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Hood ME, Antonovics J, Wolf M, Stern ZL, Giraud T, Abbate JL. Sympatry and interference of divergent Microbotryum pathogen species. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:5457-5467. [PMID: 31110694 PMCID: PMC6509394 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of infectious diseases in natural ecosystems is strongly influenced by the degree of pathogen specialization and by the local assemblies of potential host species. This study investigated anther-smut disease, caused by fungi in the genus Microbotryum, among natural populations of plants in the Caryophyllaceae. A broad geographic survey focused on sites of the disease on multiple host species in sympatry. Analysis of molecular identities for the pathogens revealed that sympatric disease was most often due to co-occurrence of distinct, host-specific anther-smut fungi, rather than localized cross-species disease transmission. Flowers from sympatric populations showed that the Microbotryum spores were frequently moved between host species. Experimental inoculations to simulate cross-species exposure to the pathogens in these plant communities showed that the anther-smut pathogen was less able to cause disease on its regular host when following exposure of the plants to incompatible pathogens from another host species. These results indicate that multi-host/multi-pathogen communities are common in this system and they involve a previously hidden mechanism of interference between Microbotryum fungi, which likely affects both pathogen and host distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janis Antonovics
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginia
| | - Monroe Wolf
- Department of BiologyAmherst CollegeAmherstMassachusetts
| | | | - Tatiana Giraud
- Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, Univ. Paris‐Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTechUniversité Paris SaclayOrsayFrance
| | - Jessica L. Abbate
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginia
- INRA ‐ UMR 1062 CBGP (INRA, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro)Montferrier‐sur‐LezFrance
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2
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Tang H, Hood ME, Ren Z, Li H, Zhao Y, Wolfe LM, Li D, Wang H. Specificity and seasonal prevalence of anther smut disease
Microbotryum
on sympatric Himalayan
Silene
species. J Evol Biol 2019; 32:451-462. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan China
- Kunming College of Life ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan China
| | | | - Zong‐Xin Ren
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan China
| | - Hai‐Dong Li
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan China
| | - Yan‐Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan China
| | - Lorne M. Wolfe
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan China
| | - De‐Zhu Li
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan China
- Kunming College of Life ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild SpeciesKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan China
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3
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Walker DM, Castlebury LA, Rossman AY, Struwe L. Host conservatism or host specialization? Patterns of fungal diversification are influenced by host plant specificity inOphiognomonia(Gnomoniaceae: Diaporthales). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donald M. Walker
- Department of Natural Sciences; The University of Findlay; 1000 North Main Street Findlay OH 45840 USA
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology; Rutgers University; 59 Dudley Road New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA
| | - Lisa A. Castlebury
- Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory; USDA Agricultural Research Service; 10300 Baltimore Avenue Beltsville MD 20705 USA
| | - Amy Y. Rossman
- Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory; USDA Agricultural Research Service; 10300 Baltimore Avenue Beltsville MD 20705 USA
| | - Lena Struwe
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology; Rutgers University; 59 Dudley Road New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources; Rutgers University; 14 College Farm Road New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA
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4
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Karapetyan AR, Gladieux P, Zakharov IA. Genetic polymorphism of Microbotryum violaceum s. l. Isolates collected from different plant species on the territory of Russia. RUSS J GENET+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795410110165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Hidden diversity in the non‐caryophyllaceous plant‐parasitic members ofMicrobotryum(Pucciniomycotina: Microbotryales). SYST BIODIVERS 2009. [DOI: 10.1017/s1477200009990028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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6
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Barrett LG, Kniskern JM, Bodenhausen N, Zhang W, Bergelson J. Continua of specificity and virulence in plant host-pathogen interactions: causes and consequences. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2009; 183:513-529. [PMID: 19563451 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02927.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ecological, evolutionary and molecular models of interactions between plant hosts and microbial pathogens are largely based around a concept of tightly coupled interactions between species pairs. However, highly pathogenic and obligate associations between host and pathogen species represent only a fraction of the diversity encountered in natural and managed systems. Instead, many pathogens can infect a wide range of hosts, and most hosts are exposed to more than one pathogen species, often simultaneously. Furthermore, outcomes of pathogen infection vary widely because host plants vary in resistance and tolerance to infection, while pathogens are also variable in their ability to grow on or within hosts. Environmental heterogeneity further increases the potential for variation in plant host-pathogen interactions by influencing the degree and fitness consequences of infection. Here, we describe these continua of specificity and virulence inherent within plant host-pathogen interactions. Using this framework, we describe and contrast the genetic and environmental mechanisms that underlie this variation, outline consequences for epidemiology and community structure, explore likely ecological and evolutionary drivers, and highlight several key areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke G Barrett
