1
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Jonczyk A, Gottschalk M, Mangan MS, Majlesain Y, Thiem MW, Burbaum LC, Weighardt H, Latz E, Mayer G, Förster I. Topical application of a CCL22-binding aptamer suppresses contact allergy. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102254. [PMID: 39071952 PMCID: PMC11278340 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis is a prevalent occupational disease with limited therapeutic options. The chemokine CCL22, a ligand of the chemokine receptor CCR4, directs the migration of immune cells. Here, it is shown that genetic deficiency of CCL22 effectively ameliorated allergic reactions in contact hypersensitivity (CHS), a commonly used mouse model of allergic contact dermatitis. For the pharmacological inhibition of CCL22, DNA aptamers specific for murine CCL22 were generated by the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). Nine CCL22-binding aptamers were initially selected and functionally tested in vitro. The 29-nt DNA aptamer AJ102.29m profoundly inhibited CCL22-dependent T cell migration and did not elicit undesired Toll-like receptor-dependent immune activation. AJ102.29m efficiently ameliorated CHS in vivo after systemic application. Moreover, CHS-associated allergic symptoms were also reduced following topical application of the aptamer on the skin. Microscopic analysis of skin treated with AJ102.29m ex vivo demonstrated that the aptamer could penetrate into the epidermis and dermis. The finding that epicutaneous application of the aptamer AJ102.29m in a cream was as effective in suppressing the allergic reaction as intraperitoneal injection paves the way for therapeutic use of aptamers beyond the current routes of systemic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jonczyk
- Chemical Biology and Chemical Genetics, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marlene Gottschalk
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Yasmin Majlesain
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Manja W. Thiem
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Lea-Corinna Burbaum
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Heike Weighardt
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Günter Mayer
- Centre of Aptamer Research and Development, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Irmgard Förster
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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2
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Overdahl KE, Tighe RM, Stapleton HM, Ferguson PL. Investigating sensitization activity of azobenzene disperse dyes via the Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA). Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 182:114108. [PMID: 37890762 PMCID: PMC10872524 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Azobenzene disperse dyes are the fastest-growing category of commercial dyestuffs and have been found in indoor house dust and in children's polyester apparel. Azobenzene disperse dyes are implicated as potentially allergenic; however, little experimental data is available on allergenicity of these dyes. Here, we examine the binding of azobenzene disperse dyes to nucleophilic peptide residues as a proxy for their potential reactivity as electrophilic allergenic sensitizers. The Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA) was utilized via both a spectrophotometric method and a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. We tested dyes purified from commercial dyestuffs as well as several known transformation products. All dyes were found to react with nucleophilic peptides in a dose-dependent manner with pseudo-first order kinetics (rate constants as high as 0.04 h-1). Rates of binding reactivity were also found to correlate to electrophilic properties of dyes as measured by Hammett constants and electrophilicity indices. Reactivities of polyester shirt extracts were also tested for DPRA activity and the shirt extracts with high measured abundances of azobenzene disperse dyes were observed to induce greater peptide reactivity. Results suggest that azobenzene disperse dyes may function as immune sensitizers, and that clothing containing these dyes may pose risks for skin sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E Overdahl
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Robert M Tighe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Heather M Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - P Lee Ferguson
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States.
