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Venkatesan D, Muthukumar S, Iyer M, Babu HWS, Gopalakrishnan AV, Yadav MK, Vellingiri B. Heavy metals toxicity on epigenetic modifications in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23741. [PMID: 38816991 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive decline in cognitive ability and behavior which eventually disrupts daily activities. AD has no cure and the progression rate varies unlikely. Among various causative factors, heavy metals are reported to be a significant hazard in AD pathogenesis. Metal-induced neurodegeneration has been focused globally with thorough research to unravel the mechanistic insights in AD. Recently, heavy metals suggested to play an important role in epigenetic alterations which might provide evidential results on AD pathology. Epigenetic modifications are known to play towards novel therapeutic approaches in treating AD. Though many studies focus on epigenetics and heavy metal implications in AD, there is a lack of research on heavy metal influence on epigenetic toxicity in neurological disorders. The current review aims to elucidate the plausible role of cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), arsenic (As), copper (Cu), and lithium (Li) metals on epigenetic factors and the increase in amyloid beta and tau phosphorylation in AD. Also, the review discusses the common methods of heavy metal detection to implicate in AD pathogenesis. Hence, from this review, we can extend the need for future research on identifying the mechanistic behavior of heavy metals on epigenetic toxicity and to develop diagnostic and therapeutic markers in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhivya Venkatesan
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore, India
| | - Sindduja Muthukumar
- Human Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore, India
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Harysh Winster Suresh Babu
- Human Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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2
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Davis N, Taylor B, Abelleira-Hervas L, Karimian-Marnani N, Aleksynas R, Syed N, Di Giovanni S, Palmisano I, Sastre M. Histone deacetylase-3 regulates the expression of the amyloid precursor protein and its inhibition promotes neuroregenerative pathways in Alzheimer's disease models. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23659. [PMID: 38733301 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301762rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
HDAC3 inhibition has been shown to improve memory and reduce amyloid-β (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) models, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We investigated the molecular effects of HDAC3 inhibition on AD pathology, using in vitro and ex vivo models of AD, based on our finding that HDAC3 expression is increased in AD brains. For this purpose, N2a mouse neuroblastoma cells as well as organotypic brain cultures (OBCSs) of 5XFAD and wild-type mice were incubated with various concentrations of the HDAC3 selective inhibitor RGFP966 (0.1-10 μM) for 24 h. Treatment with RGFP966 or HDAC3 knockdown in N2a cells was associated with an increase on amyloid precursor protein (APP) and mRNA expressions, without alterations in Aβ42 secretion. In vitro chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed enriched HDAC3 binding at APP promoter regions. The increase in APP expression was also detected in OBCSs from 5XFAD mice incubated with 1 μM RGFP966, without changes in Aβ. In addition, HDAC3 inhibition resulted in a reduction of activated Iba-1-positive microglia and astrocytes in 5XFAD slices, which was not observed in OBCSs from wild-type mice. mRNA sequencing analysis revealed that HDAC3 inhibition modulated neuronal regenerative pathways related to neurogenesis, differentiation, axonogenesis, and dendritic spine density in OBCSs. Our findings highlight the complexity and diversity of the effects of HDAC3 inhibition on AD models and suggest that HDAC3 may have multiple roles in the regulation of APP expression and processing, as well as in the modulation of neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Davis
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ben Taylor
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | - Robertas Aleksynas
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nelofer Syed
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Simone Di Giovanni
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ilaria Palmisano
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Magdalena Sastre
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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3
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Shukla H, John D, Banerjee S, Tiwari AK. Drug repurposing for neurodegenerative diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 207:249-319. [PMID: 38942541 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are neuronal problems that include the brain and spinal cord and result in loss of sensory and motor dysfunction. Common NDDs include Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) etc. The occurrence of these diseases increases with age and is one of the challenging problems among elderly people. Though, several scientific research has demonstrated the key pathologies associated with NDDs still the underlying mechanisms and molecular details are not well understood and need to be explored and this poses a lack of effective treatments for NDDs. Several lines of evidence have shown that NDDs have a high prevalence and affect more than a billion individuals globally but still, researchers need to work forward in identifying the best therapeutic target for NDDs. Thus, several researchers are working in the directions to find potential therapeutic targets to alter the disease pathology and treat the diseases. Several steps have been taken to identify the early detection of the disease and drug repurposing for effective treatment of NDDs. Moreover, it is logical that current medications are being evaluated for their efficacy in treating such disorders; therefore, drug repurposing would be an efficient, safe, and cost-effective way in finding out better medication. In the current manuscript we discussed the utilization of drugs that have been repurposed for the treatment of AD, PD, HD, MS, and ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halak Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Diana John
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Shuvomoy Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anand Krishna Tiwari
- Genetics and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
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4
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Wu Z, Cardona EA, Pierce JT. Non-apoptotic role of EGL-1 in exopher production and neuronal health in Caenorhabditis elegans. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.19.590348. [PMID: 38712027 PMCID: PMC11071422 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.19.590348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
While traditionally studied for their pro-apoptotic functions, recent research suggests BH3-only proteins also have non-apoptotic roles. Here, we find that EGL-1, the BH3-only protein in Caenorhabditis elegans , promotes the cell-autonomous production of exophers in adult neurons. Exophers are large, micron-scale vesicles that are ejected from the cell and contain cellular components such as mitochondria. EGL-1 facilitates exopher production potentially through regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. Moreover, an endogenous, low level of EGL-1 expression appears to benefit dendritic health. Our findings provide insights into the mechanistic role of BH3-only protein in mitochondrial dynamics, downstream exopher production, and ultimately neuronal health. Significance statement BH3-only proteins were known for their function in inducing cell death. Their presence in healthy adult neurons, however, suggests additional roles. Our study focused on the BH3-only protein EGL-1 in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans , where its apoptotic role was discovered. We reveal a new role in cell-autonomously promoting exopher production - a process where neurons extrude large vesicles containing potentially harmful cell contents. EGL-1 appears to promote this by regulating mitochondrial dynamics. We also report that low levels of EGL-1 benefit neuronal health and function. These findings expand our understanding of BH3-only proteins, mitochondrial dynamics, and exopher production in neurons and provide insights for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Singh R, Rathore AS, Dilnashin H, Keshri PK, Gupta NK, Prakash SAS, Zahra W, Singh S, Singh SP. HAT and HDAC: Enzyme with Contradictory Action in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04115-6. [PMID: 38587698 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04115-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
In view of the increasing risk of neurodegenerative diseases, epigenetics plays a fundamental role in the field of neuroscience. Several modifications have been studied including DNA methylation, histone acetylation, histone phosphorylation, etc. Histone acetylation and deacetylation regulate gene expression, and the regular activity of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) provides regulatory stages for gene expression and cell cycle. Imbalanced homeostasis in these enzymes causes a detrimental effect on neurophysiological function. Intriguingly, epigenetic remodelling via histone acetylation in certain brain areas has been found to play a key role in the neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. It has been demonstrated that a number of HATs have a role in crucial brain processes such regulating neuronal plasticity and memory formation. The most recent therapeutic methods involve the use of small molecules known as histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors that antagonize HDAC activity thereby increase acetylation levels in order to prevent the loss of HAT function in neurodegenerative disorders. The target specificity of the HDAC inhibitors now in use raises concerns about their applicability, despite the fact that this strategy has demonstrated promising therapeutic outcomes. The aim of this review is to summarize the cross-linking between histone modification and its regulation in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. Furthermore, these findings also support the notion of new pharmacotherapies that target particular areas of the brain using histone deacetylase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005 (U.P.), India
| | - Aaina Singh Rathore
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005 (U.P.), India
| | - Hagera Dilnashin
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005 (U.P.), India
| | - Priyanka Kumari Keshri
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005 (U.P.), India
| | - Nitesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005 (U.P.), India
| | - Singh Ankit Satya Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005 (U.P.), India
| | - Walia Zahra
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005 (U.P.), India
| | - Shekhar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005 (U.P.), India
| | - Surya Pratap Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005 (U.P.), India.
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6
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Almeida VN. Somatostatin and the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102270. [PMID: 38484981 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Among the central features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression are altered levels of the neuropeptide somatostatin (SST), and the colocalisation of SST-positive interneurons (SST-INs) with amyloid-β plaques, leading to cell death. In this theoretical review, I propose a molecular model for the pathogenesis of AD based on SST-IN hypofunction and hyperactivity. Namely, hypofunctional and hyperactive SST-INs struggle to control hyperactivity in medial regions in early stages, leading to axonal Aβ production through excessive presynaptic GABAB inhibition, GABAB1a/APP complex downregulation and internalisation. Concomitantly, excessive SST-14 release accumulates near SST-INs in the form of amyloids, which bind to Aβ to form toxic mixed oligomers. This leads to differential SST-IN death through excitotoxicity, further disinhibition, SST deficits, and increased Aβ release, fibrillation and plaque formation. Aβ plaques, hyperactive networks and SST-IN distributions thereby tightly overlap in the brain. Conversely, chronic stimulation of postsynaptic SST2/4 on gulutamatergic neurons by hyperactive SST-INs promotes intense Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) p38 activity, leading to somatodendritic p-tau staining and apoptosis/neurodegeneration - in agreement with a near complete overlap between p38 and neurofibrillary tangles. This model is suitable to explain some of the principal risk factors and markers of AD progression, including mitochondrial dysfunction, APOE4 genotype, sex-dependent vulnerability, overactive glial cells, dystrophic neurites, synaptic/spine losses, inter alia. Finally, the model can also shed light on qualitative aspects of AD neuropsychology, especially within the domains of spatial and declarative (episodic, semantic) memory, under an overlying pattern of contextual indiscrimination, ensemble instability, interference and generalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor N Almeida
- Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil; Faculty of Languages, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil.
