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Butt H, Tisdale JF. Gene therapies on the horizon for sickle cell disease: a clinician's perspective. Expert Rev Hematol 2024; 17:555-566. [PMID: 39076056 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2024.2386366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a monogenic disorder that exerts several detrimental health effects on those affected, ultimately resulting in significant morbidity and early mortality. There are millions of individuals globally impacted by this disease. Research in gene therapy has been growing significantly over the past decade, now with two FDA approved products, aiming to find another cure for this complex disease. AREAS COVERED This perspective article aims to provide a clinician's insight into the current landscape of gene therapies, exploring the novel approaches, clinical advances, and potential impact on the management and prognosis of SCD. A comprehensive literature search encompassing databases such as PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar was employed. The search covered literature published from 1980 to 2024, focusing on SCD and curative therapy. EXPERT OPINION After careful evaluation of the risks and benefits associated with the use of gene therapy for affected patients, the need for a cure outweighs the risks associated with treatment in most cases of SCD. With advances in current technologies, gene therapies can increase access to cures for patients with SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henna Butt
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - John F Tisdale
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Urs AP, Goda C, Kulkarni R. Remodeling of the bone marrow microenvironment during acute myeloid leukemia progression. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2024; 12:63. [PMID: 39118939 PMCID: PMC11304419 DOI: 10.21037/atm-23-1824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis requires a complex interplay between the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and the cells of the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM). The BMM is heterogeneous, with different regions having distinct cellular, molecular, and metabolic composition and function. Studies have shown that this niche is disrupted in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which plays a crucial role in disease progression. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the components of vascular and endosteal niches and the molecular mechanisms by which they regulate normal hematopoiesis. We also discuss how these niches are modified in the context of AML, into a disease-promoting niche and how the modified niches in turn regulate AML blast survival and proliferation. We focus on mechanisms of modifications in structural and cellular components of the bone marrow (BM) niche by the AML cells and its impact on leukemic progression and patient outcome. Finally, we also discuss mechanisms by which the altered BM niche protects AML blasts from treatment agents, thereby causing therapy resistance in AML patients. We also summarize ongoing clinical trials that target various BM niche components in the treatment of AML patients. Hence, the BM niche represents a promising target to treat AML and promote normal hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amog P. Urs
- The Division of Hematology and Hematological Malignancies, Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Chinmayee Goda
- The Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rohan Kulkarni
- The Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Leonard A, Weiss MJ. Hematopoietic stem cell collection for sickle cell disease gene therapy. Curr Opin Hematol 2024; 31:104-114. [PMID: 38359264 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Gene therapy for sickle cell disease (SCD) is advancing rapidly, with two transformative products recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and numerous others under study. All current gene therapy protocols require ex vivo modification of autologous hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, several SCD-related problems impair HSC collection, including a stressed and damaged bone marrow, potential cytotoxicity by the major therapeutic drug hydroxyurea, and inability to use granulocyte colony stimulating factor, which can precipitate severe vaso-occlusive events. RECENT FINDINGS Peripheral blood mobilization of HSCs using the CXCR4 antagonist plerixafor followed by apheresis collection was recently shown to be safe and effective for most SCD patients and is the current strategy for mobilizing HSCs. However, exceptionally large numbers of HSCs are required to manufacture an adequate cellular product, responses to plerixafor are variable, and most patients require multiple mobilization cycles, increasing the risk for adverse events. For some, gene therapy is prohibited by the failure to obtain adequate numbers of HSCs. SUMMARY Here we review the current knowledge on HSC collection from individuals with SCD and potential improvements that may enhance the safety, efficacy, and availability of gene therapy for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Leonard
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Wu CH, Weng TF, Li JP, Wu KH. Biology and Therapeutic Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2527. [PMID: 38473775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted roles of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in leukemia, focusing on their interactions within the bone marrow microenvironment and their impact on leukemia pathogenesis, progression, and treatment resistance. MSCs, characterized by their ability to differentiate into various cell types and modulate the immune system, are integral to the BM niche, influencing hematopoietic stem cell maintenance and functionality. This review extensively explores the intricate relationship between MSCs and leukemic cells in acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. This review also addresses the potential clinical applications of MSCs in leukemia treatment. MSCs' role in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, their antitumor effects, and strategies to disrupt chemo-resistance are discussed. Despite their therapeutic potential, the dual nature of MSCs in promoting and inhibiting tumor growth poses significant challenges. Further research is needed to understand MSCs' biological mechanisms in hematologic malignancies and develop targeted therapeutic strategies. This in-depth exploration of MSCs in leukemia provides crucial insights for advancing treatment modalities and improving patient outcomes in hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsien Wu
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Te-Fu Weng
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Pi Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Hsi Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Martinez LM, Guzman ML. Understanding the interaction between leukaemia stem cells and their microenvironment to improve therapeutic approaches. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:273-282. [PMID: 37309573 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although chemotherapeutic regimens can eliminate blasts in leukaemia patients, such therapies are associated with toxicity and often fail to eliminate all malignant cells resulting in disease relapse. Disease relapse has been attributed to the persistence of leukaemia cells in the bone marrow (BM) with the capacity to recapitulate disease; these cells are often referred to as leukaemia stem cells (LSCs). Although LSCs have distinct characteristics in terms of pathobiology and immunophenotype, they are still regulated by their interactions with the surrounding microenvironment. Thus, understanding the interaction between LSCs and their microenvironment is critical to identify effective therapies. To this end, there are numerous efforts to develop models to study such interactions. In this review, we will focus on the reciprocal interactions between LSCs and their milieu in the BM. Furthermore, we will highlight relevant therapies targeting these interactions and discuss some of the promising in vitro models designed to mimic such relationship. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Cancer Microenvironment and Pharmacological Interventions. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.2/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro M Martinez
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Monica L Guzman
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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Cao J, Zhang Z, Zhou L, Luo M, Li L, Li B, Nice EC, He W, Zheng S, Huang C. Oncofetal reprogramming in tumor development and progression: novel insights into cancer therapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e427. [PMID: 38045829 PMCID: PMC10693315 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that cancer cells can mimic characteristics of embryonic development, promoting their development and progression. Cancer cells share features with embryonic development, characterized by robust proliferation and differentiation regulated by signaling pathways such as Wnt, Notch, hedgehog, and Hippo signaling. In certain phase, these cells also mimic embryonic diapause and fertilized egg implantation to evade treatments or immune elimination and promote metastasis. Additionally, the upregulation of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, including multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), and breast cancer-resistant protein (BCRP), in drug-resistant cancer cells, analogous to their role in placental development, may facilitate chemotherapy efflux, further resulting in treatment resistance. In this review, we concentrate on the underlying mechanisms that contribute to tumor development and progression from the perspective of embryonic development, encompassing the dysregulation of developmental signaling pathways, the emergence of dormant cancer cells, immune microenvironment remodeling, and the hyperactivation of ABC transporters. Furthermore, we synthesize and emphasize the connections between cancer hallmarks and embryonic development, offering novel insights for the development of innovative cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangjun Cao
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, and Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseasethe First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Department of Infectious Diseasesthe Second Affiliated HospitalInstitute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Maochao Luo
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, and Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lei Li
- Department of anorectal surgeryHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Bowen Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, and Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Weifeng He
- State Key Laboratory of TraumaBurn and Combined InjuryInstitute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Shaojiang Zheng
- Hainan Cancer Medical Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, the Hainan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Sample Resources of Major DiseasesHainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of EducationHainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Canhua Huang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, and Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Zhang H, Liu J, Sun Y, Huang J, Qi H, Shao R, Wu Q, Jiang Q, Fu R, Liu Q, Jin H. Nestin+ Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Fibrotic Transition Mediated by CD169+ Macrophages in Bone Marrow Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1154-1166. [PMID: 37610222 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) involves multiple organs, but little is known about bone marrow (BM) alterations caused by cGVHD. In mice and humans, we found that cGVHD is associated with BM fibrosis resulting in T cell infiltration, IgG deposition, and hematopoietic dysfunction. Macrophages and Nestin+ mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) participated in the process of BM fibrosis during BM cGVHD development. BM macrophage numbers were significantly increased in mice and humans with BM fibrosis associated with cGVHD. Amplified macrophages produced TGF-β1, which recruited Nestin+ MSCs forming clusters, and Nestin+ MSCs later differentiated into fibroblasts, a process mediated by increased TGF-β/Smad signaling. TLR4/MyD88-mediated activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in macrophages is associated with fibrosis by increasing Nestin+ MSC migration and differentiation into fibroblasts. Depletion of macrophages by clodronate-containing liposomes and inhibition of ER stress by 4-phenylbutyric acid reversed BM fibrosis by inhibiting fibroblast differentiation. These studies provide insights into the pathogenesis of BM fibrosis during cGVHD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiapei Liu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Sun
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junwei Huang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanzhou Qi
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruoyang Shao
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoyuan Wu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - QianLi Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qifa Liu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Shi G, Zhang P, Zhang X, Li J, Zheng X, Yan J, Zhang N, Yang H. The spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the biophysical microenvironment during hematopoietic stem cell development: from embryo to adult. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:251. [PMID: 37705072 PMCID: PMC10500792 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03464-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with the ability to self-renew and differentiate are responsible for maintaining the supply of all types of blood cells. The complex and delicate microenvironment surrounding HSCs is called the HSC niche and can provide physical, chemical, and biological stimuli to regulate the survival, maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation of HSCs. Currently, the exploration of the biophysical regulation of HSCs remains in its infancy. There is evidence that HSCs are susceptible to biophysical stimuli, suggesting that the construction of engineered niche biophysical microenvironments is a promising way to regulate the fate of HSCs in vitro and ultimately contribute to clinical applications. In this review, we introduced the spatiotemporal heterogeneous biophysical microenvironment during HSC development, homeostasis, and malignancy. Furthermore, we illustrated how these biophysical cues contribute to HSC behaviors, as well as the possible mechanotransduction mechanisms from the extracellular microenvironment into cells. Comprehending the important functions of these biophysical regulatory factors will provide novel approaches to resolve clinical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinmin Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinxiao Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Bruserud Ø, Reikvam H. Casein Kinase 2 (CK2): A Possible Therapeutic Target in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3711. [PMID: 37509370 PMCID: PMC10378128 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase CK2 (also known as casein kinase 2) is one of the main contributors to the human phosphoproteome. It is regarded as a possible therapeutic strategy in several malignant diseases, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which is an aggressive bone marrow malignancy. CK2 is an important regulator of intracellular signaling in AML cells, especially PI3K-Akt, Jak-Stat, NFκB, Wnt, and DNA repair signaling. High CK2 levels in AML cells at the first time of diagnosis are associated with decreased survival (i.e., increased risk of chemoresistant leukemia relapse) for patients receiving intensive and potentially curative antileukemic therapy. However, it is not known whether these high CK2 levels can be used as an independent prognostic biomarker because this has not been investigated in multivariate analyses. Several CK2 inhibitors have been developed, but CX-4945/silmitasertib is best characterized. This drug has antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in primary human AML cells. The preliminary results from studies of silmitasertib in the treatment of other malignancies suggest that gastrointestinal and bone marrow toxicities are relatively common. However, clinical AML studies are not available. Taken together, the available experimental and clinical evidence suggests that the possible use of CK2 inhibition in the treatment of AML should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Bruserud
- Institute for Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Institute for Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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Herd CL, Mellet J, Mashingaidze T, Durandt C, Pepper MS. Consequences of HIV infection in the bone marrow niche. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1163012. [PMID: 37497228 PMCID: PMC10366613 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1163012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the bone marrow niche resulting from the direct and indirect effects of HIV infection contributes to haematological abnormalities observed in HIV patients. The bone marrow niche is a complex, multicellular environment which functions primarily in the maintenance of haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). These adult stem cells are responsible for replacing blood and immune cells over the course of a lifetime. Cells of the bone marrow niche support HSPCs and help to orchestrate the quiescence, self-renewal and differentiation of HSPCs through chemical and molecular signals and cell-cell interactions. This narrative review discusses the HIV-associated dysregulation of the bone marrow niche, as well as the susceptibility of HSPCs to infection by HIV.
