1
|
Seo D, Yue Y, Yamazaki S, Verhey KJ, Gammon DB. Poxvirus A51R Proteins Negatively Regulate Microtubule-Dependent Transport by Kinesin-1. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7825. [PMID: 39063067 PMCID: PMC11277487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Microtubule (MT)-dependent transport is a critical means of intracellular movement of cellular cargo by kinesin and dynein motors. MT-dependent transport is tightly regulated by cellular MT-associated proteins (MAPs) that directly bind to MTs and either promote or impede motor protein function. Viruses have been widely shown to usurp MT-dependent transport to facilitate their virion movement to sites of replication and/or for exit from the cell. However, it is unclear if viruses also negatively regulate MT-dependent transport. Using single-molecule motility and cellular transport assays, we show that the vaccinia virus (VV)-encoded MAP, A51R, inhibits kinesin-1-dependent transport along MTs in vitro and in cells. This inhibition is selective as the function of kinesin-3 is largely unaffected by VV A51R. Interestingly, we show that A51R promotes the perinuclear accumulation of cellular cargo transported by kinesin-1 such as lysosomes and mitochondria during infection. Moreover, A51R also regulates the release of specialized VV virions that exit the cell using kinesin-1-dependent movement. Using a fluorescently tagged rigor mutant of kinesin-1, we show that these motors accumulate on A51R-stabilized MTs, suggesting these stabilized MTs may form a "kinesin-1 sink" to regulate MT-dependent transport in the cell. Collectively, our findings uncover a new mechanism by which viruses regulate host cytoskeletal processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dahee Seo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yang Yue
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shin Yamazaki
- Department of Neuroscience and Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kristen J. Verhey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Don B. Gammon
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liang X, Agulto R, Eichel K, Taylor CA, Paat VA, Deng H, Ori-McKenney K, Shen K. CRMP/UNC-33 maintains neuronal microtubule arrays by promoting individual microtubule rescue. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.31.596870. [PMID: 38854103 PMCID: PMC11160792 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.31.596870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are intrinsically dynamic polymers. In neurons, staggered individual microtubules form stable, polarized acentrosomal MT arrays spanning the axon and dendrite to support long-distance intracellular transport. How the stability and polarity of these arrays are maintained when individual MTs remain highly dynamic is still an open question. Here we visualize MT arrays in vivo in C. elegans neurons with single microtubule resolution. We find that the CRMP family homolog, UNC-33, is essential for the stability and polarity of MT arrays in neurites. In unc-33 mutants, MTs exhibit dramatically reduced rescue after catastrophe, develop gaps in coverage, and lose their polarity, leading to trafficking defects. UNC-33 is stably anchored on the cortical cytoskeleton and forms patch-like structures along the dendritic shaft. These discrete and stable UNC-33 patches concentrate free tubulins and correlate with MT rescue sites. In vitro , purified UNC-33 preferentially associates with MT tips and increases MT rescue frequency. Together, we propose that UNC-33 functions as a microtubule-associated protein (MAP) to promote individual MT rescue locally. Through this activity, UNC-33 prevents the loss of individual MTs, thereby maintaining the coverage and polarity of MT arrays throughout the lifetime of neurons.
Collapse
|
3
|
Nunes M, Bartosch C, Abreu MH, Richardson A, Almeida R, Ricardo S. Deciphering the Molecular Mechanisms behind Drug Resistance in Ovarian Cancer to Unlock Efficient Treatment Options. Cells 2024; 13:786. [PMID: 38727322 PMCID: PMC11083313 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a highly lethal form of gynecological cancer. This disease often goes undetected until advanced stages, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates. Unfortunately, many patients experience relapse and succumb to the disease due to the emergence of drug resistance that significantly limits the effectiveness of currently available oncological treatments. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms responsible for resistance to carboplatin, paclitaxel, polyadenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase inhibitors, and bevacizumab in ovarian cancer. We present a detailed analysis of the most extensively investigated resistance mechanisms, including drug inactivation, drug target alterations, enhanced drug efflux pumps, increased DNA damage repair capacity, and reduced drug absorption/accumulation. The in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with drug resistance is crucial to unveil new biomarkers capable of predicting and monitoring the kinetics during disease progression and discovering new therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Nunes
- Differentiation and Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.N.); (R.A.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Bartosch
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (PCCC), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.B.); (M.H.A.)
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPO-Porto), Health Research Network (RISE@CI-IPO-Porto), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Henriques Abreu
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (PCCC), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.B.); (M.H.A.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alan Richardson
- The School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, Staffordshire, UK;
| | - Raquel Almeida
- Differentiation and Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.N.); (R.A.)