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3
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Honda T, Kabashima K, Kunisawa J. Exploring the roles of prostanoids, leukotriens, and dietary fatty acids in cutaneous inflammatory diseases: Insights from pharmacological and genetic approaches. Immunol Rev 2023; 317:95-112. [PMID: 36815685 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Prostanoids and leukotrienes (LTs) are representative of ω6 fatty acid-derived metabolites that exert their actions through specific receptors on the cell surface. These lipid mediators, being unstable in vivo, act locally at their production sites; thus, their physiological functions remain unclear. However, recent pharmacological and genetic approaches using experimental murine models have provided significant insights into the roles of these lipid mediators in various pathophysiological conditions, including cutaneous inflammatory diseases. These lipid mediators act not only through signaling by themselves but also by potentiating the signaling of other chemical mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines. For instance, prostaglandin E2 -EP4 and LTB4 -BLT1 signaling on cutaneous dendritic cells substantially facilitate their chemokine-induced migration ability into the skin and play critical roles in the priming and/or activation of antigen-specific effector T cells in the skin. In addition to these ω6 fatty acid-derived metabolites, various ω3 fatty acid-derived metabolites regulate skin immune cell functions, and some exert potent anti-inflammatory functions. Lipid mediators act as modulators of cutaneous immune responses, and manipulating the signaling from lipid mediators has the potential as a novel therapeutic approach for human skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Honda
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
- 5. A*Star Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Collaborative Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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4
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Ndreu L, Erber LN, Törnqvist M, Tretyakova NY, Karlsson I. Characterizing Adduct Formation of Electrophilic Skin Allergens with Human Serum Albumin and Hemoglobin. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2623-2636. [PMID: 32875789 PMCID: PMC7582624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Skin
(contact) allergy, the most predominant form of immunotoxicity
in humans, is caused by small electrophilic compounds (haptens) that
modify endogenous proteins. Approximately 20% of the general population
in the Western world is affected by contact allergy. Although the
importance of the hapten–protein conjugates is well established
in the initiation of the immunological reaction, not much progress
has been made regarding identification of these conjugates in vivo or exploration of their potential as diagnostic
tools. In this study, the human serum albumin (HSA) and human hemoglobin
(Hb) adductome for three representative contact allergens with different
chemical properties, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB), 1,2-epoxy-3-phenoxypropane
(PGE), and 2-bromo-2-(bromomethyl)glutaronitrile (MDBGN), were studied.
Plasma and red blood cell lysate were used as a source for HSA and
Hb, respectively. The Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay was used to
investigate adduct formation of MDBGN with nucleophilic moieties and
revealed that MDGBN is converted to 2-methylenepentanedinitrile in
the presence of sulfhydryl groups prior to adduct formation. Following
incubation of HSA and Hb with haptens, an Orbitrap Q Exactive high-resolution
mass spectrometer was used to perform an initial untargeted analysis
to screen for adduct formation, followed by confirmation by targeted
Parallel Reaction Monitoring analysis. Although a subset of adducted
sites was confirmed by targeted analysis, only some of the adducted
peptides showed an increase in the relative amount of the adducted
peptide with an increased concentration of hapten. In total, seven
adduct sites for HSA and eight for Hb were confirmed for DNCB and
PGE. These sites are believed to be the most reactive. Further, three
of the HSA sites (Cys34, Cys62, and Lys190) and six of the Hb sites (subunit α: Val1, His45, His72; subunit β: Cys93, His97, and Cys112) were haptenated already
at the lowest level of hapten to protein molar ratio (0.1:1), indicating
that these sites are the most likely to be modified in vivo. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the adductome
of Hb has been studied in the context of contact allergens. Identification
of the most reactive sites of abundant proteins, such as HSA and Hb,
is the first step toward identification of contact allergy biomarkers
that can be used for biomonitoring and to develop better diagnostic
tools based on a blood sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Ndreu
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luke N Erber
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Margareta Törnqvist
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalia Y Tretyakova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Isabella Karlsson
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Fujita M, Yamamoto Y, Watanabe S, Sugawara T, Wakabayashi K, Tahara Y, Horie N, Fujimoto K, Kusakari K, Kurokawa Y, Kawakami T, Kojima K, Kojima H, Ono A, Katsuoka Y, Tanabe H, Yokoyama H, Kasahara T. Cause of and countermeasures for oxidation of the cysteine-derived reagent used in the amino acid derivative reactivity assay. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 39:191-208. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Fujita
