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Zhou X, Jia X, Huang Z, Yang C, Li J, Xie W, He X, Ying W, Liu C, Liu Y, Liao K, Hong Y, Chen XL, Zhang T, Xia N, Liu WH, Fu G, Xiao C. MHC class II regulation of CD8 + T cell tolerance and implications in autoimmunity and cancer immunotherapy. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113452. [PMID: 37976163 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-reactive CD8+ T cells are found in humans and animals, but little is known about their identity, development, and function. In this study, we discover a group of CD8+ T cells reactive to both MHC class I and II molecules in MHC class II-deficient mice. We clone their T cell receptors (TCRs) and analyze their development and function. In wild-type animals, thymocytes bearing those TCRs are purged by negative selection. In the absence of MHC class II, they develop into mature CD8+ T cells. When encountering MHC class II in the periphery, they undergo robust activation and proliferation, attack self-tissues, and cause lethal autoimmune diseases. In adoptive T cell therapy, those CD8+ T cells are able to efficiently control MHC class II-expressing tumors. This study opens the door to investigation of dual-reactive CD8+ T cells, their development and selection in the thymus, and the perils and promises when their normal development and selection are compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xian Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhe Huang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jiali Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wangnan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiaoyu He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wei Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chenfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Kunyu Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yazhen Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiao Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Tianying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health & School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health & School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wen-Hsien Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Guo Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Changchun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Honan AM, Vazquez EN, Chen Z. Lymph Node Stromal Cell-Intrinsic MHC Class II Expression Promotes MHC Class I-Restricted CD8 T Cell Lineage Conversion to Regulatory CD4 T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1530-1544. [PMID: 34408011 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
MHC class I (MHC-I)-restricted CD4+ T cells have long been discovered in the natural repertoire of healthy humans as well as patients with autoimmune diseases or cancer, but the exact origin of these cells remains to be fully characterized. In mouse models, mature peripheral CD8+ T cells have the potential to convert to CD4+ T cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes. This conversion can produce a unique population of MHC-I-restricted CD4+ T cells including Foxp3+ regulatory T cells termed MHC-I-restricted CD4+Foxp3+ T (CI-Treg) cells. In this study we examined the cellular and molecular elements that promote CD8-to-CD4 lineage conversion and the development of CI-Treg cells in mice. Using adoptive transfer and bone marrow chimera experiments, we found that the differentiation of CI-Treg cells was driven by lymph node stromal cell (LNSC)-intrinsic MHC-II expression as opposed to transcytosis of MHC-II from bone marrow-derived APCs. The lineage conversion was accompanied by Runx3 versus ThPOK transcriptional switch. This finding of a new role for LNSCs in vivo led us to develop an efficient tissue culture method using LNSCs to generate and expand CI-Treg cells in vitro. CI-Treg cells expanded in vitro with LNSCs effectively suppressed inflammatory tissue damage caused by pathogenic CD4+ T cells in mouse models of colitis. This study identified a novel role of MHC-II expressed by LNSCs in immune regulation and the potential utilization of LNSCs to generate novel subsets of immune regulatory cells for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Honan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; and
| | - Emily N Vazquez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; and
| | - Zhibin Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; and .,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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3
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MHC-II alleles shape the CDR3 repertoires of conventional and regulatory naïve CD4 + T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:13659-13669. [PMID: 32482872 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003170117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell maturation and activation depend upon T cell receptor (TCR) interactions with a wide variety of antigenic peptides displayed in a given major histocompatibility complex (MHC) context. Complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) is the most variable part of the TCRα and -β chains, which govern interactions with peptide-MHC complexes. However, it remains unclear how the CDR3 landscape is shaped by individual MHC context during thymic selection of naïve T cells. We established two mouse strains carrying distinct allelic variants of H2-A and analyzed thymic and peripheral production and TCR repertoires of naïve conventional CD4+ T (Tconv) and naïve regulatory CD4+ T (Treg) cells. Compared with tuberculosis-resistant C57BL/6 (H2-Ab) mice, the tuberculosis-susceptible H2-Aj mice had fewer CD4+ T cells of both subsets in the thymus. In the periphery, this deficiency was only apparent for Tconv and was compensated for by peripheral reconstitution for Treg We show that H2-Aj favors selection of a narrower and more convergent repertoire with more hydrophobic and strongly interacting amino acid residues in the middle of CDR3α and CDR3β, suggesting more stringent selection against a narrower peptide-MHC-II context. H2-Aj and H2-Ab mice have prominent reciprocal differences in CDR3α and CDR3β features, probably reflecting distinct modes of TCR fitting to MHC-II variants. These data reveal the mechanics and extent of how MHC-II shapes the naïve CD4+ T cell CDR3 landscape, which essentially defines adaptive response to infections and self-antigens.
