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Orimo K, Mitsui J, Matsukawa T, Tanaka M, Nomoto J, Ishiura H, Omae Y, Kawai Y, Tokunaga K, Toda T, Tsuji S. Association study of GBA1 variants with MSA based on comprehensive sequence analysis -Pitfalls in short-read sequence analysis depending on the human reference genome. J Hum Genet 2024:10.1038/s10038-024-01266-1. [PMID: 39020124 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-024-01266-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by various combinations of autonomic failure, parkinsonism, and cerebellar ataxia. To elucidate variants associated with MSA, we have been conducting short-read-based whole-genome sequence analysis. In the process of the association studies, we initially focused on GBA1, a previously proposed susceptibility gene for MSA, to evaluate whether GBA1 variants can be efficiently identified despite its extraordinarily high homology with its pseudogene, GBA1LP. To accomplish this, we conducted a short-read whole-genome sequence analysis with alignment to GRCh38 as well as Sanger sequence analysis and compared the results. We identified five variants with inconsistencies between the two pipelines, of which three variants (p.L483P, p.A495P-p.V499V, p.L483_M489delinsW) were the results of misalignment due to minor alleles in GBA1P1 registered in GRCh38. The miscalling events in these variants were resolved by alignment to GRCh37 as the reference genome, where the major alleles are registered. In addition, a structural variant was not properly identified either by short-read or by Sanger sequence analyses. Having accomplished correct variant calling, we identified three variants pathogenic for Gaucher disease (p.S310G, p.L483P, and p.L483_M489delinsW). Of these variants, the allele frequency of p.L483P (0.003) in the MSA cases was higher than that (0.0011) in controls. The meta-analysis incorporating a previous report demonstrated a significant association of p.L483P with MSA with an odds ratio of 2.92 (95% CI; 1.08 - 7.90, p = 0.0353).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Orimo
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Jun Mitsui
- Department of Precision Medicine Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsukawa
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masaki Tanaka
- Institute of Medical Genomics, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3, Kozunomori, Narita-shi, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Junko Nomoto
- Institute of Medical Genomics, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3, Kozunomori, Narita-shi, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishiura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yosuke Omae
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kawai
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Katsushi Tokunaga
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
- Institute of Medical Genomics, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3, Kozunomori, Narita-shi, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan.
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Sako S, Oishi K, Ida H, Imagawa E. Allele frequency of pathogenic variants causing acid sphingomyelinase deficiency and Gaucher disease in the general Japanese population. Hum Genome Var 2024; 11:24. [PMID: 38866761 PMCID: PMC11169237 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-024-00282-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) and Gaucher disease (GD) are lysosomal storage disorders associated with hepatosplenomegaly and thrombocytopenia. The incidences of ASMD and GD are known to be particularly high in the Ashkenazi Jewish population. Conversely, the number of reported patients with these diseases has been limited in Asian countries, including Japan. Here, we reviewed the allele frequencies of pathogenic variants causing ASMD and GD in the Japanese population and populations with various ancestry backgrounds using the Japanese Multi-Omics Reference Panel 54KJPN and the Genome Aggregation Database v4.0.0. The estimated carrier frequencies of ASMD- and GD-related variants were 1/180 and 1/154 in Japanese individuals, equivalent to disease occurrence frequencies of 1/128,191 and 1/94,791 individuals, respectively. These frequencies are much higher than previously expected. Our data also suggest that there are more patients with a milder form of ASMD and nonspecific clinical findings who have not yet been diagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Sako
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Oishi
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ida
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Imagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Tayebi N, Lichtenberg J, Hertz E, Sidransky E. Is Gauchian genotyping of GBA1 variants reliable? MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.10.26.23297627. [PMID: 37986861 PMCID: PMC10659459 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.26.23297627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Biallelic mutations in GBA1 result in Gaucher disease (GD), the inherited deficiency of glucocerebrosidase. Variants in GBA1 are also a common genetic risk factor for Parkinson disease (PD). Currently, some PD centers screen for mutant GBA1 alleles to stratify patients who may ultimately benefit from GBA1-targeted therapeutics. However, accurately detecting variants, especially recombinant alleles resulting from a crossover between GBA1 and its pseudogene, is challenging, impacting studies of both GD and GBA1-associated parkinsonism. Recently, the software tool Gauchian was introduced to identify GBA1 variants from whole genome sequencing. We evaluated Gauchian in 90 Sanger-sequenced patients with GD and five GBA1 heterozygotes. While Gauchian genotyped most patients correctly, it missed some rare or de novo mutations due to its limited internal database and over-reliance on intergenic structural variants. This resulted in misreported homozygosity, incomplete genotypes, and undetected recombination events, limiting Gauchian's utility in variant screening and precluding its use in diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Tayebi
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
| | - Jens Lichtenberg
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
| | - Ellen Hertz
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
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Chida R, Shimura M, Ishida Y, Suganami Y, Yamanaka G. Perinatal lethal Gaucher disease: A case report and review of literature. Brain Dev 2023; 45:134-139. [PMID: 36220738 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal lethal Gaucher disease is a very rare variant of type 2 Gaucher disease that occurs in the neonatal period and leads to death in early infancy. The disease is characterized by hydrops fetalis or a collodion baby phenotype accompanied with progressive neurological manifestations, hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, anemia, and failure to thrive. We report a case of perinatal lethal Gaucher disease treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) who survived for 9 months and present a literature review of perinatal lethal Gaucher disease cases. The prognosis of perinatal lethal Gaucher disease is poor, and ERT is only effective in visceral manifestation. Therefore, palliative care should be recognized as a treatment option, and ERT employment needs to be discussed in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Chida
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
| | - Masaru Shimura
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yu Ishida
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suganami
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Gaku Yamanaka
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
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Lu TJ, Hsiao TH, Wang JD, Lo FC, Jhan PP, Chen WC. Perinatal lethal Gaucher disease due to compound heterozygosity of the splicing mutations in GBA gene. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 62:175-178. [PMID: 36720536 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In order to figure out the cause for two consecutive fetuses with nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) in a Taiwanese couple, whole-Exome Sequencing and Sanger Sequencing were applied for the family. CASE REPORT The two fetuses developed NIHF at gestation age of 19 and 21 weeks, respectively. The clinical features included ascites and pleural effusion, flattened nasofrontal angle, skin edema, clenched hands, ambiguous genitalia, hepatosplenomegaly and fetal thrombocytopenia. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed cerebellar hypoplasia and delayed cortical maturation. The GBA deleterious variants c.1505+5G > C and c.308-1G > A were both detected in the two fetuses. CONCLUSION The report provided the precious experience of the clinical presentation of perinatal lethal Gaucher disease (PLGD) and advice on reproductive medicine for the next pregnancy in a couple. The novel genetic mutations identified in the study also contribute to the known spectrum of PLGD-related mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Jung Lu
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hung Hsiao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiaan-Der Wang
- Center for Rare Disease and Hemophilia, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Industrial Engineering and Enterprise Information, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chu Lo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Pei Jhan
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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6
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Luo M, Lee LKC, Peng B, Choi CHJ, Tong WY, Voelcker NH. Delivering the Promise of Gene Therapy with Nanomedicines in Treating Central Nervous System Diseases. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201740. [PMID: 35851766 PMCID: PMC9475540 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Central Nervous System (CNS) diseases, such as Alzheimer's diseases (AD), Parkinson's Diseases (PD), brain tumors, Huntington's disease (HD), and stroke, still remain difficult to treat by the conventional molecular drugs. In recent years, various gene therapies have come into the spotlight as versatile therapeutics providing the potential to prevent and treat these diseases. Despite the significant progress that has undoubtedly been achieved in terms of the design and modification of genetic modulators with desired potency and minimized unwanted immune responses, the efficient and safe in vivo delivery of gene therapies still poses major translational challenges. Various non-viral nanomedicines have been recently explored to circumvent this limitation. In this review, an overview of gene therapies for CNS diseases is provided and describes recent advances in the development of nanomedicines, including their unique characteristics, chemical modifications, bioconjugations, and the specific applications that those nanomedicines are harnessed to deliver gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Luo
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics ScienceMonash UniversityParkville Campus, 381 Royal ParadeParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnologythe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD4072Australia
| | - Leo Kit Cheung Lee
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong
| | - Bo Peng
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics ScienceMonash UniversityParkville Campus, 381 Royal ParadeParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible ElectronicsXi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical materials & EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China
| | - Chung Hang Jonathan Choi
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong
| | - Wing Yin Tong
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics ScienceMonash UniversityParkville Campus, 381 Royal ParadeParkvilleVIC3052Australia
| | - Nicolas H. Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics ScienceMonash UniversityParkville Campus, 381 Royal ParadeParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)ClaytonVIC3168Australia
- Melbourne Centre for NanofabricationVictorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility151 Wellington RoadClaytonVIC3168Australia
- Materials Science and EngineeringMonash University14 Alliance LaneClaytonVIC3800Australia
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7
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Kirk EP, Delatycki MB, Laing N. Reproductive genetic carrier screening and inborn errors of metabolism: The voice of the inborn errors of metabolism community needs to be heard. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:902-906. [PMID: 35460079 PMCID: PMC9539927 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive genetic carrier screening (RGCS) has a history spanning more than 50 years, but for most of that time has been limited to screening for one or a few conditions in targeted population groups. The advent of massively parallel sequencing has led to rapid growth in screening for panels of up to hundreds of genes. Such panels typically include numerous genes associated with inborn errors of metabolism (IEM). There are considerable potential benefits for families from screening, but there are also risks and potential pitfalls. The IEM community has a vital role to play in guiding gene selection and assisting with the complexities that arise from screening, including interpreting complex biochemical assays and counselling at-risk couples about phenotypes and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin P. Kirk