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 1101 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Joel M Kniskern
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 1101 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Natacha Bodenhausen
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 1101 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 1101 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Joy Bergelson
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 1101 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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7
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De Vienne DM, Refrégier G, Hood ME, Guigue A, Devier B, Vercken E, Smadja C, Deseille A, Giraud T. Hybrid sterility and inviability in the parasitic fungal species complex Microbotryum. J Evol Biol 2009; 22:683-98. [PMID: 19228274 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01702.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microbotryum violaceum, the anther-smut fungus, forms a complex of sibling species which specialize on different plants. Previous studies have shown the presence of partial ecological isolation and F1 inviability, but did not detect assortative mating apart from a high selfing rate. We investigated other post-mating barriers and show that F1 hybrid sterility, the inability of gametes to mate, increased gradually with the increasing genetic distance between the parents. F2 hybrids showed a reduced ability to infect the plants that was also correlated with the genetic distance. The host on which the F2 hybrids were passaged caused a selection for alleles derived from the pathogen species originally isolated from that host, but this effect was not detectable for the most closely related species. The post-mating barriers thus remain weak among the closest species pairs, suggesting that premating barriers are sufficient to initiate divergence in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M De Vienne
- Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay Cedex, France
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SLOAN DB, GIRAUD T, HOOD ME. Maximized virulence in a sterilizing pathogen: the anther-smut fungus and its co-evolved hosts. J Evol Biol 2008; 21:1544-54. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01604.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Douhan GW, Smith ME, Huyrn KL, Westbrook A, Beerli P, Fisher AJ. Multigene analysis suggests ecological speciation in the fungal pathogen Claviceps purpurea. Mol Ecol 2008; 17:2276-86. [PMID: 18373531 PMCID: PMC2443689 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03753.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Claviceps purpurea is an important pathogen of grasses and source of novel chemical compounds. Three groups within this species (G1, G2 and G3) have been recognized based on habitat association, sclerotia and conidia morphology, as well as alkaloid production. These groups have further been supported by Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, suggesting this species may be more accurately described as a species complex. However, all divergent ecotypes can coexist in sympatric populations with no obvious physical barriers to prevent gene flow. In this study, we used both phylogenetic and population genetic analyses to test for speciation within C. purpurea using DNA sequences from ITS, a RAS-like locus, and a portion of beta-tubulin. The G1 types are significantly divergent from the G2/G3 types based on each of the three loci and the combined dataset, whereas the G2/G3 types are more integrated with one another. Although the G2 and G3 lineages have not diverged as much as the G1 lineage based on DNA sequence data, the use of three DNA loci does reliably separate the G2 and G3 lineages. However, the population genetic analyses strongly suggest little to no gene flow occurring between the different ecotypes, and we argue that this process is driven by adaptations to ecological habitats; G1 isolates are associated with terrestrial grasses, G2 isolates are found in wet and shady environments, and G3 isolates are found in salt marsh habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Douhan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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10
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Refrégier G, Le Gac M, Jabbour F, Widmer A, Shykoff JA, Yockteng R, Hood ME, Giraud T. Cophylogeny of the anther smut fungi and their caryophyllaceous hosts: prevalence of host shifts and importance of delimiting parasite species for inferring cospeciation. BMC Evol Biol 2008; 8:100. [PMID: 18371215 PMCID: PMC2324105 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-8-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using phylogenetic approaches, the expectation that parallel cladogenesis should occur between parasites and hosts has been validated in some studies, but most others provided evidence for frequent host shifts. Here we examine the evolutionary history of the association between Microbotryum fungi that cause anther smut disease and their Caryophyllaceous hosts. We investigated the congruence between host and parasite phylogenies, inferred cospeciation events and host shifts, and assessed whether geography or plant ecology could have facilitated the putative host shifts identified. For cophylogeny analyses on microorganisms, parasite strains isolated from different host species