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Manczinger M, Kemény L. Peptide presentation by HLA-DQ molecules is associated with the development of immune tolerance. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5118. [PMID: 30002966 PMCID: PMC6034589 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HLA class II proteins are important elements of human adaptive immune recognition and are associated with numerous infectious and immune-mediated diseases. These highly variable molecules can be classified into DP, DQ and DR groups. It has been proposed that in contrast with DP and DR, epitope binding by DQ variants rather results in immune tolerance. However, the pieces of evidence are limited and controversial. We found that DQ molecules bind more human epitopes than DR. Pathogen-associated epitopes bound by DQ molecules are more similar to human proteins than the ones bound by DR. Accordingly, DQ molecules bind epitopes of significantly different pathogen species. Moreover, the binding of autoimmunity-associated epitopes by DQ confers protection from autoimmune diseases. Our results suggest a special role of HLA-DQ in immune homeostasis and help to better understand the association of HLA molecules with infectious and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Manczinger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lajos Kemény
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Denzin LK, Khan AA, Virdis F, Wilks J, Kane M, Beilinson HA, Dikiy S, Case LK, Roopenian D, Witkowski M, Chervonsky AV, Golovkina TV. Neutralizing Antibody Responses to Viral Infections Are Linked to the Non-classical MHC Class II Gene H2-Ob. Immunity 2017; 47:310-322.e7. [PMID: 28813660 PMCID: PMC5568092 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Select humans and animals control persistent viral infections via adaptive immune responses that include production of neutralizing antibodies. The precise genetic basis for the control remains enigmatic. Here, we report positional cloning of the gene responsible for production of retrovirus-neutralizing antibodies in mice of the I/LnJ strain. It encodes the beta subunit of the non-classical major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II)-like molecule H2-O, a negative regulator of antigen presentation. The recessive and functionally null I/LnJ H2-Ob allele supported the production of virus-neutralizing antibodies independently of the classical MHC haplotype. Subsequent bioinformatics and functional analyses of the human H2-Ob homolog, HLA-DOB, revealed both loss- and gain-of-function alleles, which could affect the ability of their carriers to control infections with human hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses. Thus, understanding of the previously unappreciated role of H2-O (HLA-DO) in immunity to infections may suggest new approaches in achieving neutralizing immunity to viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K Denzin
- Child Health Institute of NJ, Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of NJ, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Aly A Khan
- Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Francesca Virdis
- Child Health Institute of NJ, Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of NJ, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Jessica Wilks
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Melissa Kane
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Helen A Beilinson
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Stanislav Dikiy
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Laure K Case
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Michele Witkowski
- Child Health Institute of NJ, Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of NJ, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | | | - Tatyana V Golovkina
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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6
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Mensali N, Ying F, Sheng VOY, Yang W, Walseng E, Kumari S, Fallang LE, Kolstad A, Uckert W, Malmberg KJ, Wälchli S, Olweus J. Targeting B-cell neoplasia with T-cell receptors recognizing a CD20-derived peptide on patient-specific HLA. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1138199. [PMID: 27467957 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1138199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) targeted to CD19 are effective in treatment of B-lymphoid malignancies. However, CARs recognize all CD19 positive (pos) cells, and durable responses are linked to profound depletion of normal B cells. Here, we designed a strategy to specifically target patient B cells by utilizing the fact that T-cell receptors (TCRs), in contrast to CARs, are restricted by HLA. Two TCRs recognizing a peptide from CD20 (SLFLGILSV) in the context of foreign HLA-A*02:01 (CD20p/HLA-A2) were expressed as 2A-bicistronic constructs. T cells re-directed with the A23 and A94 TCR constructs efficiently recognized malignant HLA-A2(pos) B cells endogenously expressing CD20, including patient-derived follicular lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. In contrast, a wide range of HLA-A2(pos)CD20(neg) cells representing different tissue origins, and HLA-A2(neg)CD20(pos) cells, were not recognized. Cytotoxic T cells re-directed with CD20p/HLA-A2-specific TCRs or CD19 CARs responded with similar potencies to cells endogenously expressing comparable levels of CD20 and CD19. The CD20p/HLA-A2-specific TCRs recognized CD20p bound to HLA-A2 with high functional avidity. The results show that T cells expressing CD20p/HLA-A2-specific TCRs efficiently and specifically target B cells. When used in context of an HLA-haploidentical allogeneic stem cell transplantation where the donor is HLA-A2(neg) and the patient HLA-A2(pos), these T cells would selectively kill patient-derived B cells and allow reconstitution of the B-cell compartment with HLA-A2(neg) donor cells. These results should pave the way for clinical testing of T cells genetically engineered to target malignant B cells without permanent depletion of normal B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Mensali