- Fujifilm Corporation, Safety Evaluation Centre; Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Fujifilm Corporation, Safety Evaluation Centre; Kanagawa Japan
| | - Shinichi Watanabe
- Lion Corporation, Human & Environmental Safety Evaluation Center; Kanagawa Japan
| | - Tsunetsugu Sugawara
- Lion Corporation, Human & Environmental Safety Evaluation Center; Kanagawa Japan
| | | | - Yu Tahara
- Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.; Chemical Safety Department; Chiba Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Horie
- Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.; Environmental Health Science Laboratory; Osaka Japan
| | - Keiichi Fujimoto
- Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.; Environmental Health Science Laboratory; Osaka Japan
| | - Kei Kusakari
- Nissan Chemical Corporation, Biological Research Laboratories; Saitama Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kurokawa
- Nissan Chemical Corporation, Biological Research Laboratories; Saitama Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawakami
- National Institute of Health Sciences; Division of Environmental Chemistry; Kanagawa Japan
| | - Kohichi Kojima
- Food and Drug Safety Center; Hatano Research Institute; Kanagawa Japan
| | - Hajime Kojima
- National Institute of Health Sciences; Biological Safety Research Center, Division of Risk Assessment; Kanagawa Japan
| | - Atsushi Ono
- Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama Japan
| | | | - Hideto Tanabe
- Fujifilm Corporation, Research & Development Management Headquarters; Analysis Technology Center; Kanagawa Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokoyama
- Fujifilm Corporation, Research & Development Management Headquarters; Analysis Technology Center; Kanagawa Japan
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaiz Rivera Vargas
- Centre de Recherche; INSERM U1231; Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie; Dijon France
- Faculté de Médecine; Université de Bourgogne Franche comté; Dijon France
| | - Lionel Apetoh
- Centre de Recherche; INSERM U1231; Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie; Dijon France
- Faculté de Médecine; Université de Bourgogne Franche comté; Dijon France
- Centre Georges François Leclerc; Dijon France
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7
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Casorati G, Dellabona P. Of self-lipids, CD1-restricted T cells, and contact sensitization. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:1119-1122. [PMID: 28691226 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) in rodents and contact dermatitis in humans are long-known pathological conditions caused by MHC-restricted T-cell responses. These responses are triggered upon T-cell recognition of neo-antigenic determinants, which are generated by a variety of environmental contact sensitizer (CS) chemicals associating with self-proteins to comprise these neo-antigens. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Betts et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2017. 47: 1171-1180] provide intriguing data implying that common small molecule CSs such as dinitrochlorobenzene can also recruit and activate autoreactive CD1-restricted T cells specific for cell-endogenous lipids, which are enriched in human skin. The effects of dinitrochlorobenzene on CD1 T-cell recruitment and function were dependent on newly synthesized CD1 molecules and the presence of endogenous lipids. These findings shed new light on unanticipated mechanisms that have potential clinical relevance on a common and highly distressing disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Casorati
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Dellabona
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
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8
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Manabe Y, Yoshimura M, Sakamaki K, Inoue A, Kakinoki A, Hokari S, Sakanaka M, Aoki J, Miyachi H, Furuta K, Tanaka S. 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and its derivatives act as secretagogues on rodent mast cells. Eur J Immunol 2016; 47:60-67. [PMID: 27748951 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that activated mast cells are involved in contact hypersensitivity, although the precise mechanisms of their activation are still not completely understood. We investigated the potential of common experimental allergens to induce mast cell activation using murine bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells and rat peritoneal mast cells. Among these allergens, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and 1-fluoro-2,4-dinirobenzene (DNFB) were found to induce degranulation of rat peritoneal mast cells. DNFB-induced degranulation is accompanied by cytosolic Ca2+ mobilization and is significantly inhibited by pertussis toxin, U73122 (a phospholipase C inhibitor), and BAPTA (a Ca2+ chelator), raising the possibility that DNFB acts on the G protein-coupled receptors and activates Gi , which induces activation of phospholipase C, as well as known mast cell secretagogues, such as compound 48/80. DNFB could induce mast cell degranulation in the absence of serum proteins and IgE. Structure-activity relationship analyses revealed an inverse correlation between the degree of degranulation and the electron density of the C1 carbon of the DNFB derivatives. These findings raise a possibility that DNFB functions as a potent contact allergen through induction of cutaneous mast cell degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Manabe
- Department of Immunobiology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Marie Yoshimura
- Department of Immunobiology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sakamaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Aya Kakinoki