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7
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Mitsuishi Y, Nakano M, Kojima H, Okabe T, Nishimura M. Reduction of Amyloid-β Production without Inhibiting Secretase Activity by MS-275. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1234-1241. [PMID: 38416107 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain amyloid-β (Aβ) governs the pathogenic process of Alzheimer's disease. Clinical trials to assess the disease-modifying effects of inhibitors or modulators of β- and γ-secretases have not shown clinical benefit and can cause serious adverse events. Previously, we found that the interleukin-like epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition inducer (ILEI, also known as FAM3C) negatively regulates the Aβ production through a decrease in Aβ immediate precursor, without the inhibition of β- and γ-secretase activity. Herein, we found that MS-275, a benzamide derivative that is known to inhibit histone deacetylases (HDACs), exhibits ILEI-like activity to reduce Aβ production independent of HDAC inhibition. Chronic MS-275 treatment decreased Aβ deposition in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Overall, our results indicate that MS-275 is a potential therapeutic candidate for efficiently reducing brain Aβ accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachiyo Mitsuishi
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Masaki Nakano
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Hirotatsu Kojima
- Drug Discovery Institute, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Okabe
- Drug Discovery Institute, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishimura
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Yoka Municipal Hospital, Hyogo 667-0051, Japan
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8
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Locskai LF, Alyenbaawi H, Allison WT. Antiepileptic Drugs as Potential Dementia Prophylactics Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 64:577-598. [PMID: 37788493 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051921-013930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Seizures and other forms of neurovolatility are emerging as druggable prodromal mechanisms that link traumatic brain injury (TBI) to the progression of later dementias. TBI neurotrauma has both acute and long-term impacts on health, and TBI is a leading risk factor for dementias, including chronic traumatic encephalopathy and Alzheimer's disease. Treatment of TBI already considers acute management of posttraumatic seizures and epilepsy, and impressive efforts have optimized regimens of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) toward that goal. Here we consider that expanding these management strategies could determine which AED regimens best prevent dementia progression in TBI patients. Challenges with this prophylactic strategy include the potential consequences of prolonged AED treatment and that a large subset of patients are refractory to available AEDs. Addressing these challenges is warranted because the management of seizure activity following TBI offers a rare opportunity to prevent the onset or progression of devastating dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo F Locskai
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;
| | - Hadeel Alyenbaawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - W Ted Allison
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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9
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Chen TJ, Hung HS, Cheng TL, Wang DC. Histone deacetylase inhibitor attenuates the effects of 27-hydroxycholesterol on the rat brain. Neurosci Lett 2024; 818:137533. [PMID: 37865186 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Plasma cholesterol does not pass the blood-brain barrier whereas its metabolite 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) can enter the brain. High 27-OHC in the brain has been suggested to mediate hypercholesterolemia-induced impairments of learning and memory through promoting amyloid-β accumulation and facilitating synaptic disruption. In AD brains, the activity of histone deacetylase (HDAC) is elevated. Treating AD animals with HDAC inhibitors decreases amyloid-β levels and synaptic damages, which leads to memory improvement. Whether HDAC activity is involved in the actions of 27-OHC is still uncertain. In this study, 4 weekly injections of 27-OHC/vehicle were given to rats followed by 3 daily injections of HDAC inhibitor trichostatin (TSA)/vehicle. The results of Morris water maze test reveal that all rats have intact spatial learning ability during the 5-d training phase. However, the behavioral performance during the probe trial was impaired by 27-OHC treatment, which was improved by adding TSA treatments. Furthermore, 27-OHC treatments reduced the hippocampal levels of acetylated histone H3, acetylated α tubulin, insulin-degrading enzyme and postsynaptic protein PSD-95, indicating that 27-OHC treatments may induce enhanced HDAC activity, decreased amyloid-β clearance and synaptic disruption. All reduced levels returned to the basal levels by adding TSA treatments. These findings support our hypothesis that HDAC activity is enhanced following long-term exposure to excess 27-OHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsan-Ju Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Shan Hung
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Dean-Chuan Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Sports Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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10
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Ma Y, Wang W, Liu S, Qiao X, Xing Y, Zhou Q, Zhang Z. Epigenetic Regulation of Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2023; 13:79. [PMID: 38201283 PMCID: PMC10778497 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease and clinically manifests with cognitive decline and behavioral disabilities. Over the past years, mounting studies have demonstrated that the inflammatory response plays a key role in the onset and development of AD, and neuroinflammation has been proposed as the third major pathological driving factor of AD, ranking after the two well-known core pathologies, amyloid β (Aβ) deposits and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Epigenetic mechanisms, referring to heritable changes in gene expression independent of DNA sequence alterations, are crucial regulators of neuroinflammation which have emerged as potential therapeutic targets for AD. Upon regulation of transcriptional repression or activation, epigenetic modification profiles are closely involved in inflammatory gene expression and signaling pathways of neuronal differentiation and cognitive function in central nervous system disorders. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about epigenetic control mechanisms with a focus on DNA and histone modifications involved in the regulation of inflammatory genes and signaling pathways in AD, and the inhibitors under clinical assessment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Ma
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China;
| | - Wang Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (W.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Sufang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX 75246, USA;
| | - Xiaomeng Qiao
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Ying Xing
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (W.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China;
| | - Zhijian Zhang
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China;
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11
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Adiga D, Eswaran S, Sriharikrishnaa S, Khan NG, Prasada Kabekkodu S, Kumar D. Epigenetics of Alzheimer’s Disease: Past, Present and Future. ENZYMATIC TARGETS FOR DRUG DISCOVERY AGAINST ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE 2023:27-72. [DOI: 10.2174/9789815136142123010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) exemplifies a looming epidemic lacking effective
treatment and manifests with the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid-β
plaques, neuroinflammation, behavioral changes, and acute cognitive impairments. It is
a complex, multifactorial disorder that arises from the intricate interaction between
environment and genetic factors, restrained via epigenetic machinery. Though the
research progress has improved the understanding of clinical manifestations and
disease advancement, the causal mechanism of detrimental consequences remains
undefined. Despite the substantial improvement in recent diagnostic modalities, it is
challenging to distinguish AD from other forms of dementia. Accurate diagnosis is a
major glitch in AD as it banks on the symptoms and clinical criteria. Several studies are
underway in exploring novel and reliable biomarkers for AD. In this direction,
epigenetic alterations have transpired as key modulators in AD pathogenesis with the
impeding inferences for the management of this neurological disorder. The present
chapter aims to discuss the significance of epigenetic modifications reported in the
pathophysiology of AD such as DNA methylation, hydroxy-methylation, methylation
of mtDNA, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs. Additionally, the chapter also
describes the possible therapeutic avenues that target epigenetic modifications in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Adiga
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy
of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal – 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sangavi Eswaran
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy
of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal – 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - S. Sriharikrishnaa
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy
of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal – 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Nadeem G. Khan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy
of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal – 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy
of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal – 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth
(Deemed to be University), Erandwane, Pune – 411038, Maharashtra, India
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12
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Daniels SD, Boison D. Bipolar mania and epilepsy pathophysiology and treatment may converge in purine metabolism: A new perspective on available evidence. Neuropharmacology 2023; 241:109756. [PMID: 37820933 PMCID: PMC10841508 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Decreased ATPergic signaling is an increasingly recognized pathophysiology in bipolar mania disease models. In parallel, adenosine deficit is increasingly recognized in epilepsy pathophysiology. Under-recognized ATP and/or adenosine-increasing mechanisms of several antimanic and antiseizure therapies including lithium, valproate, carbamazepine, and ECT suggest a fundamental pathogenic role of adenosine deficit in bipolar mania to match the established role of adenosine deficit in epilepsy. The depletion of adenosine-derivatives within the purine cycle is expected to result in a compensatory increase in oxopurines (uric acid precursors) and secondarily increased uric acid, observed in both bipolar mania and epilepsy. Cortisol-based inhibition of purine conversion to adenosine-derivatives may be reflected in observed uric acid increases and the well-established contribution of cortisol to both bipolar mania and epilepsy pathology. Cortisol-inhibited conversion from IMP to AMP as precursor of both ATP and adenosine may represent a mechanism for treatment resistance common in both bipolar mania and epilepsy. Anti-cortisol therapies may therefore augment other treatments both in bipolar mania and epilepsy. Evidence linking (i) adenosine deficit with a decreased need for sleep, (ii) IMP/cGMP excess with compulsive hypersexuality, and (iii) guanosine excess with grandiose delusions may converge to suggest a novel theory of bipolar mania as a condition characterized by disrupted purine metabolism. The potential for disease-modification and prevention related to adenosine-mediated epigenetic changes in epilepsy may be mirrored in mania. Evaluating the purinergic effects of existing agents and validating purine dysregulation may improve diagnosis and treatment in bipolar mania and epilepsy and provide specific targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Daniels