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (FCUP), 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Sara Ricardo
- Differentiation and Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.N.); (R.A.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Toxicologic Pathology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu W, Fu Y, Wang M, Zhao J, Chen J, Wang Y, Qin H. A preliminary study on the mechanism of VASH2 in childhood medulloblastoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17153. [PMID: 37821528 PMCID: PMC10567924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42869-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To study the differences in VASH2 expression in pediatric medulloblastoma (MB) tumor tissues of different molecular subtypes, to analyze the correlation between VASH2 and the molecular subtypes of medulloblastoma, clinicopathological data, and prognosis, and to explore the specific mechanism of VASH2's role in SHH medulloblastoma cell lines DAOY. We analyzed 47 pediatric medulloblastoma cases admitted to the Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2011 to December 2019, and the expression levels of YAP1 and GAB1 in these tumor tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and molecularly typed (WNT-type, SHH-type, and non-WNT/SHH-type). The correlation between VASH2 and molecular typing of medulloblastoma was analyzed. We also analyzed the medulloblastoma dataset in the GEO database (GSE30074 and GSE202043) to explore the correlation between VASH2 and the prognosis of medulloblastoma patients, as well as performed a comprehensive GO enrichment analysis specifically for the VASH2 gene to reveal the underlying biological pathways of its complex molecular profile. We used vasopressin 2 (VASH2) as a research target and overexpressed and knocked down VASH2 in SHH medulloblastoma cell lines DAOY by lentiviral vectors in vitro, respectively, to investigate its role in SHH medulloblastoma cell lines DAOY cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and biological roles in the cell cycle. (1) Among 47 pediatric medulloblastoma cases, 8 were WNT type, 29 were SHH type, and 10 were non-WNT/SHH type. the positive rate of VASH2 was highest in the SHH type with a 68.97% positive rate, followed by non-WNT/SHH and lowest in the WNT type. The results of the multifactorial analysis showed that positive expression of VASH2 was associated with medulloblastoma molecular subtype (SHH type), site of tumor development (four ventricles), and gender (male), P < 0.05. (2) The results of cellular experiments showed that overexpression of VASH2 increased the invasion and migration ability of medulloblast Daoy, while knockdown of VASH2 inhibited the invasion and Overexpression of VASH2 upregulated the expression of Smad2 + 3, Smad4, Mmp2 and the apoptotic indicators Bcl-2 and Caspase3, while knockdown of VASH2 suppressed the expression of Smad2 + 3 and Mmp2, and silenced the expression of Smad4 and the apoptotic indicators Bcl2, Caspase3 expression. Flow cytometric cycle analysis showed that VASH2 overexpression increased the S phase in the Daoy cell cycle, while VASH2 knockdown decreased the S phase in the SHH medulloblastoma cell lines DAOY cell cycle. Bioinformatics analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the expression of VASH2 genes in the GSE30074 and GSE202043 datasets and the prognosis of the patients, but the results of this dataset analysis suggested that we need to continue to expand the sample size of the study in the future. The results of the GO enrichment analysis showed that the angiogenic pathway was the most significantly enriched, and the PPI interactions network of VASH2 was obtained from the STRING database. Using the STRING database, we obtained the PPI interaction network of VASH2, and the KEGG enrichment analysis of VASH2-related genes showed that VASH2-related genes were related to the apoptosis pathway, and therefore it was inferred that VASH2 also affects the development of tumors through apoptosis. We found for the first time that the positive expression rate of VASH2 was closely associated with SHH-type pediatric medulloblastoma and that VASH2 was involved in the invasion, migration, cell cycle, and apoptotic capacity of SHH medulloblastoma cell lines DAOY by affecting downstream indicators of the TGF-β pathway. This suggests that it is involved in the progression of pediatric medulloblastoma, and VASH2 is expected to be a diagnostic and therapeutic target for SHH-type pediatric medulloblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yinan Fu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Junhong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Julin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yongxin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
- Xinjiang Institute of Neurosurgery, Urumqi, China.
| | - Hu Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
- Xinjiang Institute of Neurosurgery, Urumqi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rodrigues-Ferreira S, Morin M, Guichaoua G, Moindjie H, Haykal MM, Collier O, Stoven V, Nahmias C. A Network of 17 Microtubule-Related Genes Highlights Functional Deregulations in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4870. [PMID: 37835564 PMCID: PMC10571893 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide panel of microtubule-associated proteins and kinases is involved in coordinated regulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton and may thus represent valuable molecular markers contributing to major cellular pathways deregulated in cancer. We previously identified a panel of 17 microtubule-related (MT-Rel) genes that are differentially expressed in breast tumors showing resistance to taxane-based chemotherapy. In the present study, we evaluated the expression, prognostic value and functional impact of these genes in breast cancer. We show that 14 MT-Rel genes (KIF4A, ASPM, KIF20A, KIF14, TPX2, KIF18B, KIFC1, AURKB, KIF2C, GTSE1, KIF15, KIF11, RACGAP1, STMN1) are up-regulated in breast tumors compared with adjacent normal tissue. Six of them (KIF4A, ASPM, KIF20A, KIF14, TPX2, KIF18B) are overexpressed by more than 10-fold in tumor samples and four of them (KIF11, AURKB, TPX2 and KIFC1) are essential for cell survival. Overexpression of all 14 genes, and underexpression of 3 other MT-Rel genes (MAST4, MAPT and MTUS1) are associated with poor breast cancer patient survival. A Systems Biology approach highlighted three major functional networks connecting the 17 MT-Rel genes and their partners, which are centered on spindle assembly, chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. Our studies identified mitotic Aurora kinases and their substrates as major targets for therapeutic approaches against breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Rodrigues-Ferreira
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (S.R.-F.); (M.M.); (H.M.); (M.M.H.)
- INSERM U981, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94800 Villejuif, France
- Inovarion, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Morgane Morin
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (S.R.-F.); (M.M.); (H.M.); (M.M.H.)
- INSERM U981, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Gwenn Guichaoua
- CBIO (Centre de Bioinformatique), Mines Paris-PSL, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France;
- INSERM U900, Institut Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Hadia Moindjie
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (S.R.-F.); (M.M.); (H.M.); (M.M.H.)
- INSERM U981, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Maria M. Haykal
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (S.R.-F.); (M.M.); (H.M.); (M.M.H.)
- INSERM U981, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Olivier Collier
- MODAL’X, UPL, Université Paris Nanterre, CNRS, F-92000 Nanterre, France;
| | - Véronique Stoven
- CBIO (Centre de Bioinformatique), Mines Paris-PSL, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France;
- INSERM U900, Institut Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Clara Nahmias
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (S.R.-F.); (M.M.); (H.M.); (M.M.H.)