- Centre for Clinical GeneticsSydney Children's HospitalRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
- New South Wales Health Pathology Randwick Genomics LaboratoryRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Women's and Children's HealthUniversity of New South WalesRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Martin B. Delatycki
- Victorian Clinical Genetics ServicesMurdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Nigel Laing
- Centre for Medical ResearchUniversity of Western Australia and Harry Perkins Institute of Medical ResearchNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Department of Diagnostic GenomicsPathWest Laboratory Medicine, Department of HealthNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
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Toffoli M, Chen X, Sedlazeck FJ, Lee CY, Mullin S, Higgins A, Koletsi S, Garcia-Segura ME, Sammler E, Scholz SW, Schapira AHV, Eberle MA, Proukakis C. Comprehensive short and long read sequencing analysis for the Gaucher and Parkinson's disease-associated GBA gene. Commun Biol 2022; 5:670. [PMID: 35794204 PMCID: PMC9259685 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03610-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
GBA variants carriers are at increased risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD). The presence of pseudogene GBAP1 predisposes to structural variants, complicating genetic analysis. We present two methods to resolve recombinant alleles and other variants in GBA: Gauchian, a tool for short-read, whole-genome sequencing data analysis, and Oxford Nanopore sequencing after PCR enrichment. Both methods were concordant for 42 samples carrying a range of recombinants and GBAP1-related mutations, and Gauchian outperformed the GATK Best Practices pipeline. Applying Gauchian to sequencing of over 10,000 individuals shows that copy number variants (CNVs) spanning GBAP1 are relatively common in Africans. CNV frequencies in PD and LBD are similar to controls. Gains may coexist with other mutations in patients, and a modifying effect cannot be excluded. Gauchian detects more GBA variants in LBD than PD, especially severe ones. These findings highlight the importance of accurate GBA analysis in these patients. Two methods fully resolve the GBA gene: Gauchian, a tool for short-read, whole-genome sequencing data analysis, and Oxford Nanopore sequencing after PCR enrichment. The approach improves our understanding of the relationship between GBA, Gaucher disease and Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Toffoli
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao Chen
- Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Pacific Biosciences, 1305 O'Brien Dr., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Fritz J Sedlazeck
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chiao-Yin Lee
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Mullin
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, United Kingdom.,Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, University of Plymouth School of Medicine, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail Higgins
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Koletsi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Emili Garcia-Segura
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Esther Sammler
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.,Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Sonja W Scholz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Anthony H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A Eberle
- Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA. .,Pacific Biosciences, 1305 O'Brien Dr., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - Christos Proukakis
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, United Kingdom.
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Hsu KL, Yen HCS, Yeang CH. Cooperative stability renders protein complex formation more robust and controllable. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10490. [PMID: 35729235 PMCID: PMC9213465 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14362-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein complexes are the fundamental units of many biological functions. Despite their many advantages, one major adverse impact of protein complexes is accumulations of unassembled subunits that may disrupt other processes or exert cytotoxic effects. Synthesis of excess subunits can be inhibited via negative feedback control or they can be degraded more efficiently than assembled subunits, with this latter being termed cooperative stability. Whereas controlled synthesis of complex subunits has been investigated extensively, how cooperative stability acts in complex formation remains largely unexplored. To fill this knowledge gap, we have built quantitative models of heteromeric complexes with or without cooperative stability and compared their behaviours in the presence of synthesis rate variations. A system displaying cooperative stability is robust against synthesis rate variations as it retains high dimer/monomer ratios across a broad range of parameter configurations. Moreover, cooperative stability can alleviate the constraint of limited supply of a given subunit and makes complex abundance more responsive to unilateral upregulation of another subunit. We also conducted an in silico experiment to comprehensively characterize and compare four types of circuits that incorporate combinations of negative feedback control and cooperative stability in terms of eight systems characteristics pertaining to optimality, robustness and controllability. Intriguingly, though individual circuits prevailed for distinct characteristics, the system with cooperative stability alone achieved the most balanced performance across all characteristics. Our study provides theoretical justification for the contribution of cooperative stability to natural biological systems and represents a guideline for designing synthetic complex formation systems with desirable characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Lun Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Chi S Yen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsiang Yeang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Magrinelli F, Lohmann K.
PRKRAP1
and other pseudogenes in movement disorders: The troublemakers in genetic analyses are more than genomic fossils. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2022; 9:698-702. [PMID: 35844281 PMCID: PMC9274356 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Magrinelli
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
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11
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Sawada T, Kido J, Sugawara K, Yoshida S, Matsumoto S, Shimazu T, Matsushita Y, Inoue T, Hirose S, Endo F, Nakamura K. Newborn screening for Gaucher disease in Japan. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2022; 31:100850. [PMID: 35242582 PMCID: PMC8866142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2022.100850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive inborn metabolic disorder caused by a glucocerebrosidase (GCase) defect. GD is classified into three main types depending on accompanying neurological symptoms. Enzyme replacement therapy and substrate reduction therapy are limited in the treatment of neurological symptoms, and using genotype and GCase activity to discriminate between non-neuronopathic and neuronopathic GD may be challenging as the two sometimes phenotypically overlap. The number of patients exhibiting neurological symptoms in Japan is significantly higher than that in Europe and the United States, and newborn screening (NBS) is still not actively performed in Japan. Definitive determination of the actual frequency and proportion of the type of GD from the results of NBS remains inconclusive. We performed NBS for Fabry disease, Pompe disease, and GD, mainly in the Kyushu area in Japan. Herein, we discuss the results of NBS for GD, as well as, the insights gained from following the clinical course of patients diagnosed through NBS. A total of 155,442 newborns were screened using an enzyme activity assay using dried blood spots. We found four newborns showing lower GCase activity and were definitively diagnosed with GD by GBA gene analysis. The frequency of GD diagnosis through NBS was 1 in 77,720 when limited to the probands. This frequency is higher than that previously estimated in Japan. In the future, NBS for GD is expected to be performed in many regions of Japan and contribute to detecting more patients with GD. Early screening and diagnosis may have a very significant impact on the quality of life and potentially longevity in infants with GD. Newborn screening (NBS) identified 4 cases of Gaucher disease (GD) with few false positives in Japan. The frequency of GD diagnosis through NBS was 1 in 77,720, being higher than the previously estimated. Early diagnosis may have a very significant impact on the quality of life and potentially longevity in infants with GD.
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12
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Napolioni V, Fredericks CA, Kim Y, Channappa D, Khan RR, Kim LH, Zafar F, Couthouis J, Davidzon GA, Mormino EC, Gitler AD, Montine TJ, Schüle B, Greicius MD. Phenotypic Heterogeneity among GBA p.R202X Carriers in Lewy Body Spectrum Disorders. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010160. [PMID: 35052839 PMCID: PMC8774039 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the clinical and neuropathologic features of patients with Lewy body spectrum disorder (LBSD) carrying a nonsense variant, c.604C>T; p.R202X, in the glucocerebrosidase 1 (GBA) gene. While this GBA variant is causative for Gaucher's disease, the pathogenic role of this mutation in LBSD is unclear. Detailed neuropathologic evaluation was performed for one index case and a structured literature review of other GBA p.R202X carriers was conducted. Through the systematic literature search, we identified three additional reported subjects carrying the same GBA mutation, including one Parkinson's disease (PD) patient with early disease onset, one case with neuropathologically-verified LBSD, and one unaffected relative of a Gaucher's disease patient. Among the affected subjects carrying the GBA p.R202X, all males were diagnosed with Lewy body dementia, while the two females presented as PD. The clinical penetrance of GBA p.R202X in LBSD patients and families argues strongly for a pathogenic role for this variant, although presenting with a striking phenotypic heterogeneity of clinical and pathological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Napolioni
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (C.A.F.); (Y.K.); (R.R.K.); (L.H.K.); (E.C.M.); (M.D.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(669)-287-2586
| | - Carolyn A. Fredericks
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (C.A.F.); (Y.K.); (R.R.K.); (L.H.K.); (E.C.M.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Yongha Kim
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (C.A.F.); (Y.K.); (R.R.K.); (L.H.K.); (E.C.M.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Divya Channappa
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (D.C.); (F.Z.); (T.J.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Raiyan R. Khan
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (C.A.F.); (Y.K.); (R.R.K.); (L.H.K.); (E.C.M.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Lily H. Kim
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (C.A.F.); (Y.K.); (R.R.K.); (L.H.K.); (E.C.M.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Faria Zafar
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (D.C.); (F.Z.); (T.J.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Julien Couthouis
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (J.C.); (A.D.G.)
| | - Guido A. Davidzon
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Elizabeth C. Mormino
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (C.A.F.); (Y.K.); (R.R.K.); (L.H.K.); (E.C.M.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Aaron D. Gitler
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (J.C.); (A.D.G.)
| | - Thomas J. Montine
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (D.C.); (F.Z.); (T.J.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Birgitt Schüle
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (D.C.); (F.Z.); (T.J.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Michael D. Greicius
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (C.A.F.); (Y.K.); (R.R.K.); (L.H.K.); (E.C.M.); (M.D.G.)