are generally considered to represent independent evolutionary lineages, often without checking whether some strains actually belong to the same generalist species. Such an approach may mistake intraspecific nodes for speciation events and thus bias the results of cophylogeny analyses if generalist species are found on closely related hosts. A second aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the impact of species delimitation on the inferences of cospeciation. RESULTS We inferred a multiple gene phylogeny of anther smut strains from 21 host plants from several geographic origins, complementing a previous study on the delimitation of fungal species and their host specificities. We also inferred a multi-gene phylogeny of their host plants, and the two phylogenies were compared. A significant level of cospeciation was found when each host species was considered to harbour a specific parasite strain, i.e. when generalist parasite species were not recognized as such. This approach overestimated the frequency of cocladogenesis because individual parasite species capable of infecting multiple host species (i.e. generalists) were found on closely related hosts. When generalist parasite species were appropriately delimited and only a single representative of each species was retained, cospeciation events were not more frequent than expected under a random distribution, and many host shifts were inferred.Current geographic distributions of host species seemed to be of little relevance for understanding the putative historical host shifts, because most fungal species had overlapping geographic ranges. We did detect some ecological similarities, including shared pollinators and habitat types, between host species that were diseased by closely related anther smut species. Overall, genetic similarity underlying the host-parasite interactions appeared to have the most important influence on specialization and host-shifts: generalist multi-host parasite species were found on closely related plant species, and related species in the Microbotryum phylogeny were associated with members of the same host clade. CONCLUSION We showed here that Microbotryum species have evolved through frequent host shifts to moderately distant hosts, and we show further that accurate delimitation of parasite species is essential for interpreting cophylogeny studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guislaine Refrégier
- Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, Bâtiment 360, Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France ; CNRS F-91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Mickaël Le Gac
- Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, Bâtiment 360, Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France ; CNRS F-91405 Orsay cedex, France
- Department of Zoology, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Florian Jabbour
- Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, Bâtiment 360, Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France ; CNRS F-91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Alex Widmer
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Integrative Biology, Plant Ecological Genetics, Universitätstr. 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jacqui A Shykoff
- Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, Bâtiment 360, Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France ; CNRS F-91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Roxana Yockteng
- Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, Bâtiment 360, Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France ; CNRS F-91405 Orsay cedex, France
- MNHN UMR 5202, Unité Origine, structure et évolution de la biodiversité, Département Systématique et Evolution, 16 rue Buffon CP 39 75005, France
| | - Michael E Hood
- Department of Biology, McGuire Life Sciences Building, Amherst College, Rts 9 & 116, Amherst, MA 01002-5000, USA
| | - Tatiana Giraud
- Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, Bâtiment 360, Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France ; CNRS F-91405 Orsay cedex, France
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11
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Mating system of the anther smut fungus Microbotryum violaceum: selfing under heterothallism. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2008; 7:765-75. [PMID: 18281603 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00440-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Carlsson-Granér U. Disease dynamics, host specificity and pathogen persistence in isolated host populations. OIKOS 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2006.13292.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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López-Villavicencio M, Enjalbert J, Hood ME, Shykoff JA, Raquin C, Giraud T. The anther smut disease on Gypsophila repens: a case of parasite sub-optimal performance following a recent host shift? J Evol Biol 2005; 18:1293-303. [PMID: 16135124 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00924.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The study of how parasites adapt to new hosts is of great importance for understanding the emergence of new diseases. Here, we report a study of the anther smut disease on Gypsophila repens (Caryophyllaceae). In contrast to what is usually found on other host species, infected natural populations of G. repens are extremely rare. Moreover, symptoms of diseased plants are incomplete and highly variable over the time. These results suggest that the fungus infecting G. repens is a case of a parasite not capable of exploiting its host optimally. Molecular analyses of Microbotryum violaceum strains infecting this and other Caryophyllaceae revealed that this sub-optimal behaviour probably resulted from a recent host shift from the morphologically similar plant Petrorhagia saxifraga. With its exceptionally low virulence and prevalence, but apparent self-sustainability, the disease on G. repens may thus represent an interesting case study for investigating the conditions leading to adaptation of parasites on new hosts.