- INSERM U981, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nishida K, Matsumura K, Tamura M, Nakamichi T, Shimamori K, Kuragano M, Kabir AMR, Kakugo A, Kotani S, Nishishita N, Tokuraku K. Effects of three microtubule-associated proteins (MAP2, MAP4, and Tau) on microtubules' physical properties and neurite morphology. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8870. [PMID: 37258650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The physical properties of cytoskeletal microtubules have a multifaceted effect on the expression of their cellular functions. A superfamily of microtubule-associated proteins, MAP2, MAP4, and tau, promote the polymerization of microtubules, stabilize the formed microtubules, and affect the physical properties of microtubules. Here, we show differences in the effects of these three MAPs on the physical properties of microtubules. When microtubule-binding domain fragments of MAP2, tau, and three MAP4 isoforms were added to microtubules in vitro and observed by fluorescence microscopy, tau-bound microtubules showed a straighter morphology than the microtubules bound by MAP2 and the three MAP4 isoforms. Flexural rigidity was evaluated by the shape of the teardrop pattern formed when microtubules were placed in a hydrodynamic flow, revealing that tau-bound microtubules were the least flexible. When full-length MAPs fused with EGFP were expressed in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells, the microtubules in apical regions of protrusions expressing tau were straighter than in cells expressing MAP2 and MAP4. On the other hand, the protrusions of tau-expressing cells had the fewest branches. These results suggest that the properties of microtubules, which are regulated by MAPs, contribute to the morphogenesis of neurites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Nishida
- Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, 050-8585, Japan
| | - Kosuke Matsumura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, 050-8585, Japan
| | - Miki Tamura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, 050-8585, Japan
| | - Takuto Nakamichi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, 050-8585, Japan
| | - Keiya Shimamori
- Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, 050-8585, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kuragano
- Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, 050-8585, Japan
| | | | - Akira Kakugo
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Susumu Kotani
- Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, 221-8686, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishishita
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Laboratories, Kaneka Corporation, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Tokuraku
- Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, 050-8585, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Iwanski MK, Kapitein LC. Cellular cartography: Towards an atlas of the neuronal microtubule cytoskeleton. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1052245. [PMID: 37035244 PMCID: PMC10073685 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1052245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules, one of the major components of the cytoskeleton, play a crucial role during many aspects of neuronal development and function, such as neuronal polarization and axon outgrowth. Consequently, the microtubule cytoskeleton has been implicated in many neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. The polar nature of microtubules is quintessential for their function, allowing them to serve as tracks for long-distance, directed intracellular transport by kinesin and dynein motors. Most of these motors move exclusively towards either the plus- or minus-end of a microtubule and some have been shown to have a preference for either dynamic or stable microtubules, those bearing a particular post-translational modification or those decorated by a specific microtubule-associated protein. Thus, it becomes important to consider the interplay of these features and their combinatorial effects on transport, as well as how different types of microtubules are organized in the cell. Here, we discuss microtubule subsets in terms of tubulin isotypes, tubulin post-translational modifications, microtubule-associated proteins, microtubule stability or dynamicity, and microtubule orientation. We highlight techniques used to study these features of the microtubule cytoskeleton and, using the information from these studies, try to define the composition, role, and organization of some of these subsets in neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lukas C. Kapitein
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lucas L, Cooper TA. Insights into Cell-Specific Functions of Microtubules in Skeletal Muscle Development and Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032903. [PMID: 36769228 PMCID: PMC9917663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The contractile cells of skeletal muscles, called myofibers, are elongated multinucleated syncytia formed and maintained by the fusion of proliferative myoblasts. Human myofibers can be hundreds of microns in diameter and millimeters in length. Myofibers are non-mitotic, obviating the need for microtubules in cell division. However, microtubules have been adapted to the unique needs of these cells and are critical for myofiber development and function. Microtubules in mature myofibers are highly dynamic, and studies in several experimental systems have demonstrated the requirements for microtubules in the unique features of muscle biology including myoblast fusion, peripheral localization of nuclei, assembly of the sarcomere, transport and signaling. Microtubule-binding proteins have also been adapted to the needs of the skeletal muscle including the expression of skeletal muscle-specific protein isoforms generated by alternative splicing. Here, we will outline the different roles microtubules play in skeletal muscle cells, describe how microtubule abnormalities can lead to muscle disease and discuss the broader implications for microtubule function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lathan Lucas
- Chemical, Physical, Structural Biology Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Thomas A. Cooper
- Chemical, Physical, Structural Biology Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mehta V, Decan N, Ooi S, Gaudreau-Lapierre A, Copeland JW, Trinkle-Mulcahy L. SPECC1L binds the myosin phosphatase complex MYPT1/PP1β and can regulate its distribution between microtubules and filamentous actin. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102893. [PMID: 36634848 PMCID: PMC9929477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The subcellular localization, activity , and substrate specificity of the serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit (PP1cat) is mediated through its dynamic association with regulatory subunits in holoenzyme complexes. While some functional overlap is observed for the three human PP1cat isoforms, they also show distinct targeting based on relative preferences for specific regulatory subunits. A well-known example is the preferential association of MYPT1 with PP1β in the myosin phosphatase complex. In smooth muscle, MYPT1/PP1β counteracts the muscle contraction induced by phosphorylation of the light chains of myosin by the myosin light chain kinase. This phosphatase complex is also found in nonmuscle cells, where it is targeted to both myosin and nonmyosin substrates and contributes to regulation of the balance of cytoskeletal structure and motility during cell migration and division. Although it remains unclear how MYPT1/PP1β traffics between microtubule- and actin-associated substrates, our identification of the microtubule- and actin-binding protein SPECC1L in both the PP1β and MYPT1 interactomes suggests that it is the missing link. Our validation of their association using coimmunoprecipitation and proximity biotinylation assays, together with the strong overlap that we observed for the SPECC1L and MYPT1 interactomes, confirmed that they exist in a stable complex in the cell. We further showed that SPECC1L binds MYPT1 directly and that it can impact the balance of the distribution of the MYPT1/PP1β complex between the microtubule and filamentous actin networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virja Mehta
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Canada,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Nathalie Decan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Canada,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sarah Ooi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Canada,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Antoine Gaudreau-Lapierre
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Canada,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - John W. Copeland
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Laura Trinkle-Mulcahy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The ubiquitous microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4) controls organelle distribution by regulating the activity of the kinesin motor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2206677119. [PMID: 36191197 PMCID: PMC9565364 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2206677119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of organelle transport by molecular motors along the cytoskeletal microtubules is central to maintaining cellular functions. Here, we show that the ubiquitous tau-related microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4) can bias the bidirectional transport of organelles toward the microtubule minus-ends. This is concurrent with MAP4 phosphorylation, mediated by the kinase GSK3β. We demonstrate that MAP4 achieves this bias by tethering the cargo to the microtubules, allowing it to impair the force generation of the plus-end motor kinesin-1. Consistent with this mechanism, MAP4 physically interacts with dynein and dynactin and, when phosphorylated, associates with the cargo-motor complex through its projection domain. Its phosphorylation coincides with the perinuclear accumulation of organelles, a phenotype that is rescued by abolishing the cargo-microtubule MAP4 tether or by the pharmacological inhibition of dynein, confirming the ability of kinesin to inch along, albeit inefficiently, in the presence of phosphorylated MAP4. These findings have broad biological significance because of the ubiquity of MAP4 and the involvement of GSK3β in multiple diseases, more specifically in cancer, where the MAP4-dependent redistribution of organelles may be prevalent in cancer cells, as we demonstrate here for mitochondria in lung carcinoma epithelial cells.