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K.G Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fan Ying
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K.G Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vincent Oei Yi Sheng
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K.G Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Weiwen Yang
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K.G Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Even Walseng
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet , Oslo, Norway
| | - Shraddha Kumari
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K.G Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars-Egil Fallang
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet , Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Kolstad
- K.G Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wolfgang Uckert
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Institute of Biology, Humboldt University , Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl Johan Malmberg
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K.G Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sébastien Wälchli
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Cell Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johanna Olweus
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K.G Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Degauque N, Brouard S, Soulillou JP. Cross-Reactivity of TCR Repertoire: Current Concepts, Challenges, and Implication for Allotransplantation. Front Immunol 2016; 7:89. [PMID: 27047489 PMCID: PMC4805583 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Being able to track donor reactive T cells during the course of organ transplantation is a key to improve the graft survival, to prevent graft dysfunction, and to adapt the immunosuppressive regimen. The attempts of transplant immunologists have been for long hampered by the large size of the alloreactive T cell repertoire. Understanding how self-TCR can interact with allogeneic MHC is a key to critically appraise the different assays available to analyze the TCR Vβ repertoire usage. In this report, we will review conceptually and experimentally the process of cross-reactivity. We will then highlight what can be learned from allotransplantation, a situation of artificial cross-reactivity. Finally, the low- and high-resolution techniques to characterize the TCR Vβ repertoire usage in transplantation will be critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Degauque
- UMR 1064, INSERM, Nantes, France; ITUN, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Brouard
- UMR 1064, INSERM, Nantes, France; ITUN, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Nantes, France; CIC Biothérapie, Nantes, France; CRB, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx Transplantex, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Paul Soulillou
- UMR 1064, INSERM, Nantes, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx Transplantex, Nantes, France
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8
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McDonald BD, Bunker JJ, Erickson SA, Oh-Hora M, Bendelac A. Crossreactive αβ T Cell Receptors Are the Predominant Targets of Thymocyte Negative Selection. Immunity 2015; 43:859-69. [PMID: 26522985 PMCID: PMC4654978 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The precise impact of thymic positive and negative selection on the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire remains controversial. Here, we used unbiased, high-throughput cloning and retroviral expression of individual pre-selection TCRs to provide a direct assessment of these processes at the clonal level in vivo. We found that 15% of random TCRs induced signaling and directed positive (7.5%) or negative (7.5%) selection, depending on strength of signal, whereas the remaining 85% failed to induce signaling or selection. Most negatively selected TCRs exhibited promiscuous crossreactivity toward multiple other major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotypes. In contrast, TCRs that were positively selected or non-selected were minimally crossreactive. Negative selection of crossreactive TCRs led to clonal deletion but also recycling into intestinal CD4(-)CD8β(-) intraepithelial lymphocytes (iIELs). Thus, broadly crossreactive TCRs arise at low frequency in the pre-selection repertoire but constitute the primary drivers of thymic negative selection and iIEL lineage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D McDonald
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Bunker
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Steven A Erickson
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Masatsugu Oh-Hora
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Albert Bendelac