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van Putten WF, Biere A, van Damme JMM. Host-related genetic differentiation in the anther smut fungus Microbotryum violaceum in sympatric, parapatric and allopatric populations of two host species Silene latifolia and S. dioica. J Evol Biol 2005; 18:203-12. [PMID: 15669977 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00771.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated genetic diversity in West European populations of the fungal pathogen Microbotryum violaceum in sympatric, parapatric and allopatric populations of the host species Silene latifolia and S. dioica, using four polymorphic microsatellite loci. In allopatric host populations, the fungus was highly differentiated by host species, exhibiting high values of F(ST) and R(ST), and revealed clear and distinct host races. In sympatric and parapatric populations we found significant population differentiation as well, except for one sympatric population in which the two host species grew truly intermingled. The mean number of alleles per locus for isolates from each of the host species was significantly higher in sympatric/parapatric than in allopatric populations. This suggests that either gene flow between host races in sympatry, or in case of less neutral loci, selection in a more heterogeneous host environment can increase the level of genetic variation in each of the demes. The observed pattern of host-related genetic differentiation among these geographically spread populations suggest a long-term divergence between these host races. In sympatric host populations, both host races presumably come in secondary contact, and host-specific alleles are exchanged depending on the amount of fungal gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- W F van Putten
- Department of Plant Population Biology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, NIOO-KNAW, NL-6666 ZG Heteren, The Netherlands.
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15
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Abstract
The concept of plant venereal disease is examined from definitional, operational and axiomatic viewpoints. The transmission of many plant pathogens occurs during the flowering phase and is effected either by pollinators or by wind dispersal of spores from inflorescences. Attraction of insects by pseudo-flowers or sugary secretions also serves to spread many diseases. Given the diversity of processes involved, a simple all-encompassing parallel with animal venereal diseases is not possible. Operationally establishing the routes of disease transmission, as well as quantifying the relative magnitudes of these different routes, remains critical for understanding disease dynamics and controlling spread in agricultural contexts. From an axiomatic viewpoint, sexually transmitted diseases are characterized by frequency-dependent transmission, transmission in the adult stage, and by virulence effects involving sterility rather than mortality. These characteristics serve to differentiate the dynamics and evolution of sexually transmitted diseases from that of other diseases and are features that are also shared by many pollinator-transmitted diseases. However, the majority of plant diseases that involve the reproductive structures show a rich biology that defies easy categorization. The experimental convenience of plants and their pathogens is likely to play an important role in understanding the evolution of disease traits, irrespective of what descriptive terms are applied to the natural history of the transmission process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis Antonovics
- Biology Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
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16
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Giraud T. Patterns of within population dispersal and mating of the fungus Microbotryum violaceum parasitising the plant Silene latifolia. Heredity (Edinb) 2004; 93:559-65. [PMID: 15292913 DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores the patterns of dispersal and mating of the anther smut Microbotryum violaceum, a model species in genetics and evolutionary biology. A French metapopulation of the fungus collected from its caryophyllaceous host Silene latifolia was analysed using microsatellites. The genetic diversity was low, populations were strongly differentiated, and there was no pattern of isolation by distance among populations. There was a strong deficit in heterozygotes, confirming the high self-fertilisation rates suggested by previous studies. Within populations there was a strong pattern of isolation by distance, with identical genotypes being highly clustered. This indicates that fungal spores are dispersed mostly between adjacent plants, and such local dispersal is important for understanding the dynamics and evolution of this disease. Local clusters of identical heterozygous genotypes did not contain significantly fewer individuals than did clusters of homozygous genotypes. As selfing between products of independent meiotic events (intertetrad selfing) rapidly reduces heterozygosity, this suggests that intratetrad matings are frequent, which helps to explain the puzzling maintenance of a sex-ratio distortion in M. violaceum.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Giraud
- Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, UMR 8079 CNRS-UPS, Bâtiment 360, Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France.