- Department of Immunobiology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hokari
- Department of Immunobiology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mariko Sakanaka
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Koshien, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miyachi
- Lead Exploration Unit, Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Furuta
- Department of Immunobiology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Immunobiology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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9
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Yun J, Cai F, Lee FJ, Pichler WJ. T-cell-mediated drug hypersensitivity: immune mechanisms and their clinical relevance. Asia Pac Allergy 2016; 6:77-89. [PMID: 27141480 PMCID: PMC4850339 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2016.6.2.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell-mediated drug hypersensitivity represents a significant proportion of immune mediated drug hypersensitivity reactions. In the recent years, there has been an increase in understanding the immune mechanisms behind T-cell-mediated drug hypersensitivity. According to hapten mechanism, drug specific T-cell response is stimulated by drug-protein conjugate presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) as it is presented as a new antigenic determinant. On the other hand, p-i concept suggests that a drug can stimulate T cells via noncovalent direct interaction with T-cell receptor and/or peptide-MHC. The drug binding site is quite variable and this leads to several different mechanisms within p-i concept. Altered peptide repertoire can be regarded as an 'atypical' subset of p-i concept since the mode of the drug binding and the binding site are essentially identical to p-i concept. However, the intracellular binding of abacavir to HLA-B(*)57:01 additionally results in alteration in peptide repertoire. Furthermore the T-cell response to altered peptide repertoire model is only shown for abacavir and HLA-B(*)57:01 and therefore it may not be generalised to other drug hypersensitivity. Danger hypothesis has been postulated to play an important role in drug hypersensitivity by providing signal 2 but its experimental data is lacking at this point in time. Furthermore, the recently described allo-immune response suggests that danger signal may be unnecessary. Finally, in view of these new understanding, the classification and the definition of type B adverse drug reaction should be revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Yun
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Fenfen Cai
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Frederick J Lee
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
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10
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HONDA T, KABASHIMA K. Novel concept of iSALT (inducible skin-associated lymphoid tissue) in the elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2016; 92:20-28. [PMID: 26755397 PMCID: PMC4880547 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.92.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is one of the most common inflammatory skin diseases, which is classified as a delayed-type hypersensitivity immune response. The development of ACD is divided into two phases: sensitization and elicitation. In the sensitization phase, antigen-specific effector T cells are induced in the draining lymph nodes by antigen-captured cutaneous dendritic cells (DCs) that migrate from the skin. In the elicitation phase, the effector T cells are activated in the skin by antigen-captured cutaneous DCs and produce various chemical mediators, which create antigen-specific inflammation. In this review, we discuss the recent advancements in the immunological mechanisms of ACD, focusing on the mechanisms in the elicitation phase. The observations of elicitation of CHS lead to the emerging novel concept of iSALT (inducible skin-associated lymphoid tissue).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya HONDA
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji KABASHIMA
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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11
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Johansson H, Lindstedt M. Prediction of Skin Sensitizers using Alternative Methods to Animal Experimentation. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 115:110-7. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Malin Lindstedt
- Department of Immunotechnology; Lund University; Lund Sweden
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12
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Kaplan DH, Igyártó BZ, Gaspari AA. Early immune events in the induction of allergic contact dermatitis. Nat Rev Immunol 2012; 12:114-24. [PMID: 22240625 DOI: 10.1038/nri3150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The skin is a barrier site that is exposed to a wide variety of potential pathogens. As in other organs, pathogens that invade the skin are recognized by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). Recently, it has been recognized that PRRs are also engaged by chemical contact allergens and, in susceptible individuals, this elicits an inappropriate immune response that results in allergic contact dermatitis. In this Review, we focus on how contact allergens promote inflammation by activating the innate immune system. We also examine how innate immune cells in the skin, including mast cells and dendritic cells, cooperate with each other and with T cells and keratinocytes to initiate and drive early responses to contact allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, MBB 3-146, 2101 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, USA.