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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9
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Karpanen T, Olweus J. T-cell receptor gene therapy--ready to go viral? Mol Oncol 2015; 9:2019-42. [PMID: 26548533 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes can be redirected to recognize a tumor target and harnessed to combat cancer by genetic introduction of T-cell receptors of a defined specificity. This approach has recently mediated encouraging clinical responses in patients with cancers previously regarded as incurable. However, despite the great promise, T-cell receptor gene therapy still faces a multitude of obstacles. Identification of epitopes that enable effective targeting of all the cells in a heterogeneous tumor while sparing normal tissues remains perhaps the most demanding challenge. Experience from clinical trials has revealed the dangers associated with T-cell receptor gene therapy and highlighted the need for reliable preclinical methods to identify potentially hazardous recognition of both intended and unintended epitopes in healthy tissues. Procedures for manufacturing large and highly potent T-cell populations can be optimized to enhance their antitumor efficacy. Here, we review the current knowledge gained from preclinical models and clinical trials using adoptive transfer of T-cell receptor-engineered T lymphocytes, discuss the major challenges involved and highlight potential strategies to increase the safety and efficacy to make T-cell receptor gene therapy a standard-of-care for large patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terhi Karpanen
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet and K.G. Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Oslo, Ullernchausseen 70, N-0379 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Johanna Olweus
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet and K.G. Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Oslo, Ullernchausseen 70, N-0379 Oslo, Norway.
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10
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Tsai S, Santamaria P. MHC Class II Polymorphisms, Autoreactive T-Cells, and Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2013; 4:321. [PMID: 24133494 PMCID: PMC3794362 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, also known as human leukocyte antigen genes (HLA) in humans, are the prevailing contributors of genetic susceptibility to autoimmune diseases such as Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis, among others (1–3). Although the pathways through which MHC molecules afford autoimmune risk or resistance remain to be fully mapped out, it is generally accepted that they do so by shaping the central and peripheral T-cell repertoires of the host toward autoimmune proclivity or resistance, respectively. Disease-predisposing MHC alleles would both spare autoreactive thymocytes from central tolerance and bias their development toward a pathogenic phenotype. Protective MHC alleles, on the other hand, would promote central deletion of autoreactive thymocytes and skew their development toward non-pathogenic phenotypes. This interpretation of the data is at odds with two other observations: that in MHC-heterozygous individuals, resistance is dominant over susceptibility; and that it is difficult to understand how deletion of one or a few clonal autoreactive T-cell types would suffice to curb autoimmune responses driven by hundreds if not thousands of autoreactive T-cell specificities. This review provides an update on current advances in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying MHC class II-associated autoimmune disease susceptibility and/or resistance and attempts to reconcile these seemingly opposing concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Tsai
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary , Calgary, AB , Canada
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11
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Eckle SBG, Rossjohn J, McCluskey J. Alloreactivity. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1034:3-39. [PMID: 23775729 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-493-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The alloimmune response between individuals genetically disparate for antigens encoded within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) remains a substantial barrier to transplantation of solid organs, tissues, and hematopoietic stem cells. Alloreactivity has been an immunological paradox because of its apparent contradiction to the requirement of MHC restriction for the induction of normal T lymphocyte mediated immune responses. Through crystallographic analyses and experimental systems utilizing murine CD8(+) cytolytic T cell clones, major advances have been achieved in understanding the molecular and structural basis of T cell receptor recognition of MHC-peptide complexes and the basis of T cell mediated alloreactivity. These studies have further provided an explanation for the relatively high frequencies of alloreactive T cells compared to the frequencies of T cells for microbial derived antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidonia B G Eckle
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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12
