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Guan S, Tang M. Exposure of quantum dots in the nervous system: Central nervous system risks and the blood-brain barrier interface. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:936-952. [PMID: 38062852 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Quantum dots currently possess significant importance in the field of biomedical science. Upon introduction into the body, quantum dots exhibit a tendency to accumulate in diverse tissues including the central nervous system (CNS). Consequently, it becomes imperative to devote specific attention to their potential toxic effects. Moreover, the preservation of optimal CNS function relies heavily on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, thereby necessitating its prioritization in neurotoxicological investigations. A more comprehensive understanding of the BBB and CNS characteristics, along with the underlying mechanisms that may contribute to neurotoxicity, will greatly aid researchers in the development of effective design strategies. This article offers an in-depth look at the methods used to reduce the harmful effects of quantum dots on the nervous system, alongside the progression of effective treatments for brain-related conditions. The focal point of this discussion is the BBB and its intricate association with the CNS and neurotoxicology. The discourse commences by recent advancements in the medical application of quantum dots are examined. Subsequently, elucidating the mechanisms through which quantum dots infiltrate the human body and traverse into the brain. Additionally, the discourse delves into the factors that facilitate the passage of quantum dots across the BBB, primarily encompassing the physicochemical properties of quantum dots and the BBB's inherent capacity for self-permeability alteration. Furthermore, a concluding summary is presented, emphasizing existing research deficiencies and identifying promising avenues for further investigation within this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Guan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Coughlin DG, Hiniker A, Peterson C, Kim Y, Arezoumandan S, Giannini L, Pizzo D, Weintraub D, Siderowf A, Litvan I, Rissman RA, Galasko D, Hansen L, Trojanowski JQ, Lee E, Grossman M, Irwin D. Digital Histological Study of Neocortical Grey and White Matter Tau Burden Across Tauopathies. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2022; 81:953-964. [PMID: 36269086 PMCID: PMC9677241 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlac094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
3R/4R-tau species are found in Alzheimer disease (AD) and ∼50% of Lewy body dementias at autopsy (LBD+tau); 4R-tau accumulations are found in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD). Digital image analysis techniques can elucidate patterns of tau pathology more precisely than traditional methods but repeatability across centers is unclear. We calculated regional percentage areas occupied by tau pathological inclusions from the middle frontal cortex (MFC), superior temporal cortex (STC), and angular gyrus (ANG) from cases from the University of Pennsylvania and the University of California San Diego with AD, LBD+tau, PSP, or CBD (n = 150) using QuPath. In both cohorts, AD and LBD+tau had the highest grey and white matter tau burden in the STC (p ≤ 0.04). White matter tau burden was relatively higher in 4R-tauopathies than 3R/4R-tauopathies (p < 0.003). Grey and white matter tau were correlated in all diseases (R2=0.43-0.79, p < 0.04) with the greatest increase of white matter per unit grey matter tau observed in PSP (p < 0.02 both cohorts). Grey matter tau negatively correlated with MMSE in AD and LBD+tau (r = -4.4 to -5.4, p ≤ 0.02). These data demonstrate the feasibility of cross-institutional digital histology studies that generate finely grained measurements of pathology which can be used to support biomarker development and models of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Coughlin
- From the Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Annie Hiniker
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Claire Peterson
- Digital Neuropathology Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yongya Kim
- From the Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sanaz Arezoumandan
- Digital Neuropathology Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lucia Giannini
- Digital Neuropathology Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Alzheimer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Donald Pizzo
- Center for Advanced Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Daniel Weintraub
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew Siderowf
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Irene Litvan
- From the Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Robert A Rissman
- From the Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Douglas Galasko
- From the Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lawrence Hansen
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edward Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Murray Grossman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Irwin
- Digital Neuropathology Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Do Carmo S, Spillantini MG, Cuello AC. Editorial: Tau Pathology in Neurological Disorders. Front Neurol 2021; 12:754669. [PMID: 34630315 PMCID: PMC8497747 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.754669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Do Carmo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria Grazia Spillantini
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Clifford Allbutt Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - A Claudio Cuello
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Cai R, Wang Y, Huang Z, Zou Q, Pu Y, Yu C, Cai Z. Role of RhoA/ROCK signaling in Alzheimer's disease. Behav Brain Res 2021; 414:113481. [PMID: 34302876 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK), a serine/threonine kinase regulated by the small GTPase RhoA, is involved in regulating cell migration, proliferation, and survival. Numerous studies have shown that the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway can promote Alzheimer's disease (AD) occurrence. ROCK activation increases β-secretase activity and promotes amyloid-beta (Aβ) production; moreover, Aβ further activates ROCK. This is suggestive of a possible positive feedback role for Aβ and ROCK. Moreover, ROCK activation promotes the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and abnormal synaptic contraction. Additionally, ROCK activation can promote the neuroinflammatory response by activating microglia and astrocytes to release inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, ROCK is a promising drug target in AD; further, there is a need to elucidate the specific mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- RuoLan Cai
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China; Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - YangYang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China; Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - ZhenTing Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China; Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - Qian Zou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China; Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - YinShuang Pu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China; Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - Changyin Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - Zhiyou Cai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China; Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, China.
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Canepa E, Fossati S. Impact of Tau on Neurovascular Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurol 2021; 11:573324. [PMID: 33488493 PMCID: PMC7817626 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.573324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder and the most prevalent cause of dementia. The main cerebral histological hallmarks are represented by parenchymal insoluble deposits of amyloid beta (Aβ plaques) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), intracellular filamentous inclusions of tau, a microtubule-associated protein. It is well-established that cerebrovascular dysfunction is an early feature of AD pathology, but the detrimental mechanisms leading to blood vessel impairment and the associated neurovascular deregulation are not fully understood. In 90% of AD cases, Aβ deposition around the brain vasculature, known as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), alters blood brain barrier (BBB) essential functions. While the effects of vascular Aβ accumulation are better documented, the scientific community has only recently started to consider the impact of tau on neurovascular pathology in AD. Emerging compelling evidence points to transmission of neuronal tau to different brain cells, including astrocytes, as well as to the release of tau into brain interstitial fluids, which may lead to perivascular neurofibrillar tau accumulation and toxicity, affecting vessel architecture, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and vascular permeability. BBB integrity and functionality may therefore be impacted by pathological tau, consequentially accelerating the progression of the disease. Tau aggregates have also been shown to induce mitochondrial damage: it is known that tau impairs mitochondrial localization, distribution and dynamics, alters ATP and reactive oxygen species production, and compromises oxidative phosphorylation systems. In light of this previous knowledge, we postulate that tau can initiate neurovascular pathology in AD through mitochondrial dysregulation. In this review, we will explore the literature investigating tau pathology contribution to the malfunction of the brain vasculature and neurovascular unit, and its association with mitochondrial alterations and caspase activation, in cellular, animal, and human studies of AD and tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Canepa
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple (ACT), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Silvia Fossati
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple (ACT), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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