Collapse
|
11
|
Siahaan V, Tan R, Humhalova T, Libusova L, Lacey SE, Tan T, Dacy M, Ori-McKenney KM, McKenney RJ, Braun M, Lansky Z. Microtubule lattice spacing governs cohesive envelope formation of tau family proteins. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:1224-1235. [PMID: 35996000 PMCID: PMC9613621 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Tau is an intrinsically disordered microtubule-associated protein (MAP) implicated in neurodegenerative disease. On microtubules, tau molecules segregate into two kinetically distinct phases, consisting of either independently diffusing molecules or interacting molecules that form cohesive 'envelopes' around microtubules. Envelopes differentially regulate lattice accessibility for other MAPs, but the mechanism of envelope formation remains unclear. Here we find that tau envelopes form cooperatively, locally altering the spacing of tubulin dimers within the microtubule lattice. Envelope formation compacted the underlying lattice, whereas lattice extension induced tau envelope disassembly. Investigating other members of the tau family, we find that MAP2 similarly forms envelopes governed by lattice spacing, whereas MAP4 cannot. Envelopes differentially biased motor protein movement, suggesting that tau family members could spatially divide the microtubule surface into functionally distinct regions. We conclude that the interdependent allostery between lattice spacing and cooperative envelope formation provides the molecular basis for spatial regulation of microtubule-based processes by tau and MAP2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Siahaan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prague West, Czech Republic
| | - Ruensern Tan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tereza Humhalova
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Libusova
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Samuel E Lacey
- Structural Studies Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.,Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
| | - Tracy Tan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mariah Dacy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Richard J McKenney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Marcus Braun
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prague West, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdenek Lansky
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prague West, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Heart disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. With the advancement of modern technology, the role(s) of microtubules in the pathogenesis of heart disease has become increasingly apparent, though currently there are limited treatments targeting microtubule-relevant mechanisms. Here, we review the functions of microtubules in the cardiovascular system and their specific adaptive and pathological phenotypes in cardiac disorders. We further explore the use of microtubule-targeting drugs and highlight promising druggable therapeutic targets for the future treatment of heart diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Warner
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, United Kingdom (E.F.W., X.L.)
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China (Y.L.)
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, United Kingdom (E.F.W., X.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ferro LS, Fang Q, Eshun-Wilson L, Fernandes J, Jack A, Farrell DP, Golcuk M, Huijben T, Costa K, Gur M, DiMaio F, Nogales E, Yildiz A. Structural and functional insight into regulation of kinesin-1 by microtubule-associated protein MAP7. Science 2022; 375:326-331. [PMID: 35050657 PMCID: PMC8985661 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf6154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule (MT)-associated protein 7 (MAP7) is a required cofactor for kinesin-1-driven transport of intracellular cargoes. Using cryo-electron microscopy and single-molecule imaging, we investigated how MAP7 binds MTs and facilitates kinesin-1 motility. The MT-binding domain (MTBD) of MAP7 bound MTs as an extended α helix between the protofilament ridge and the site of lateral contact. Unexpectedly, the MTBD partially overlapped with the binding site of kinesin-1 and inhibited its motility. However, by tethering kinesin-1 to the MT, the projection domain of MAP7 prevented dissociation of the motor and facilitated its binding to available neighboring sites. The inhibitory effect of the MTBD dominated as MTs became saturated with MAP7. Our results reveal biphasic regulation of kinesin-1 by MAP7 in the context of their competitive binding to MTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke S Ferro
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley CA, USA
| | - Qianglin Fang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley CA, USA
| | - Lisa Eshun-Wilson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley CA, USA
| | | | - Amanda Jack
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley CA, USA
| | - Daniel P Farrell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mert Golcuk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Teun Huijben
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | | | - Mert Gur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Frank DiMaio
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eva Nogales
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley CA, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase MD, USA
| | - Ahmet Yildiz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley CA, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley CA, USA
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kuzmić M, Linares GC, Fialová JL, Iv F, Salaün D, Llewellyn A, Gomes M, Belhabib M, Liu Y, Asano K, Rodrigues M, Isnardon D, Tachibana T, Koenderink GH, Badache A, Mavrakis M, Verdier-Pinard P. Septin-microtubule association via a motif unique to the isoform 1 of septin 9 tunes stress fibers. J Cell Sci 2021; 135:273936. [PMID: 34854883 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Septins, a family of GTP-binding proteins assembling into higher order structures, interface with the membrane, actin filaments and microtubules, which positions them as important regulators of cytoarchitecture. Septin 9 (SEPT9), which is frequently overexpressed in tumors and mutated in hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy (HNA), mediates the binding of septins to microtubules, but the molecular determinants of this interaction remained uncertain. We demonstrate that a short MAP-like motif unique to SEPT9 isoform 1 (SEPT9_i1) drives septin octamer-microtubule interaction in cells and in vitro reconstitutions. Septin-microtubule association requires polymerizable septin octamers harboring SEPT9_i1. Although outside of the MAP-like motif, HNA mutations abrogates this association, identifying a putative regulatory domain. Removal of this domain from SEPT9_i1 sequesters septins on microtubules, promotes microtubule stability and alters actomyosin fiber distribution and tension. Thus, we identify key molecular determinants and potential regulatory roles of septin-microtubule interaction, paving the way to deciphering the mechanisms underlying septin-associated pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mira Kuzmić
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Gerard Castro Linares
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jindřiška Leischner Fialová
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, 13009 Marseille, France.,Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - François Iv
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS UMR7249, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Danièle Salaün
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Alex Llewellyn