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Birnbaum ME, Dong S, Garcia KC. Diversity-oriented approaches for interrogating T-cell receptor repertoire, ligand recognition, and function. Immunol Rev 2013; 250:82-101. [PMID: 23046124 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecular diversity lies at the heart of adaptive immunity. T-cell receptors and peptide-major histocompatibility complex molecules utilize and rely upon an enormous degree of diversity at the levels of genetics, chemistry, and structure to engage one another and carry out their functions. This high level of diversity complicates the systematic study of important aspects of T-cell biology, but recent technical advances have allowed for the ability to study diversity in a comprehensive manner. In this review, we assess insights gained into T-cell receptor function and biology from our increasingly precise ability to assess the T-cell repertoire as a whole or to perturb individual receptors with engineered reagents. We conclude with a perspective on a new class of high-affinity, non-stimulatory peptide ligands we have recently discovered using diversity-oriented techniques that challenges notions for how we think about T-cell receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Birnbaum
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
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Smith C, Miles JJ, Khanna R. Advances in direct T-cell alloreactivity: function, avidity, biophysics and structure. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:15-26. [PMID: 22152064 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03863.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Although T-cell-based adaptive immunity plays a crucial role in protection against infectious pathogens and uncontrolled outgrowth of malignant cells, a large portion of these T cells are also capable of responding to allogeneic HLA molecules, violating the paradigm of self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction. Recent studies have provided insights into the mechanisms by which these T cells recognize allogeneic targets. The role of antiviral T cells in direct alloreactivity through peptide-dependent molecular mimicry and alternate peptide-MHC docking modes has emerged as major models for the human alloresponse. Here, we review in depth recent advances in this field and discuss how molecular interactions between T cells and HLA molecules drive the activation of these effector cells and its potential implications for alloreactivity in human transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Smith
- Australian Centre for Vaccine Development, Tumour Immunology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
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14
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15
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Shrestha D, Szöllosi J, Jenei A. Bare lymphocyte syndrome: an opportunity to discover our immune system. Immunol Lett 2011; 141:147-57. [PMID: 22027563 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bare lymphocyte syndrome (BLS) is a rare immunodeficiency disorder manifested by the partial or complete disappearance of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins from the surface of the cells. Based on this specific feature, it is categorized into three different types depending on which type of MHC protein is affected. These proteins are mainly involved in generating the effective immune responses by differentiating 'self' from 'non-self' antigens through a process referred to as antigen presentation. Investigations on BLS have immensely contributed to our understanding of the transcriptional regulation of these molecules and have led to the discovery of several important proteins of the antigen presentation pathway. Reviews on this subject consistently project type II BLS, MHC II deficiency as BLS syndrome, although literatures' document cases of other types of BLS too. Therefore, in this article, we have assembled information on the BLS syndrome to produce a systematic narration while emphasizing the importance of BLS system in studying various aspects of immune biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Shrestha
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
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16
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A single T cell receptor bound to major histocompatibility complex class I and class II glycoproteins reveals switchable TCR conformers. Immunity 2011; 35:23-33. [PMID: 21683626 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2011.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) and MHCII proteins differ in structure and sequence. To understand how T cell receptors (TCRs) can use the same set of variable regions to bind both proteins, we have presented a comparison of a single TCR bound to both MHCI and MHCII ligands. The TCR adopts similar orientations on both ligands with TCR amino acids thought to be evolutionarily conserved for MHC interaction occupying similar positions on the MHCI and MHCII helices. However, the TCR antigen-binding loops use different conformations when interacting with each ligand. Most importantly, we observed alternate TCR core conformations. When bound to MHCI, but not MHCII, Vα disengages from the Jα β strand, switching Vα's position relative to Vβ. In several other structures, either Vα or Vβ undergoes this same modification. Thus, both TCR V-domains can switch among alternate conformations, perhaps extending their ability to react with different MHC-peptide ligands.