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13
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The LLNA: A Brief Review of Recent Advances and Limitations. J Allergy (Cairo) 2011; 2011:424203. [PMID: 21747867 PMCID: PMC3124934 DOI: 10.1155/2011/424203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis is the second most commonly reported occupational illness, accounting for 10% to 15% of all occupational diseases. This highlights the importance of developing rapid and sensitive methods for hazard identification of chemical sensitizers. The murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) was developed and validated for the identification of low molecular weight sensitizing chemicals. It provides several benefits over other tests for sensitization because it provides a quantitative endpoint, dose-responsive data, and allows for prediction of potency. However, there are also several concerns with this assay including: levels of false positive responses, variability due to vehicle, and predictivity. This report serves as a concise review which briefly summarizes the progress, advances and limitations of the assay over the last decade.
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14
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Landsteiner K, Chase MW. STUDIES ON THE SENSITIZATION OF ANIMALS WITH SIMPLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS : VI. EXPERIMENTS ON THE SENSITIZATION OF GUINEA PIGS TO POISON IVY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 69:767-84. [PMID: 19870876 PMCID: PMC2133766 DOI: 10.1084/jem.69.6.767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Experiments are described on the latency period in sensitization to poison ivy and on the time necessary for the agent to remain in contact with the skin. The chief matter of investigation concerned the manner in which the whole skin becomes sensitive following treatment at a particular site, and especially whether this is effected by way of the epidermis. Two methods were used to interrupt the continuity of the skin, one by cutting through both skin and the underlying thin muscular layer, the other by removing a strip of skin so as to spare the skin muscle. These procedures led to different results when poison ivy extract was applied to the areas thus isolated. In the first case, sensitization was mostly prevented, whereas with the second method generalized hypersensitiveness occurred almost uniformly. An explanation is to be found in the severance of the lymph vessels lying on the surface of the muscular layer, pointing to the necessity of a free lymph passage. On the other hand the experiments prove that general sensitization is not dependent upon maintaining the integrity of the skin around a treated area. An inhibition of sensitization by incisions extending through the panniculus carnosus was seen to some extent in anaphylactic sensitization with protein antigens, namely when sufficiently small amounts were employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Landsteiner
- Laboratories of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research
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Landsteiner K, Chase MW. STUDIES ON THE SENSITIZATION OF ANIMALS WITH SIMPLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS : IV. ANAPHYLAXIS INDUCED BY PICRYL CHLORIDE AND 2:4 DINITROCHLOROBENZENE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 66:337-51. [PMID: 19870667 PMCID: PMC2133614 DOI: 10.1084/jem.66.3.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that by the cutaneous administration of simple chemical compounds in small quantities—2:4:6 trinitrochlorobenzene (picryl chloride) and 2:4 dinitrochlorobenzene, the latter a typical incitant of contact dermatitis in man—it is possible to induce true anaphylactic sensitization in guinea pigs, demonstrable by the intravenous injection of protein conjugates and by the Dale technique, using isolated uterine horns. This furnishes strong evidence for the formation of antigenic conjugates following application of substances of simple chemical constitution. Since the anaphylactic state is induced by the same method of administration that gives rise to cutaneous sensitivity, the assumption would appear justified, when one takes into account the chemical properties of the inciting substances, that the formation of conjugated antigens offers an explanation for the skin effects also. In the experiments with picryl chloride, anaphylactic antibodies, and occasionally precipitins, have been demonstrated. The differences between the cutaneous and anaphylactic types of sensitivity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Landsteiner
- Laboratories of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research
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Landsteiner K, Chase MW. STUDIES ON THE SENSITIZATION OF ANIMALS WITH SIMPLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS : VII. SKIN SENSITIZATION BY INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTIONS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 71:237-45. [PMID: 19870959 PMCID: PMC2135072 DOI: 10.1084/jem.71.2.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A method has been described by which sensitization to a simple chemical, picryl chloride (2:4:6 trinitrochlorobenzene), can be satisfactorily attained by means of intraperitoneal injection of the compound when killed tubercle bacilli suspended in paraffin oil were used as adjuvant. Sensitivity of the contact dermatitis type results therefrom. It follows that although skin sensitization of this type is most easily obtained by dermal application this route of administration is no necessary condition for such sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Landsteiner