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13
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Phetthong T, Tim-Aroon T, Khongkraparn A, Noojarern S, Kuptanon C, Wichajarn K, Sathienkijkanchai A, Suphapeetiporn K, Charoenkwan P, Tantiworawit A, Noentong N, Wattanasirichaigoon D. Gaucher disease: clinical phenotypes and refining GBA mutational spectrum in Thai patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:519. [PMID: 34930372 PMCID: PMC8686639 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-02151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gaucher disease (GD) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder, characterized by hepatosplenomegaly and pancytopenia, with or without neurologic involvement. The disorder is categorized into three phenotypes: GD type 1 or nonneuronopathic GD; GD type 2 or acute neuronopathic GD; and GD type 3 or chronic neuronopathic GD. The purposes of this study were to describe clinical characteristics of Thai GD in patients diagnosed and/or followed up during 2010-2018 and to perform re-genotyping including analysis of GBA recombinant alleles which had not been investigated in Thai patients before. RESULTS There were 27 patients from seven medical centers, enrolled in the study. All the cases had pediatric onset. GD3 (44.5%) was the most common phenotype, followed by GD2 (40.7%) and GD1 (14.8%), with one case of neonatal GD. The median age of onset for GD1, GD2, and GD3 was 72, 4 and 12 months, respectively, suggesting relatively earlier onset of GD1 and GD3 in Thai patients. All patients with GD1 and most patients with GD3 received ERT. Four patients with GD3 had ERT followed by HSCT. Patients with GD3 who received no or late ERT showed unfavorable outcomes. We identified 14 variants including two novel (p.S384F and p.W533*) and 12 reported pathogenic variants: p.L483P, p.N409S, p.R159W, p.P305A, p.A175G, p.D448H, p.V414L, IVS2+1G>A, IVS6-1G>C, IVS7+1G>C, IVS9-3C>G, and Rec1a. The p.L483P was the most prevalent allele found in this study, at 66% (33/50 alleles), followed by IVS2+1G>A, Rec1a, and IVS6-1G>C. Twenty-four percent of patients were reassigned with validated genotypes, most of whom (4 of 6) were patients with GD2. The [p.S384F + p.W533*] being compounded with p.L483P, was found in the patient with neonatal GD, suggesting that the p.S384F could potentiate the deleterious effect of the p.W533*, and/or vice versa. CONCLUSIONS Neuronopathic GD was strikingly prevalent among Thai affected population. Homozygous p.L483P was the most common genotype identified in Thai patients. Recombinant allele Rec1a and splicing mutations were associated with GD2 and severe cases of GD3. Mutation spectrum could be useful for designing stepwise molecular analysis, genetic screenings in population, and new therapeutic research for neuronopathic GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Phetthong
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Phramongkutklao Hospital and Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thipwimol Tim-Aroon
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Arthaporn Khongkraparn
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Saisuda Noojarern
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Chulaluck Kuptanon
- Genetics Section, Department of Pediatrics, Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Rangsit University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Khunton Wichajarn
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Achara Sathienkijkanchai
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanya Suphapeetiporn
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pimlak Charoenkwan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Adisak Tantiworawit
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Duangrurdee Wattanasirichaigoon
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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14
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Drelichman GI, Fernández Escobar N, Soberon BC, Basack NF, Frabasil J, Schenone AB, Aguilar G, Larroudé MS, Knight JR, Zhao D, Ruan J, Mistry PK. Long-read single molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing of GBA1 locus in Gaucher disease national cohort from Argentina reveals high frequency of complex allele underlying severe skeletal phenotypes: Collaborative study from the Argentine Group for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gaucher Disease. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2021; 29:100820. [PMID: 34820281 PMCID: PMC8600149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2021.100820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease is reckoned for extreme phenotypic diversity that does not show consistent genotype/phenotype correlations. In Argentina, a national collaborative group, Grupo Argentino de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de la Enfermedad de Gaucher, GADTEG, have delineated uniformly severe type 1 Gaucher disease manifestations presenting in childhood with large burden of irreversible skeletal disease. Here using Long-Read Single Molecule Real-Time (SMRT) Sequencing of GBA1 locus, we show that RecNciI allele is highly prevalent and associates with severe skeletal manifestations in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo I Drelichman
- Unidad de Hematología, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolas Fernández Escobar
- Unidad de Hematología, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Barbara C Soberon
- Unidad de Hematología, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nora F Basack
- Unidad de Hematología, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joaquin Frabasil
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica "Dr. N. A. Chamoles", Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea B Schenone
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica "Dr. N. A. Chamoles", Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Aguilar
- Centro de Diagnóstico Dr. Rossi, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria S Larroudé
- Centro de Diagnóstico Dr. Rossi, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - James R Knight
- Yale University Center for Genome Analysis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Dejian Zhao
- Yale University Center for Genome Analysis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jiapeng Ruan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. United States
| | - Pramod K Mistry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. United States
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15
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Do Not Miss the (Genetic) Diagnosis of Gaucher Syndrome: A Narrative Review on Diagnostic Clues and Management in Severe Prenatal and Perinatal-Lethal Sporadic Cases. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10214890. [PMID: 34768410 PMCID: PMC8585001 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With a growing number of proved therapies and clinical trials for many lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), a lot of hope for many patients and families exists. However, there are sometimes cases with poor prognosis, fatal outcomes when our efforts must be directed towards a prompt and correct genetic diagnosis, which offers the only possibility of providing the family with appropriate prevention and treatment. To address this issue, in this article, we present the clinical and genetic hallmarks of the lethal form of Gaucher disease (PLGD) and discuss the potential management. We hope that this will draw attention to its specific manifestations (such as collodion-baby phenotype, ichthyosis, arthrogryposis), which differ from best-known GD complications and ensure appropriate diagnostic assessment to provide families at risk with reliable counselling and treatment to avoid the medical complication of GD.
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16
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Woo EG, Tayebi N, Sidransky E. Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis of GBA1: The Challenge of Detecting Complex Recombinant Alleles. Front Genet 2021; 12:684067. [PMID: 34234814 PMCID: PMC8255797 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.684067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Woo
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nahid Tayebi
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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17
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Basgalupp SP, Donis KC, Siebert M, E Vairo FP, Artigalas O, de Camargo Pinto LL, Behringer S, Spiekerkoetter U, Hannibal L, Schwartz IVD. Elevated holo-transcobalamin in Gaucher disease type II: A case report. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:2471-2476. [PMID: 34031990 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD), one of the most common lysosomal disorders, is caused by deficiency of β-glucocerebrosidase. Based on the presence and severity of neurological complications, GD is classified into types I, II (the most severe form), and III. Abnormalities in systemic markers of vitamin B12 (B12 ) metabolism have been reported in GD type I patients, suggesting a higher prevalence of B12 deficiency in these patients. A 2-month-old male with GD type II was admitted to the hospital presenting jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and ichthyosis. At admission, cholestasis and ascites, abnormal liver function enzymes, prolonged prothrombin time, and high levels of B12 were confirmed. Analysis of biomarkers of B12 status revealed elevated B12 and holo-transcobalamin (holo-TC) levels. The B12 profile found in our patient is the opposite to what is described for GD type I patients. Holo-TC may increase in inflammatory states or due to liver diseases. In GD, the accumulation of glucocerebroside may be a trigger that initiates a systemic inflammatory reaction, characterized by macrophage activation. We suggest higher levels of holo-TC could be associated with a more severe (neuronopathic) GD, and be a biomarker of GD type II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suelen Porto Basgalupp
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Basic Research and Advanced Investigations in Neurosciences (BRAIN) Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Karina Carvalho Donis
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marina Siebert
- Basic Research and Advanced Investigations in Neurosciences (BRAIN) Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Unit of Laboratorial Research, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Filippo Pinto E Vairo
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Osvaldo Artigalas
- Hospital da Criança Conceição, Grupo Hospitalar Conceição (GHC), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Sidney Behringer
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ute Spiekerkoetter
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Luciana Hannibal
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ida Vanessa D Schwartz
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Basic Research and Advanced Investigations in Neurosciences (BRAIN) Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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18
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Daykin EC, Ryan E, Sidransky E. Diagnosing neuronopathic Gaucher disease: New considerations and challenges in assigning Gaucher phenotypes. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 132:49-58. [PMID: 33483255 PMCID: PMC7884077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD), resulting from biallelic mutations in the gene GBA1, is a monogenic recessively inherited Mendelian disorder with a wide range of phenotypic presentations. The more severe forms of the disease, acute neuronopathic GD (GD2) and chronic neuronopathic GD (GD3), also have a continuum of disease severity with an overlap in manifestations and limited genotype-phenotype correlation. In very young patients, assigning a definitive diagnosis can sometimes be challenging. Several recent studies highlight specific features of neuronopathic GD that may provide diagnostic clues. Distinguishing between the different GD types has important therapeutic implications. Currently there are limited treatment options specifically for neuronopathic GD due to the difficulty in delivering therapies across the blood-brain barrier. In this work, we present both classic and newly appreciated aspects of the Gaucher phenotype that can aid in discriminating between acute and chronic neuronopathic GD, and highlight the continuing therapeutic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Daykin
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Emory Ryan
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA.