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Tu SM, Aydin AM, Maraboyina S, Chen Z, Singh S, Gokden N, Langford T. Stem Cell Origin of Cancer: Implications of Oncogenesis Recapitulating Embryogenesis in Cancer Care. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092516. [PMID: 37173982 PMCID: PMC10177345 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
From this perspective, we wonder about the clinical implications of oncology recapturing ontogeny in the contexts of neoantigens, tumor biomarkers, and cancer targets. We ponder about the biological ramifications of finding remnants of mini-organs and residuals of tiny embryos in some tumors. We reminisce about classical experiments showing that the embryonic microenvironment possesses antitumorigenic properties. Ironically, a stem-ness niche-in the wrong place at the wrong time-is also an onco-niche. We marvel at the paradox of TGF-beta both as a tumor suppressor and a tumor promoter. We query about the dualism of EMT as a stem-ness trait engaged in both normal development and abnormal disease states, including various cancers. It is uncanny that during fetal development, proto-oncogenes wax, while tumor-suppressor genes wane. Similarly, during cancer development, proto-oncogenes awaken, while tumor-suppressor genes slumber. Importantly, targeting stem-like pathways has therapeutic implications because stem-ness may be the true driver, if not engine, of the malignant process. Furthermore, anti-stem-like activity elicits anti-cancer effects for a variety of cancers because stem-ness features may be a universal property of cancer. When a fetus survives and thrives despite immune surveillance and all the restraints of nature and the constraints of its niche, it is a perfect baby. Similarly, when a neoplasm survives and thrives in an otherwise healthy and immune-competent host, is it a perfect tumor? Therefore, a pertinent narrative of cancer depends on a proper perspective of cancer. If malignant cells are derived from stem cells, and both cells are intrinsically RB1 negative and TP53 null, do the absence of RB1 and loss of TP53 really matter in this whole narrative and an entirely different perspective of cancer?
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ming Tu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Ahmet Murat Aydin
- Department of Urology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Sanjay Maraboyina
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Zhongning Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Sunny Singh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Neriman Gokden
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Timothy Langford
- Department of Urology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Abdal Dayem A, Lee SB, Lim KM, Kim A, Shin HJ, Vellingiri B, Kim YB, Cho SG. Bioactive peptides for boosting stem cell culture platform: Methods and applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114376. [PMID: 36764131 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides, short protein fragments, can emulate the functions of their full-length native counterparts. Peptides are considered potent recombinant protein alternatives due to their specificity, high stability, low production cost, and ability to be easily tailored and immobilized. Stem cell proliferation and differentiation processes are orchestrated by an intricate interaction between numerous growth factors and proteins and their target receptors and ligands. Various growth factors, functional proteins, and cellular matrix-derived peptides efficiently enhance stem cell adhesion, proliferation, and directed differentiation. For that, peptides can be immobilized on a culture plate or conjugated to scaffolds, such as hydrogels or synthetic matrices. In this review, we assess the applications of a variety of peptides in stem cell adhesion, culture, organoid assembly, proliferation, and differentiation, describing the shortcomings of recombinant proteins and their full-length counterparts. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges of peptide applications in stem cell culture and materials design, as well as provide a brief outlook on future directions to advance peptide applications in boosting stem cell quality and scalability for clinical applications in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Convergence Science and Technology Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Bin Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Convergence Science and Technology Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Lim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Convergence Science and Technology Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; R&D Team, StemExOne co., ltd. 303, Life Science Bldg, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Urology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; R&D Team, StemExOne co., ltd. 303, Life Science Bldg, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; R&D Team, StemExOne co., ltd. 303, Life Science Bldg, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Young Bong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, KU Convergence Science and Technology Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Convergence Science and Technology Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; R&D Team, StemExOne co., ltd. 303, Life Science Bldg, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Wan Z, Wang Y, Li A, Li C, Zheng D. Single-cell transcription analysis reveals the tumor origin and heterogeneity of human bilateral renal clear cell carcinoma. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220569. [PMID: 36816799 PMCID: PMC9922059 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bilateral renal clear cell carcinoma (BRCC) is a rare type of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) that accounts for only 1-5% of RCC cases and has a poor clinical prognosis. The origin, tumor microenvironment, cellular molecular features, and intra-tumoral heterogeneity of BRCC are still unclear. We downloaded BRCC single-cell transcriptome sequencing data from the gene expression omnibus database biochip GSE171306, containing 3,575 cells from left-sided clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and 3,568 cells from right-sided ccRCC, and used a series of R packages for data quality control (QC) and subsequent analysis of BRCC single-cell transcriptome data, including the use of the R packages Seurat and scCancer for cell QC, identification of major cell types, and cell annotation; R package scran for calculation of cell cycle scores; R package infercnv for malignancy scoring of tumor cells; R package ReactomeGSA for functional enrichment analysis; R package Monocle 2 for the analysis of cell differentiation trajectories; and R package CellphoneDB for the analysis of intercellular interactions. In this study, by analyzing the high-quality single-cell transcriptome data of BRCC, we identified 18 cell types and found that left- and right-sided ccRCC were approximately the same in terms of cell type and the number of each cell but differed significantly in terms of tumor cell malignancy score, tumor microenvironment, and cell stemness score. In the cell differentiation trajectory analysis of BRCC, we found that endothelial cells and macrophages play an extremely important role in its tumor progression. Further cell communication analysis was performed, and we found that it may signal through ligand-receptors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor1 (VEGF-VEGFR1), MIF-(CD74-CXCR4), and growth arrest-specific protein 6-AXL, to influence the development of BRCC. The analysis of single-cell transcriptomic data of human BRCC suggests that left- and right-sided ccRCC may be of the same tumor origin, but the left-sided ccRCC is more malignant and has a better immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqiang Wan
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Yinglei Wang
- The Second Ward of Urology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Aiqun Li
- Emergency Surgery, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Dongbing Zheng
- The Second Ward of Urology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China
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14
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Everts PA, Panero AJ. Basic Science of Autologous Orthobiologics. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2023; 34:25-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Aru B, Pehlivanoğlu C, Dal Z, Dereli-Çalışkan NN, Gürlü E, Yanıkkaya-Demirel G. A potential area of use for immune checkpoint inhibitors: Targeting bone marrow microenvironment in acute myeloid leukemia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1108200. [PMID: 36742324 PMCID: PMC9895857 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1108200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) arises from the cells of myeloid lineage and is the most frequent leukemia type in adulthood accounting for about 80% of all cases. The most common treatment strategy for the treatment of AML includes chemotherapy, in rare cases radiotherapy and stem cell and bone marrow transplantation are considered. Immune checkpoint proteins involve in the negative regulation of immune cells, leading to an escape from immune surveillance, in turn, causing failure of tumor cell elimination. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) target the negative regulation of the immune cells and support the immune system in terms of anti-tumor immunity. Bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) bears various blood cell lineages and the interactions between these lineages and the noncellular components of BMM are considered important for AML development and progression. Administration of ICIs for the AML treatment may be a promising option by regulating BMM. In this review, we summarize the current treatment options in AML treatment and discuss the possible application of ICIs in AML treatment from the perspective of the regulation of BMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Başak Aru
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Cemil Pehlivanoğlu
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Zeynep Dal
- School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | | | - Ege Gürlü
- School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Gülderen Yanıkkaya-Demirel
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye,*Correspondence: Gülderen Yanıkkaya-Demirel,
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16
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Chaintreuil P, Kerreneur E, Bourgoin M, Savy C, Favreau C, Robert G, Jacquel A, Auberger P. The generation, activation, and polarization of monocyte-derived macrophages in human malignancies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1178337. [PMID: 37143666 PMCID: PMC10151765 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1178337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are immune cells that originate from embryogenesis or from the differentiation of monocytes. They can adopt numerous phenotypes depending on their origin, tissue distribution and in response to different stimuli and tissue environment. Thus, in vivo, macrophages are endowed with a continuum of phenotypes that are rarely strictly pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory and exhibit a broad expression profile that sweeps over the whole polarization spectrum. Schematically, three main macrophage subpopulations coexist in human tissues: naïve macrophages also called M0, pro-inflammatory macrophages referred as M1 macrophages, and anti-inflammatory macrophages also known as M2 macrophages. Naïve macrophages display phagocytic functions, recognize pathogenic agents, and rapidly undergo polarization towards pro or anti-inflammatory macrophages to acquire their full panel of functions. Pro-inflammatory macrophages are widely involved in inflammatory response, during which they exert anti-microbial and anti-tumoral functions. By contrast, anti-inflammatory macrophages are implicated in the resolution of inflammation, the phagocytosis of cell debris and tissue reparation following injuries. Macrophages also play important deleterious or beneficial roles in the initiation and progression of different pathophysiological settings including solid and hematopoietic cancers. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the generation, activation and polarization of macrophages is a prerequisite for the development of new therapeutic strategies to modulate macrophages functions in pathological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Chaintreuil
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Nice, France
- Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
| | - Emeline Kerreneur
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Nice, France
- Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
| | - Maxence Bourgoin
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Nice, France
- Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
| | - Coline Savy
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Nice, France
- Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