- Hutchings Psychiatric Center, New York State Office of Mental Health, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Detlev Boison
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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13
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Lai S, Wang P, Gong J, Zhang S. New insights into the role of GSK-3β in the brain: from neurodegenerative disease to tumorigenesis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16635. [PMID: 38107562 PMCID: PMC10722984 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a serine/threonine kinase widely expressed in various tissues and organs. Unlike other kinases, GSK-3 is active under resting conditions and is inactivated upon stimulation. In mammals, GSK-3 includes GSK-3 α and GSK-3β isoforms encoded by two homologous genes, namely, GSK3A and GSK3B. GSK-3β is essential for the control of glucose metabolism, signal transduction, and tissue homeostasis. As more than 100 known proteins have been identified as GSK-3β substrates, it is sometimes referred to as a moonlighting kinase. Previous studies have elucidated the regulation modes of GSK-3β. GSK-3β is involved in almost all aspects of brain functions, such as neuronal morphology, synapse formation, neuroinflammation, and neurological disorders. Recently, several comparatively specific small molecules have facilitated the chemical manipulation of this enzyme within cellular systems, leading to the discovery of novel inhibitors for GSK-3β. Despite these advancements, the therapeutic significance of GSK-3β as a drug target is still complicated by uncertainties surrounding the potential of inhibitors to stimulate tumorigenesis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the intricate mechanisms of this enzyme and evaluates the existing evidence regarding the therapeutic potential of GSK-3β in brain diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, mood disorders, and glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenjin Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingru Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuaishuai Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Gamit N, Patil M, B Sundrappa S, Sundaram SM, Sethi G, Dharmarajan A, Warrier S. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived rapid drug screening system for Alzheimer's disease for the identification of novel drugs. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:1496-1512. [PMID: 37571798 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
A reliable and efficient in vitro model is needed to screen drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD), as many drugs are currently in the developmental stage. To address this, we developed an in vitro model using amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AM-MSCs) to screen novel drugs for AD. We differentiated AM-MSCs into neurons and degenerated them using beta amyloid1-42 (Aß). We then tested AD drugs, which are commercially available such as donepezil, rivastigmine, memantine, citicoline, and two novel drugs, that is, probucol, an anti-hyperlipidaemic drug, and NMJ-2, a cinnamic acid analogue for their potential to protect the cells against neurodegeneration. We used gene expression and immunofluorescence staining to assess the neuroprotective ability of these drugs. We also measured the ability of these drugs to reduce lactate dehydrogenase, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide levels, as well as their ability to stabilize the mitochondrial membrane potential and increase acetylcholine (ACh) levels. The AD drugs and novel drugs reduced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress, stabilized mitochondrial membrane potential, and restored ACh levels. Furthermore, they reduced BACE1 expression, with a concomitant increase in the expression of cholinergic markers. This AM-MSCs-based AD-like model has immense potential to be an accurate human model and an alternative to animal models for testing a large number of lead compounds in a short time. Our results also suggest that the novel drugs probucol and NMJ-2 may protect against Aß-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naisarg Gamit
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, India
| | - Manasi Patil
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, India
| | - Soumya B Sundrappa
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, India
| | - S Mohana Sundaram
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, India
- Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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15
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Jeremic D, Jiménez-Díaz L, Navarro-López JD. Targeting epigenetics: A novel promise for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102003. [PMID: 37422087 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
So far, the search for a cure for Alzheimer Disease (AD) has been unsuccessful. The only approved drugs attenuate some symptoms, but do not halt the progress of this disease, which affects 50 million people worldwide and will increase its incidence in the coming decades. Such scenario demands new therapeutic approaches to fight against this devastating dementia. In recent years, multi-omics research and the analysis of differential epigenetic marks in AD subjects have contributed to our understanding of AD; however, the impact of epigenetic research is yet to be seen. This review integrates the most recent data on pathological processes and epigenetic changes relevant for aging and AD, as well as current therapies targeting epigenetic machinery in clinical trials. Evidence shows that epigenetic modifications play a key role in gene expression, which could provide multi-target preventative and therapeutic approaches in AD. Both novel and repurposed drugs are employed in AD clinical trials due to their epigenetic effects, as well as increasing number of natural compounds. Given the reversible nature of epigenetic modifications and the complexity of gene-environment interactions, the combination of epigenetic-based therapies with environmental strategies and drugs with multiple targets might be needed to properly help AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danko Jeremic
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, NeuroPhysiology & Behavior Lab, Biomedical Research Center (CRIB), School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Lydia Jiménez-Díaz
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, NeuroPhysiology & Behavior Lab, Biomedical Research Center (CRIB), School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Juan D Navarro-López
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, NeuroPhysiology & Behavior Lab, Biomedical Research Center (CRIB), School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, Spain.
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16
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Bosco F, Guarnieri L, Rania V, Palma E, Citraro R, Corasaniti MT, Leo A, De Sarro G. Antiseizure Medications in Alzheimer's Disease from Preclinical to Clinical Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12639. [PMID: 37628821 PMCID: PMC10454935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and epilepsy are common neurological disorders in the elderly. A bi-directional link between these neurological diseases has been reported, with patients with either condition carrying almost a two-fold risk of contracting the other compared to healthy subjects. AD/epilepsy adversely affects patients' quality of life and represents a severe public health problem. Thus, identifying the relationship between epilepsy and AD represents an ongoing challenge and continuing need. Seizures in AD patients are often unrecognized because they are often nonconvulsive and sometimes mimic some behavioral symptoms of AD. Regarding this, it has been hypothesized that epileptogenesis and neurodegeneration share common underlying mechanisms. Targeted treatment to decrease epileptiform activity could represent a valuable strategy for delaying the neurodegenerative process and related cognitive impairment. Several preclinical studies have shown that some antiseizure medications (ASMs) targeting abnormal network hyperexcitability may change the natural progression of AD. However, to date, no guidelines are available for managing seizures in AD patients because of the paucity of randomized clinical trials sufficient for answering the correlated questions. Future AD clinical studies are mandatory to update clinicians about the symptomatic treatment of seizures in AD patients and recognize whether ASM therapy could change the natural progression of the disease, thereby rescuing cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bosco
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.B.); (L.G.); (V.R.); (R.C.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.B.); (L.G.); (V.R.); (R.C.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Rania
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.B.); (L.G.); (V.R.); (R.C.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.P.); (M.T.C.)
| | - Rita Citraro
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.B.); (L.G.); (V.R.); (R.C.); (G.D.S.)
- System and Applied Pharmacology, University Magna Graecia (FAS@UMG) Research Center, Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Tiziana Corasaniti
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.P.); (M.T.C.)
| | - Antonio Leo
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.B.); (L.G.); (V.R.); (R.C.); (G.D.S.)
- System and Applied Pharmacology, University Magna Graecia (FAS@UMG) Research Center, Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.B.); (L.G.); (V.R.); (R.C.); (G.D.S.)
- System and Applied Pharmacology, University Magna Graecia (FAS@UMG) Research Center, Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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17
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Hou Y, Yeung J, Xu H, Su C, Wang F, Zhang R. From Answers to Insights: Unveiling the Strengths and Limitations of ChatGPT and Biomedical Knowledge Graphs. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3185632. [PMID: 37577545 PMCID: PMC10418534 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3185632/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown exceptional performance in various natural language processing tasks, benefiting from their language generation capabilities and ability to acquire knowledge from unstructured text. However, in the biomedical domain, LLMs face limitations that lead to inaccurate and inconsistent answers. Knowledge Graphs (KGs) have emerged as valuable resources for organizing structured information. Biomedical Knowledge Graphs (BKGs) have gained significant attention for managing diverse and large-scale biomedical knowledge. The objective of this study is to assess and compare the capabilities of ChatGPT and existing BKGs in question-answering, biomedical knowledge discovery, and reasoning tasks within the biomedical domain. Methods We conducted a series of experiments to assess the performance of ChatGPT and the BKGs in various aspects of querying existing biomedical knowledge, knowledge discovery, and knowledge reasoning. Firstly, we tasked ChatGPT with answering questions sourced from the "Alternative Medicine" sub-category of Yahoo! Answers and recorded the responses. Additionally, we queried BKG to retrieve the relevant knowledge records corresponding to the questions and assessed them manually. In another experiment, we formulated a prediction scenario to assess ChatGPT's ability to suggest potential drug/dietary supplement repurposing candidates. Simultaneously, we utilized BKG to perform link prediction for the same task. The outcomes of ChatGPT and BKG were compared and analyzed. Furthermore, we evaluated ChatGPT and BKG's capabilities in establishing associations between pairs of proposed entities. This evaluation aimed to assess their reasoning abilities and the extent to which they can infer connections within the knowledge domain. Results The results indicate that ChatGPT with GPT-4.0 outperforms both GPT-3.5 and BKGs in providing existing information. However, BKGs demonstrate higher reliability in terms of information accuracy. ChatGPT exhibits limitations in performing novel discoveries and reasoning, particularly in establishing structured links between entities compared to BKGs. Conclusions To address the limitations observed, future research should focus on integrating LLMs and BKGs to leverage the strengths of both approaches. Such integration would optimize task performance and mitigate potential risks, leading to advancements in knowledge within the biomedical field and contributing to the overall well-being of individuals.