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19
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Behl T, Kaur G, Fratila O, Buhas C, Judea-Pusta CT, Negrut N, Bustea C, Bungau S. Cross-talks among GBA mutations, glucocerebrosidase, and α-synuclein in GBA-associated Parkinson's disease and their targeted therapeutic approaches: a comprehensive review. Transl Neurodegener 2021; 10:4. [PMID: 33446243 PMCID: PMC7809876 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-020-00226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Current therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD) are palliative, of which the levodopa/carbidopa therapy remains the primary choice but is unable to modulate the progression of neurodegeneration. Due to the complication of such a multifactorial disorder and significant limitations of the therapy, numerous genetic approaches have been proved effective in finding out genes and mechanisms implicated in this disease. Following the observation of a higher frequency of PD in Gaucher's disease (GD), a lysosomal storage condition, mutations of glycosylceramidase beta (GBA) encoding glucocerebrosidase (GCase) have been shown to be involved and have been explored in the context of PD. GBA mutations are the most common genetic risk factor of PD. Various studies have revealed the relationships between PD and GBA gene mutations, facilitating a better understanding of this disorder. Various hypotheses delineate that the pathological mutations of GBA minimize the enzymatic activity of GCase, which affects the proliferation and clearance of α-synuclein; this affects the lysosomal homeostasis, exacerbating the endoplasmic reticulum stress or encouraging the mitochondrial dysfunction. Identification of the pathological mechanisms underlying the GBA-associated parkinsonism (GBA + PD) advances our understanding of PD. This review based on current literature aims to elucidate various genetic and clinical characteristics correlated with GBA mutations and to identify the numerous pathological processes underlying GBA + PD. We also delineate the therapeutic strategies to interfere with the mutant GCase function for further improvement of the related α-synuclein-GCase crosstalks. Moreover, the various therapeutic approaches such as gene therapy, chaperone proteins, and histone deacetylase inhibitors for the treatment of GBA + PD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
| | - Gagandeep Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Ovidiu Fratila
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Camelia Buhas
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Bihor County, Romania
| | - Claudia Teodora Judea-Pusta
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Bihor County, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Negrut
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Cristiana Bustea
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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20
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Behl T, Kaur G, Fratila O, Buhas C, Judea-Pusta CT, Negrut N, Bustea C, Bungau S. Cross-talks among GBA mutations, glucocerebrosidase, and α-synuclein in GBA-associated Parkinson’s disease and their targeted therapeutic approaches: a comprehensive review. Transl Neurodegener 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40035-020-00226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCurrent therapies for Parkinson’s disease (PD) are palliative, of which the levodopa/carbidopa therapy remains the primary choice but is unable to modulate the progression of neurodegeneration. Due to the complication of such a multifactorial disorder and significant limitations of the therapy, numerous genetic approaches have been proved effective in finding out genes and mechanisms implicated in this disease. Following the observation of a higher frequency of PD in Gaucher’s disease (GD), a lysosomal storage condition, mutations of glycosylceramidase beta (GBA) encoding glucocerebrosidase (GCase) have been shown to be involved and have been explored in the context of PD. GBA mutations are the most common genetic risk factor of PD. Various studies have revealed the relationships between PD and GBA gene mutations, facilitating a better understanding of this disorder. Various hypotheses delineate that the pathological mutations of GBA minimize the enzymatic activity of GCase, which affects the proliferation and clearance of α-synuclein; this affects the lysosomal homeostasis, exacerbating the endoplasmic reticulum stress or encouraging the mitochondrial dysfunction. Identification of the pathological mechanisms underlying the GBA-associated parkinsonism (GBA + PD) advances our understanding of PD. This review based on current literature aims to elucidate various genetic and clinical characteristics correlated with GBA mutations and to identify the numerous pathological processes underlying GBA + PD. We also delineate the therapeutic strategies to interfere with the mutant GCase function for further improvement of the related α-synuclein–GCase crosstalks. Moreover, the various therapeutic approaches such as gene therapy, chaperone proteins, and histone deacetylase inhibitors for the treatment of GBA + PD are discussed.
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21
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Lysosomal storage disorders: Novel and frequent pathogenic variants in a large cohort of Indian patients of Pompe, Fabry, Gaucher and Hurler disease. Clin Biochem 2020; 89:14-37. [PMID: 33301762 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diagnosis of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) remains challenging due to wide clinical, biochemical and molecular heterogeneity. The study applies a combined biochemical and genetic approach to diagnose symptomatic Indian patients of Pompe, Fabry, Gaucher and Hurler disease to generate a comprehensive dataset of pathogenic variants for these disorders. DESIGN & METHODS Symptomatic patients were biochemically diagnosed by fluorometric methods and molecular confirmation was carried out by gene sequencing. Genetic variants were analyzed according to the ACMG/AMP 2015 variant interpretation guidelines. RESULTS Amongst the 2181 suspected patients, 285 (13%) were biochemically diagnosed. Of these, 22.5% (64/285) diagnosed with Pompe disease harboured c.1933G>A, c.1A>G, c.1927G>A and c.2783G>C as common and 10 novel pathogenic variants while 7.4% (21/285) patients diagnosed with Fabry disease carried c.851T>C, c.902G>A, c.905A>C and c.1212_1234del as frequent disease-causing variants along with 7 novel pathogenic variants. As many as 48.4% (138/285) patients were diagnosed with Gaucher disease and had c.1448T>C as the most common pathogenic variant followed by c.1342G>C and c.754T>C with 7 previously unreported disease-causing variants and in the 21.7% (62/285) diagnosed cases of Hurler disease, c.1469T>C, c.754delC c.568_581del and c.1898C>T were identified as the most common causative variants along with 21 novel pathogenic variants. CONCLUSION This comprehensive data set of disease-causing frequent and novel pathogenic variants reported for the first time in such a large patient cohort for each of these four LSDs from the Indian sub-continent, along with their biochemical and clinical spectrum will contribute towards providing definitive diagnosis and treatment, identifying carrier status, as well as in counselling prenatal cases to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with these disorders.