| | - Cécile Favreau
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Nice, France
- Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
| | - Guillaume Robert
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Nice, France
- Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
| | - Arnaud Jacquel
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Nice, France
- Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
- *Correspondence: Arnaud Jacquel, ; Patrick Auberger,
| | - Patrick Auberger
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Nice, France
- Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
- *Correspondence: Arnaud Jacquel, ; Patrick Auberger,
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17
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Jones M, Cunningham A, Frank N, Sethi D. The monoculture of cord-blood-derived CD34 + cells by an automated, membrane-based dynamic perfusion system with a novel cytokine cocktail. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:2585-2594. [PMID: 36332632 PMCID: PMC9768577 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched cord blood (CB) transplantation is a procedure for the treatment of certain hematological malignancies, hemoglobinopathies, and autoimmune disorders. However, one of the challenges is to provide a sufficient number of T cell-depleted hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Currently, only 4%-5% of the CB units stored in CB banks contain enough CD34+ cells for engrafting 70-kg patients. To support this clinical need, we have developed an automated expansion protocol for CB-derived CD34+ cells in the Quantum system's dynamic perfusion bioreactor using a novel cytokine cocktail comprised of stem cell factor (SCF), thrombopoietin (TPO), fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt-3L), interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-6, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), StemRegenin 1 (SR-1), and a fibronectin-stromal-cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)-coated membrane. In an 8-day expansion of a 2 × 106 positively selected CD34+ cell inoculum from 3 donor lineages, the mean cell harvest and cell viability were 1.02 × 108 cells and 95.5%, respectively, and the mean frequency of the CD45+CD34+ immunophenotype was 54.3%. The mean differentiated cell frequencies were 0.5% for lymphocytes, 15.8% for neutrophils, and 15.4% for platelets. These results demonstrate that the automated monoculture protocol can support the expansion of CD34+ cells with minimal lymphocyte residual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Jones
- Research and Development, Terumo Blood and Cell Technologies, Lakewood, CO 80215, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Annie Cunningham
- Research and Development, Terumo Blood and Cell Technologies, Lakewood, CO 80215, USA
| | - Nathan Frank
- Research and Development, Terumo Blood and Cell Technologies, Lakewood, CO 80215, USA
| | - Dalip Sethi
- Research and Development, Terumo Blood and Cell Technologies, Lakewood, CO 80215, USA
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18
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Cruz LJ, Rezaei S, Grosveld F, Philipsen S, Eich C. Nanoparticles targeting hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells: Multimodal carriers for the treatment of hematological diseases. Front Genome Ed 2022; 4:1030285. [PMID: 36407494 PMCID: PMC9666682 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2022.1030285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern-day hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) therapies, such as gene therapy, modify autologous HSCs prior to re-infusion into myelo-conditioned patients and hold great promise for treatment of hematological disorders. While this approach has been successful in numerous clinical trials, it relies on transplantation of ex vivo modified patient HSCs, which presents several limitations. It is a costly and time-consuming procedure, which includes only few patients so far, and ex vivo culturing negatively impacts on the viability and stem cell-properties of HSCs. If viral vectors are used, this carries the additional risk of insertional mutagenesis. A therapy delivered to HSCs in vivo, with minimal disturbance of the HSC niche, could offer great opportunities for novel treatments that aim to reverse disease symptoms for hematopoietic disorders and could bring safe, effective and affordable genetic therapies to all parts of the world. However, substantial unmet needs exist with respect to the in vivo delivery of therapeutics to HSCs. In the last decade, in particular with the development of gene editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9, nanoparticles (NPs) have become an emerging platform to facilitate the manipulation of cells and organs. By employing surface modification strategies, different types of NPs can be designed to target specific tissues and cell types in vivo. HSCs are particularly difficult to target due to the lack of unique cell surface markers that can be utilized for cell-specific delivery of therapeutics, and their shielded localization in the bone marrow (BM). Recent advances in NP technology and genetic engineering have resulted in the development of advanced nanocarriers that can deliver therapeutics and imaging agents to hematopoietic stem- and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the BM niche. In this review we provide a comprehensive overview of NP-based approaches targeting HSPCs to control and monitor HSPC activity in vitro and in vivo, and we discuss the potential of NPs for the treatment of malignant and non-malignant hematological disorders, with a specific focus on the delivery of gene editing tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis J. Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Somayeh Rezaei
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frank Grosveld
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sjaak Philipsen
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christina Eich
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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19
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Yang F, Zong H, Li F, Luo S, Zhang X, Xu Y, Zhang X. Eltrombopag modulates the phenotypic evolution and potential immunomodulatory roles of monocytes/macrophages in immune thrombocytopenia. Platelets 2022; 34:2135694. [DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2022.2135694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Yang
- Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Chinaand
| | - Hui Zong
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Li
- Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Chinaand
| | - Shulin Luo
- Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Chinaand
| | - Xiuqun Zhang
- Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Chinaand
| | - Yanli Xu
- Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Chinaand
| | - Xuezhong Zhang
- Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Chinaand
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20
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Hoang DM, Pham PT, Bach TQ, Ngo ATL, Nguyen QT, Phan TTK, Nguyen GH, Le PTT, Hoang VT, Forsyth NR, Heke M, Nguyen LT. Stem cell-based therapy for human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:272. [PMID: 35933430 PMCID: PMC9357075 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in stem cell technology open a new door for patients suffering from diseases and disorders that have yet to be treated. Stem cell-based therapy, including human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), has recently emerged as a key player in regenerative medicine. hPSCs are defined as self-renewable cell types conferring the ability to differentiate into various cellular phenotypes of the human body, including three germ layers. MSCs are multipotent progenitor cells possessing self-renewal ability (limited in vitro) and differentiation potential into mesenchymal lineages, according to the International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy (ISCT). This review provides an update on recent clinical applications using either hPSCs or MSCs derived from bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue (AT), or the umbilical cord (UC) for the treatment of human diseases, including neurological disorders, pulmonary dysfunctions, metabolic/endocrine-related diseases, reproductive disorders, skin burns, and cardiovascular conditions. Moreover, we discuss our own clinical trial experiences on targeted therapies using MSCs in a clinical setting, and we propose and discuss the MSC tissue origin concept and how MSC origin may contribute to the role of MSCs in downstream applications, with the ultimate objective of facilitating translational research in regenerative medicine into clinical applications. The mechanisms discussed here support the proposed hypothesis that BM-MSCs are potentially good candidates for brain and spinal cord injury treatment, AT-MSCs are potentially good candidates for reproductive disorder treatment and skin regeneration, and UC-MSCs are potentially good candidates for pulmonary disease and acute respiratory distress syndrome treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc M Hoang
- Department of Research and Development, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Phuong T Pham
- Department of Cellular Therapy, Vinmec High-Tech Center, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trung Q Bach
- Department of Research and Development, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anh T L Ngo
- Department of Cellular Therapy, Vinmec High-Tech Center, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Quyen T Nguyen
- Department of Research and Development, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trang T K Phan
- Department of Research and Development, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Giang H Nguyen
- Department of Research and Development, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phuong T T Le
- Department of Research and Development, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van T Hoang
- Department of Research and Development, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nicholas R Forsyth
- Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Michael Heke
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Liem Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Research and Development, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
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21
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Lebeau G, Ah-Pine F, Daniel M, Bedoui Y, Vagner D, Frumence E, Gasque P. Perivascular Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells, an Immune Privileged Niche for Viruses? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148038. [PMID: 35887383 PMCID: PMC9317325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a critical role in response to stress such as infection. They initiate the removal of cell debris, exert major immunoregulatory activities, control pathogens, and lead to a remodeling/scarring phase. Thus, host-derived ‘danger’ factors released from damaged/infected cells (called alarmins, e.g., HMGB1, ATP, DNA) as well as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (LPS, single strand RNA) can activate MSCs located in the parenchyma and around vessels to upregulate the expression of growth factors and chemoattractant molecules that influence immune cell recruitment and stem cell mobilization. MSC, in an ultimate contribution to tissue repair, may also directly trans- or de-differentiate into specific cellular phenotypes such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, lipofibroblasts, myofibroblasts, Schwann cells, and they may somehow recapitulate their neural crest embryonic origin. Failure to terminate such repair processes induces pathological scarring, termed fibrosis, or vascular calcification. Interestingly, many viruses and particularly those associated to chronic infection and inflammation may hijack and polarize MSC’s immune regulatory activities. Several reports argue that MSC may constitute immune privileged sanctuaries for viruses and contributing to long-lasting effects posing infectious challenges, such as viruses rebounding in immunocompromised patients or following regenerative medicine therapies using MSC. We will herein review the capacity of several viruses not only to infect but also to polarize directly or indirectly the functions of MSC (immunoregulation, differentiation potential, and tissue repair) in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégorie Lebeau
- Unité de Recherche en Pharmaco-Immunologie (UR-EPI), Université et CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France; (G.L.); (F.A.-P.); (M.D.); (Y.B.); (E.F.)
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie Clinique et Expérimentale de la ZOI (LICE-OI), Pôle de Biologie, CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Franck Ah-Pine
- Unité de Recherche en Pharmaco-Immunologie (UR-EPI), Université et CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France; (G.L.); (F.A.-P.); (M.D.); (Y.B.); (E.F.)