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS UMR7249, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Maxime Gomes
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS UMR7249, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Mayssa Belhabib
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS UMR7249, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Yuxiang Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Asano
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Magda Rodrigues
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Isnardon
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Taro Tachibana
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan.,Cell Engineering Corporation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Gijsje H Koenderink
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Badache
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Manos Mavrakis
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS UMR7249, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Verdier-Pinard
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, 13009 Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Denarier E, Ecklund KH, Berthier G, Favier A, O'Toole ET, Gory-Fauré S, De Macedo L, Delphin C, Andrieux A, Markus SM, Boscheron C. Modeling a disease-correlated tubulin mutation in budding yeast reveals insight into MAP-mediated dynein function. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:ar10. [PMID: 34379441 PMCID: PMC8684761 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-05-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the genes that encode α- and β-tubulin underlie many neurological diseases, most notably malformations in cortical development. In addition to revealing the molecular basis for disease etiology, studying such mutations can provide insight into microtubule function and the role of the large family of microtubule effectors. In this study, we use budding yeast to model one such mutation—Gly436Arg in α-tubulin, which is causative of malformations in cortical development—in order to understand how it impacts microtubule function in a simple eukaryotic system. Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo methodologies, including live cell imaging and electron tomography, we find that the mutant tubulin is incorporated into microtubules, causes a shift in α-tubulin isotype usage, and dramatically enhances dynein activity, which leads to spindle-positioning defects. We find that the basis for the latter phenotype is an impaired interaction between She1—a dynein inhibitor—and the mutant microtubules. In addition to revealing the natural balance of α-tubulin isotype utilization in cells, our results provide evidence of an impaired interaction between microtubules and a dynein regulator as a consequence of a tubulin mutation and sheds light on a mechanism that may be causative of neurodevelopmental diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Denarier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, GIN, IBS, Inserm, IRIG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - K H Ecklund
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - G Berthier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, GIN, IBS, Inserm, IRIG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Favier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, GIN, IBS, Inserm, IRIG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - E T O'Toole
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - S Gory-Fauré
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, GIN, IBS, Inserm, IRIG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - L De Macedo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, GIN, IBS, Inserm, IRIG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - C Delphin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, GIN, IBS, Inserm, IRIG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Andrieux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, GIN, IBS, Inserm, IRIG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - S M Markus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - C Boscheron
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, GIN, IBS, Inserm, IRIG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yu X, Chen X, Amrute-Nayak M, Allgeyer E, Zhao A, Chenoweth H, Clement M, Harrison J, Doreth C, Sirinakis G, Krieg T, Zhou H, Huang H, Tokuraku K, St Johnston D, Mallat Z, Li X. MARK4 controls ischaemic heart failure through microtubule detyrosination. Nature 2021; 594:560-565. [PMID: 34040253 PMCID: PMC7612144 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03573-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is a major cause of premature death in adults. Compromised cardiac function after myocardial infarction leads to chronic heart failure with systemic health complications and a high mortality rate1. Effective therapeutic strategies are needed to improve the recovery of cardiac function after myocardial infarction. More specifically, there is a major unmet need for a new class of drugs that can improve cardiomyocyte contractility, because inotropic therapies that are currently available have been associated with high morbidity and mortality in patients with systolic heart failure2,3 or have shown a very modest reduction of risk of heart failure4. Microtubule detyrosination is emerging as an important mechanism for the regulation of cardiomyocyte contractility5. Here we show that deficiency of microtubule-affinity regulating kinase 4 (MARK4) substantially limits the reduction in the left ventricular ejection fraction after acute myocardial infarction in mice, without affecting infarct size or cardiac remodelling. Mechanistically, we provide evidence that MARK4 regulates cardiomyocyte contractility by promoting phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4), which facilitates the access of vasohibin 2 (VASH2)-a tubulin carboxypeptidase-to microtubules for the detyrosination of α-tubulin. Our results show how the detyrosination of microtubules in cardiomyocytes is finely tuned by MARK4 to regulate cardiac inotropy, and identify MARK4 as a promising therapeutic target for improving cardiac function after myocardial infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Yu
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Cambridge, Level 5, Box 157, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK, CB2 0QQ
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, 430030
| | - Mamta Amrute-Nayak
- Department of Molecular and Cell physiology, Hannover Medical School, OE4210, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Edward Allgeyer
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK, CB2 1QN
| | - Aite Zhao
- College of Computer Science and Technology, QingDao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Shinan District, Shandong, China, 266071
| | - Hannah Chenoweth
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Cambridge, Level 5, Box 157, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK, CB2 0QQ
| | - Marc Clement
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Cambridge, Level 5, Box 157, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK, CB2 0QQ
| | - James Harrison
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Cambridge, Level 5, Box 157, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK, CB2 0QQ
| | - Christian Doreth
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Cambridge, Level 5, Box 157, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK, CB2 0QQ
| | - George Sirinakis
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK, CB2 1QN
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics Division, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK, CB2 0QQ
| | - Huiyu Zhou
- School of Informatics, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, UK, LE1 7RH
| | - Hongda Huang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China, 518055
| | - Kiyotaka Tokuraku
- Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto-cho, Muroran 050-8585, Japan
| | - Daniel St Johnston
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK, CB2 1QN
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Cambridge, Level 5, Box 157, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK, CB2 0QQ,Université de Paris, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U970, PARCC, Paris, France
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Das T, Anand U, Pandey SK, Ashby CR, Assaraf YG, Chen ZS, Dey A. Therapeutic strategies to overcome taxane resistance in cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 55:100754. [PMID: 33691261 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the primary causes of attenuated or loss of efficacy of cancer chemotherapy is the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR). Numerous studies have been published regarding potential approaches to reverse resistance to taxanes, including paclitaxel (PTX) and docetaxel, which represent one of the most important classes of anticancer drugs. Since 1984, following the FDA approval of paclitaxel for the treatment of advanced ovarian carcinoma, taxanes have been extensively used as drugs that target tumor microtubules. Taxanes, have been shown to affect an array of oncogenic signaling pathways and have potent cytotoxic efficacy. However, the clinical success of these drugs has been restricted by the emergence of cancer cell resistance, primarily caused by the overexpression of MDR efflux transporters or by microtubule alterations. In vitro and in vivo studies indicate that the mechanisms underlying the resistance to PTX and docetaxel are primarily due to alterations in α-tubulin and β-tubulin. Moreover, resistance to PTX and docetaxel results from: 1) alterations in microtubule-protein interactions, including microtubule-associated protein 4, stathmin, centriole, cilia, spindle-associated protein, and kinesins; 2) alterations in the expression and activity of multidrug efflux transporters of the ABC superfamily including P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1); 3) overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins or inhibition of apoptotic proteins and tumor-suppressor proteins, as well as 4) modulation of signal transduction pathways associated with the activity of several cytokines, chemokines and transcription factors. In this review, we discuss the abovementioned molecular mechanisms and their role in mediating cancer chemoresistance to PTX and docetaxel. We provide a detailed analysis of both in vitro and in vivo experimental data and describe the application of these findings to therapeutic practice. The current review also discusses the efficacy of different pharmacological modulations to achieve reversal of PTX resistance. The therapeutic roles of several novel compounds, as well as herbal formulations, are also discussed. Among them, many structural derivatives had efficacy against the MDR phenotype by either suppressing MDR or increasing the cytotoxic efficacy compared to the parental drugs, or both. Natural products functioning as MDR chemosensitizers offer novel treatment strategies in patients with chemoresistant cancers by attenuating MDR and increasing chemotherapy efficacy. We broadly discuss the roles of inhibitors of P-gp and other efflux pumps, in the reversal of PTX and docetaxel resistance in cancer cells and the significance of using a nanomedicine delivery system in this context. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms mediating the reversal of drug resistance, combined with drug efficacy and the application of target-based inhibition or specific drug delivery, could signal a new era in modern medicine that would limit the pathological consequences of MDR in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuyelee Das
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Swaroop Kumar Pandey
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ahamad S, Kanipakam H, Kumar V, Gupta D. A molecular journey to check the conformational dynamics of tau tubulin kinase 2 mutations associated with Alzheimer's disease. RSC Adv 2021; 11:1320-1331. [PMID: 35424125 PMCID: PMC8693565 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07659g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins are one of the most vital components of biological functions. Proteins have evolutionarily conserved structures as the shape and folding pattern predominantly determine their function. Considerable research efforts have been made to study the protein folding mechanism. The misfolding of protein intermediates of large groups form polymers with unwanted aggregates that may initiate various diseases. Amongst the diseases caused by misfolding of proteins, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neuro-disorders which has a worldwide impact on human health. The disease is associated with several vital proteins and single amino acid mutations. Tau tubulin kinase 2 (TTBK2) is one of the kinases which is known to phosphorylate tau and tubulin. The literature strongly supports that the mutations-K50E, D163A, R181E, A184E and K143E are associated with multiple important cellular processes of TTBK2. In this study, to understand the molecular basis of the functional effects of the mutations, we have performed structural modeling for TTBK2 and its mutations, using computational prediction algorithms and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. The MD simulations highlighted the impact of the mutations on the Wild Type (WT) by the conformational dynamics, Free Energy Landscape (FEL) and internal molecular motions, indicating the structural de-stabilization which may lead to the disruption of its biological functions. The destabilizing effect of TTBK2 upon mutations provided valuable information about individuals carrying this mutant which could be used as a diagnostic marker in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahzaib Ahamad
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi 110067 India +919312304662 +91 1126742184
| | - Hema Kanipakam
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi 110067 India +919312304662 +91 1126742184
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology & Neurosciences, Amity University Noida UP India
| | - Dinesh Gupta
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi 110067 India +919312304662 +91 1126742184
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tubulin islands containing slowly hydrolyzable GTP analogs regulate the mechanism and kinetics of microtubule depolymerization. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13661. [PMID: 32788644 PMCID: PMC7423891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70602-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic instability of microtubules is characterized by stochastically alternating phases of growth and shrinkage and is hypothesized to be controlled by the conformation and nucleotide state of tubulin dimers within the microtubule lattice. Specifically, conformation changes (compression) in the tubulin dimer following the hydrolysis of GTP have been suggested to generate stress and drive depolymerization. In the present study, molecular dynamics simulations were used in tandem with in vitro experiments to investigate changes in depolymerization based on the presence of islands of uncompressed (GMPCPP) dimers in the microtubule lattice. Both methods revealed an exponential decay in the kinetic rate of depolymerization corresponding to the relative level of uncompressed (GMPCPP) dimers, beginning at approximately 20% incorporation. This slowdown was accompanied by a distinct morphological change from unpeeling "ram's horns" to blunt-ended dissociation at the microtubule end. Collectively these data demonstrated that islands of uncompressed dimers can alter the mechanism and kinetics of depolymerization in a manner consistent with promoting rescue events.