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17
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Risk of canine cranial cruciate ligament rupture is not associated with the major histocompatibility complex. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2011; 24:262-5. [PMID: 21597649 DOI: 10.3415/vcot-11-03-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of the major histocompatability (MHC) class II allele haplotype frequencies with the diagnosis of cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture in two breeds of dog. METHODS DNA samples from populations of Labrador Retrievers and Golden Retrievers with CCL rupture and general populations of the same breeds were characterised for three DLA class II loci (DRB1*, DQA1* and DQB1*) alleles using sequence-based typing or reference strand-mediated conformation analysis. RESULTS Although distinct differences in haplotype types, frequencies and homozygozity were observed between the two breeds, no disease specific association could be identified for the development of the CCL rupture within either population. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The risk for developing CCL rupture was not associated with DLA haplotype group(s) in Labrador Retrievers or Golden Retrievers, thus the hypothesis that there is an autoimmune basis to CCL rupture was not supported.
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18
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Abstract
This essay provides an analysis of the inadequacy of the current view of restrictive recognition of peptide by the T-cell antigen receptor. A competing model is developed, and the experimental evidence for the prevailing model is reinterpreted in the new framework. The goal is to contrast the two models with respect to their consistency, coverage of the data, explanatory power, and predictability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin Cohn
- Conceptual Immunology Group, The Salk Institute For Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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19
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Zvezdova ES, Silaeva YY, Vagida MS, Maryukhnich EV, Deikin AV, Ermolkevich TG, Kadulin SG, Sadchikova ER, Goldman IL, Kazansky DB. Generation of transgenic animals expressing the α and β chains of the autoreactive T-cell receptor. Mol Biol 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893310020135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Abstract
Discovery of major histocompatability complex (MHC) restriction helped in the understanding of how T-lymphocytes recognize antigens on bacteria, viruses, and tumor cells. It was initially accepted that MHC restriction was a consequence of "adaptive differentiation" in the thymus; during differentiation, the forming repertoire of T-lymphocytes "learned" a low affinity for self MHC molecules via positive selection. This view was later countered by discovery of artifacts in underlying studies and the fact that adaptive differentiation could not explain direct allogeneic and allorestricted recognition phenomena. Data from experiments with TCR transgenic animals, individual MHC/peptide complex expression, and recipients of xenogenic thymus glands yielded evidence of an ability to adapt to microenvironment and a low specificity of positive selection. These facts led to an alternative interpretation of MHC restriction explained, in part, by specificity of a pool of effector cells activated by primary immunization. Details of this phenomenon were defined in studies that noted differential primary structures of peptides that bound various allelic forms of MHC molecules. Here, the T-lymphocyte repertoire formed in the thymus was a result, in part, of random rearrangement of germinal sequences of TCR gene fragments. Such pre-selected repertoires were inherently capable of reacting with different allelic forms of MHC molecules. In contrast, MHC molecules were characterized by significant intraspecies polymorphisms; negative and positive selections were aimed at adaptation of a pre-selected repertoire to a specific microenvironment in an individual. Via elimination of autoreactive clones and sparing of a broad spectrum of specificity to potential pathogens, selection in the thymus could be considered a life-long allogeneic reaction of a pre-selected repertoire to self MHC molecules resulting in tolerance to "self," increased responsiveness to foreign MHC molecules, and cross-reactivity of the mature T-lymphocyte repertoire to individual foreign peptides plus self MHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry B Kazansky
- N. N. Blokhin's Cancer Research Center, Carcinogenesis Institute, Moscow, Russia.
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21
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Cohn M. Why rethink the structure-function relationships regulating TCR behavior? CURRENT TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 10:105-111. [PMID: 22573930 PMCID: PMC3345953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Although the generally accepted (Standard) Model of the TCR has powered the accumulation of a large body of crucial data, it is lacking because of the failure of its basic tenet that allele-specific recognition of MHC-encoded restricting elements can be derived by somatic selection on a random repertoire. The limitations of the Standard Model due to this tenet and a glimpse at what a competing model might look like add up to yield a surprising new view of the structure-function relationships of the TCR. A published experiment illustrating this is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin Cohn
- Conceptual Immunology Group, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, Tel: (858) 453-4100 Ext. 1351
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22
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Huseby ES, Kappler JW, Marrack P. Thymic selection stifles TCR reactivity with the main chain structure of MHC and forces interactions with the peptide side chains. Mol Immunol 2008; 45:599-606. [PMID: 17920446 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2006] [Accepted: 03/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Huseby
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colorado 80206, United States.