- Service Anatomo-Pathologie, CHU de la Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Matthieu Daniel
- Unité de Recherche en Pharmaco-Immunologie (UR-EPI), Université et CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France; (G.L.); (F.A.-P.); (M.D.); (Y.B.); (E.F.)
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie Clinique et Expérimentale de la ZOI (LICE-OI), Pôle de Biologie, CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Yosra Bedoui
- Unité de Recherche en Pharmaco-Immunologie (UR-EPI), Université et CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France; (G.L.); (F.A.-P.); (M.D.); (Y.B.); (E.F.)
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie Clinique et Expérimentale de la ZOI (LICE-OI), Pôle de Biologie, CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Damien Vagner
- Service de Médecine Interne, CHU de la Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France;
| | - Etienne Frumence
- Unité de Recherche en Pharmaco-Immunologie (UR-EPI), Université et CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France; (G.L.); (F.A.-P.); (M.D.); (Y.B.); (E.F.)
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie Clinique et Expérimentale de la ZOI (LICE-OI), Pôle de Biologie, CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Philippe Gasque
- Unité de Recherche en Pharmaco-Immunologie (UR-EPI), Université et CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France; (G.L.); (F.A.-P.); (M.D.); (Y.B.); (E.F.)
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie Clinique et Expérimentale de la ZOI (LICE-OI), Pôle de Biologie, CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
- Correspondence:
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22
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Kimura K, Yamamori S, Hazawa M, Kobayashi-Sun J, Kondo M, Wong RW, Kobayashi I. Inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling promotes ex vivo maintenance and proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells in zebrafish. Stem Cells 2022; 40:831-842. [PMID: 35759948 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance and proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are tightly regulated by their niches in the bone marrow. The analysis of niche cells or stromal cell lines that can support HSCs has facilitated the finding of novel supporting factors for HSCs. Despite large efforts in the murine bone marrow, however, HSC expansion is still difficult ex vivo, highlighting the need for new approaches to elucidate the molecular elements that regulate HSCs. The zebrafish provides a unique model to study hematopoietic niches as HSCs are maintained in the kidney, allowing for a parallel view of hematopoietic niches over evolution. Here, using a stromal cell line from the zebrafish kidney, zebrafish kidney stromal (ZKS), we uncover that an inhibitor of canonical Wnt signaling, IWR-1-endo, is a potent regulator of HSCs. Co-culture assays revealed that ZKS cells were in part supportive of maintenance, but not expansion, of gata2a:GFP+runx1:mCherry+ (gata2a+runx1+) HSCs. Transcriptome analysis revealed that, compared to candidate niche cells in the kidney, ZKS cells weakly expressed HSC maintenance factor genes, thpo and cxcl12, but highly expressed canonical Wnt ligand genes, wnt1, 7bb, and 9a. Thpo supplementation in ZKS culture slightly increased, but inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling by IWR-1-endo treatment largely increased the number of gata2a+runx1+ cells (> 2-fold). Moreover, we found that gata2a+runx1+ cells can be maintained by supplementing both IWR-1-endo and Thpo without stromal cells. Collectively, our data provide evidence that IWR-1-endo can be used as a novel supporting factor for HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kimura
- Division of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shiori Yamamori
- Division of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Masaharu Hazawa
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan.,WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan.,Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Jingjing Kobayashi-Sun
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan.,Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Mao Kondo
- Division of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Richard W Wong
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan.,WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan.,Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Isao Kobayashi
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
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23
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Fan T, Kuang G, Long R, Han Y, Wang J. The overall process of metastasis: From initiation to a new tumor. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188750. [PMID: 35728735 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis-a process that involves the migration of cells from the primary site to distant organs-is the leading cause of cancer-associated death. Improved technology and in-depth research on tumors have furthered our understanding of the various mechanisms involved in tumor metastasis. Metastasis is initiated by cancer cells of a specific phenotype, which migrate with the assistance of extracellular components and metastatic traits conferred via epigenetic regulation while modifying their behavior in response to the complex and dynamic human internal environment. In this review, we have summarized the general steps involved in tumor metastasis and their characteristics, incorporating recent studies and topical issues, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer stem cells, neutrophil extracellular traps, pre-metastatic niche, extracellular vesicles, and dormancy. Several feasible treatment directions have also been summarized. In addition, the correlation between cancer metastasis and lifestyle factors, such as obesity and circadian rhythm, has been illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyue Fan
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Guicheng Kuang
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Runmin Long
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunwei Han
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.
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Zhang L, Zhao Q, Cang H, Wang Z, Hu X, Pan R, Yang Y, Chen Y. Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells Educate Mesenchymal Stromal Cells toward an Adipogenic Differentiation Propensity with Leukemia Promotion Capabilities. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:2105811. [PMID: 35686138 PMCID: PMC9165478 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are essential elements of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, which have been widely implicated in pathways that contribute to leukemia growth and resistance. Recent reports showed genotypic and phenotypic alterations in leukemia patient-derived MSCs, indicating that MSCs might be educated/reprogrammed. However, the results have been inconclusive, possibly due to the heterogeneity of leukemia. Here, the authors report that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) induces MSCs towards an adipogenic differentiation propensity. RNAseq analysis reveal significant upregulation of gene expression enriched in the adipocyte differentiation process and reduction in osteoblast differentiation. The alteration is accompanied by a metabolic switch from glycolysis to a more oxidative phosphorylation-dependent manner. Mechanistic studies identify that AML cell-derived exosomes play a vital role during the AML cell-mediated MSCs education/reprogramming process. Pre-administration of mice BM microenvironment with AML-derived exosomes greatly enhance leukemia engraftment in vivo. The quantitative proteomic analysis identified a list of exosomal protein components that are differently expressed in AML-derived exosomes, which represent an opportunity for novel therapeutic strategies based on the targeting of exosome-based AML cells-MSCs communication. Collectively, the data show that AML-educated MSCs tend to differentiate into adipocytes contributing to disease progression, which suggests complex interactions of leukemia with microenvironment components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luwen Zhang
- Department of Genetics, and Department of Genetic and Metabolic DiseaseThe Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouZhejiang310052China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersInstitute of Genetics, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- Department of Genetics, and Department of Genetic and Metabolic DiseaseThe Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouZhejiang310052China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersInstitute of Genetics, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Hui Cang
- Department of Genetics, and Department of Genetic and Metabolic DiseaseThe Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouZhejiang310052China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersInstitute of Genetics, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Ziqiang Wang
- Department of Genetics, and Department of Genetic and Metabolic DiseaseThe Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouZhejiang310052China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersInstitute of Genetics, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Xiaojia Hu
- Department of Genetics, and Department of Genetic and Metabolic DiseaseThe Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouZhejiang310052China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersInstitute of Genetics, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Ruolang Pan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell‐Based Drug and Applied Technology DevelopmentInstitute for Cell‐Based Drug Development of Zhejiang ProvinceS‐Evans BiosciencesHangzhouZhejiang310023China
| | - Yang Yang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310004China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Genetics, and Department of Genetic and Metabolic DiseaseThe Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouZhejiang310052China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental DisordersInstitute of Genetics, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
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Gilchrist AE, Harley BA. Engineered Tissue Models to Replicate Dynamic Interactions within the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102130. [PMID: 34936239 PMCID: PMC8986554 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells are the progenitors of the blood and immune system and represent the most widely used regenerative therapy. However, their rarity and limited donor base necessitate the design of ex vivo systems that support HSC expansion without the loss of long-term stem cell activity. This review describes recent advances in biomaterials systems to replicate features of the hematopoietic niche. Inspired by the native bone marrow, these instructive biomaterials provide stimuli and cues from cocultured niche-associated cells to support HSC encapsulation and expansion. Engineered systems increasingly enable study of the dynamic nature of the matrix and biomolecular environment as well as the role of cell-cell signaling (e.g., autocrine feedback vs paracrine signaling between dissimilar cells). The inherent coupling of material properties, biotransport of cell-secreted factors, and cell-mediated remodeling motivate dynamic biomaterial systems as well as characterization and modeling tools capable of evaluating a temporally evolving tissue microenvironment. Recent advances in HSC identification and tracking, model-based experimental design, and single-cell culture platforms facilitate the study of the effect of constellations of matrix, cell, and soluble factor signals on HSC fate. While inspired by the HSC niche, these tools are amenable to the broader stem cell engineering community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan E. Gilchrist
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Brendan A.C. Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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In Vitro Models of Bone Marrow Remodelling and Immune Dysfunction in Space: Present State and Future Directions. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040766. [PMID: 35453515 PMCID: PMC9031916 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight affects the body on every level. Reports on astronaut health identify bone marrow remodelling and dysfunction of the innate immune system as significant health risks of long-term habitation in space. Microgravity-induced alterations of the bone marrow induce physical changes to the bone marrow stem cell niche. Downstream effects on innate immunity are expected due to impaired hematopoiesis and myelopoiesis. To date, few studies have investigated these effects in real microgravity and the sparsely available literature often reports contrasting results. This emphasizes a need for the development of physiologically relevant in vitro models of the bone marrow stem cell niche, capable of delivering appropriate sample sizes for robust statistics. Here, we review recent findings on the impact of spaceflight conditions on innate immunity in in vitro and animal models and discusses the latest in vitro models of the bone marrow stem cell niche and their potential translatability to gravitational biology research.
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Protease Activated Receptors: A Pathway to Boosting Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapeutic Efficacy in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031277. [PMID: 35163205 PMCID: PMC8836081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome is the most common cause of respiratory failure among critically ill patients, and its importance has been heightened during the COVID-19 pandemic. Even with the best supportive care, the mortality rate in the most severe cases is 40–50%, and the only pharmacological agent shown to be of possible benefit has been steroids. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been tested in several pre-clinical models of lung injury and been found to have significant therapeutic benefit related to: (a) potent immunomodulation; (b) secretion of epithelial and endothelial growth factors; and (c) augmentation of host defense to infection. Initial translational efforts have shown signs of promise, but the results have not yielded the anticipated outcomes. One potential reason is the relatively low survival of MSCs in inflammatory conditions as shown in several studies. Therefore, strategies to boost the survival of MSCs are needed to enhance their therapeutic effect. Protease-activated receptors (PARs) may represent one such possibility as they are G-protein coupled receptors expressed by MSCs and control several facets of cell behavior. This review summarizes some of the existing literature about PARs and MSCs and presents possible future areas of investigation in order to develop potential, PAR-modified MSCs with enhanced therapeutic efficiency.