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22
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Tantawy AAG, Adly AAM, Hashem NH, Ebeid WM, Abdeen MS, Salah NY. Ganglion Cell Complex Thinning in Young Gaucher Patients: Relation to Prodromal Parkinsonian Markers. Mov Disord 2020; 35:2211-2219. [PMID: 32918500 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Gaucher disease (GD) have an increased risk for parkinsonism. Retinal thinning has been described in parkinsonism as an early nonmotor feature. Scarce reports have addressed retinal thickness changes in GD. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to compare ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with GD with healthy control subjects, and to correlate it with the presence of parkinsonian features (PFs), clinical prodromal markers of parkinsonism, severity score index (SSI), and glucosylsphingosine (Lyso-GL-1). METHODS This study included 48 AYAs with GD (11-29 years), 11 with manifest PFs (Group 1) and 37 with no PFs (Group 2), and 48 matched healthy control subjects (Group 3). Age of GD onset, disease duration, medication history, history of constipation, SSI, and hematological assessment were done. Neurocognitive evaluation included Parts I, II, and III of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Wechsler Adult and Intelligence Scale and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) scale, Munich Parasomnia Screening scale, and the olfactory dysfunction scale. Molecular analyses of the acid GBA gene and Lyso-GL-1 were done. Participants underwent full ophthalmological examination and optical coherence tomography with GCC thickness measurement. RESULTS GCC was significantly thinner in Group 1 than in Groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.001), whereas no significant difference was found between Groups 2 and 3 (P = 0.977). In addition, a significant interocular GCC thickness difference was found among the studied AYAs with GD (P = 0.007). GCC correlated positively with total intelligence quotient (P < 0.001) and negatively with Lyso-GL-1 (P = 0.019), UPDRS (P = 0.004), and BDI (P = 0.029), but not with SSI (P = 0.874), GD type (P = 0.85), or genotype (P = 0.842). A significant negative relationship was found between GCC thickness and PFs (P = 0.001), parasomnia (P = 0.003), constipation (P = 0.031), RBD (P = 0.044), and hyposmia (P = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS GCC thinning may be a promising biomarker for central nervous system neurodegeneration that has the potential to monitor early PFs among people with GD. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Weam Mohamed Ebeid
- Opthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mai Seifeldin Abdeen
- Opthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Psychiatry department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nouran Yousef Salah
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Salah NY. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and nail fold capillaroscopy changes in children and adolescents with Gaucher disease; relation to residual disease severity. Cytokine 2020; 133:155120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Cognitive decline and depressive symptoms: early non-motor presentations of parkinsonism among Egyptian Gaucher patients. Neurogenetics 2020; 21:159-167. [DOI: 10.1007/s10048-020-00607-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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25
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Gawad Tantawy AA, Moneam Adly AA, Madkour SS, Salah El-Din NY. Pulmonary manifestations in young Gaucher disease patients: Phenotype-genotype correlation and radiological findings. Pediatr Pulmonol 2020; 55:441-448. [PMID: 31774256 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although pulmonary involvement is important orbidity in Gaucher disease (GD), it is previously reported to be rare. Moreover, no epidemiological studies described its prevalence specifically in children. The clinical spectrum and risk determinants for this complication and its long-term response to therapy are unknown. AIM To assess the prevalence of clinical and radiological pulmonary involvement in pediatric GD patients and its relation to Gaucher severity and genotype. METHODS Forty-eight GD patients were studied focusing on pulmonary and neurological manifestations with assessment of severity scoring index (SSI; a Gaucher specific scale). Detailed enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) history was taken regarding dose, duration, and effect on pulmonary manifestations. Genotype was performed to 30 patients. Radiological investigations included plain chest-radiography (CXR), high-resolution CT (HRCT), and hepatic and splenic volumes. RESULTS Fifteen patients had type 1 (31.2%) and 33 patients had type 3 GD (68.8%). The most common mutation was L483P detected in 25 patients (83.3%). Sixteen patients had recurrent chest wheeze (33%). CXR showed pulmonary findings in 17 patients (35.4%) while HRCT-chest showed affection in 31 patients (64.6%). The ground-glass pattern was present in 14 patients (29.1%), reticulonodular infiltration in 9 patients (18.8%), air trapping in 6 patients (12.5%), and bronchiectatic changes in two patients (4.2%). Univariate logistic regression analysis for predictors of abnormal HRCT-chest was negatively correlated with platelets (P = .01) and hemoglobin (P = .018) and positively correlated with recurrent chest wheezing (P = .019), abnormal CXR (P = .007), and SSI (P = .009). CONCLUSION Pulmonary involvement is a prevalent morbidity of GD with variable presentations. CXR for early detection of pulmonary involvement in GD is safe and highly predictive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sherihane S Madkour
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Graham OEE, Pitcher TL, Liau Y, Miller AL, Dalrymple-Alford JC, Anderson TJ, Kennedy MA. Nanopore sequencing of the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene in a New Zealand Parkinson's disease cohort. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019; 70:36-41. [PMID: 31809948 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bi-allelic mutations in the gene for glucocerebrosidase (GBA) cause Gaucher disease, an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder. Gaucher disease causing GBA mutations in the heterozygous state are also high risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD). GBA analysis is challenging due to a related pseudogene and structural variations (SVs) that can occur at this locus. We have applied and refined a recently developed nanopore DNA sequencing method to analyze GBA variants in a clinically assessed New Zealand longitudinal cohort of PD. METHOD We examined amplicons encompassing the coding region of GBA (8.9 kb) from 229 PD cases and 50 healthy controls using the GridION nanopore sequencing platform, and Sanger validation. RESULTS We detected 23 variants in 21 PD cases (9.2% of patients). We detected modest PD risk variant p.N409S (rs76763715) in one case, p.E365K (rs2230288) in 12 cases, and p.T408 M (rs75548401) in seven cases, one of whom also had p.E365K. We additionally detected the possible risk variants p.R78C (rs146774384) in one case, p.D179H (rs147138516) in one case which occurred on the same haplotype as p.E365K, and one novel variant c.335C > T or p.(L335 = ), that potentially impacts splicing of GBA transcripts. Additionally, we found a higher prevalence of dementia among patients with GBA variants. CONCLUSION This work confirmed the utility of nanopore sequencing as a high-throughput method to identify known and novel GBA variants, and to assign precise haplotypes. Our observations may contribute to improved understanding of the effects of variants on disease pathogenesis, and to the development of more targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- O E E Graham
- Gene Structure and Function Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - T L Pitcher
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand; New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Y Liau
- Gene Structure and Function Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - A L Miller
- Gene Structure and Function Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J C Dalrymple-Alford
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand; School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - T J Anderson
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand; New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand; Neurology Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - M A Kennedy
- Gene Structure and Function Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Ryan E, Seehra GK, Sidransky E. Mutations, modifiers and epigenetics in Gaucher disease: Blurred boundaries between simple and complex disorders. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 128:10-13. [PMID: 31474515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emory Ryan
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gurpreet Kaur Seehra
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Do J, McKinney C, Sharma P, Sidransky E. Glucocerebrosidase and its relevance to Parkinson disease. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:36. [PMID: 31464647 PMCID: PMC6716912 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in GBA1, the gene encoding the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase, are among the most common known genetic risk factors for the development of Parkinson disease and related synucleinopathies. A great deal is known about GBA1, as mutations in GBA1 are causal for the rare autosomal storage disorder Gaucher disease. Over the past decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the genetics and cell biology of glucocerebrosidase. A least 495 different mutations, found throughout the 11 exons of the gene are reported, including both common and rare variants. Mutations in GBA1 may lead to degradation of the protein, disruptions in lysosomal targeting and diminished performance of the enzyme in the lysosome. Gaucher disease is phenotypically diverse and has both neuronopathic and non-neuronopathic forms. Both patients with Gaucher disease and heterozygous carriers are at increased risk of developing Parkinson disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies, although our understanding of the mechanism for this association remains incomplete. There appears to be an inverse relationship between glucocerebrosidase and α-synuclein levels, and even patients with sporadic Parkinson disease have decreased glucocerebrosidase. Glucocerebrosidase may interact with α-synuclein to maintain basic cellular functions, or impaired glucocerebrosidase could contribute to Parkinson pathogenesis by disrupting lysosomal homeostasis, enhancing endoplasmic reticulum stress or contributing to mitochondrial impairment. However, the majority of patients with GBA1 mutations never develop parkinsonism, so clearly other risk factors play a role. Treatments for Gaucher disease have been developed that increase visceral glucocerebrosidase levels and decrease lipid storage, although they have yet to properly address the neurological defects associated with impaired glucocerebrosidase. Mouse and induced pluripotent stem cell derived models have improved our understanding of glucocerebrosidase function and the consequences of its deficiency. These models have been used to test novel therapies including chaperone proteins, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and gene therapy approaches that enhance glucocerebrosidase levels and could prove efficacious in the treatment of forms of parkinsonism. Consequently, this rare monogenic disorder, Gaucher disease, provides unique insights directly applicable to our understanding and treatment of Parkinson disease, a common and complex neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Do
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 35A, Room 1E623, 35 Convent Drive, MSC 3708, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3708, USA
| | - Cindy McKinney
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 35A, Room 1E623, 35 Convent Drive, MSC 3708, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3708, USA
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 35A, Room 1E623, 35 Convent Drive, MSC 3708, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3708, USA
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 35A, Room 1E623, 35 Convent Drive, MSC 3708, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3708, USA.
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Psychiatric manifestations in Egyptian Gaucher patients on enzyme replacement therapy. J Psychosom Res 2019; 122:75-81. [PMID: 31079842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gaucher disease (GD) may include psychiatric symptoms as a part of its wide spectrum of manifestations, with several reports describing its association with mood or psychotic symptoms. We investigated the presence of psychiatric manifestations in an Egyptian sample of Gaucher Disease (GD) patients. METHODS Our sample consisted of 22 GD patients (diagnosed by low glucocerebrosidase (GBA) activity in leukocytes or fibroblasts and molecular analysis by full (GBA) gene sequencing). 13 patients were classified as GD type 1 and 9 patients as GD type 3. We assessed the presence of psychiatric symptoms using the Mini-international neuropsychiatric interview (M.I.N·I) and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID) tools. Arabic versions were used. RESULTS The results showed that 41% of the sample had psychiatric disorders, with the most common being depression. None was receiving any form of psychiatric treatment. We found no statistically significant association between the presence of psychiatric disorders and any of the clinical variables of GD, its phenotype, or genotype. CONCLUSION The current results suggest that GD patients are susceptible to psychiatric disorders. However, these results need to be replicated on a wider scale. These findings are of ultimate importance, considering the lack of integrated services addressing both the medical and psychological aspects of inborn errors of metabolism in many countries.