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23
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Genetic insights into the disease mechanisms of type II mixed cryoglobulinemia induced by hepatitis C virus. Dig Liver Dis 2007; 39 Suppl 1:S65-71. [PMID: 17936227 DOI: 10.1016/s1590-8658(07)80014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self is critical to the functioning of the immune response. A breakdown in these mechanisms can lead to the onset of autoimmune disease. Clinical and molecular data suggest that shared immunogenetic mechanisms lead to the autoimmune process. The most studied part of the autoimmune process is the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region. Recently, progress has been made in narrowing down HLA cluster classifications based on structural and functional features of HLA alleles. Using this approach we have investigated 175 patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced type II cryoglobulinemia (MC), and compared them to a control group of 14,923 bone marrow donors. Additionally, we investigated the frequency of HLA homozygosity in the same groups of subjects. Our results provide evidence of a role for DR5 and DQ3 HLA class II clusters and a higher frequency of HLA homozygous leading to the clinical outcome of type II mixed cryoglobulinemic autoimmune disease. The DR5 cluster is characterized by a Glu in beta 9 and its polymorphism is connected with preferred anchors at beta 9 of the binding peptide, while the DQ3 cluster is characterized by Glu B86 and Leu B87, which allows the binding of large hydrophobic amino acids at p1 of the binding peptide. The mechanisms by which variations in HLA lead to autoimmunity remain unknown, although they are likely to be mediated by continuous presentation of HCV epitopes to T cells and a genetic background that limits the effective clearance of HCV. The results presented in this paper have increased our knowledge of the mechanism of autoimmune disease and B-cell lymphoproliferation during HCV infection. The work was performed in accordance with the principles of the 1983 Declaration of Helsinki. There is no conflict of interest.
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Abstract
Psoriasis is a T-cell-mediated chronic inflammatory skin disease believed to be of autoimmune nature that can be triggered or worsened by streptococcal throat infections. In addition to conventional chronic inflammatory changes, psoriasis is characterized by complex and striking alterations in epidermal growth and differentiation. Psoriasis is generally not observed in animals other than man, and this lack of a suitable animal model has greatly hindered research into the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Multiple transgenic, knockout, and reconstituted models of psoriasis have been developed over the past two decades. Despite their limitations, these models have demonstrated that keratinocyte hyperplasia, vascular hyperplasia, and cell-mediated immunity in the skin are closely interrelated. Xenograft models, in which involved and uninvolved psoriatic skin are transplanted onto immunodeficient mice, are the only models that come close to incorporating the complete genetic, immunologic, and phenotypic changes of the disease. They have shown conclusively that psoriasis is a T-cell-mediated disease, and have been used to elucidate novel pathogenic pathways. In this review, we describe various animal models, detail the immunologic and intracellular pathways that mediate these phenotypes and assess the utility of these models to better understand this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann E Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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25
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Kazansky DB. Intrathymic selection: new insight into tumor immunology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2007; 601:133-44. [PMID: 17713000 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-72005-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Central tolerance to self-antigens is formed in the thymus where deletion of clones with high affinity to "self" takes place. Expression of peripheral antigens in the thymus has been implicated in T cell tolerance and autoimmunity. During the last years, it has been shown that medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) are the unique cell type expressing a diverse range of tissue-specific antigens. Promiscuous gene expression is a cell autonomous property of thymic epithelial cells and is maintained during the entire period of thymic T cell output. The array of promiscuously expressed self-antigens was random and included well-known targets for cancer immunotherapy, such as alpha-fetoprotein, P1A, tyrosinase, and gp100. Gene expression in normal tissues may result in tolerance of high-avidity cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), leaving behind low-avidity CTL that cannot provide effective immunity against tumors expressing the relevant target antigens. Thus, it may be evident that tumor vaccines that targeted the tumor-associated antigens should be inefficient due to the loss of high-avidity T cell clones capable to be stimulated. Stauss with colleagues have described a strategy to circumvent immunological tolerance that can be used to generate high-avidity CTL against self-proteins, including human tumor-associated antigens. In this strategy, the allorestricted repertoire of T cells from allogenic donor is used as a source of T cell clones with high avidity to tumor antigens of recipient for adoptive immunotherapy. Then, the T cell receptor (TCR) genes isolated from antigen-specific T cells can be exploited as generic therapeutic molecules for antigen-specific immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry B Kazansky
- Institute of Carcinogenesis, Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia.