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18
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Benghanem S, Mesli F, Fatima Zohra HA, Nacereddine C, Hadjer C, Abdellatif M. Discovery of novel and highly potential inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta (GSK-3β) through structure-based pharmacophore modeling, virtual computational screening, docking and in silico ADMET analysis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37498130 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2238062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The protein Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3-Beta (GSK-3β), is a promising therapeutic target for treating various diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, inflammation and cancer. This study aims to investigate the potential of compounds targeting inflammation or carbohydrate metabolism to selectively inhibit GSK3β by binding to its ATP site. To achieve this goal, we filtered a database of 49367 molecules involved in carbohydrate metabolism or targeting inflammation using various computational analyses, including pharmacophore modeling, molecular docking, dynamic simulation, prime MM-GBSA calculation, and in silico ADME studies. We generated a pharmacophore model (hypo S: AADDHRR) using two different crystallographic complexes of GSK3β and evaluated the model's performance in identifying hits using various parameters, including EF, GH, ROC, AUC and BEDROC. Subsequently, we performed various dockings (HTVS, SP, XP and IFD) for the retrieved hits and found that, 5 out of the top 10 ranked compounds had the scaffold of pyrazolidine 3,5-dione, which has never been reported to inhibit kinases. We also conducted ADMET studies to and concluded that compound N6 exhibited the best pharmacokinetic profile passing the blood-brain barrier, possessing high lipophilicity and a high coefficient of skin permeability in the intestines, along with good bioavailability and low toxicity risk assessment. Dynamic simulation were also performed indicating that compounds N6 derived from pyrazolidine 3,5-dione demonstrated better binding potential for GSK3β during the simulation period. Therefore, we propose that compounds derived from pyrazolidine-3,5-dione, which modulate the activity of lysosomal alpha-glucosidase could serve as a novel scaffold for the selective inhibition of GSK-3β.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumia Benghanem
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Therapeutic Chemistry, Tlemcen University, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Fouzia Mesli
- Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Natural and Bio-Actives Substances, Tlemcen University, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Hadjadj Aoul Fatima Zohra
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Therapeutic Chemistry, Benyoucef Benkhadda University, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Chaida Nacereddine
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Therapeutic Chemistry, Tlemcen University, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Chenaffa Hadjer
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Therapeutic Chemistry, Tlemcen University, Tlemcen, Algeria
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19
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Zhang Y, Chen H, Li R, Sterling K, Song W. Amyloid β-based therapy for Alzheimer's disease: challenges, successes and future. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:248. [PMID: 37386015 PMCID: PMC10310781 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β protein (Aβ) is the main component of neuritic plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and its accumulation has been considered as the molecular driver of Alzheimer's pathogenesis and progression. Aβ has been the prime target for the development of AD therapy. However, the repeated failures of Aβ-targeted clinical trials have cast considerable doubt on the amyloid cascade hypothesis and whether the development of Alzheimer's drug has followed the correct course. However, the recent successes of Aβ targeted trials have assuaged those doubts. In this review, we discussed the evolution of the amyloid cascade hypothesis over the last 30 years and summarized its application in Alzheimer's diagnosis and modification. In particular, we extensively discussed the pitfalls, promises and important unanswered questions regarding the current anti-Aβ therapy, as well as strategies for further study and development of more feasible Aβ-targeted approaches in the optimization of AD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Huaqiu Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Keenan Sterling
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Weihong Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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20
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Hou Y, Yeung J, Xu H, Su C, Wang F, Zhang R. From Answers to Insights: Unveiling the Strengths and Limitations of ChatGPT and Biomedical Knowledge Graphs. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.06.09.23291208. [PMID: 37398259 PMCID: PMC10312889 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.09.23291208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance in various natural language processing tasks, utilizing their language generation capabilities and knowledge acquisition potential from unstructured text. However, when applied to the biomedical domain, LLMs encounter limitations, resulting in erroneous and inconsistent answers. Knowledge Graphs (KGs) have emerged as valuable resources for structured information representation and organization. Specifically, Biomedical Knowledge Graphs (BKGs) have attracted significant interest in managing large-scale and heterogeneous biomedical knowledge. This study evaluates the capabilities of ChatGPT and existing BKGs in question answering, knowledge discovery, and reasoning. Results indicate that while ChatGPT with GPT-4.0 surpasses both GPT-3.5 and BKGs in providing existing information, BKGs demonstrate superior information reliability. Additionally, ChatGPT exhibits limitations in performing novel discoveries and reasoning, particularly in establishing structured links between entities compared to BKGs. To overcome these limitations, future research should focus on integrating LLMs and BKGs to leverage their respective strengths. Such an integrated approach would optimize task performance and mitigate potential risks, thereby advancing knowledge in the biomedical field and contributing to overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hou
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jeremy Yeung
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Hua Xu
- Section of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Chang Su
- Department of Health Service Administration and Policy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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21
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Lu Y, Huang X, Liang W, Li Y, Xing M, Pan W, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Song W. Regulation of TREM2 expression by transcription factor YY1 and its protective effect against Alzheimer's Disease. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104688. [PMID: 37044212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
TREM2 encoding the transmembrane receptor protein TREM2 is a risk gene of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the impairment of TREM2 functions in microglia due to mutations in TREM2 may significantly increase the risk of AD by promoting AD pathologies. However, how the expression of TREM2 is regulated and the transcription factors required for TREM2 expression are largely unknown. By luciferase assay, DNA pull-down and in silico predictions, we identified ying-yang-1(YY1) as a binding protein of the minimal promoter of the TREM2 gene, and the binding was further confirmed by EMSA and DNA pull-down assay. shRNA-mediated YY1 silencing significantly reduced the activity of the TREM2 minimal promoter and TREM2 protein levels in the microglial cell line BV2 and the neuroblastoma Neuro2A. Furthermore, we found that the levels of TREM2 and YY1 were both downregulated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated BV2 cells and in the brain of AD model mice. These results demonstrated that YY1 plays a crucial role in regulation of TREM2 expression. Our study suggests that microglial YY1 could be targeted to maintain TREM2 expression for AD prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Lu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Wenping Liang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yu Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Mengen Xing
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Wenhao Pan
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Weihong Song
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China; Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
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22
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Histone Modifications in Alzheimer's Disease. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020347. [PMID: 36833274 PMCID: PMC9956192 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Since Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) derives from a combination of genetic variants and environmental factors, epigenetic modifications have been predicted to play a role in the etiopathology of LOAD. Along with DNA methylation, histone modifications have been proposed as the main epigenetic modifications that contribute to the pathologic mechanisms of LOAD; however, little is known about how these mechanisms contribute to the disease's onset or progression. In this review, we highlighted the main histone modifications and their functional role, including histone acetylation, histone methylation, and histone phosphorylation, as well as changes in such histone modifications that occur in the aging process and mainly in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Furthermore, we pointed out the main epigenetic drugs tested for AD treatment, such as those based on histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. Finally, we remarked on the perspectives around the use of such epigenetics drugs for treating AD.