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Weng Z, Wang Y, Ouchi T, Liu H, Qiao X, Wu C, Zhao Z, Li L, Li B. OUP accepted manuscript. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:356-371. [PMID: 35485439 PMCID: PMC9052415 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takehito Ouchi
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hanghang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianghe Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenzhou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Corresponding author: Bo Li, DDS, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic of China.
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[Role of imbalance of M1/M2 subsets of bone marrow macrophages in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated aplastic anemia in mice]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2021; 42:945-951. [PMID: 35045657 PMCID: PMC8763597 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the role of macrophages (Mø) in the pathogenesis of modified immune-mediated aplastic anemia (AA) mice model. Methods: Before the establishment of the F1 AA mice model by total-body irradiation combined with allogeneic lymphocyte infusion, the mice of the CLO+AA group were treated with clodronate (CLO) liposomes to remove macrophages, and those of the PBS+AA group were treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) liposomes and used as control. The severity of AA was observed by bone marrow (BM) pathological examination and peripheral blood cell count. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect the CD4(+)/CD8(+) T lymphocyte subsets in the BM and Mø subsets in the BM and spleen of each group. The levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, G-CSF, GM-CSF, EPO, and TPO in the peripheral blood were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Finally, the relationships between inflammatory factors and Mø subsets were analyzed. Results: The BM fatty conversion of mice in the CLO+AA group was significantly alleviated compared with the PBS+AA group. Hemoglobin counts were (91.50±31.63) and (110.65±24.15) g/L, respectively, and the platelet counts were (90.85±121.90) × 10(6)/L and (461.13±483.45) ×10(6)/L, respectively. The differences were all statistically significant (all P<0.05) . After removing macrophages, the proportions of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes in BM of mice in the CLO+AA group decreased, but the reduction of CD8(+) T cells was more significant. The proportions of CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells in BM of the PBS+AA group were (18.5±10.17) % and (36.23±6.40) %, respectively, and in the CLO+AA group were (7.58±8.00) % and (6.67±5.78) %, respectively. Similarly, the percentage of macrophages in the spleen and BM in the CLO+AA group was significantly reduced compared with the PBS+AA group, most of which were M1 macrophages (P<0.05) . The levels of IFN-γ in peripheral blood of the PBS+AA and CLO+AA groups were (602.37±104.62) ng/L and (303.01±87.22) ng/L, respectively, the levels of TNF-α were (34.46±1.42) ng/L and (23.25±4.21) ng/L, respectively, the levels of GM-CSF were (9.32 ± 2.00) ng/L and (64.85±12.25) ng/L, respectively, the levels of G-CSF were (5 891.78±2 632.39) ng/L and (17 784.16±488.36) ng/L, respectively, the levels of EPO were (9 667.31±4 501.95) ng/L and (2 078.02±897.56) ng/L, respectively, and the levels of TPO were (6.36±2.09) ng/L and (11.67±2.86) ng/L, respectively (all P<0.05) . Conclusions: This study confirmed that macrophages were involved in the pathogenesis of AA, and the degree of BM damage in AA mice was improved by removing macrophages in advance. The imbalance of M1/M2 macrophages and the changes of IFN-γ and TNF-α may be important mechanisms that eventually lead to AA.
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Characteristics of macrophages from myelodysplastic syndrome microenvironment. Exp Cell Res 2021; 408:112837. [PMID: 34547255 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic neoplasms. The progression of malignancy is closely associated with immune regulation. Macrophages are indispensable tissue components and have been proposed to play a role in the pathophysiology of hematopoietic malignancies. However, the specific role of macrophages in the development of MDS remains unclear. Here, we investigated the characteristics and phenotypic evolution of macrophages from patients with MDS. Macrophages from patients with MDS expressed CD68, CD86 and CD163. Furthermore, MDS macrophages exhibited more M2-related characteristics. Moreover, a number of phenotype-associated genes in MDS macrophages exhibited diverse responses to iron overload or iron chelation upon stimulation by ferric chloride or deferoxamine (DFO, an iron chelator). Ferric chloride polarized MDS macrophages to exhibit more M1-related characteristics, a phenomenon that could be partially reversed by DFO. Therefore, this study reveals the characteristics and phenotypic evolution of MDS macrophages and broadens the knowledge of macrophage plasticity in hematopoietic malignancies.
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Dregalla RC, Herrera JA, Donner EJ. Red blood cells and their releasates compromise bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem/stromal cell survival in vitro. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:547. [PMID: 34674751 PMCID: PMC8529765 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02610-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The use of bone marrow aspirate (BMA) and bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMC) in the treatment of inflammatory orthopedic conditions has become a common practice. The therapeutic effect of BMA/BMC is thought to revolve primarily around the mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) population residing within the nucleated cell fraction. MSCs have the unique ability to respond to site of injury via the secretion of immunomodulating factors, resolving inflammation in diseased joints. Recently, the importance of hematocrit (HCT) in BMC has been debated, as the potential impact on MSC function is unknown. In the present study, we investigate MSC health over a short time-course following exposure to a range of HCT and red blood cell releasate (RBCrel) conditions. METHODS Bone marrow-derived human MSCs in early passage were grown under conditions of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20% and 40% HCT and RBCrel conditions for 3 days. At each day, the percentage of viable, apoptotic and necrotic MSCs was determined via flow cytometry. Relative viable MSC counts in each condition was determined to account for dynamic changes in overall MSC densities over the time-course. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way ANOVA comparing test conditions to the control followed by a Dunnett's multiple comparison test. RESULTS Significant reductions in viable MSCs concurrent with an increase in necrotic MSCs in high HCT and RBCrel conditions was observed within 24 h. At each successive timepoint, the percent and relative number of viable MSCs were reduced, becoming significant in multiple HCT and RBCrel conditions by Day 3. Necrosis appears to be the initial mode of MSC death following exposure to HCT and RBCrel, followed by apoptosis in surviving MSC fractions. CONCLUSION Various levels of HCT and RBCrel severely compromise MSC health within 3 days and HCT should be controlled in the preparation of BMC products. Further, HCT of BMCs should be routinely recorded and tracked with patient outcomes along with routine metrics (e.g. nucleated cell counts, fibroblast-colony forming units). Differences in HCT may account for the inconsistencies in the efficacy of BMC reported when treating orthopedic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Christopher Dregalla
- 4795 Larimer Parkway, Elite Regenerative Stem Cell Specialists, LLC, Johnstown, CO, 80534, USA. .,R&D Regenerative Laboratory Resources, LLC, 4795 Larimer Parkway, Johnstown, CO, 80534, USA.
| | - Jessica Ann Herrera
- 4795 Larimer Parkway, Elite Regenerative Stem Cell Specialists, LLC, Johnstown, CO, 80534, USA.,R&D Regenerative Laboratory Resources, LLC, 4795 Larimer Parkway, Johnstown, CO, 80534, USA
| | - Edward Jeffery Donner
- 4795 Larimer Parkway, Elite Regenerative Stem Cell Specialists, LLC, Johnstown, CO, 80534, USA.,R&D Regenerative Laboratory Resources, LLC, 4795 Larimer Parkway, Johnstown, CO, 80534, USA.,4795 Larimer Parkway, Colorado Spine Institute, PLLC, Johnstown, CO, 80534, USA
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Aasebø E, Brenner AK, Hernandez-Valladares M, Birkeland E, Mjaavatten O, Reikvam H, Selheim F, Berven FS, Bruserud Ø. Patient Heterogeneity in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Leukemic Cell Communication by Release of Soluble Mediators and Its Effects on Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9040074. [PMID: 34698165 PMCID: PMC8544451 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9040074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive bone marrow malignancy, and non-leukemic stromal cells (including mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs) are involved in leukemogenesis and show AML-supporting effects. We investigated how constitutive extracellular mediator release by primary human AML cells alters proteomic profiles of normal bone marrow MSCs. An average of 6814 proteins (range 6493−6918 proteins) were quantified for 41 MSC cultures supplemented with AML-cell conditioned medium, whereas an average of 6715 proteins (range 6703−6722) were quantified for untreated control MSCs. The AML effect on global MSC proteomic profiles varied between patients. Hierarchical clustering analysis identified 10 patients (5/10 secondary AML) showing more extensive AML-effects on the MSC proteome, whereas the other 31 patients clustered together with the untreated control MSCs and showed less extensive AML-induced effects. These two patient subsets differed especially with regard to MSC levels of extracellular matrix and mitochondrial/metabolic regulatory proteins. Less than 10% of MSC proteins were significantly altered by the exposure to AML-conditioned media; 301 proteins could only be quantified after exposure to conditioned medium and 201 additional proteins were significantly altered compared with the levels in control samples (153 increased, 48 decreased). The AML-modulated MSC proteins formed several interacting networks mainly reflecting intracellular organellar structure/trafficking but also extracellular matrix/cytokine signaling, and a single small network reflecting altered DNA replication. Our results suggest that targeting of intracellular trafficking and/or intercellular communication is a possible therapeutic strategy in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Aasebø
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (E.A.); (A.K.B.); (H.R.)
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.H.-V.); (E.B.); (O.M.); (F.S.); (F.S.B.)
| | - Annette K. Brenner
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (E.A.); (A.K.B.); (H.R.)
| | - Maria Hernandez-Valladares
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.H.-V.); (E.B.); (O.M.); (F.S.); (F.S.B.)
| | - Even Birkeland
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.H.-V.); (E.B.); (O.M.); (F.S.); (F.S.B.)
| | - Olav Mjaavatten
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.H.-V.); (E.B.); (O.M.); (F.S.); (F.S.B.)
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (E.A.); (A.K.B.); (H.R.)