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26
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Eshima K, Suzuki H, Shinohara N. Cross-positive selection of thymocytes expressing a single TCR by multiple major histocompatibility complex molecules of both classes: implications for CD4+ versus CD8+ lineage commitment. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 176:1628-36. [PMID: 16424192 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.3.1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study has investigated the cross-reactivity upon thymic selection of thymocytes expressing transgenic TCR derived from a murine CD8+ CTL clone. The Idhigh+ cells in this transgenic mouse had been previously shown to mature through positive selection by class I MHC, Dq or Lq molecule. By investigating on various strains, we found that the transgenic TCR cross-reacts with three different MHCs, resulting in positive or negative selection. Interestingly, in the TCR-transgenic mice of H-2q background, mature Idhigh+ T cells appeared among both CD4+ and CD8+ subsets in periphery, even in the absence of RAG-2 gene. When examined on beta2-microglobulin-/- background, CD4+, but not CD8+, Idhigh+ T cells developed, suggesting that maturation of CD8+ and CD4+ Idhigh+ cells was MHC class I (Dq/Lq) and class II (I-Aq) dependent, respectively. These results indicated that this TCR-transgenic mouse of H-2q background contains both classes of selecting MHC ligands for the transgenic TCR simultaneously. Further genetic analyses altering the gene dosage and combinations of selecting MHCs suggested novel asymmetric effects of class I and class II MHC on the positive selection of thymocytes. Implications of these observations in CD4+/CD8+ lineage commitment are discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Line
- Cell Lineage/genetics
- Cell Lineage/immunology
- DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- H-2 Antigens/immunology
- Haplotypes
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- Thymus Gland/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Eshima
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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27
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Ge Q, Holler PD, Mahajan VS, Nuygen T, Eisen HN, Chen J. Development of CD4+ T cells expressing a nominally MHC class I-restricted T cell receptor by two different mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:1822-7. [PMID: 16443680 PMCID: PMC1413658 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0510561103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Differences in T cell receptor (TCR) signaling initiated by interactions among TCRs, coreceptors, and self-peptide-MHC complexes determine the outcome of CD4 versus CD8 lineage of T cell differentiation. The H-2Ld and Kbm3 alloreactive 2C TCR is positively selected by MHC class I Kb and a yet-to-be identified nonclassical class I molecule to differentiate into CD8+ T cells. Here we describe two mechanisms by which CD4+ 2C T cells can be generated in 2C TCR-transgenic mice. In the RAG-/- background, development of CD4+ 2C T cells requires the expression of both I-Ab and the TAP genes, indicating that both MHC class I and II molecules are required for positive selection of these T cells. Notably, only some of the 2C+ RAG-/- mice (approximately 30%) develop CD4+ 2C T cells, with frequencies in individual mice varying from 0.5% to as high as approximately 50%. In the RAG+ background, where endogenous TCRalpha genes are rearranged and expressed, CD4+ 2C T cells are generated because these cells express the 2C TCR as well as additional TCRs, consisting of the 2C TCRbeta and endogenous TCRalpha chains. Similarly, T cells expressing the OT-1 TCR, which is nominally MHC class I-restricted, can also develop into CD4+ T cells through the same two mechanisms. Thus, expression of two TCRs by a single thymocyte, TCR recognition of multiple MHC molecules, and heterogeneity of TCR, coreceptors, and peptide-MHC interactions in the thymus all contribute to the outcome of CD4 versus CD8 lineage development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ge
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Phillip D. Holler
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Vinay S. Mahajan
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Tam Nuygen
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Herman N. Eisen
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- *To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
| | - Jianzhu Chen
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- *To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
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