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Virtanen V, Paunu K, Niva S, Sundvall M, Paatero I. Effect of caldesmon mutations in the development of zebrafish embryos. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 669:10-18. [PMID: 37262948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a profound medical concern and better treatments are needed for cancer patients. Therefore, new cancer targets are constantly being studied. These targets need not only be relevant for cancer progression, but their modulation needs to be tolerated reasonably well by the host. Caldesmon is one of these proposed novel targets for cancer therapy. Therefore, we analyzed effects of caldesmon mutations in normal development using genetically modified zebrafish embryos. We analyzed mutations in both zebrafish caldesmon genes, cald1a and cald1b and analyzed effects of either mutation alone or as in combination in double homozygous embryos using molecular, morphological and functional analyses. The effects of caldesmon mutations were mild and the gross development of zebrafish embryos was normal. The caldesmon mutant embryos had, however, alterations in response to light-stimulus in behavioural assays. Taken together, the effects of caldesmon mutations in the development of zebrafish embryos were reasonably well tolerated and did not indicate significant concerns for caldesmon being a potential target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verneri Virtanen
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Kreetta Paunu
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Saana Niva
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Sundvall
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland; Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, PL52, 20521, Turku, Finland.
| | - Ilkka Paatero
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520, Turku, Finland.
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Virtanen V, Paunu K, Kukkula A, Niva S, Junila Y, Toriseva M, Jokilehto T, Mäkelä S, Huhtaniemi R, Poutanen M, Paatero I, Sundvall M. Glucocorticoid receptor-induced non-muscle caldesmon regulates metastasis in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Oncogenesis 2023; 12:42. [PMID: 37573448 PMCID: PMC10423232 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-023-00485-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lethal prostate cancer (PCa) is characterized by the presence of metastases and development of resistance to therapies. Metastases form in a multi-step process enabled by dynamic cytoskeleton remodeling. An actin cytoskeleton regulating gene, CALD1, encodes a protein caldesmon (CaD). Its isoform, low-molecular-weight CaD (l-CaD), operates in non-muscle cells, supporting the function of filaments involved in force production and mechanosensing. Several factors, including glucocorticoid receptor (GR), have been identified as regulators of l-CaD in different cell types, but the regulation of l-CaD in PCa has not been defined. PCa develops resistance in response to therapeutic inhibition of androgen signaling by multiple strategies. Known strategies include androgen receptor (AR) alterations, modified steroid synthesis, and bypassing AR signaling, for example, by GR upregulation. Here, we report that in vitro downregulation of l-CaD promotes epithelial phenotype and reduces spheroid growth in 3D, which is reflected in vivo in reduced formation of metastases in zebrafish PCa xenografts. In accordance, CALD1 mRNA expression correlates with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcripts in PCa patients. We also show that CALD1 is highly co-expressed with GR in multiple PCa data sets, and GR activation upregulates l-CaD in vitro. Moreover, GR upregulation associates with increased l-CaD expression after the development of resistance to antiandrogen therapy in PCa xenograft mouse models. In summary, GR-regulated l-CaD plays a role in forming PCa metastases, being clinically relevant when antiandrogen resistance is attained by the means of bypassing AR signaling by GR upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verneri Virtanen
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Kreetta Paunu
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Kukkula
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Saana Niva
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Ylva Junila
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Mervi Toriseva
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Terhi Jokilehto
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Sari Mäkelä
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Riikka Huhtaniemi
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka Paatero
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Sundvall
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, PL52, 20521, Turku, Finland.
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Lubomirov LT, Schroeter MM, Hasse V, Frohn M, Metzler D, Bust M, Pryymachuk G, Hescheler J, Grisk O, Chalovich JM, Smyth NR, Pfitzer G, Papadopoulos S. Dual thick and thin filament linked regulation of stretch- and L-NAME-induced tone in young and senescent murine basilar artery. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1099278. [PMID: 37057180 PMCID: PMC10088910 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1099278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Stretch-induced vascular tone is an important element of autoregulatory adaptation of cerebral vasculature to maintain cerebral flow constant despite changes in perfusion pressure. Little is known as to the regulation of tone in senescent basilar arteries. We tested the hypothesis, that thin filament mechanisms in addition to smooth muscle myosin-II regulatory-light-chain-(MLC20)-phosphorylation and non-muscle-myosin-II, contribute to regulation of stretch-induced tone. In young BAs (y-BAs) mechanical stretch does not lead to spontaneous tone generation. Stretch-induced tone in y-BAs appeared only after inhibition of NO-release by L-NAME and was fully prevented by treatment with 3 μmol/L RhoA-kinase (ROK) inhibitor Y27632. L-NAME-induced tone was reduced in y-BAs from heterozygous mice carrying a point mutation of the targeting-subunit of the myosin phosphatase, MYPT1 at threonine696 (MYPT1-T696A/+). In y-BAs, MYPT1-T696A-mutation also blunted the ability of L-NAME to increase MLC20-phosphorylation. In contrast, senescent BAs (s-BAs; >24 months) developed stable spontaneous stretch-induced tone and pharmacological inhibition of NO-release by L-NAME led to an additive effect. In s-BAs the MYPT1-T696A mutation also blunted MLC20-phosphorylation, but did not prevent development of stretch-induced tone. In s-BAs from both lines, Y27632 completely abolished stretch- and L-NAME-induced tone. In s-BAs phosphorylation of non-muscle-myosin-S1943 and PAK1-T423, shown to be down-stream effectors of ROK was also reduced by Y27632 treatment. Stretch- and L-NAME tone were inhibited by inhibition of non-muscle myosin (NM-myosin) by blebbistatin. We also tested whether the substrate of PAK1 the thin-filament associated protein, caldesmon is involved in the regulation of stretch-induced tone in advanced age. BAs obtained from heterozygotes Cald1+/− mice generated stretch-induced tone already at an age of 20–21 months old BAs (o-BA). The magnitude of stretch-induced tone in Cald1+/− o-BAs was similar to that in s-BA. In addition, truncation of caldesmon myosin binding Exon2 (CaD-▵Ex2−/−) did not accelerate stretch-induced tone. Our study indicates that in senescent cerebral vessels, mechanisms distinct from MLC20 phosphorylation contribute to regulation of tone in the absence of a contractile agonist. While in y-and o-BA the canonical pathways, i.e., inhibition of MLCP by ROK and increase in pMLC20, predominate, tone regulation in senescence involves ROK regulated mechanisms, involving non-muscle-myosin and thin filament linked mechanisms involving caldesmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubomir T. Lubomirov
