its tumor suppressive function mainly through the Rho-GTPase-activating protein (RhoGAP) domain. When activated, the domain promotes the hydrolysis of RhoA-GTP, leading to reduced cell migration. DLC1 is kept in an inactive state by an intramolecular interaction between its RhoGAP domain and the DLC1 sterile α motif (SAM) domain. We have shown previously that this autoinhibited state of DLC1 may be alleviated by tensin-3 (TNS3) or PTEN. We show here that the TNS3/PTEN-DLC1 interactions are mediated by the C2 domains of the former and the SAM domain of the latter. Intriguingly, the DLC1 SAM domain was capable of binding to specific peptide motifs within the C2 domains. Indeed, peptides containing the binding motifs were highly effective in blocking the C2-SAM domain-domain interaction. Importantly, when fused to the tat protein-transduction sequence and subsequently introduced into cells, the C2 peptides potently promoted the RhoGAP function in DLC1, leading to decreased RhoA activation and reduced tumor cell growth in soft agar and migration in response to growth factor stimulation. To facilitate the development of the C2 peptides as potential therapeutic agents, we created a cyclic version of the TNS3 C2 domain-derived peptide and showed that this peptide readily entered the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and effectively inhibited their migration. Our work shows, for the first time, that the SAM domain is a peptide-binding module and establishes the framework on which to explore DLC1 SAM domain-binding peptides as potential therapeutic agents for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada; Departments of Surgery, Pathology and Oncology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5A5, Canada
| | - Lyugao Qin
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Xuan Cao
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shanshan Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Courtney Voss
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Weiping Min
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology and Oncology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5A5, Canada.
| | - Shawn S C Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada.
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23
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Zhang Y, Li G. A tumor suppressor DLC1: The functions and signal pathways. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4999-5007. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant, School of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan China
| | - Guorong Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant, School of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan China
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24
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Cooke M, Baker MJ, Kazanietz MG, Casado-Medrano V. PKCε regulates Rho GTPases and actin cytoskeleton reorganization in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Small GTPases 2019; 12:202-208. [PMID: 31648598 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2019.1684785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) promotes the formation of membrane ruffles and motility in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. We found that PKCε is down-regulated when NSCLC cells undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in response to TGF-β, thus becoming dispensable for migration and invasion in the mesenchymal state. PKCε silencing or inhibition leads to stress fibre formation, suggesting that this kinase negatively regulates RhoA activity. Ruffle formation induced by PKCε activation in the epithelial state is dependent on PI3K, but does not involve the PI3K-dependent Rac-GEFs Ect2, Trio, Vav2 or Tiam1, suggesting alternative Rac-GEFs as mediators of this response. In the proposed model, PKCε acts as a rheostat for Rho GTPases that differs in the epithelial and mesenchymal states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Cooke
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Martin J Baker
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marcelo G Kazanietz
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Victoria Casado-Medrano
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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25
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O'Donnell MA. Brajendra Tripathi: Keeping an eye out for translational research. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3161-3162. [PMID: 31515239 PMCID: PMC6781442 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201908117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripathi investigates how the tumor suppressor DLC1 is regulated by oncogenic kinases. Tripathi investigates how the tumor suppressor DLC1 is regulated by oncogenic kinases.
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26
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Gopal U, Mowery Y, Young K, Pizzo SV. Targeting cell surface GRP78 enhances pancreatic cancer radiosensitivity through YAP/TAZ protein signaling. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:13939-13952. [PMID: 31358620 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) can promote migration and invasion of cancer cells, but the basis for this phenomenon has not been fully elucidated. IR increases expression of glucose-regulated protein 78kDa (GRP78) on the surface of cancer cells (CS-GRP78), and this up-regulation is associated with more aggressive behavior, radioresistance, and recurrence of cancer. Here, using various biochemical and immunological methods, including flow cytometry, cell proliferation and migration assays, Rho activation and quantitative RT-PCR assays, we investigated the mechanism by which CS-GRP78 contributes to radioresistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. We found that activated α2-Macroglobulin (α2M*) a ligand of the CS-GRP78 receptor, induces formation of the AKT kinase (AKT)/DLC1 Rho-GTPase-activating protein (DLC1) complex and thereby increases Rho activation. Further, CS-GRP78 activated the transcriptional coactivators Yes-associated protein (YAP) and tafazzin (TAZ) in a Rho-dependent manner, promoting motility and invasiveness of PDAC cells. We observed that radiation-induced CS-GRP78 stimulates the nuclear accumulation of YAP/TAZ and increases YAP/TAZ target gene expressions. Remarkably, targeting CS-GRP78 with C38 monoclonal antibody (Mab) enhanced radiosensitivity and increased the efficacy of radiation therapy by curtailing PDAC cell motility and invasion. These findings reveal that CS-GRP78 acts upstream of YAP/TAZ signaling and promote migration and radiation-resistance in PDAC cells. We therefore conclude that, C38 Mab is a promising candidate for use in combination with radiation therapy to manage PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udhayakumar Gopal
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Yvonne Mowery