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Leija‐Salazar M, Sedlazeck FJ, Toffoli M, Mullin S, Mokretar K, Athanasopoulou M, Donald A, Sharma R, Hughes D, Schapira AH, Proukakis C. Evaluation of the detection of GBA missense mutations and other variants using the Oxford Nanopore MinION. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e564. [PMID: 30637984 PMCID: PMC6418358 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in GBA cause Gaucher disease when biallelic and are strong risk factors for Parkinson's disease when heterozygous. GBA analysis is complicated by the nearby pseudogene. We aimed to design and validate a method for sequencing GBA using long reads. METHODS We sequenced GBA on the Oxford Nanopore MinION as an 8.9 kb amplicon from 102 individuals, including patients with Parkinson's and Gaucher diseases. We used NanoOK for quality metrics, NGMLR to align data (after comparing with GraphMap), Nanopolish and Sniffles to call variants, and WhatsHap for phasing. RESULTS We detected all known missense mutations in these samples, including the common p.N409S (N370S) and p.L483P (L444P) in multiple samples, and nine rarer ones, as well as a splicing and a truncating mutation, and intronic SNPs. We demonstrated the ability to phase mutations, confirm compound heterozygosity, and assign haplotypes. We also detected two known risk variants in some Parkinson's patients. Rare false positives were easily identified and filtered, with the Nanopolish quality score adjusted for the number of reads a very robust discriminator. In two individuals carrying a recombinant allele, we were able to detect and fully define it in one carrier, where it included a 55-base pair deletion, but not in another one, suggesting a limitation of the PCR enrichment method. Missense mutations were detected at the correct zygosity, except for the case where the RecNciI one was missed. CONCLUSION The Oxford Nanopore MinION can detect missense mutations and an exonic deletion in this difficult gene, with the added advantages of phasing and intronic analysis. It can be used as an efficient research tool, but additional work is required to exclude all recombinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Leija‐Salazar
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Royal Free Campus, Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Marco Toffoli
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Royal Free Campus, Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Stephen Mullin
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Royal Free Campus, Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Institute of Translational and Stratified MedicinePlymouth University Peninsula School of MedicinePlymouthUK
| | - Katya Mokretar
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Royal Free Campus, Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Maria Athanasopoulou
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Aimee Donald
- Department of PaediatricsRoyal Manchester Children’s HospitalManchesterUK
| | - Reena Sharma
- The Mark Holland Metabolic Unit, Salford Royal Foundation NHS TrustSalfordUK
| | - Derralynn Hughes
- Institute of Immunity and TransplantationLysosomal Storage Disorders Unit, Royal Free HospitalLondonUK
| | - Anthony H.V. Schapira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Royal Free Campus, Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Christos Proukakis
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Royal Free Campus, Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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Wei M, Han A, Wei L, Ma L. A Neonatal Case With Perinatal Lethal Gaucher Disease Associated With Missense G234E and H413P Heterozygous Mutations. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:201. [PMID: 31192173 PMCID: PMC6538945 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal lethal Gaucher disease (PLGD), a particular and serious form of type 2 Gaucher disease (GD), often causes lethality in utero or death within hours after birth. The typical clinical manifestations include non-immune hydrops fetalis (NIHF), premature birth, fetal growth restriction, fetal intrauterine death, or neonatal distress and rapid death after birth. Here, we present a premature neonate with GD whose main clinical manifestations included intrauterine growth retardation, anasarca, facial dysmorphia, ichthyosis, respiratory distress, hepatosplenomegaly, joint contractures, myoclonus, refractory thrombocytopenia, anemia, elevated levels of liver enzymes, bile acid and direct bilirubin, cholestasis, pulmonary hypoplasia, intracranial hemorrhage, and abnormal electroencephalogram. The activity of β- glucocerebrosidase was 0 in the peripheral white blood cells of the neonate. The sequencing analysis identified the presence of missense G234E and H413P heterozygous mutations in glucerebrosidase (GBA) exon 7 and 10, with the latter first observed to be associated with PLGD. This infant died at 73 days of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meili Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Aiqin Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Liping Wei
- Sixth People's Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, China
| | - Liji Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong, China
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32
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Blandini F, Cilia R, Cerri S, Pezzoli G, Schapira AHV, Mullin S, Lanciego JL. Glucocerebrosidase mutations and synucleinopathies: Toward a model of precision medicine. Mov Disord 2018; 34:9-21. [PMID: 30589955 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocerebrosidase is a lysosomal enzyme. The characterization of a direct link between mutations in the gene coding for glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) with the development of Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies has heightened interest in this enzyme. Although the mechanisms through which glucocerebrosidase regulates the homeostasis of α-synuclein remains poorly understood, the identification of reduced glucocerebrosidase activity in the brains of patients with PD and dementia with Lewy bodies has paved the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies directed at enhancing glucocerebrosidase activity and reducing α-synuclein burden, thereby slowing down or even preventing neuronal death. Here we reviewed the current literature relating to the mechanisms underlying the cross talk between glucocerebrosidase and α-synuclein, the GBA1 mutation-associated clinical phenotypes, and ongoing therapeutic approaches targeting glucocerebrosidase. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Blandini
- Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Cilia
- Parkinson Institute, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Cerri
- Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gianni Pezzoli
- Parkinson Institute, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy
| | - Anthony H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Hampstead, UK
| | - Stephen Mullin
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Hampstead, UK.,Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, Plymouth University Peninsula School of Medicine, Plymouth, UK
| | - José L Lanciego
- Programa de Neurociencias, Fundación para la Investigación Médica Aplicada (FIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
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Davidson BA, Hassan S, Garcia EJ, Tayebi N, Sidransky E. Exploring genetic modifiers of Gaucher disease: The next horizon. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:1739-1751. [PMID: 30098107 PMCID: PMC6240360 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher disease is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder resulting from mutations in the gene GBA1 that lead to a deficiency in the enzyme glucocerebrosidase. Accumulation of the enzyme's substrates, glucosylceramide and glucosylsphingosine, results in symptoms ranging from skeletal and visceral involvement to neurological manifestations. Nonetheless, there is significant variability in clinical presentations amongst patients, with limited correlation between genotype and phenotype. Contributing to this clinical variation are genetic modifiers that influence the phenotypic outcome of the disorder. In this review, we explore the role of genetic modifiers in Mendelian disorders and describe methods to facilitate their discovery. In addition, we provide examples of candidate modifiers of Gaucher disease, explore their relevance in the development of potential therapeutics, and discuss the impact of GBA1 and modifying mutations on other more common diseases like Parkinson disease. Identifying these important modulators of Gaucher phenotype may ultimately unravel the complex relationship between genotype and phenotype and lead to improved counseling and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad A. Davidson
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shahzeb Hassan
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric Joshua Garcia
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nahid Tayebi
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Progressive myoclonus epilepsy in Gaucher Disease due to a new Gly-Gly mutation causing loss of an Exonic Splicing Enhancer. J Neurol 2018; 266:92-101. [PMID: 30382391 PMCID: PMC6342868 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-9084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Gaucher Disease (GD) exhibit three phenotypes, including type 1 (non-neuronopathic), type 2 (acute neuronopathic), and type 3 (subacute neuronopathic). AIM Identifying which GBA changes represent benign polymorphisms and which may result in disease-causing mutations is essential for diagnosis and genotype/phenotype correlations but is often challenging. RESULTS Here, we describe a patient with type 3 GD, presenting with drug-resistant epilepsy, who bears a set of GBA polymorphic variants including the novel c.363A > G (Gly82Gly) synonymous mutation. In silico predictions, mRNA and functional studies revealed that the new Gly82Gly mutation causes skipping of GBA exon 4, leading to a severe reduction of the wild type GBA mRNA. This is the first report of a synonymous change causing GD through loss of an exonic splicing enhancer sequence. The synonymous mutation is in trans with the Asn188Ser missense mutation, thus making the Asn188Ser responsible for the patient's phenotype and strengthening the association of Asn188Ser with the particular neurological phenotype of type 3 GD. CONCLUSION We strengthen the association of Asn188Ser with the type 3 GD phenotype and progressive myoclonus epilepsy. Our data confirm that in silico predictions and mRNA analysis are mandatory in discriminating pathological mutations from the background of harmless polymorphisms, especially synonymous changes.