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Frode Selheim
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.H.-V.); (E.B.); (O.M.); (F.S.); (F.S.B.)
| | - Frode S. Berven
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.H.-V.); (E.B.); (O.M.); (F.S.); (F.S.B.)
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (E.A.); (A.K.B.); (H.R.)
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Correspondence:
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Perugini V, Santin M. A Substrate-Mimicking Basement Membrane Drives the Organization of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Endothelial Cells Into Perivascular Niche-Like Structures. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:701842. [PMID: 34650967 PMCID: PMC8507467 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.701842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix-derived products (e.g. Matrigel) are widely used for in vitro cell cultures both as two-dimensional (2D) substrates and as three-dimensional (3D) encapsulation gels because of their ability to control cell phenotypes through biospecific cues. However, batch-to-batch variations, poor stability, cumbersome handling, and the relatively high costs strictly limit their use. Recently, a new substrate known as PhenoDrive-Y has been used as 2D coating of tissue culture plastic showing to direct the bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) toward the formation of 3D spheroids. When organized into 3D spheroids, the MSCs expressed levels of pluripotency markers and of paracrine angiogenic activity higher than those of the MSCs adhering as fibroblast-like colonies on tissue culture plastic. The formation of the spheroids was attributed to the properties of this biomaterial that resemble the main features of the basement membrane by mimicking the mesh structure of collagen IV and by presenting the cells with orderly spaced laminin bioligands. In this study, PhenoDrive-Y was compared to Matrigel for its ability to drive the formation of perivascular stem cell niche-like structures in 2D co-culture conditions of human endothelial cells and adult bone marrow MSCs. Morphological analyses demonstrated that, when compared to Matrigel, PhenoDrive-Y led endothelial cells to sprout into a more consolidated tubular network and that the MSCs nestled as compact spheroids above the anastomotic areas of this network resemble more closely the histological features of the perivascular stem cell niche. A study of the expressions of relevant markers led to the identification of the pathways linking the PhenoDrive-Y biomimicking properties to the acquired histological features, demonstrating the enhanced levels of stemness, renewal potential, predisposition to migration, and paracrine activities of the MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Perugini
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Santin
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: an Antimicrobial and Host-Directed Therapy for Complex Infectious Diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev 2021; 34:e0006421. [PMID: 34612662 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00064-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for new antimicrobial strategies for treating complex infections and emerging pathogens. Human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are adult multipotent cells with antimicrobial properties, mediated through direct bactericidal activity and modulation of host innate and adaptive immune cells. More than 30 in vivo studies have reported on the use of human MSCs for the treatment of infectious diseases, with many more studies of animal MSCs in same-species models of infection. MSCs demonstrate potent antimicrobial effects against the major classes of human pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites) across a wide range of infection models. Mechanistic studies have yielded important insight into their immunomodulatory and bactericidal activity, which can be enhanced through various forms of preconditioning. MSCs are being investigated in over 80 clinical trials for difficult-to-treat infectious diseases, including sepsis and pulmonary, intra-abdominal, cutaneous, and viral infections. Completed trials consistently report MSCs to be safe and well tolerated, with signals of efficacy against some infectious diseases. Although significant obstacles must be overcome to produce a standardized, affordable, clinical-grade cell therapy, these studies suggest that MSCs may have particular potential as an adjunct therapy in complex or resistant infections.
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Hao J, Zhou H, Nemes K, Yen D, Zhao W, Bramlett C, Wang B, Lu R, Shen K. Membrane-bound SCF and VCAM-1 synergistically regulate the morphology of hematopoietic stem cells. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212562. [PMID: 34402812 PMCID: PMC8374872 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-bound factors expressed by niche stromal cells constitute a unique class of localized cues and regulate the long-term functions of adult stem cells, yet little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Here, we used a supported lipid bilayer (SLB) to recapitulate the membrane-bound interactions between hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and niche stromal cells. HSCs cluster membrane-bound stem cell factor (mSCF) at the HSC-SLB interface. They further form a polarized morphology with aggregated mSCF under a large protrusion through a synergy with VCAM-1 on the bilayer, which drastically enhances HSC adhesion. These features are unique to mSCF and HSCs among the factors and hematopoietic populations we examined. The mSCF-VCAM-1 synergy and the polarized HSC morphology require PI3K signaling and cytoskeletal reorganization. The synergy also enhances nuclear retention of FOXO3a, a crucial factor for HSC maintenance, and minimizes its loss induced by soluble SCF. Our work thus reveals a unique role and signaling mechanism of membrane-bound factors in regulating stem cell morphology and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Hao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kristen Nemes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Daniel Yen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Winfield Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Charles Bramlett
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Bowen Wang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Rong Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.,Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Keyue Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.,USC Stem Cell, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Multiple myeloma is a hematological malignancy of differentiated B cells that resides primarily in bone marrow niches. Its interaction with the microenvironment is known to provide a survival advantage and plays an important role in drug resistance. Despite the increased efficacy of new treatment drugs, clinical results oftentimes fall short of in vitro observations, and this disease remains incurable. Conventional 2-dimensional cultures used to perform chemosensitivity assays and the established multiple myeloma cells lines commonly used do not replicate the conditions seen in vivo. This review presents various 3-dimensional culture platforms for myeloma that attempt to overcome this obstacle by incorporating aspects of the tumor microenvironment. The unique features of each model and contributions they have provided in personalized medicine, tumor physiology, and chemosensitivity assays will be summarized.
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Belyavsky A, Petinati N, Drize N. Hematopoiesis during Ontogenesis, Adult Life, and Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179231. [PMID: 34502137 PMCID: PMC8430730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the bone marrow of vertebrates, two types of stem cells coexist-hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Hematopoiesis only occurs when these two stem cell types and their descendants interact. The descendants of HSCs supply the body with all the mature blood cells, while MSCs give rise to stromal cells that form a niche for HSCs and regulate the process of hematopoiesis. The studies of hematopoiesis were initially based on morphological observations, later extended by the use of physiological methods, and were subsequently augmented by massive application of sophisticated molecular techniques. The combination of these methods produced a wealth of new data on the organization and functional features of hematopoiesis in the ontogenesis of mammals and humans. This review summarizes the current views on hematopoiesis in mice and humans, discusses the development of blood elements and hematopoiesis in the embryo, and describes how the hematopoietic system works in the adult organism and how it changes during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Belyavsky
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | | | - Nina Drize
- National Research Center for Hematology, 125167 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence:
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Bhartiya D, Singh P, Sharma D, Kaushik A. Very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) regenerate whereas mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) rejuvenate diseased reproductive tissues. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:1718-1727. [PMID: 34410593 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Compared to embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have made their presence felt with good therapeutic promise and safety profile. Transplanting MSCs has successfully helped to reverse infertility and resulted in live births in animal models and also in humans. But the underlying mechanism for their therapeutic potential is not yet clear. MSCs are not pluripotent and hence lack plasticity to differentiate into multiple adult cell types. They rather act as 'paracrine providers' to the tissue-resident stem cells since similar beneficial effects are also observed when their secretome (microvesicles or exosomes) is transplanted. Cytokines, growth factors, signaling lipids, mRNAs, and miRNAs secreted by MSCs enables tissue-resident stem cells to undergo differentiation into specific cell types. Tissue-resident stem cells include pluripotent, very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) and progenitors [spermatogonial (SSCs), ovarian (OSCs) and endometrial (EnSCs) stem cells in testes, ovary and uterus respectively] which function in a subtle manner to maintain life-long tissue homeostasis and regenerate damaged (non-functional) reproductive tissues by differentiating into sperm, oocytes and endometrial epithelial cells respectively. Similar to restoring spermatogenesis, primordial follicles numbers are increased upon transplanting MSCs. Published literature suggests that MSCs do not differentiate into epithelial cells in the endometrium. Nuclear OCT-4 positive VSELs and cytoplasmic OCT-4, AXIN2 and KERATIN-19 positive epithelial progenitors have a greater role during endometrial regeneration. We propose, transplantation of MSCs simply provides growth factors/cytokines essential for the tissue-resident stem/progenitor cells to undergo differentiation into sperm, eggs and endometrial epithelial cells in the reproductive tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Bhartiya
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India.