Collapse
|
20
|
Quintanilla RA, Tapia-Monsalves C, Vergara EH, Pérez MJ, Aranguiz A. Truncated Tau Induces Mitochondrial Transport Failure Through the Impairment of TRAK2 Protein and Bioenergetics Decline in Neuronal Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:175. [PMID: 32848607 PMCID: PMC7406829 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly specialized organelles essential for the synapse, and their impairment contributes to the neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previously, we studied the role of caspase-3-cleaved tau in mitochondrial dysfunction in AD. In neurons, the presence of this AD-relevant tau form induced mitochondrial fragmentation with a concomitant reduction in the expression of Opa1, a mitochondrial fission regulator. More importantly, we showed that caspase-cleaved tau affects mitochondrial transport, decreasing the number of moving mitochondria in the neuronal processes without affecting their velocity rate. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in these events are unknown. We studied the possible role of motor proteins (kinesin 1 and dynein) and mitochondrial protein adaptors (RhoT1/T2, syntaphilin, and TRAK2) in the mitochondrial transport failure induced by caspase-cleaved tau. We expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP), GFP-full-length, and GPF-caspase-3-cleaved tau proteins in rat hippocampal neurons and immortalized cortical neurons (CN 1.4) and analyzed the expression and localization of these proteins involved in mitochondrial transport regulation. We observed that hippocampal neurons expressing caspase-cleaved tau showed a significant accumulation of a mitochondrial population in the soma. These changes were accompanied by evident mitochondrial bioenergetic deficits, including depolarization, oxidative stress, and a significant reduction in ATP production. More critically, caspase-cleaved tau significantly decreased the expression of TRAK2 in immortalized and primary hippocampal neurons without affecting RhoT1/T2 and syntaphilin levels. Also, when we analyzed the expression of motor proteins-Kinesin 1 (KIF5) and Dynein-we did not detect changes in their expression, localization, and binding to the mitochondria. Interestingly, the expression of truncated tau significantly increases the association of TRAK2 with mitochondria compared with neuronal cells expressing full-length tau. Altogether these results indicate that caspase-cleaved tau may affect mitochondrial transport through the increase of TRAK2-mitochondria binding and reduction of ATP production available for the process of movement of these organelles. These observations are novel and represent a set of exciting findings whereby tau pathology could affect mitochondrial distribution in neurons, an event that may contribute to synaptic failure observed in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A. Quintanilla
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
The tubulin code and its role in controlling microtubule properties and functions. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:307-326. [PMID: 32107477 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-0214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules are core components of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton with essential roles in cell division, shaping, motility and intracellular transport. Despite their functional heterogeneity, microtubules have a highly conserved structure made from almost identical molecular building blocks: the tubulin proteins. Alternative tubulin isotypes and a variety of post-translational modifications control the properties and functions of the microtubule cytoskeleton, a concept known as the 'tubulin code'. Here we review the current understanding of the molecular components of the tubulin code and how they impact microtubule properties and functions. We discuss how tubulin isotypes and post-translational modifications control microtubule behaviour at the molecular level and how this translates into physiological functions at the cellular and organism levels. We then go on to show how fine-tuning of microtubule function by some tubulin modifications can affect homeostasis and how perturbation of this fine-tuning can lead to a range of dysfunctions, many of which are linked to human disease.
Collapse
|
22
|
Monroy BY, Tan TC, Oclaman JM, Han JS, Simó S, Niwa S, Nowakowski DW, McKenney RJ, Ori-McKenney KM. A Combinatorial MAP Code Dictates Polarized Microtubule Transport. Dev Cell 2020; 53:60-72.e4. [PMID: 32109385 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Many eukaryotic cells distribute their intracellular components asymmetrically through regulated active transport driven by molecular motors along microtubule tracks. While intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of motor activity exists, what governs the overall distribution of activated motor-cargo complexes within cells remains unclear. Here, we utilize in vitro reconstitution of purified motor proteins and non-enzymatic microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to demonstrate that MAPs exhibit distinct influences on the motility of the three main classes of transport motors: kinesin-1, kinesin-3, and cytoplasmic dynein. Further, we dissect how combinations of MAPs affect motors and unveil MAP9 as a positive modulator of kinesin-3 motility. From these data, we propose a general "MAP code" that has the capacity to strongly bias directed movement along microtubules and helps elucidate the intricate intracellular sorting observed in highly polarized cells such as neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brigette Y Monroy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Tracy C Tan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Janah May Oclaman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jisoo S Han
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sergi Simó
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Shinsuke Niwa
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan
| | | | - Richard J McKenney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kassandra M Ori-McKenney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Microtubules in Influenza Virus Entry and Egress. Viruses 2020; 12:v12010117. [PMID: 31963544 PMCID: PMC7020094 DOI: 10.3390/v12010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses are respiratory pathogens that represent a significant threat to public health, despite the large-scale implementation of vaccination programs. It is necessary to understand the detailed and complex interactions between influenza virus and its host cells in order to identify successful strategies for therapeutic intervention. During viral entry, the cellular microenvironment presents invading pathogens with a series of obstacles that must be overcome to infect permissive cells. Influenza hijacks numerous host cell proteins and associated biological pathways during its journey into the cell, responding to environmental cues in order to successfully replicate. The cellular cytoskeleton and its constituent microtubules represent a heavily exploited network during viral infection. Cytoskeletal filaments provide a dynamic scaffold for subcellular viral trafficking, as well as virus-host interactions with cellular machineries that are essential for efficient uncoating, replication, and egress. In addition, influenza virus infection results in structural changes in the microtubule network, which itself has consequences for viral replication. Microtubules, their functional roles in normal cell biology, and their exploitation by influenza viruses will be the focus of this review.