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Hassan S, Lopez G, Stubblefield BK, Tayebi N, Sidransky E. Alleles with more than one mutation can complicate genotype/phenotype studies in Mendelian disorders: Lessons from Gaucher disease. Mol Genet Metab 2018; 125:1-3. [PMID: 29980418 PMCID: PMC6178817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal resessive Mendelian disorders usually result from two inherited disease-causing mutations. However, this is not always the case. Focusing on Gaucher disease, which results from mutations in GBA1, we found that more comprehensive genotyping revealed important exceptions. For example, patients with uniparental disomy or new mutations do not inherit a mutation from each parent. Furthermore, we identified patients found to carry more than one GBA1 mutation on the same allele. It is essential to examine the entire GBA1 gene in order to establish an accurate genotype. Missing the second mutation can complicate genotype/phenotype studies and result in improper genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzeb Hassan
- Medical Genetics Branch NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Grisel Lopez
- Medical Genetics Branch NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Nahid Tayebi
- Medical Genetics Branch NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Medical Genetics Branch NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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Vozella V, Basit A, Misto A, Piomelli D. Age-dependent changes in nervonic acid-containing sphingolipids in mouse hippocampus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:1502-1511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Hagege E, Grey RJ, Lopez G, Roshan Lal T, Sidransky E, Tayebi N. Type 2 Gaucher disease in an infant despite a normal maternal glucocerebrosidase gene. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:3211-3215. [PMID: 29091352 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is a recessively inherited autosomal lysosomal storage disease, the most severe of which is type 2, an acute neuronopathic form. We report an affected infant who inherited one mutant allele, Arg257Gln (c.887G>A; p.Arg296Gln) from his father, while the second, Gly202Arg (c.721G>A; p.Gly241Arg) arose by either maternal germline mosaicism or as a de novo mutation. This is the first time mutation Gly202Arg has been reported to be inherited non-traditionally. This report is part of a growing literature suggesting that GD can be inherited via germline or de novo mutations, and emphasizes that it is critical for clinicians to consider such inheritance when making diagnostic decisions or providing genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermias Hagege
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Richard J Grey
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Grisel Lopez
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tamanna Roshan Lal
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nahid Tayebi
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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Zampieri S, Cattarossi S, Bembi B, Dardis A. GBA Analysis in Next-Generation Era: Pitfalls, Challenges, and Possible Solutions. J Mol Diagn 2017; 19:733-741. [PMID: 28727984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding the lysosomal enzyme acid β-glucosidase (GBA) are responsible for Gaucher disease and represent the main genetic risk factor for developing Parkinson disease. In past years, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has been applied for the molecular analysis of the GBA gene, both as a single gene or as part of gene panels. However, the presence of complex gene-pseudogene rearrangements, resulting from the presence of a highly homologous pseudogene (GBAP1) located downstream of the GBA gene, makes NGS analysis of GBA challenging. Therefore, adequate strategies should be adopted to avoid misdetection of GBA recombinant mutations. Here, we validated a strategy for the identification of GBA mutations using parallel massive sequencing and provide an overview of the major drawbacks encountered during GBA analysis by NGS. We implemented a NGS workflow, using a set of 38 patients with Gaucher disease carrying different GBA alleles identified previously by Sanger sequencing. As expected, the presence of the pseudogene significantly affected data output. However, the combination of specific procedures for the library preparation and data analysis resulted in maximal repeatability and reproducibility, and a robust performance with 97% sensitivity and 100% specificity. In conclusion, the pipeline described here represents a useful approach to deal with GBA sequencing using NGS technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Zampieri
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, Academic Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Silvia Cattarossi
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, Academic Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Bruno Bembi
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, Academic Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Dardis
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, Academic Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy.
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Hamazaki T, El Rouby N, Fredette NC, Santostefano KE, Terada N. Concise Review: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Research in the Era of Precision Medicine. Stem Cells 2017; 35:545-550. [PMID: 28100040 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in DNA sequencing technologies are revealing how human genetic variations associate with differential health risks, disease susceptibilities, and drug responses. Such information is now expected to help evaluate individual health risks, design personalized health plans and treat patients with precision. It is still challenging, however, to understand how such genetic variations cause the phenotypic alterations in pathobiologies and treatment response. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technologies are emerging as a promising strategy to fill the knowledge gaps between genetic association studies and underlying molecular mechanisms. Breakthroughs in genome editing technologies and continuous improvement in iPSC differentiation techniques are particularly making this research direction more realistic and practical. Pioneering studies have shown that iPSCs derived from a variety of monogenic diseases can faithfully recapitulate disease phenotypes in vitro when differentiated into disease-relevant cell types. It has been shown possible to partially recapitulate disease phenotypes, even with late onset and polygenic diseases. More recently, iPSCs have been shown to validate effects of disease and treatment-related single nucleotide polymorphisms identified through genome wide association analysis. In this review, we will discuss how iPSC research will further contribute to human health in the coming era of precision medicine. Stem Cells 2017;35:545-550.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hamazaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nihal El Rouby
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, and Center for Pharmacogenomics, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Natalie C Fredette
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, and Center for Cellular Reprogramming, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Katherine E Santostefano
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, and Center for Cellular Reprogramming, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Naohiro Terada
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, and Center for Cellular Reprogramming, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Mistry PK, Lopez G, Schiffmann R, Barton NW, Weinreb NJ, Sidransky E. Gaucher disease: Progress and ongoing challenges. Mol Genet Metab 2017; 120:8-21. [PMID: 27916601 PMCID: PMC5425955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, tremendous progress has been made in the field of Gaucher disease, the inherited deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase. Many of the colossal achievements took place during the course of the sixty-year tenure of Dr. Roscoe Brady at the National Institutes of Health. These include the recognition of the enzymatic defect involved, the isolation and characterization of the protein, the localization and characterization of the gene and its nearby pseudogene, as well as the identification of the first mutant alleles in patients. The first treatment for Gaucher disease, enzyme replacement therapy, was conceived of, developed and tested at the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health. Advances including recombinant production of the enzyme, the development of mouse models, pioneering gene therapy experiments, high throughput screens of small molecules and the generation of induced pluripotent stem cell models have all helped to catapult research in Gaucher disease into the twenty-first century. The appreciation that mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene are an important risk factor for parkinsonism further expands the impact of this work. However, major challenges still remain, some of which are described here, that will provide opportunities, excitement and discovery for the next generations of Gaucher investigators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod K Mistry
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, LMP 1080, P.O. Box 208019, New Haven, CT 06520-8019, United States.
| | - Grisel Lopez
- Medical Genetics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bldg 35A Room 1E623, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Raphael Schiffmann
- Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75226, United States.
| | - Norman W Barton
- Therapeutic Area Head Neuroscience, Shire plc, 300 Shire Way, Lexington, MA 02421, United States.
| | - Neal J Weinreb
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Medicine (Hematology), UHealth Sylvester Coral Springs, 8170 Royal Palm Boulevard, Coral Springs, FL 33065, United States.
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Medical Genetics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bldg 35A Room 1E623, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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Amico G, Grossi S, Vijzelaar R, Lanza F, Mazzotti R, Corsolini F, Ketema M, Filocamo M. MLPA-based approach for initial and simultaneous detection of GBA deletions and recombinant alleles in patients affected by Gaucher Disease. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 119:329-337. [PMID: 27802905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The chromosomal region, in which the GBA gene is located, is structurally subject to misalignments, reciprocal and nonreciprocal homologous recombination events, leading to structural defects such as deletions, duplications and gene-pseudogene complex rearrangements causing Gaucher Disease (GD). Interestingly deletions and duplications, belonging to the heterogeneous group of structural defects collectively termed Copy Number Variations (CNVs), together with gene-pseudogene complex rearrangements represent the main cause of pitfalls in GD mutational analysis. In the present study, we set up and validate a Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA)-based approach to simultaneously investigate the potential occurrence of CNVs and complex rearrangements in 8 unrelated GD patients who had still not-well-characterized or uncharacterized alleles. The findings allowed us to complete the mutational analysis in 4 patients, identifying a rare deletion (g.-3100_+834del3934) and 2 novel recombinant alleles (g.4356_7031conJ03060.1:g.2544_4568; g.1942_7319conJ03060.1:g.1092_4856). These results demonstrate the diagnostic usefulness of MLPA in the detection of GBA deletions and recombinations. In addition, MLPA findings have also served as a basis for developing molecular approaches to precisely pinpoint the breakpoints and characterize the underlying mechanism of copy number variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Amico
- Centro di Diagnostica Genetica e Biochimica delle Malattie Metaboliche, Istituto G. Gaslini, Via Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy.
| | - Serena Grossi
- Centro di Diagnostica Genetica e Biochimica delle Malattie Metaboliche, Istituto G. Gaslini, Via Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy.
| | - Raymon Vijzelaar
- MRC-Holland, Willem Schoutenstraat 1, 1057 DL Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Federica Lanza
- Centro di Diagnostica Genetica e Biochimica delle Malattie Metaboliche, Istituto G. Gaslini, Via Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Mazzotti
- Centro di Diagnostica Genetica e Biochimica delle Malattie Metaboliche, Istituto G. Gaslini, Via Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy.
| | - Fabio Corsolini
- Centro di Diagnostica Genetica e Biochimica delle Malattie Metaboliche, Istituto G. Gaslini, Via Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy.
| | - Mirjam Ketema
- MRC-Holland, Willem Schoutenstraat 1, 1057 DL Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Mirella Filocamo
- Centro di Diagnostica Genetica e Biochimica delle Malattie Metaboliche, Istituto G. Gaslini, Via Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy.