| | - Pushpa Singh
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Diksha Sharma
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Ankita Kaushik
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
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Zhao Y, Li Q, Zhu T, He J, Xue P, Zheng W, Yao Y, Qu W, Zhou Z, Lu R, Zhou Z, He R, He M, Zhang Y. Lead in Synergism With IFNγ Acts on Bone Marrow-Resident Macrophages to Increase the Quiescence of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Toxicol Sci 2021; 180:369-382. [PMID: 33483752 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic heavy metal that broadly exists in our living environment. Although Pb has been shown to influence the development of immune cells, to date, the impact of Pb on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow (BM) remains unknown. As people are ubiquitously exposed to Pb and HSC are essential for human health, understanding the impact of Pb on HSC is significant for public health. In this study, we found that wild-type B6 mice treated with 1250 ppm Pb, but not 125 ppm Pb via drinking water for 8 weeks had increased quiescence of HSC in the BM. Functional analyses demonstrated that wild-type mice treated with 1250 ppm Pb had increased potential for HSC to repopulate the immune system and engraft to the niche in the BM under a competitive chimeric microenvironment of lethally irradiated recipients. Moreover, we found that Pb-increased quiescence of HSC critically relied on a synergetic action of Pb and interferon γ (IFNγ) on BM-resident macrophages (BM-MΦ), but not a direct action of Pb on HSC. Specifically, in steady state, BM-MΦ promoted HSC proliferation; and upon Pb treatment, IFNγ was induced in the BM, and thereafter Pb in synergism with IFNγ acted on BM-MΦ to cause BM-MΦ to become suppressive for HSC proliferation, thus leading to increased quiescence of HSC. Our study suggests that Pb increased the quiescence of HSC via a synergetic action of Pb and IFNγ on BM-MΦ, which was previously unrecognized toxicity of Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhao
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinyi He
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Xue
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ye Yao
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weidong Qu
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rongzhu Lu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Rui He
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Miao He
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Schulz C, Petzold T, Ishikawa-Ankerhold H. Macrophage Regulation of Granulopoiesis and Neutrophil Functions. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:182-191. [PMID: 33107319 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Neutrophils are potent effector cells of innate immunity requiring precise regulation of their numbers and functions in blood and tissues. Recent Advances: Macrophages have emerged as modulators of neutrophil properties. In inflammatory conditions, tissue macrophages modulate neutrophil trafficking and activation. Further, macrophages govern granulopoiesis in the bone marrow hematopoietic niche. Interactions of macrophages and neutrophils can be induced by cytokines and damage-associated molecular patterns, and they are also regulated by oxidative signaling. Critical Issues: We review the impact of macrophages on neutrophil development and function, and its consequences in health and disease. Future Directions: Targeting the liaison between macrophages and neutrophils might provide an interesting therapeutic strategy to reduce tissue inflammation and promote immune tolerance. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 182-191.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schulz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I., LMU Klinikum, Munich, Germany.,Walter-Brendel-Center for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Petzold
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I., LMU Klinikum, Munich, Germany.,Walter-Brendel-Center for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Hellen Ishikawa-Ankerhold
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I., LMU Klinikum, Munich, Germany.,Walter-Brendel-Center for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Munich, Germany
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41
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Lu D, Xu Y, Liu Q, Zhang Q. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Macrophage Crosstalk and Maintenance of Inflammatory Microenvironment Homeostasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:681171. [PMID: 34249933 PMCID: PMC8267370 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.681171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are involved in almost every aspect of biological systems and include development, homeostasis and repair. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have good clinical application prospects due to their ability to regulate adaptive and innate immune cells, particularly macrophages, and they have been used successfully for many immune disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), acute lung injury, and wound healing, which have been reported as macrophage-mediated disorders. In the present review, we focus on the interaction between MSCs and macrophages and summarize their methods of interaction and communication, such as cell-to-cell contact, soluble factor secretion, and organelle transfer. In addition, we discuss the roles of MSC-macrophage crosstalk in the development of disease and maintenance of homeostasis of inflammatory microenvironments. Finally, we provide optimal strategies for applications in immune-related disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Lu
- The Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Xu
- The Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuli Liu
- The Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- The Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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42
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Sinha G, Ferrer AI, Ayer S, El-Far MH, Pamarthi SH, Naaldijk Y, Barak P, Sandiford OA, Bibber BM, Yehia G, Greco SJ, Jiang JG, Bryan M, Kumar R, Ponzio NM, Etchegaray JP, Rameshwar P. Specific N-cadherin-dependent pathways drive human breast cancer dormancy in bone marrow. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/7/e202000969. [PMID: 34078741 PMCID: PMC8200294 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The challenge for treating breast cancer (BC) is partly due to long-term dormancy driven by cancer stem cells (CSCs) capable of evading immune response and resist chemotherapy. BC cells show preference for the BM, resulting in poor prognosis. CSCs use connexin 43 (Cx43) to form gap junctional intercellular communication with BM niche cells, fibroblasts, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, Cx43 is an unlikely target to reverse BC dormancy because of its role as a hematopoietic regulator. We found N-cadherin (CDH2) and its associated pathways as potential drug targets. CDH2, highly expressed in CSCs, interacts intracellularly with Cx43, colocalizes with Cx43 in BC cells within BM biopsies of patients, and is required for Cx43-mediated gap junctional intercellular communication with BM niche cells. Notably, CDH2 and anti-apoptotic pathways maintained BC dormancy. We thereby propose these pathways as potential pharmacological targets to prevent dormancy and chemosensitize resistant CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Sinha
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.,Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medicine School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Alejandra I Ferrer
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.,Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medicine School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Seda Ayer
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medicine School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Markos H El-Far
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.,Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medicine School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Sri Harika Pamarthi
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medicine School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Yahaira Naaldijk
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medicine School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Pradeep Barak
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.,ONI, Linacre House, Oxford, UK
| | - Oleta A Sandiford
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medicine School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Bernadette M Bibber
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.,Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medicine School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Ghassan Yehia
- Genome Editing Shared Resource, Office of Research and Economic Development, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Steven J Greco
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medicine School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jie-Gen Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.,ONI, Linacre House, Oxford, UK
| | - Margarette Bryan
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medicine School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Kerala, India
| | - Nicholas M Ponzio
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.,ONI, Linacre House, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA .,Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medicine School, Newark, NJ, USA
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Disease severity impacts plerixafor-mobilized stem cell collection in patients with sickle cell disease. Blood Adv 2021; 5:2403-2411. [PMID: 33956057 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that plerixafor mobilization and apheresis in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) is safe and can allow collection of sufficient CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) collection for clinical gene therapy applications. However, the quantities of plerixafor-mobilized CD34+ cells vary between different SCD patients for unknown reasons. Twenty-three participants with SCD underwent plerixafor mobilization followed by apheresis, processing, and HSC enrichment under a phase 1 safety and efficacy study conducted at 2 institutions. Linear regression or Spearman's correlation test was used to assess the relationships between various hematologic and clinical parameters with total CD34+ cells/kg collected. Median CD34+ cells/kg after 2 or fewer mobilization and apheresis cycles was 4.0 × 106 (range, 1.5-12.0). Similar to what is observed generally, CD34+ yield correlated negatively with age (P < .001) and positively with baseline (P = .003) and preapheresis blood CD34+ cells/µL (P < .001), and baseline white blood cell (P = .01) and platelet counts (P = .03). Uniquely for SCD, CD34+ cell yields correlated positively with the number of days hydroxyurea was held (for up to 5 weeks, P = .01) and negatively with markers of disease severity, including hospitalization frequency within the preceding year (P = .01) and the number of medications taken for chronic pain (P = .002). Unique SCD-specific technical challenges in apheresis were also associated with reduced CD34+ cell collection efficiency and purification. Here, we describe factors that impact plerixafor mobilization success in patients with SCD, confirming known factors as described in other populations in addition to reporting previously unknown disease specific factors in patients with SCD. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03226691.
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Aasebø E, Brenner AK, Hernandez-Valladares M, Birkeland E, Berven FS, Selheim F, Bruserud Ø. Proteomic Comparison of Bone Marrow Derived Osteoblasts and Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115665. [PMID: 34073480 PMCID: PMC8198503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into osteoblasts, and therapeutic targeting of these cells is considered both for malignant and non-malignant diseases. We analyzed global proteomic profiles for osteoblasts derived from ten and MSCs from six healthy individuals, and we quantified 5465 proteins for the osteoblasts and 5420 proteins for the MSCs. There was a large overlap in the profiles for the two cell types; 156 proteins were quantified only in osteoblasts and 111 proteins only for the MSCs. The osteoblast-specific proteins included several extracellular matrix proteins and a network including 27 proteins that influence intracellular signaling (Wnt/Notch/Bone morphogenic protein pathways) and bone mineralization. The osteoblasts and MSCs showed only minor age- and sex-dependent proteomic differences. Finally, the osteoblast and MSC proteomic profiles were altered by ex vivo culture in serum-free media. We conclude that although the proteomic profiles of osteoblasts and MSCs show many similarities, we identified several osteoblast-specific extracellular matrix proteins and an osteoblast-specific intracellular signaling network. Therapeutic targeting of these proteins will possibly have minor effects on MSCs. Furthermore, the use of ex vivo cultured osteoblasts/MSCs in clinical medicine will require careful standardization of the ex vivo handling of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Aasebø
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (E.A.); (A.K.B.)
- Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.H.-V.); (E.B.); (F.S.B.); (F.S.)
| | - Annette K. Brenner
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (E.A.); (A.K.B.)
| | - Maria Hernandez-Valladares
- Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.H.-V.); (E.B.); (F.S.B.); (F.S.)
| | - Even Birkeland
- Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.H.-V.); (E.B.); (F.S.B.); (F.S.)
| | - Frode S. Berven
- Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.H.-V.); (E.B.); (F.S.B.); (F.S.)
| | - Frode Selheim
- Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.H.-V.); (E.B.); (F.S.B.); (F.S.)
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (E.A.); (A.K.B.)
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Correspondence:
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45
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Bassani B, Tripodo C, Portararo P, Gulino A, Botti L, Chiodoni C, Jachetti E, Bolli N, Ciciarello M, Joehrens K, Anagnostopoulos I, Na IK, Curti A, Colombo MP, Sangaletti S. CD40 Activity on Mesenchymal Cells Negatively Regulates OX40L to Maintain Bone Marrow Immune Homeostasis Under Stress Conditions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:662048. [PMID: 34084166 PMCID: PMC8168593 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.662048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Within the bone marrow (BM), mature T cells are maintained under homeostatic conditions to facilitate proper hematopoietic development. This homeostasis depends upon a peculiar elevated frequency of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and immune regulatory activities from BM-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). In response to BM transplantation (BMT), the conditioning regimen exposes the BM to a dramatic induction of inflammatory cytokines and causes an unbalanced T-effector (Teff) and Treg ratio. This imbalance negatively impacts hematopoiesis, particularly in regard to B-cell lymphopoiesis that requires an intact cross-talk between BM-MSCs and Tregs. The mechanisms underlying the ability of BM-MSCs to restore Treg homeostasis and proper B-cell development are currently unknown. Methods We studied the role of host radio-resistant cell-derived CD40 in restoring Teff/Treg homeostasis and proper B-cell development in a murine model of BMT. We characterized the host cellular source of CD40 and performed radiation chimera analyses by transplanting WT or Cd40-KO with WT BM in the presence of T-reg and co-infusing WT or - Cd40-KO BM-MSCs. Residual host and donor T cell expansion and activation (cytokine production) and also the expression of Treg fitness markers and conversion to Th17 were analyzed. The presence of Cd40+ BM-MSCs was analyzed in a human setting in correlation with the frequency of B-cell precursors in patients who underwent HSCT and variably developed acute graft-versus-host (aGVDH) disease. Results CD40 expression is nearly undetectable in the BM, yet a Cd40-KO recipient of WT donor chimera exhibited impaired B-cell lymphopoiesis and Treg development. Lethal irradiation promotes CD40 and OX40L expression in radio-resistant BM-MSCs through the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. OX40L favors Teff expansion and activation at the expense of Tregs; however, the expression of CD40 dampens OX40L expression and restores Treg homeostasis, thus facilitating proper B-cell development. Indeed, in contrast to dendritic cells in secondary lymphoid organs that require CD40 triggers to express OX40L, BM-MSCs require CD40 to inhibit OX40L expression. Conclusions CD40+ BM-MSCs are immune regulatory elements within BM. Loss of CD40 results in uncontrolled T cell activation due to a reduced number of Tregs, and B-cell development is consequently impaired. GVHD provides an example of how a loss of CD40+ BM-MSCs and a reduction in B-cell precursors may occur in a human setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bassani
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paola Portararo
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Botti
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Chiodoni
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Jachetti
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Niccolò Bolli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marilena Ciciarello
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Korinna Joehrens
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Il-Kang Na
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonio Curti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Mario P Colombo
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabina Sangaletti
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
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46
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Macrophages and Stem Cells-Two to Tango for Tissue Repair? Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050697. [PMID: 34066618 PMCID: PMC8148606 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (MCs) are present in all tissues, not only supporting homeostasis, but also playing an important role in organogenesis, post-injury regeneration, and diseases. They are a heterogeneous cell population due to their origin, tissue specificity, and polarization in response to aggression factors, depending on environmental cues. Thus, as pro-inflammatory M1 phagocytic MCs, they contribute to tissue damage and even fibrosis, but the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype participates in repairing processes and wound healing through a molecular interplay with most cells in adult stem cell niches. In this review, we emphasize MC phenotypic heterogeneity in health and disease, highlighting their systemic and systematic contribution to tissue homeostasis and repair. Unraveling the intervention of both resident and migrated MCs on the behavior of stem cells and the regulation of the stem cell niche is crucial for opening new perspectives for novel therapeutic strategies in different diseases.