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17
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Putten WF, Biere A, Damme JMM. INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION AND MATING BETWEEN FUNGAL STRAINS OF THE ANTHER SMUT MICROBOTRYUM VIOLACEUM FROM THE HOST PLANTS SILENE LATIFOLIA AND S. DIOICA. Evolution 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb00288.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Van Putten WF, Biere A, Van Damme JMM. INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION AND MATING BETWEEN FUNGAL STRAINS OF THE ANTHER SMUT MICROBOTRYUM VIOLACEUM FROM THE HOST PLANTS SILENE LATIFOLIA AND S. DIOICA. Evolution 2003. [DOI: 10.1554/0014-3820(2003)057[0766:icambf]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Giraud T, Fournier E, Vautrin D, Solignac M, Shykoff JA. Isolation of 44 polymorphic microsatellite loci in three host races of the phytopathogenic fungus Microbotryum violaceum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-8286.2002.00172.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Freeman AB, Duong KK, Shi TL, Hughes CF, Perlin MH. Isolates of Microbotryum violaceum from North American host species are phylogenetically distinct from their European host-derived counterparts. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2002; 23:158-70. [PMID: 12069548 DOI: 10.1016/s1055-7903(02)00003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microbotryum violaceum is a basidiomycete that infects the anthers of its Caryophyllaceae host species. Individual fungal isolates are host limited, though they are not morphologically distinct. This study used variable regions of the highly conserved gamma-tubulin, beta-tubulin, and ribosomal RNA-encoding genes to determine the relationships among M. violaceum fungal isolates from different host species and different geographical locations. Phylogenetic trees from intron nucleotide sequences in two protein-coding genes were compared to trees produced from internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of rDNA. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that there are two clades, one from North America and one from Europe. Isolates from both clades grouped according to host species, although in some analyses isolates from closely related host species were placed together. These results are consistent with the view that M. violaceum has experienced cospeciation with its hosts.
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MESH Headings
- Basidiomycota/genetics
- Basidiomycota/growth & development
- Cell Nucleus/genetics
- DNA, Fungal/chemistry
- DNA, Fungal/genetics
- DNA, Plant/chemistry
- DNA, Plant/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics
- Europe
- Molecular Sequence Data
- North America
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Silene/classification
- Silene/genetics
- Silene/microbiology
- Tubulin/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela B Freeman
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Belknap-LS139, Louisville, KY 40208, USA
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21
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Abstract
Nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) ITS sequences and partial sequences of three non-coding chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) introns and spacers were used to assess genetic variation within and among three presumed host races of the hemi-parasite Viscum album L. Currently, identification of host races occurs via the host trees, and morphological differences are minute at best. cpDNA and nrDNA ITS sequences revealed little sequence variation, but the variation found consistently supported the distinction of three host races. cpDNA and ITS sequences were not incongruent, as assessed by the incongruence length difference test. A combined analysis supported the sister group relationship between mistletoes from deciduous trees and fir.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zuber
- Geobotanisches Institut ETH, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Bucheli, Gautschi, Shykoff. Host-specific differentiation in the anther smut fungus Microbotryum violaceum as revealed by microsatellites. J Evol Biol 2000. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2000.00160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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