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Spataro N, Roca-Umbert A, Cervera-Carles L, Vallès M, Anglada R, Pagonabarraga J, Pascual-Sedano B, Campolongo A, Kulisevsky J, Casals F, Clarimón J, Bosch E. Detection of genomic rearrangements from targeted resequencing data in Parkinson's disease patients. Mov Disord 2016; 32:165-169. [PMID: 28124432 PMCID: PMC5297984 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The analysis of coverage depth in next‐generation sequencing data allows the detection of gene dose alterations. We explore the frequency of such structural events in a Spanish cohort of sporadic PD cases. Methods Gene dose alterations were detected with the eXome‐Hidden Markov Model (XHMM) software from depth of coverage in resequencing data available for 38 Mendelian and other risk PD loci in 394 individuals (249 cases and 145 controls) and subsequently validated by quantitative PCR. Results We identified 10 PD patients with exon dosage alterations in PARK2, GBA‐GBAP1, and DJ1. Additional functional variants, including 2 novel nonsense mutations (p.Arg1552Ter in LRRK2 and p.Trp90Ter in PINK1), were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. This combined approach disclosed the genetic cause of 12 PD cases. Conclusions Gene dose alterations related to PD can be correctly identified from targeting resequencing data. This approach substantially improves the detection rate of cases with causal genetic alterations. © 2016 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nino Spataro
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Roca-Umbert
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Cervera-Carles
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Networking Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mònica Vallès
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Anglada
- Genomics Core Facility, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Pagonabarraga
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Networking Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Berta Pascual-Sedano
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Networking Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Health Sciences Department, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Antònia Campolongo
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Networking Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Health Sciences Department, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jaime Kulisevsky
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Networking Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Health Sciences Department, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ferran Casals
- Genomics Core Facility, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Clarimón
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Networking Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Bosch
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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Dandana A, Ben Khelifa S, Chahed H, Miled A, Ferchichi S. Gaucher Disease: Clinical, Biological and Therapeutic Aspects. Pathobiology 2015; 83:13-23. [PMID: 26588331 DOI: 10.1159/000440865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a brief review of Gaucher disease (GD), the most common lysosomal storage disease. GD is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the defective function of the catabolic enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase (GBA), leading to an accumulation of its substrate, glucocerebroside. Clinical signs and symptoms include neurological dysfunctions, bone infarcts and malformations, hepatosplenomegaly and hypersplenism leading to anemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Enzyme replacement therapy with recombinant GBA is the mainstay of treatment for GD, which became the first successfully managed lipid storage disease. Future treatments may include oral enzyme replacement and/or gene therapy interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Dandana
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
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Aggarwal S, Jain SJMN, Bhowmik AD, Tandon A, Dalal A. Molecular studies on parents after autopsy identify recombinant GBA gene in a case of Gaucher disease with ichthyosis phenotype. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:2858-60. [PMID: 26172087 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shagun Aggarwal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India.,Diagnostics Division, Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Aneek D Bhowmik
- Diagnostics Division, Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ashwani Tandon
- Department of Pathology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ashwin Dalal
- Diagnostics Division, Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
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Mistry PK, Belmatoug N, vom Dahl S, Giugliani R. Understanding the natural history of Gaucher disease. Am J Hematol 2015; 90 Suppl 1:S6-11. [PMID: 26096746 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher disease is a rare and extraordinarily heterogeneous inborn error of metabolism that exhibits diverse manifestations, a broad range of age of onset of symptoms, and a wide clinical spectrum of disease severity, from lethal disease during infancy to first age of onset of symptoms in octogenarians. Before the advent of the International Collaborative Gaucher Group (ICGG) Gaucher Registry, the understanding of the natural history and phenotypic range of Gaucher disease was based on isolated case reports and small case series. Limited data hindered understanding of the full spectrum of the disease leading to some early misconceptions about Gaucher disease, notably, that nonneuronopathic (type 1) disease was a disease of adults only. The global scope of the ICGG Gaucher Registry, with its vast body of longitudinal data, has enabled a real appreciation of both the phenotypic spectrum of Gaucher disease and its natural history. This body of evidence represents the foundation for accurate assessment of the response to specific therapies for Gaucher disease and to the development of standard-of-care to monitor disease activity. Here, we outline the key developments in delineating the natural history of this highly complex disease and role of the ICGG Gaucher Registry in this effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod K. Mistry
- Department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven Connecticut, USA
| | - Nadia Belmatoug
- Department of Internal Medicine; Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases; Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux De Paris France
| | - Stephan vom Dahl
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases; University Hospital, University of Düesseldorf; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Department of Genetics/UFRGS and INAGEMP; Medical Genetics Service/HCPA; Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
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46
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Complexity of Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Mendelian Disorders: Lessons from Gaucher Disease. Rare Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9214-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Increased glucocerebrosidase expression and activity in preeclamptic placenta. Placenta 2014; 36:160-9. [PMID: 25552189 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lysosomal glucosidase beta acid (GBA) deficiency is inherent to Gaucher disease, Parkinsonism and Lewy-body dementia. Increased GBA expression has never been associated with human disease. We describe increased GBA expression and activity in placenta from preeclamptic pregnancies. METHODS 112 placenta biopsies were available for qPCR, analysis of GBA gene expression and activity. Microanalysis was performed on 20 placenta samples. Alternatively spliced placental GBA transcripts were cloned, expressed in HEK293 cells and analyzed by Western blot and activity assay. RESULTS GBA is expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast layer of human placenta already at 5 weeks of gestation. We identified five novel GBA transcripts in placenta that enzymatically inactive when expressed in HEK293 cells. Both GBA RNA expression and enzymatic activity are upregulated in preeclamptic placenta. Microarray analysis of 20 placenta tissues identified 158 genes co-regulating with GBA expression and gene enrichment analysis highlights lysosomal function. In our micro-array data GBA expression does not correlate with FLT1 expression, currently the most powerful marker for preeclampsia. There are 89 transcripts that are negatively correlated with GBA expression of which BMP4 and TFEB are interesting as they are essential to early placenta function. DISCUSSION Although very speculative, we hypothesize that increased GBA expression might relate to placentation through decreased BMP4 signaling or vascularization through downregulation of TFEB. Ceramide, the product of hydrolysis of glucosylceramide by GBA and involved in the regulation of cell differentiation, survival and apoptosis, is another putative candidate linking increased GBA activity to preeclampsia. Both pathways merit further investigation.
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Tammachote R, Tongkobpetch S, Srichomthong C, Phipatthanananti K, Pungkanon S, Wattanasirichaigoon D, Suphapeetiporn K, Shotelersuk V. A common and two novel GBA mutations in Thai patients with Gaucher disease. J Hum Genet 2013; 58:594-9. [PMID: 23719189 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2013.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene, leading to a deficiency of lysosomal β-glucosidase and accumulation of glycosphingolipids in macrophages. We studied five Thai families with GD (four with GD type 1 and one with GD type 2). Using long-template PCR, PCR using specific primers for the functional gene, direct sequencing of all coding regions of GBA and restriction enzyme digestions, all 10 mutant alleles were successfully identified. The common c.1448T>C (p.L483P or L444P) mutation was identified in 60% of mutant alleles. Of the two patients homozygous for the p.L483P (L444P) mutation, one died from hepatic failure at age 16 years and the other died from sepsis at age 12 years. This p.L483P (L444P) mutation was found in four different haplotypes, suggesting that it was a recurrent mutation, not caused by a founder effect. Two novel mutations, a missense (c.1204T>C, p.Y402H), and a termination codon mutation (c.1609T>C, p.X537A) were found. Studies to determine the molecular pathomechanism of the p.X537A mutation, the first of its kind in this gene, showed that it decreased the amount of protein being expressed and the enzymatic activity, while it was still correctly localized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachaneekorn Tammachote
- 1] Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand [2] Department of Pediatrics, Center of Excellence for Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Abstract
Mutations in the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene, which encodes the lysosomal enzyme that is deficient in Gaucher's disease, are important and common risk factors for Parkinson's disease and related disorders. This association was first recognised in the clinic, where parkinsonism was noted, albeit rarely, in patients with Gaucher's disease and more frequently in relatives who were obligate carriers. Subsequently, findings from large studies showed that patients with Parkinson's disease and associated Lewy body disorders had an increased frequency of GBA mutations when compared with control individuals. Patients with GBA-associated parkinsonism exhibit varying parkinsonian phenotypes but tend to have an earlier age of onset and more associated cognitive changes than patients with parkinsonism without GBA mutations. Hypotheses proposed to explain this association include a gain-of-function due to mutations in glucocerebrosidase that promotes α-synuclein aggregation; substrate accumulation due to enzymatic loss-of-function, which affects α-synuclein processing and clearance; and a bidirectional feedback loop. Identification of the pathological mechanisms underlying GBA-associated parkinsonism will improve our understanding of the genetics, pathophysiology, and treatment for both rare and common neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Sidransky
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Saranjam H, Chopra SS, Levy H, Stubblefield BK, Maniwang E, Cohen IJ, Baris H, Sidransky E, Tayebi N. A germline or de novo mutation in two families with Gaucher disease: implications for recessive disorders. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 21:115-7. [PMID: 22713811 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive storage disorder that most commonly results from the inheritance of one identifiable mutant glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) allele from each parent. Here, we report two cases of type 2 GD resulting from the inheritance of one identifiable paternal mutant allele and one allele that likely resulted from a maternal germline mutation. Germline mutations or mosiacism are not generally associated with autosomal recessive disorders. The probands from the two unrelated families had the same maternal mutation, leu444pro, that we propose resulted from a de novo maternal germline mutation occurring at this known 'hotspot' for mutation. This first report of a germline mutation for a common point mutation leu444pro (c.1448 T>C;p.leu483pro) in GD has significant implications for molecular diagnostics and genetic counseling in recessive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Saranjam
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-3708, USA
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