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47
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Sim HJ, Kim MH, Bhattarai G, Hwang JW, So HS, Poudel SB, Cho ES, Kook SH, Lee JC. Overexpression of COMP-Angiopoietin-1 in K14-Expressing Cells Impairs Hematopoiesis and Disturbs Erythrocyte Maturation. Mol Cells 2021; 44:254-266. [PMID: 33935045 PMCID: PMC8112173 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.2155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies highlight the potential benefits potentials of supplemental cartilage oligomeric matrix protein-angiopoietin-1 (COMP-Ang1) through improved angiogenic effects. However, our recent findings show that excessive overexpression of COMP-Ang1 induces an impaired bone marrow (BM) microenvironment and senescence of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Here, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of how excessive COMP-Ang1 affects the function of BM-conserved stem cells and hematopoiesis using K14-Cre;inducible-COMP-Ang1-transgenic mice. Excessive COMP-Ang1 induced peripheral egression and senescence of BM HSCs and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Excessive COMP-Ang1 also caused abnormal hematopoiesis along with skewed differentiation of HSCs toward myeloid lineage rather than lymphoid lineage. Especially, excessive COMP-Ang1 disturbed late-stage erythroblast maturation, followed by decreased expression of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and globin transcription factor 1 (GATA-1) and increased levels of superoxide anion and p-p38 kinase. However, transplantation with the mutant-derived BM cells or treatment with rhCOMP-Ang1 protein did not alter the frequency or GATA-1 expression of erythroblasts in recipient mice or in cultured BM cells. Together, our findings suggest that excessive COMP-Ang1 impairs the functions of BM HSCs and MSCs and hematopoietic processes, eventually leading to abnormal erythropoiesis via imbalanced SDF-1/CXCR4 axis and GATA-1 expression rather than Ang1/Tie2 signaling axis alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jaung Sim
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Min-Hye Kim
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Govinda Bhattarai
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Jae-Won Hwang
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Han-Sol So
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Sher Bahadur Poudel
- Department of Basic Science & Craniofacial Biology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Eui-Sic Cho
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Kook
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Jeong-Chae Lee
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
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48
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Ramos-Rodriguez DH, MacNeil S, Claeyssens F, Asencio IO. The Use of Microfabrication Techniques for the Design and Manufacture of Artificial Stem Cell Microenvironments for Tissue Regeneration. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:50. [PMID: 33922428 PMCID: PMC8146165 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8050050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The recapitulation of the stem cell microenvironment is an emerging area of research that has grown significantly in the last 10 to 15 years. Being able to understand the underlying mechanisms that relate stem cell behavior to the physical environment in which stem cells reside is currently a challenge that many groups are trying to unravel. Several approaches have attempted to mimic the biological components that constitute the native stem cell niche, however, this is a very intricate environment and, although promising advances have been made recently, it becomes clear that new strategies need to be explored to ensure a better understanding of the stem cell niche behavior. The second strand in stem cell niche research focuses on the use of manufacturing techniques to build simple but functional models; these models aim to mimic the physical features of the niche environment which have also been demonstrated to play a big role in directing cell responses. This second strand has involved a more engineering approach in which a wide set of microfabrication techniques have been explored in detail. This review aims to summarize the use of these microfabrication techniques and how they have approached the challenge of mimicking the native stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. Ramos-Rodriguez
- Bioengineering and Health Technologies Group, The School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK;
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK; (S.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK; (S.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK; (S.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Ilida Ortega Asencio
- Bioengineering and Health Technologies Group, The School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK;
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Kristensen HB, Andersen TL, Patriarca A, Kallenbach K, MacDonald B, Sikjaer T, Ejersted C, Delaisse JM. Human hematopoietic microenvironments. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250081. [PMID: 33878141 PMCID: PMC8057613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dormancy of hematopoietic stem cells and formation of progenitors are directed by signals that come from the bone marrow microenvironment. Considerable knowledge has been gained on the murine hematopoietic stem cell microenvironment, while less so on the murine progenitor microenvironment and even less so on these microenvironments in humans. Characterization of these microenvironments is decisive for understanding hematopoiesis and finding new treatment modalities against bone marrow malignancies in the clinic. However, it is equally challenging, because hematopoietic stem cells are difficult to detect in the complex bone marrow landscape. In the present study we are characterizing the human hematopoietic stem cell and progenitor microenvironment. We obtained three adjacent bone marrow sections from ten healthy volunteers. One was used to identify a population of CD34+/CD38- “hematopoietic stem cells and multipotent progenitors” and a population of CD34+/CD38+ “progenitors” based on immunofluorescence pattern/intensity and cellular morphology. The other two were immunostained respectively for CD34/CD56 and for CD34/SMA. Using the combined information we performed a non-computer-assisted quantification of nine bone marrow components (adipocytes, megakaryocytes, bone surfaces, four different vessel types (arteries, capillaries, sinusoids and collecting sinuses), other “hematopoietic stem cells and multipotent progenitors” and other “progenitors”) within 30 μm of “hematopoietic stem cells and multipotent progenitors”, “progenitors”, and “random cell profiles”. We show that the microenvironment of the “hematopoietic stem cells and multipotent progenitors” is significantly enriched in sinusoids and megakaryocytes, while the microenvironment of the “progenitors” is significantly enriched in capillaries, other “progenitors”, bone surfaces and arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Bjoerg Kristensen
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology, Institute of Regional Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Cell Biology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Thomas Levin Andersen
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology, Institute of Regional Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Cell Biology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andrea Patriarca
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Hospital "Maggiore della Carità", Novara, Italy
| | - Klaus Kallenbach
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Birgit MacDonald
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology, Institute of Regional Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Tanja Sikjaer
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Ejersted
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jean-Marie Delaisse
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology, Institute of Regional Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Cell Biology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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50
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Aasebø E, Brenner AK, Birkeland E, Tvedt THA, Selheim F, Berven FS, Bruserud Ø. The Constitutive Extracellular Protein Release by Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells-A Proteomic Study of Patient Heterogeneity and Its Modulation by Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071509. [PMID: 33806032 PMCID: PMC8037744 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The formation of normal blood cells in the bone marrow is supported by a network of non-hematopoietic cells including connective tissue cells, blood vessel cells and bone-forming cells. These cell types support and regulate the growth of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and communicate with leukemic cells through the release of proteins to their common extracellular microenvironment. One of the AML-supporting normal cell types is a subset of connective tissue cells called mesenchymal stem cells. In the present study, we observed that AML cells release a wide range of diverse proteins into their microenvironment, but patients differ both with regard to the number and amount of released proteins. Inhibition of this bidirectional communication through protein release between AML cells and leukemia-supporting normal cells may become a new strategy for cancer treatment. Abstract Extracellular protein release is important both for the formation of extracellular matrix and for communication between cells. We investigated the extracellular protein release by in vitro cultured normal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and by primary human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells derived from 40 consecutive patients. We observed quantifiable levels of 3082 proteins in our study; for the MSCs, we detected 1446 proteins, whereas the number of released proteins for the AML cells showed wide variation between patients (average number 1699, range 557–2380). The proteins were derived from various cellular compartments (e.g., cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasms), several organelles (e.g., cytoskeleton, endoplasmatic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria) and had various functions (e.g., extracellular matrix and exosomal proteins, cytokines, soluble adhesion molecules, protein synthesis, post-transcriptional modulation, RNA binding, and ribonuclear proteins). Thus, AML patients were very heterogeneous both regarding the number of proteins and the nature of their extracellularly released proteins. The protein release profiles of MSCs and primary AML cells show a considerable overlap, but a minority of the proteins are released only or mainly by the MSC, including several extracellular matrix molecules. Taken together, our observations suggest that the protein profile of the extracellular bone marrow microenvironment differs between AML patients, these differences are mainly caused by the protein release by the leukemic cells but this leukemia-associated heterogeneity of the overall extracellular protein profile is modulated by the constitutive protein release by normal MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Aasebø
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (E.A.); (A.K.B.)
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (E.B.); (F.S.); (F.S.B.)
| | - Annette K. Brenner
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (E.A.); (A.K.B.)
| | - Even Birkeland
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (E.B.); (F.S.); (F.S.B.)
| | | | - Frode Selheim
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (E.B.); (F.S.); (F.S.B.)
| | - Frode S. Berven
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (E.B.); (F.S.); (F.S.B.)
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (E.B.); (F.S.); (F.S.B.)
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway;
- Correspondence: or
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