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23
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Luo B, Chen J, Zhou GF, Xie XY, Tang J, Wen QX, Song L, Xie SQ, Long Y, Chen GJ, Hu XT. Apicidin attenuates memory deficits by reducing the Aβ load in APP/PS1 mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:1300-1311. [PMID: 36708130 PMCID: PMC10068467 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Amyloid beta (Aβ) is an important pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) can reduce the production of toxic Aβ by activating the nonamyloidogenic pathway of amyloid precursor protein (APP). We previously found that apicidin, which is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, can promote the expression of ADAM10 and reduce the production of Aβ in vitro. This study was designed to determine the potential of apicidin treatment to reverse learning and memory impairments in an AD mouse model and the possible correlation of these effects with ADAM10. METHODS Nine-month-old APP/PS1 mice and C57 mice received intraperitoneal injections of apicidin or vehicle for 2 months. At 11 months of age, we evaluated the memory performance of mice with Morris water maze (MWM) and context fear conditioning tests. The Aβ levels were assessed in mouse brain using the immunohistochemical method and ELISA. The expression of corresponding protein involved in proteolytic processing of APP and the phosphorylation of tau were assessed by Western blotting. RESULTS Apicidin reversed the deficits of spatial reference memory and contextual fear memory, attenuated the formation of Aβ-enriched plaques, and decreased the levels of soluble and insoluble Aβ40/42 in APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, apicidin significantly increased the expression of ADAM10, improved the level of sAPPα, and reduced the production of sAPPβ, but did not affect the levels of phosphorylated tau in APP/PS1 mice. CONCLUSION Apicidin significantly improves the AD symptoms of APP/PS1 mice by regulating the expression of ADAM10, which may contribute to decreasing the levels of Aβ rather than decreasing the phosphorylation of tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Gui-Feng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi-Xin Wen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Shi-Qi Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Health Management, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guo-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Hu
- Department of Health Management, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurology, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
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Jiang D, Li T, Guo C, Tang TS, Liu H. Small molecule modulators of chromatin remodeling: from neurodevelopment to neurodegeneration. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:10. [PMID: 36647159 PMCID: PMC9841685 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00953-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic changes in chromatin conformation alter the organization and structure of the genome and further regulate gene transcription. Basically, the chromatin structure is controlled by reversible, enzyme-catalyzed covalent modifications to chromatin components and by noncovalent ATP-dependent modifications via chromatin remodeling complexes, including switch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF), inositol-requiring 80 (INO80), imitation switch (ISWI) and chromodomain-helicase DNA-binding protein (CHD) complexes. Recent studies have shown that chromatin remodeling is essential in different stages of postnatal and adult neurogenesis. Chromatin deregulation, which leads to defects in epigenetic gene regulation and further pathological gene expression programs, often causes a wide range of pathologies. This review first gives an overview of the regulatory mechanisms of chromatin remodeling. We then focus mainly on discussing the physiological functions of chromatin remodeling, particularly histone and DNA modifications and the four classes of ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling enzymes, in the central and peripheral nervous systems under healthy and pathological conditions, that is, in neurodegenerative disorders. Finally, we provide an update on the development of potent and selective small molecule modulators targeting various chromatin-modifying proteins commonly associated with neurodegenerative diseases and their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Jiang
- grid.458458.00000 0004 1792 6416State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Tingting Li
- grid.458458.00000 0004 1792 6416State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Caixia Guo
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences/China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Tie-Shan Tang
- grid.458458.00000 0004 1792 6416State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.512959.3Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- grid.458458.00000 0004 1792 6416State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.512959.3Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101 China
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25
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Zhang L, Liu Y, Lu Y, Wang G. Targeting epigenetics as a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Li Y, Lin S, Gu Z, Chen L, He B. Zinc-dependent deacetylases (HDACs) as potential targets for treating Alzheimer’s disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 76:129015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.129015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Protective effects of L-carnitine against valproic acid-induced memory impairment and anxiety-like behavior in adult rat. Physiol Behav 2022; 253:113853. [PMID: 35609723 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to explore the effects of valproic acid (VPA) on spatial and passive avoidance learning and memory as well as to assess the protective effects of L-Carnitine (LC) against VPA-induced memory deficit in the rat. Male Wistar rats received VPA (300 mg/kg/daily by i.p. injection), or LC (50 mg/kg/ daily by i.p. injection), or co-treatment with VPA and LC for 28 days. Following 28 days, Elevated Plus-Maze (EPM), Morris Water Maze (MWM), and Passive Avoidance Learning (PAL) tasks were used to evaluate the anxiety-like behavior and spatial and passive learning and memory, respectively. Our results showed that VPA has no effect on memory acquisition (in both MWM and PAL) but induced reference memory impairment. We demonstrated that treatment with LC partially ameliorated the impairment in the retrieval of reference memory and passive avoidance learning. Moreover, VPA increased anxiety-like behavior, which was partially reversed by the administration of LC. In conclusion, these results show that LC is effective in counteracting the anxiety-like behavior and reference memory impairment caused by VPA. Therefore, LC may serve as a possible therapeutic agent for VPA-induced memory change.
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Zheng XY, Zhang HC, Lv YD, Jin FY, Wu XJ, Zhu J, Ruan Y. Levetiracetam alleviates cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease animal model by ameliorating the dysfunction of the neuronal network. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:888784. [PMID: 36092803 PMCID: PMC9452890 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.888784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have a significantly higher risk of seizures than other individuals in an age-matched population, suggesting a close association between epilepsy and AD. We aimed to examine the effects of levetiracetam (LEV)—a drug for treating seizures—on learning and memory and the neuropathological features of AD. Methods We crossbred APP23 mice with microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) transgenic mice to generate APP23/MAPT mice. These mice were treated with different concentrations of LEV in the presence of kainic acid (KA) for 3 months. Results Low doses of LEV alleviated the effects of KA on memory defects in APP23/MAPT mice. Mechanistic investigations showed that low concentrations of LEV decreased tau phosphorylation by reducing the activities of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and glycogen synthase kinase 3α/β, thus rescuing neurons from synaptic dystrophy and apoptosis. Low doses of LEV inhibited the effects of KA (i.e., inducing neuroinflammation and impairing the autophagy of amyloid β-peptide), thus improving cognitive decline. High concentrations of LEV decreased the production and deposition of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) by reducing the expression of β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 and presenilin 1. However, high concentrations of LEV also induced neuronal apoptosis, decreased movement ability in mice, and did not alleviate cognitive decline in AD mice. Conclusion Our results support the hypothesis that aberrant network activity contributes to the synaptic and cognitive deficits in APP23/MAPT mice. A low concentration of LEV may help ameliorate abnormalities of AD; however, a high LEV concentration did not induce similar results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yu Zheng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xiang-Yu Zheng,
| | - Hai-Chen Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu-Dan Lv
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng-Yan Jin
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Wu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yang Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Yang Ruan,
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29
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Wu MS, Li XJ, Liu CY, Xu Q, Huang JQ, Gu S, Chen JX. Effects of Histone Modification in Major Depressive Disorder. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1261-1277. [PMID: 34551699 PMCID: PMC9881074 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210922150043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a disease associated with many factors; specifically, environmental, genetic, psychological, and biological factors play critical roles. Recent studies have demonstrated that histone modification may occur in the human brain in response to severely stressful events, resulting in transcriptional changes and the development of MDD. In this review, we discuss five different histone modifications, histone methylation, histone acetylation, histone phosphorylation, histone crotonylation and histone β-hydroxybutyrylation, and their relationships with MDD. The utility of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDACis) for MDD treatment is also discussed. As a large number of MDD patients in China have been treated with traditional Chineses medicine (TCM), we also discuss some TCM therapies, such as Xiaoyaosan (XYS), and their effects on histone modification. In summary, targeting histone modification may be a new strategy for elucidating the mechanism of MDD and a new direction for MDD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Si Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China;
| | - Xiao-Juan Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China;
| | - Chen-Yue Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China;
| | - Qiuyue Xu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China;
| | - Jun-Qing Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China;
| | - Simeng Gu
- Department of Psychology, Jiangsu University Medical School, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; ,Address correspondence to this author at the Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; E-mail:
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30
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Tumanova NL, Vasilev DS, Dubrovskaya NM, Nalivaeva NN. Neurodegenerative Changes in the Structural and Ultrastructural Organization in the Pyriform Cortex of 5xFAD Transgenic Mice. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022040251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Tian C, Huang S, Xu Z, Liu W, Li D, Liu M, Zhu C, Wu L, Jiang X, Ding H, Zhao Q. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of β-carboline 1,3,4-oxadiazole based hybrids as HDAC inhibitors with potential antitumor effects. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 64:128663. [PMID: 35272009 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel β-carboline 1,3,4-oxadiazole based hybrids were designed, synthesized, and tested for cytotoxicity and HDAC inhibition. Among the target compounds, compound ZDLT-1 displayed high inhibitory activity for class I HDACs 1, 2, and 3, and potent anti-proliferative activity against HCT116 cells with an IC50 value of 0.173 ± 0.018 μM, it also exhibited better inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 6 nM for HDAC6 than SAHA (IC50 = 15 nM). Furthermore, the pharmacological experiment of Hoechst staining, colony formation, cell apoptosis assay, and wound healing scratch assay indicated that compound ZDLT-1 was a potent cytotoxic agent against HCT116 cells with cell apoptosis induction. Further, in silico prediction of physicochemical properties, drug-likeness, and ADME parameters suggested that compound ZDLT-1 is a promising anticancer agent. Taken together, the high potency cytotoxicity and class I HDACs inhibitory activity of compound ZDLT-1, which with the β-carboline 1,3,4-oxadiazole based hybrids as potent anticancer agents could be nominated for further modification and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caizhi Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Shuoqi Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, PR China; School of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Zihua Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, PR China
| | - Wenwu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Deping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Mingyue Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, PR China; School of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Chengze Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Limeng Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Huaiwei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Qingchun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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32
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Ilina A, Khavinson V, Linkova N, Petukhov M. Neuroepigenetic Mechanisms of Action of Ultrashort Peptides in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084259. [PMID: 35457077 PMCID: PMC9032300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is necessary for maintaining higher-order cognitive functions (learning and memory). The current understanding of the role of epigenetics in the mechanism of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is focused on DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, histone modifications, and regulation of non-coding RNAs. The pathogenetic links of this disease are the misfolding and aggregation of tau protein and amyloid peptides, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, impaired energy metabolism, destruction of the blood–brain barrier, and neuroinflammation, all of which lead to impaired synaptic plasticity and memory loss. Ultrashort peptides are promising neuroprotective compounds with a broad spectrum of activity and without reported side effects. The main aim of this review is to analyze the possible epigenetic mechanisms of the neuroprotective action of ultrashort peptides in AD. The review highlights the role of short peptides in the AD pathophysiology. We formulate the hypothesis that peptide regulation of gene expression can be mediated by the interaction of short peptides with histone proteins, cis- and transregulatory DNA elements and effector molecules (DNA/RNA-binding proteins and non-coding RNA). The development of therapeutic agents based on ultrashort peptides may offer a promising addition to the multifunctional treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Ilina
- Department of Biogerontology, Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, 19711 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.K.); (N.L.)