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Kenneth Young
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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27
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Tripathi BK, Anderman MF, Qian X, Zhou M, Wang D, Papageorge AG, Lowy DR. SRC and ERK cooperatively phosphorylate DLC1 and attenuate its Rho-GAP and tumor suppressor functions. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3060-3076. [PMID: 31308216 PMCID: PMC6719442 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201810098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DLC1 controls focal adhesion dynamics and other processes that suppress tumorigenesis; therefore, it is unclear why some cancers maintain high levels of DLC1. Tripathi et al. show that phosphorylation of DLC1 by SRC and ERK mitigates DLC1’s tumor suppressor activities but these can be reactivated by kinase inhibition as a potential cancer treatment. SRC and ERK kinases control many cell biological processes that promote tumorigenesis by altering the activity of oncogenic and tumor suppressor proteins. We identify here a physiological interaction between DLC1, a focal adhesion protein and tumor suppressor, with SRC and ERK. The tumor suppressor function of DLC1 is attenuated by phosphorylation of tyrosines Y451 and Y701 by SRC, which down-regulates DLC1’s tensin-binding and Rho-GAP activities. ERK1/2 phosphorylate DLC1 on serine S129, which increases both the binding of SRC to DLC1 and SRC-dependent phosphorylation of DLC1. SRC inhibitors exhibit potent antitumor activity in a DLC1-positive transgenic cancer model and a DLC1-positive tumor xenograft model, due to reactivation of the tumor suppressor activities of DLC1. Combined treatment of DLC1-positive tumors with SRC plus AKT inhibitors has even greater antitumor activity. Together, these findings indicate cooperation between the SRC, ERK1/2, and AKT kinases to reduce DLC1 Rho-GAP and tumor suppressor activities in cancer cells, which can be reactivated by the kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brajendra K Tripathi
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Meghan F Anderman
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Xiaolan Qian
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ming Zhou
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Dunrui Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alex G Papageorge
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Douglas R Lowy
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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28
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Burridge K, Monaghan-Benson E, Graham DM. Mechanotransduction: from the cell surface to the nucleus via RhoA. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180229. [PMID: 31431179 PMCID: PMC6627015 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells respond and adapt to their physical environments and to the mechanical forces that they experience. The translation of physical forces into biochemical signalling pathways is known as mechanotransduction. In this review, we focus on two aspects of mechanotransduction. First, we consider how forces exerted on cell adhesion molecules at the cell surface regulate the RhoA signalling pathway by controlling the activities of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase activating proteins (GAPs). In the second part of the review, we discuss how the nucleus contributes to mechanotransduction as a physical structure connected to the cytoskeleton. We focus on recent studies that have either severed the connections between the nucleus and the cytoskeleton, or that have entirely removed the nucleus from cells. These actions reduce the levels of active RhoA, thereby altering the mechanical properties of cells and decreasing their ability to generate tension and respond to external mechanical forces. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Forces in cancer: interdisciplinary approaches in tumour mechanobiology’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Burridge
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Elizabeth Monaghan-Benson
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David M Graham
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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29
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The knocking down of the oncoprotein Golgi phosphoprotein 3 in T98G cells of glioblastoma multiforme disrupts cell migration by affecting focal adhesion dynamics in a focal adhesion kinase-dependent manner. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212321. [PMID: 30779783 PMCID: PMC6380552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) is a conserved protein of the Golgi apparatus that in humans has been implicated in tumorigenesis. However, the precise function of GOLPH3 in malignant transformation is still unknown. Nevertheless, clinicopathological data shows that in more than a dozen kinds of cancer, including gliomas, GOLPH3 could be found overexpressed, which correlates with poor prognosis. Experimental data shows that overexpression of GOLPH3 leads to transformation of primary cells and to tumor growth enhancement. Conversely, the knocking down of GOLPH3 in GOLPH3-overexpressing tumor cells reduces tumorigenic features, such as cell proliferation and cell migration and invasion. The cumulative evidence indicate that GOLPH3 is an oncoprotein that promotes tumorigenicity by a mechanism that impact at different levels in different types of cells, including the sorting of Golgi glycosyltransferases, signaling pathways, and the actin cytoskeleton. How GOLPH3 connects mechanistically these processes has not been determined yet. Further studies are important to have a more complete understanding of the role of GOLPH3 as oncoprotein. Given the genetic diversity in cancer, a still outstanding aspect is how in this inherent heterogeneity GOLPH3 could possibly exert its oncogenic function. We have aimed to evaluate the contribution of GOLPH3 overexpression in the malignant phenotype of different types of tumor cells. Here, we analyzed the effect on cell migration that resulted from stable, RNAi-mediated knocking down of GOLPH3 in T98G cells of glioblastoma multiforme, a human glioma cell line with unique features. We found that the reduction of GOLPH3 levels produced dramatic changes in cell morphology, involving rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton and reduction in the number and dynamics of focal adhesions. These effects correlated with decreased cell migration and invasion due to affected persistence and directionality of cell motility. Moreover, the knocking down of GOLPH3 also caused a reduction in autoactivation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase that regulates focal adhesions. Our data support a model in which GOLPH3 in T98G cells promotes cell migration by stimulating the activity of FAK.
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