- Laboratories of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research
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LEVINE BB. Studies on the mechanism of the formation of the penicillin antigen. I. Delayed allergic cross-reactions among penicillin G and its degradation products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998; 112:1131-56. [PMID: 13761469 PMCID: PMC2137330 DOI: 10.1084/jem.112.6.1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Seven highly purified degradation products of penicillin G (PG) were examined with regard to their ability to cross-react allergically with PG. Guinea pig allergic contact dermatitis was employed as the test system. Three of these degradation products, D-benzylpenicillenic acid (BPE), D-penicillamine, and D-α-benzylpenicilloic acid were found to cross-react with PG and also to be capable of inducing delayed contact allergy in the guinea pig. BPE and PG cross-reacted with particularly intense reactions, and other immunologic experiments indicated that PG and BPE introduce identical allergic determinant groups into epidermal proteins. These experimental results were correlated with the results of previous studies concerning the degradation pathways of PG under physiological conditions in vitro, and the chemical reactivities of these degradation products. Based on these immunologic and chemical data, a schema is proposed which suggests the chemical pathways by which PG may react with epidermal proteins in vivo to form the penicillin antigen. The identity of the specific antigenic determinant groups of the penicillin antigen is suggested. The relationship between PG allergy of the contact dermatitis type in the guinea pig and PG allergy of the immediate type in man is discussed.
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Borek F, Stupp Y, Sela M. Immunogenicity and role of size: response of guinea pigs to oligotyrosine and tyrosine derivatives. Science 1965; 150:1177-8. [PMID: 5852973 DOI: 10.1126/science.150.3700.1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Guinea pigs injected with 100 micrograms of p-azobenzenearsonate derivatives of hexa-L-tyrosine, tri-L-tyrosine, or N-acetyl-L-tyrosine amide, in complete Freund's adjuvant, developed, after 10 to 19 days, delayed-type hypersensitivity to these substances. This was shown by skin reactions, followed by the formation of circulating antibodies that were detectable by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Experiments with p-azobenzenearsonate-hexa-L-tyrosine labeledwith iodine-131 showed that this substance was bound in vitro to proteins of normal guinea pig serum. Binding was similar with the nonantigenic hexa-L-tyrosine and its p-azobenzoate derivative.
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IRVING JT, MIGLIORE SA. Connective tissue responses to altered collagen and bone implants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1965; 117:151-8. [PMID: 14345831 DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001170110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Pathophysiologie und Klinik der Allergie. Langenbecks Arch Surg 1960. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01493581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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PEARL A. Experimenteller Beitrag zur Pathogenese der allergischen medikamentösen Agranulozytose und Thrombopenie. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1958; 4:86-97. [PMID: 13546219 DOI: 10.1007/bf01631935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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CHASE MW. The inheritance of susceptibility to drug allergy in guinea pigs. TRANSACTIONS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 1953; 15:79-82. [PMID: 13038979 DOI: 10.1111/j.2164-0947.1953.tb01310.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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RILLE IH. [Goethe's discovery of a new disease in the Tyrol]. ARCHIV FUR DERMATOLOGIE UND SYPHILIS 1950; 191:393-5. [PMID: 14790640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
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Graul EH. Die epidermale Sensibilisierung als physiologisch-chemisches Problem. Arch Dermatol Res 1949. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00362031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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JACOBSEN MALTHE. ON THE DEMONSTRATION OF COMPLEMENT-FIXING ANTIBODIES AGAINST SULPHON-AMIDES AND SANOCRYSIN EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS. Allergy 1948. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.1948.tb03346.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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PREBBLE EE. Arsenical encephalopathy; a review of the literature with a report of a further 187 cases. Sex Transm Infect 1946; 22:139-49. [PMID: 20279608 DOI: 10.1136/sti.22.4.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Frei W, Sulzberger MB. Further Studies in Arsphenamine Hypersensitiveness in Guinea Pigs. J Invest Dermatol 1938. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.1938.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Russell DS. Changes in the central nervous system following arsphenamine medication. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1937. [DOI: 10.1002/path.1700450206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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