Collapse
|
24
|
Sabharwal V, Koushika SP. Crowd Control: Effects of Physical Crowding on Cargo Movement in Healthy and Diseased Neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:470. [PMID: 31708745 PMCID: PMC6823667 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
High concentration of cytoskeletal filaments, organelles, and proteins along with the space constraints due to the axon's narrow geometry lead inevitably to intracellular physical crowding along the axon of a neuron. Local cargo movement is essential for maintaining steady cargo transport in the axon, and this may be impeded by physical crowding. Molecular motors that mediate active transport share movement mechanisms that allow them to bypass physical crowding present on microtubule tracks. Many neurodegenerative diseases, irrespective of how they are initiated, show increased physical crowding owing to the greater number of stalled organelles and structural changes associated with the cytoskeleton. Increased physical crowding may be a significant factor in slowing cargo transport to synapses, contributing to disease progression and culminating in the dying back of the neuronal process. This review explores the idea that physical crowding can impede cargo movement along the neuronal process. We examine the sources of physical crowding and strategies used by molecular motors that might enable cargo to circumvent physically crowded locations. Finally, we describe sub-cellular changes in neurodegenerative diseases that may alter physical crowding and discuss the implications of such changes on cargo movement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandhya P. Koushika
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Burute M, Kapitein LC. Cellular Logistics: Unraveling the Interplay Between Microtubule Organization and Intracellular Transport. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2019; 35:29-54. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are core components of the cytoskeleton and serve as tracks for motor protein–based intracellular transport. Microtubule networks are highly diverse across different cell types and are believed to adapt to cell type–specific transport demands. Here we review how the spatial organization of different subsets of microtubules into higher-order networks determines the traffic rules for motor-based transport in different animal cell types. We describe the interplay between microtubule network organization and motor-based transport within epithelial cells, oocytes, neurons, cilia, and the spindle apparatus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mithila Burute
- Department of Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas C. Kapitein
- Department of Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bodakuntla S, Jijumon AS, Villablanca C, Gonzalez-Billault C, Janke C. Microtubule-Associated Proteins: Structuring the Cytoskeleton. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:804-819. [PMID: 31416684 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) were initially discovered as proteins that bind to and stabilize microtubules. Today, an ever-growing number of MAPs reveals a more complex picture of these proteins as organizers of the microtubule cytoskeleton that have a large variety of functions. MAPs enable microtubules to participate in a plethora of cellular processes such as the assembly of mitotic and meiotic spindles, neuronal development, and the formation of the ciliary axoneme. Although some subgroups of MAPs have been exhaustively characterized, a strikingly large number of MAPs remain barely characterized other than their interactions with microtubules. We provide a comprehensive view on the currently known MAPs in mammals. We discuss their molecular mechanisms and functions, as well as their physiological role and links to pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satish Bodakuntla
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 3348, F-91405 Orsay, France; Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3348, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - A S Jijumon
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 3348, F-91405 Orsay, France; Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3348, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Cristopher Villablanca
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Gonzalez-Billault
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Carsten Janke
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 3348, F-91405 Orsay, France; Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3348, F-91405 Orsay, France.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Charafeddine RA, Cortopassi WA, Lak P, Tan R, McKenney RJ, Jacobson MP, Barber DL, Wittmann T. Tau repeat regions contain conserved histidine residues that modulate microtubule-binding in response to changes in pH. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8779-8790. [PMID: 30992364 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.007004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau, a member of the MAP2/tau family of microtubule-associated proteins, stabilizes and organizes axonal microtubules in healthy neurons. In neurodegenerative tauopathies, tau dissociates from microtubules and forms neurotoxic extracellular aggregates. MAP2/tau family proteins are characterized by three to five conserved, intrinsically disordered repeat regions that mediate electrostatic interactions with the microtubule surface. Here, we used molecular dynamics, microtubule-binding experiments, and live-cell microscopy, revealing that highly-conserved histidine residues near the C terminus of each microtubule-binding repeat are pH sensors that can modulate tau-microtubule interaction strength within the physiological intracellular pH range. We observed that at low pH (<7.5), these histidines are positively charged and interact with phenylalanine residues in a hydrophobic cleft between adjacent tubulin dimers. At higher pH (>7.5), tau deprotonation decreased binding to microtubules both in vitro and in cells. Electrostatic and hydrophobic characteristics of histidine were both required for tau-microtubule binding, as substitutions with constitutively and positively charged nonaromatic lysine or uncharged alanine greatly reduced or abolished tau-microtubule binding. Consistent with these findings, tau-microtubule binding was reduced in a cancer cell model with increased intracellular pH but was rapidly restored by decreasing the pH to normal levels. These results add detailed insights into the intracellular regulation of tau activity that may be relevant in both normal and pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabab A Charafeddine
- From the Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Wilian A Cortopassi
- the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, and
| | - Parnian Lak
- the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, and
| | - Ruensern Tan
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Richard J McKenney
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Matthew P Jacobson
- the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, and
| | - Diane L Barber
- From the Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Torsten Wittmann
- From the Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143,
| |
Collapse
|