- Department of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(953)145-89-58
| | - Vladimir Khavinson
- Department of Biogerontology, Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, 19711 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.K.); (N.L.)
- Group of Peptide Regulation of Aging, Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Linkova
- Department of Biogerontology, Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, 19711 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.K.); (N.L.)
| | - Mikhael Petukhov
- Department of Molecular Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named after B.P. Konstantinov, NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia;
- Group of Biophysics, Higher Engineering and Technical School, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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33
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Zheng Q, Song B, Li G, Cai F, Wu M, Zhao Y, Jiang L, Guo T, Shen M, Hou H, Zhou Y, Zhao Y, Di A, Zhang L, Zeng F, Zhang XF, Luo H, Zhang X, Zhang H, Zeng Z, Huang TY, Dong C, Qing H, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Wang X, Wu Y, Xu H, Song W, Wang X. USP25 inhibition ameliorates Alzheimer's pathology through the regulation of APP processing and Aβ generation. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:152170. [PMID: 35229730 PMCID: PMC8884900 DOI: 10.1172/jci152170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), or trisomy 21, is one of the critical risk factors for early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD), implicating key roles for chromosome 21–encoded genes in the pathogenesis of AD. We previously identified a role for the deubiquitinase USP25, encoded on chromosome 21, in regulating microglial homeostasis in the AD brain; however, whether USP25 affects amyloid pathology remains unknown. Here, by crossing 5×FAD AD and Dp16 DS mice, we observed that trisomy 21 exacerbated amyloid pathology in the 5×FAD brain. Moreover, bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgene–mediated USP25 overexpression increased amyloid deposition in the 5×FAD mouse brain, whereas genetic deletion of Usp25 reduced amyloid deposition. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that USP25 promoted β cleavage of APP and Aβ generation by reducing the ubiquitination and lysosomal degradation of both APP and BACE1. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of USP25 ameliorated amyloid pathology in the 5×FAD mouse brain. In summary, we identified the DS-related gene USP25 as a critical regulator of AD pathology, and our data suggest that USP25 serves as a potential pharmacological target for AD drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Beibei Song
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Guilin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fang Cai
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Meiling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yingjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - LuLin Jiang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tiantian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mingyu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yini Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Anjie Di
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lishan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fanwei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiu-Fang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhiping Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Timothy Y Huang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Chen Dong
- Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Qing Zhang
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yili Wu
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Weihong Song
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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34
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Sharma R, Sharma S, Thakur A, Singh A, Singh J, Nepali K, Liou JP. The Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms in Autoimmune, Neurodegenerative, Cardiovascular, and Imprinting Disorders. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:1977-2011. [PMID: 35176978 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220217103441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic mutations like aberrant DNA methylation, histone modifications, or RNA silencing are found in a number of human diseases. This review article discusses the epigenetic mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disorders, auto-immune disorder, and genomic imprinting disorders. In addition, emerging epigenetic therapeutic strategies for the treatment of such disorders are presented. Medicinal chemistry campaigns highlighting the efforts of the chemists invested towards the rational design of small molecule inhibitors have also been included. Pleasingly, several classes of epigenetic inhibitors, DNMT, HDAC, BET, HAT, and HMT inhibitors along with RNA based therapies have exhibited the potential to emerge as therapeutics in the longer run. It is quite hopeful that epigenetic modulator-based therapies will advance to clinical stage investigations by leaps and bounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sachin Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Amandeep Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Arshdeep Singh
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jagjeet Singh
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Pharmacy, Rayat-Bahara Group of Institutes, Hoshiarpur, India
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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35
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Gao L, Zhang Y, Sterling K, Song W. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in Alzheimer's disease and its pharmaceutical potential. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:4. [PMID: 35090576 PMCID: PMC8796548 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic abnormalities are a cardinal feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that are known to arise as the disease progresses. A growing body of evidence suggests that pathological alterations to neuronal circuits and synapses may provide a mechanistic link between amyloid β (Aβ) and tau pathology and thus may serve as an obligatory relay of the cognitive impairment in AD. Brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNFs) play an important role in maintaining synaptic plasticity in learning and memory. Considering AD as a synaptic disorder, BDNF has attracted increasing attention as a potential diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutical molecule for AD. Although depletion of BDNF has been linked with Aβ accumulation, tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis, the exact mechanisms underlying the effect of impaired BDNF signaling on AD are still unknown. Here, we present an overview of how BDNF genomic structure is connected to factors that regulate BDNF signaling. We then discuss the role of BDNF in AD and the potential of BDNF-targeting therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Gao
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, Shandong, China
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yun Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Keenan Sterling
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Weihong Song
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, Shandong, China.
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, 325001, Zhejiang, China.
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36
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Zhang HA, Yuan CX, Liu KF, Yang QF, Zhao J, Li H, Yang QH, Song D, Quan ZZ, Qing H. Neural stem cell transplantation alleviates functional cognitive deficits in a mouse model of tauopathy. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:152-162. [PMID: 34100451 PMCID: PMC8451553 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.314324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of the transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease remain poorly understood. In this study, NSCs were transplanted into the hippocampal CA1 region of the rTg (tau P301L) 4510 mouse model, a tauopathy model that is thought to reflect the tau pathology associated with Alzheimer’s disease. The results revealed that NSC transplantation reduced the abnormal aggregation of tau, resulting in significant improvements in the short-term memory of the tauopathy model mice. Compared with wild-type and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated mice, mice that received NSC transplantations were characterized by changes in the expression of multiple proteins in brain tissue, particularly those related to the regulation of tau aggregation or misfolding. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) function analysis revealed that these proteins were primarily enriched in pathways associated with long-term potentiation, neurogenesis, and other neurobiological processes. Changes in the expression levels of key proteins were verified by western blot assays. These data provided clues to improve the understanding of the functional capacity associated with NSC transplantation in Alzheimer’s disease treatment. This study was approved by the Beijing Animal Ethics Association and Ethics Committee of Beijing Institute of Technology (approval No. SYXK-BIT-school of life science-2017-M03) in 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Ao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Xu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ke-Fu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qi-Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Hu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Da Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Quan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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37
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Nakatsuka D, Izumi T, Tsukamoto T, Oyama M, Nishitomi K, Deguchi Y, Niidome K, Yamakawa H, Ito H, Ogawa K. Histone Deacetylase 2 Knockdown Ameliorates Morphological Abnormalities of Dendritic Branches and Spines to Improve Synaptic Plasticity in an APP/PS1 Transgenic Mouse Model. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:782375. [PMID: 34899185 PMCID: PMC8652290 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.782375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease-modifying therapies, such as neuroprotective and neurorestorative interventions, are strongly desired for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) treatment. Several studies have suggested that histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) inhibition can exhibit disease-modifying effects in AD patients. However, whether HDAC2 inhibition shows neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects under neuropathic conditions, such as amyloid β (Aβ)-elevated states, remains poorly understood. Here, we performed HDAC2-specific knockdown in CA1 pyramidal cells and showed that HDAC2 knockdown increased the length of dendrites and the number of mushroom-like spines of CA1 basal dendrites in APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model. Furthermore, HDAC2 knockdown also ameliorated the deficits in hippocampal CA1 long-term potentiation and memory impairment in contextual fear conditioning tests. Taken together, our results support the notion that specific inhibition of HDAC2 has the potential to slow the disease progression of AD through ameliorating Aβ-induced neuronal impairments.
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Rabaneda-Bueno R, Mena-Montes B, Torres-Castro S, Torres-Carrillo N, Torres-Carrillo NM. Advances in Genetics and Epigenetic Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease: A Notion for Therapeutic Treatment. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1959. [PMID: 34946908 PMCID: PMC8700838 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a disabling neurodegenerative disorder that leads to long-term functional and cognitive impairment and greatly reduces life expectancy. Early genetic studies focused on tracking variations in genome-wide DNA sequences discovered several polymorphisms and novel susceptibility genes associated with AD. However, despite the numerous risk factors already identified, there is still no fully satisfactory explanation for the mechanisms underlying the onset of the disease. Also, as with other complex human diseases, the causes of low heritability are unclear. Epigenetic mechanisms, in which changes in gene expression do not depend on changes in genotype, have attracted considerable attention in recent years and are key to understanding the processes that influence age-related changes and various neurological diseases. With the recent use of massive sequencing techniques, methods for studying epigenome variations in AD have also evolved tremendously, allowing the discovery of differentially expressed disease traits under different conditions and experimental settings. This is important for understanding disease development and for unlocking new potential AD therapies. In this work, we outline the genomic and epigenomic components involved in the initiation and development of AD and identify potentially effective therapeutic targets for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Rabaneda-Bueno
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- School of Biological Sciences, James Clerk Maxwell Building, The King’s Buildings Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK
| | - Beatriz Mena-Montes
- Laboratorio de Biología del Envejecimiento, Departamento de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City 10200, Mexico;
| | - Sara Torres-Castro
- Departamento de Epidemiología Demográfica y Determinantes Sociales, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City 10200, Mexico;
| | - Norma Torres-Carrillo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (N.T.-C.); (N.M.T.-C.)
| | - Nora Magdalena Torres-Carrillo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (N.T.-C.); (N.M.T.-C.)