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Physiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
- Research Cluster, Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Diseases, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Lubomir T. Lubomirov,
| | - Mechthild M. Schroeter
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Veronika Hasse
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marina Frohn
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Doris Metzler
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Bust
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Galyna Pryymachuk
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Olaf Grisk
- Institute of Physiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
- Research Cluster, Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Diseases, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Joseph M. Chalovich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Neil R. Smyth
- Biological Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Pfitzer
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Symeon Papadopoulos
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Paltsev MA, Markelova AY, Mironova ES, Novak-Bobarykina UA, Zubareva TS, Khop DN, Kvetnoy IM. [Caldesmon and tumor growth: prospects for optimizing diagnosis and targeted therapy]. Arkh Patol 2023; 85:53-59. [PMID: 37053355 DOI: 10.17116/patol20238502153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Tumor invasion plays a key role in the progression of tumors. This process is regulated by the interactions of cells and tissues, in which physical, cellular and molecular determinants undergo changes throughout the entire period of progression of tumor growth. Tumor invasion is triggered and maintained by specialized signal cascades that control the dynamic state of the cytoskeleton in tumor cells, the processes of rearrangement of cell-matrix and intercellular connections, followed by cell migration to neighboring tissues. Studying the mechanisms of regulation of cell motor activity and determining its main regulators is an important task for understanding the pathophysiology of tumor growth. Caldesmon is an actin, myosin and calmodulin binding protein. It is involved in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction by inhibiting actin and myosin binding, in the formation of actin stress fibers, and in the transport of intracellular granules. Currently, caldesmon is considered as a potential biomarker of tumor cell invasion, migration, and metastasis. The study of signaling molecules involved in tumor progression, such as caldesmon, is necessary to predict response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This review highlights the main functions of caldesmon and analyzes its role in oncological pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Paltsev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Yu Markelova
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E S Mironova
- St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, St. Petersburg, Russia
- St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - T S Zubareva
- St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, St. Petersburg, Russia
- St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D N Khop
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - I M Kvetnoy
- St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, St. Petersburg, Russia
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Kokate SB, Ciuba K, Tran VD, Kumari R, Tojkander S, Engel U, Kogan K, Kumar S, Lappalainen P. Caldesmon controls stress fiber force-balance through dynamic cross-linking of myosin II and actin-tropomyosin filaments. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6032. [PMID: 36229430 PMCID: PMC9561149 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33688-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Contractile actomyosin bundles are key force-producing and mechanosensing elements in muscle and non-muscle tissues. Whereas the organization of muscle myofibrils and mechanism regulating their contractility are relatively well-established, the principles by which myosin-II activity and force-balance are regulated in non-muscle cells have remained elusive. We show that Caldesmon, an important component of smooth muscle and non-muscle cell actomyosin bundles, is an elongated protein that functions as a dynamic cross-linker between myosin-II and tropomyosin-actin filaments. Depletion of Caldesmon results in aberrant lateral movement of myosin-II filaments along actin bundles, leading to irregular myosin distribution within stress fibers. This manifests as defects in stress fiber network organization and contractility, and accompanied problems in cell morphogenesis, migration, invasion, and mechanosensing. These results identify Caldesmon as critical factor that ensures regular myosin-II spacing within non-muscle cell actomyosin bundles, and reveal how stress fiber networks are controlled through dynamic cross-linking of tropomyosin-actin and myosin filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant B Kokate
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katarzyna Ciuba
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Vivien D Tran
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Reena Kumari
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Tojkander
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Kauppi Campus, Arvo Building, E318, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ulrike Engel
- Nikon Imaging Center at Heidelberg University and Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Konstantin Kogan
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Pekka Lappalainen
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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Cremo C, Moss RL, Granzier H. Further progress in understanding of myofibrillar function in health and disease. J Gen Physiol 2021; 153:212438. [PMID: 34170286 PMCID: PMC8238634 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202112972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Cremo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV
| | - Richard L Moss
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Henk Granzier
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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