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39
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Teplyshova AM, Datieva VK. [Alzheimer disease and epilepsy]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2021; 121:23-29. [PMID: 34870910 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202112110223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of memory, difficulty in thinking, changes in behavior and personality disorders. The risk of developing epileptic seizures (ES) in patients with AD increases significantly. Animal and human studies have shown a close relationship between the pathogenesis of ES and AD. The exact prevalence of ES in AD remains unclear due to methodological difficulties, in particular, detection of ES in patients with cognitive impairment. EP types differ in sporadic and hereditary forms of AD. Antiepileptic therapy in AD has its own characteristics. Certain antiepileptic drugs can have a positive effect on cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V K Datieva
- State Outpatient Clinic No 62, Moscow, Russia
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40
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Fei X, Zhang Y, Mei Y, Yue X, Jiang W, Ai L, Yu Y, Luo H, Li H, Luo W, Yang X, Lyv J, He R, Song W, Tong Z. Degradation of FA reduces Aβ neurotoxicity and Alzheimer-related phenotypes. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5578-5591. [PMID: 33328587 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00929-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of formaldehyde (FA) has been implicated in the development of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Elevated FA levels in Alzheimer's patients and animal models are associated with impaired cognitive functions. However, the exact role of FA in AD remains unknown. We now identified that oxidative demethylation at serine8/26 of amyloid-beta protein (Aβ) induced FA generation and FA cross-linked with the lysine28 residue in the β-turn of Aβ monomer to form Aβ dimers, and then accelerated Aβ oligomerization and fibrillogenesis in vitro. However, Aβ42 mutation in serine8/26, lysine28 abolished Aβ self-aggregation. Furthermore, Aβ inhibited the activity of formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH), the enzyme for FA degradation, resulting in FA accumulation. In turn, excess of FA stimulated Aβ aggregation both in vitro and in vivo by increasing the formation of Aβ oligomers and fibrils. We found that degradation of FA by formaldehyde scavenger-NaHSO3 or coenzyme Q10 reduced Aβ aggregation and ameliorated the neurotoxicity, and improved the cognitive performance in APP/PS1 mice. Our study provides evidence that endogenous FA is essential for Aβ self-aggregation and scavenging FA could be an effective strategy for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Fei
- Alzheimer's disease Center, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100053, Beijing, China
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yufei Mei
- Alzheimer's disease Center, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiangpei Yue
- Alzheimer's disease Center, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Jiang
- Alzheimer's disease Center, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
- Center for Cognitive Disorders, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, 100095, Beijing, China
| | - Li Ai
- Alzheimer's disease Center, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Chinese institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, 100068, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjun Luo
- Central Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Hui Li
- Central Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Wenhong Luo
- Central Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Jihui Lyv
- Center for Cognitive Disorders, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, 100095, Beijing, China
| | - Rongqiao He
- Alzheimer's disease Center, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science and Key Lab of Mental Health, IBP, UCAS, Beijing, China
| | - Weihong Song
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100053, Beijing, China.
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Zhiqian Tong
- Alzheimer's disease Center, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China.
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41
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Abstract
Neuroepigenetics, a new branch of epigenetics, plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression. Neuroepigenetics is associated with holistic neuronal function and helps in formation and maintenance of memory and learning processes. This includes neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative defects in which histone modification enzymes appear to play a crucial role. These modifications, carried out by acetyltransferases and deacetylases, regulate biologic and cellular processes such as apoptosis and autophagy, inflammatory response, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell-cycle progression and oxidative stress. Alterations in acetylation status of histone as well as non-histone substrates lead to transcriptional deregulation. Histone deacetylase decreases acetylation status and causes transcriptional repression of regulatory genes involved in neural plasticity, synaptogenesis, synaptic and neural plasticity, cognition and memory, and neural differentiation. Transcriptional deactivation in the brain results in development of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Mounting evidence implicates histone deacetylase inhibitors as potential therapeutic targets to combat neurologic disorders. Recent studies have targeted naturally-occurring biomolecules and micro-RNAs to improve cognitive defects and memory. Multi-target drug ligands targeting HDAC have been developed and used in cell-culture and animal-models of neurologic disorders to ameliorate synaptic and cognitive dysfunction. Herein, we focus on the implications of histone deacetylase enzymes in neuropathology, their regulation of brain function and plausible involvement in the pathogenesis of neurologic defects.
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42
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Singh D, Gupta S, Verma I, Morsy MA, Nair AB, Ahmed ASF. Hidden pharmacological activities of valproic acid: A new insight. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112021. [PMID: 34463268 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) is an approved drug for managing epileptic seizures, bipolar disorders, and migraine. VPA has been shown to elevate the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain through competitive inhibition of GABA transaminase, thus promoting the availability of synaptic GABA and facilitating GABA-mediated responses. VPA, which is a small chain of fatty acids, prevents histone deacetylases (HDACs). HDACs play a crucial role in chromatin remodeling and gene expression through posttranslational changes of chromatin-associated histones. Recent studies reported a possible effect of VPA against particular types of cancers. This effect was partially attributed to its role in regulating epigenetic modifications through the inhibition of HDACs, which affect the expression of genes associated with cell cycle control, cellular differentiation, and apoptosis. In this review, we summarize the current information on the actions of VPA in diseases such as diabetes mellitus, kidney disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, muscular dystrophy, and cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhirendra Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, M.M. College of Pharmacy, M.M. (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, M.M. College of Pharmacy, M.M. (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India.
| | - Inderjeet Verma
- Department of Pharmacology, M.M. College of Pharmacy, M.M. (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Mohamed A Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Anroop B Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Al-Shaimaa F Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
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Watchon M, Luu L, Robinson KJ, Yuan KC, De Luca A, Suddull HJ, Tym MC, Guillemin GJ, Cole NJ, Nicholson GA, Chung RS, Lee A, Laird AS. Sodium valproate increases activity of the sirtuin pathway resulting in beneficial effects for spinocerebellar ataxia-3 in vivo. Mol Brain 2021; 14:128. [PMID: 34416891 PMCID: PMC8377983 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00839-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Machado-Joseph disease (MJD, also known as spinocerebellar ataxia type 3) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that impairs control and coordination of movement. Here we tested whether treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor sodium valproate (valproate) prevented a movement phenotype that develops in larvae of a transgenic zebrafish model of the disease. We found that treatment with valproate improved the swimming of the MJD zebrafish, affected levels of acetylated histones 3 and 4, but also increased expression of polyglutamine expanded human ataxin-3. Proteomic analysis of protein lysates generated from the treated and untreated MJD zebrafish also predicted that valproate treatment had activated the sirtuin longevity signaling pathway and this was confirmed by findings of increased SIRT1 protein levels and sirtuin activity in valproate treated MJD zebrafish and HEK293 cells expressing ataxin-3 84Q, respectively. Treatment with resveratrol (another compound known to activate the sirtuin pathway), also improved swimming in the MJD zebrafish. Co-treatment with valproate alongside EX527, a SIRT1 activity inhibitor, prevented induction of autophagy by valproate and the beneficial effects of valproate on the movement in the MJD zebrafish, supporting that they were both dependent on sirtuin activity. These findings provide the first evidence of sodium valproate inducing activation of the sirtuin pathway. Further, they indicate that drugs that target the sirtuin pathway, including sodium valproate and resveratrol, warrant further investigation for the treatment of MJD and related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxinne Watchon
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Luan Luu
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Katherine J Robinson
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Kristy C Yuan
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Alana De Luca
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Hannah J Suddull
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Madelaine C Tym
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Cole
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Garth A Nicholson
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.,ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Roger S Chung
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Albert Lee
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Angela S Laird
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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44
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Sadleir KR, Popovoic J, Zhu W, Reidel CT, Do H, Silverman RB, Vassar R. Pregabalin Treatment does not Affect Amyloid Pathology in 5XFAD Mice. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 18:283-297. [PMID: 34259145 PMCID: PMC9527523 DOI: 10.2174/1567205018666210713125333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Calcium dysregulation has been proposed to play a causative role in the development of Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Pregabalin is a compound already approved for human use, marketed as the prescription drug Lyrica. It binds the α2-δ subunit of P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channels, lowering calcium influx and providing effective treatment for epilepsy and neuropathic pain. Objective: We hypothesize that increased resting calcium in neuronal processes near amyloid plaques plays a role in the development of neuritic dystrophies and further progression of amyloid pathology. Methods: 5XFAD mice were treated orally for 12 weeks with pregabalin, then immunoblotting and immunofluorescent imaging were used to quantify neuritic dystrophy and amyloid deposition in pregabalin compared to placebo-treated mice. Results: The treatment did not decrease markers of neuritic dystrophy or amyloid deposition. The image analysis of neuritic dystrophy on a plaque-by-plaque basis showed a small non-significant increase in the relative proportion of LAMP1 to Aβ42 in plaques with areas of 50-450 μm2 in the cortex of pregabalin-treated mice. In addition, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between the measured cerebral concentration of pregabalin and the relative levels of BACE1 and Aβ in the cortex. This relationship was not observed in the hippocampus, and there was no increase in average Aβ levels in pregabalin treated mice compared to placebo. We confirmed previous findings that smaller amyloid plaques are associated with a greater degree of neuritic dystrophy. Conclusion: Pregabalin may have an effect on Aβ that merits further investigation, but our study does not suggest that pregabalin contributes substantially to amyloid pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Sadleir
- Dept of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. United States
| | - Jelena Popovoic
- Dept of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. United States
| | - Wei Zhu
- Dept of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL. United States
| | - Cory T Reidel
- Dept of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL. United States
| | - Ha Do
- Dept of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL. United States
| | - Richard B Silverman
- Dept of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL. United States
| | - Robert Vassar
- Dept of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. United States
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Sharma VK, Mehta V, Singh TG. Alzheimer's Disorder: Epigenetic Connection and Associated Risk Factors. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 18:740-753. [PMID: 31989902 PMCID: PMC7536832 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200128125641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene based therapeutics and drug targets have shown incredible and appreciable advances in alleviating human sufferings and complexities. Epigenetics simply means above genetics or which controls the organism beyond genetics. At present it is very clear that all characteristics of an individual are not determined by DNA alone, rather the environment, stress, life style and nutrition play a vital part in determining the response of an organism. Thus, nature (genetic makeup) and nurture (exposure) play equally important roles in the responses observed, both at the cellular and organism levels. Epigenetics influence plethora of complications at cellular and molecular levels that includes cancer, metabolic and cardiovascular complications including neurological (psychosis) and neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson disease etc.). The epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, histone modification and non coding RNA which have substantial impact on progression and pathways linked to Alzheimer’s disease. The epigenetic mechanism gets deregulated in Alzheimer’s disease and is characterized by DNA hyper methylation, deacetylation of histones and general repressed chromatin state which alter gene expression at the transcription level by upregulation, downregulation or silencing of genes. Thus, the processes or modulators of these epigenetic processes have shown vast potential as a therapeutic target in Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vineet Mehta
- Govt. College of Pharmacy, Rohru, District Shimla, Himachal Pradesh-171207, India
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Xia Y, Prokop S, Giasson BI. "Don't Phos Over Tau": recent developments in clinical biomarkers and therapies targeting tau phosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:37. [PMID: 34090488 PMCID: PMC8180161 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation is one of the most prevalent post-translational modifications found in aggregated tau isolated from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patient brains. In tauopathies like AD, increased phosphorylation or hyperphosphorylation can contribute to microtubule dysfunction and is associated with tau aggregation. In this review, we provide an overview of the structure and functions of tau protein as well as the physiologic roles of tau phosphorylation. We also extensively survey tau phosphorylation sites identified in brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid from AD patients compared to age-matched healthy controls, which may serve as disease-specific biomarkers. Recently, new assays have been developed to measure minute amounts of specific forms of phosphorylated tau in both cerebrospinal fluid and plasma, which could potentially be useful for aiding clinical diagnosis and monitoring disease progression. Additionally, multiple therapies targeting phosphorylated tau are in various stages of clinical trials including kinase inhibitors, phosphatase activators, and tau immunotherapy. With promising early results, therapies that target phosphorylated tau could be useful at slowing tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation in AD and other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Xia
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, BMS J483/CTRND, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Stefan Prokop
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Benoit I Giasson
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, BMS J483/CTRND, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA. .,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA. .,McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA.
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Coppedè F. Epigenetic regulation in Alzheimer's disease: is it a potential therapeutic target? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:283-298. [PMID: 33843425 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1916469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and the primary form of dementia in the elderly. Changes in DNA methylation and post-translational modifications of histone tails are increasingly observed in AD tissues, and likely contribute to disease onset and progression. The reversibility of these epigenetic marks offers the potential for therapeutic interventions.Areas covered: After a concise and updated overview of DNA methylation and post-translational modifications of histone tails in AD tissues, this review provides an overview of the animal and cell culture studies investigating the potential of targeting these modifications to attenuate AD-like features. PubMed was searched for relevant literature between 2003 and 2021.Expert opinion: Methyl donor compounds and drugs acting on histone tail modifications attenuated the AD-like features and improved cognition in several transgenic AD mice; however, there are concerns about safety and tolerability for long-term treatment in humans. The challenges will be to take advantage of recent epigenome-wide investigations to identify the principal targets for future interventions, and to design novel, selective and safer agents. Natural compounds exerting epigenetic properties could represent a promising opportunity to delay disease onset in middle-aged individuals at increased AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Coppedè
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Lehmann L, Lo A, Knox KM, Barker-Haliski M. Alzheimer's Disease and Epilepsy: A Perspective on the Opportunities for Overlapping Therapeutic Innovation. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1895-1912. [PMID: 33929683 PMCID: PMC8254705 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03332-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with variants in amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin (PSEN) 1 and 2. It is increasingly recognized that patients with AD experience undiagnosed focal seizures. These AD patients with reported seizures may have worsened disease trajectory. Seizures in epilepsy can also lead to cognitive deficits, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Epilepsy is roughly three times more common in individuals aged 65 and older. Due to the numerous available antiseizure drugs (ASDs), treatment of seizures has been proposed to reduce the burden of AD. More work is needed to establish the functional impact of seizures in AD to determine whether ASDs could be a rational therapeutic strategy. The efficacy of ASDs in aged animals is not routinely studied, despite the fact that the elderly represents the fastest growing demographic with epilepsy. This leaves a particular gap in understanding the discrete pathophysiological overlap between hyperexcitability and aging, and AD more specifically. Most of our preclinical knowledge of hyperexcitability in AD has come from mouse models that overexpress APP. While these studies have been invaluable, other drivers underlie AD, e.g. PSEN2. A diversity of animal models should be more frequently integrated into the study of hyperexcitability in AD, which could be particularly beneficial to identify novel therapies. Specifically, AD-associated risk genes, in particular PSENs, altogether represent underexplored contributors to hyperexcitability. This review assesses the available studies of ASDs administration in clinical AD populations and preclinical studies with AD-associated models and offers a perspective on the opportunities for further therapeutic innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Lehmann
- Undergraduate Neuroscience Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Alexandria Lo
- Department of Public Health-Global Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kevin M Knox
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Melissa Barker-Haliski
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Koçancı FG. Role of Fatty Acid Chemical Structures on Underlying Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gut Microbiota. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202000341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Gonca Koçancı
- Vocational High School of Health Services Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University Alanya/Antalya 07425 Turkey
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50
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Zaidi SAH, Thakore N, Singh S, Guzman W, Mehrotra S, Gangaraju V, Husain S. Histone Deacetylases Regulation by δ-Opioids in Human Optic Nerve Head Astrocytes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:17. [PMID: 32915982 PMCID: PMC7488628 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.11.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We determined whether δ-opioid receptor agonist (SNC-121) regulates acetylation homeostasis via controlling histone deacetylases (HDACs) activity and expression in optic nerve head (ONH) astrocytes. Methods ONH astrocytes were treated with SNC-121 (1 µM) for 24 hours. The HDAC activity was measured using HDAC-specific fluorophore-conjugated synthetic substrates, Boc-Lys(Ac)-AMC and (Boc-Lys(Tfa)-AMC). Protein and mRNA expression of each HDAC was determined by Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. IOP in rats was elevated by injecting 2.0 M hypertonic saline into the limbal veins. Results Delta opioid receptor agonist, SNC-121 (1 µM), treatment increased acetylation of histone H3, H2B, and H4 by 128 ± 3%, 45 ± 1%, and 68 ± 2%, respectively. The addition of Garcinol, a histone-acetyltransferase inhibitor, fully blocked SNC-121–induced histone H3 acetylation. SNC-121 reduced the activities of class I and IIb HDACs activities significantly (17 ± 3%) and this decrease in HDACs activities was fully blocked by a selective δ-opioid receptors antagonist, naltrindole. SNC-121 also decrease the mRNA expression of HDAC-3 and HDAC-6 by 19% and 18%, respectively. Furthermore, protein expression of HDAC 1, 2, 3, and 6 was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by SNC-121 treatment. SNC-121 treatment also reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α production from ONH astrocytes and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunostaining in the optic nerve of ocular hypertensive animals. Conclusions We provided evidence that δ-opioid receptor agonist activation increased histone acetylation, decrease HDACs class I and class IIb activities, mRNA, and protein expression, lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α production in ONH astrocytes. Our data also demonstrate that SNC-121 treatment decrease glial fibrillary acidic protein immunostaining in the optic nerves of animals with ocular hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed A H Zaidi
- Hewitt Laboratory of the Ola B. Williams Glaucoma Centre, Department of Ophthalmology, Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Nakul Thakore
- Hewitt Laboratory of the Ola B. Williams Glaucoma Centre, Department of Ophthalmology, Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Sudha Singh
- Hewitt Laboratory of the Ola B. Williams Glaucoma Centre, Department of Ophthalmology, Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Wendy Guzman
- Hewitt Laboratory of the Ola B. Williams Glaucoma Centre, Department of Ophthalmology, Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Vamsi Gangaraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Shahid Husain
- Hewitt Laboratory of the Ola B. Williams Glaucoma Centre, Department of Ophthalmology, Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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