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Kantaputra P, Daroontum T, Kitiyamas K, Piyakhunakorn P, Kawasaki K, Sathienkijkanchai A, Wasant P, Vatanavicharn N, Yasanga T, Kaewgahya M, Tongsima S, Cox TC, Arold ST, Ohazama A, Ngamphiw C. Homozygosity for a Rare Plec Variant Suggests a Contributory Role in Congenital Insensitivity to Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6358. [PMID: 38928066 PMCID: PMC11203604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Congenital insensitivity to pain is a rare human condition in which affected individuals do not experience pain throughout their lives. This study aimed to identify the molecular etiology of congenital insensitivity to pain in two Thai patients. Clinical, radiographic, histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular studies were performed. Patients were found to have congenital insensitivity to pain, self-mutilation, acro-osteolysis, cornea scars, reduced temperature sensation, tooth agenesis, root maldevelopment, and underdeveloped maxilla and mandible. The skin biopsies revealed fewer axons, decreased vimentin expression, and absent neurofilament expression, indicating lack of dermal nerves. Whole exome and Sanger sequencing identified a rare homozygous variant c.4039C>T; p.Arg1347Cys in the plakin domain of Plec, a cytolinker protein. This p.Arg1347Cys variant is in the spectrin repeat 9 region of the plakin domain, a region not previously found to harbor pathogenic missense variants in other plectinopathies. The substitution with a cysteine is expected to decrease the stability of the spectrin repeat 9 unit of the plakin domain. Whole mount in situ hybridization and an immunohistochemical study suggested that Plec is important for the development of maxilla and mandible, cornea, and distal phalanges. Additionally, the presence of dental anomalies in these patients further supports the potential involvement of Plec in tooth development. This is the first report showing the association between the Plec variant and congenital insensitivity to pain in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piranit Kantaputra
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.K.); (M.K.)
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Teerada Daroontum
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Kantapong Kitiyamas
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.K.); (M.K.)
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Panat Piyakhunakorn
- Panare Hospital, Dental Public Health Division, Panare District, Surat Thani 94130, Thailand;
| | - Katsushige Kawasaki
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan; (K.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Achara Sathienkijkanchai
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 73170, Thailand; (A.S.); (P.W.); (N.V.)
| | - Pornswan Wasant
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 73170, Thailand; (A.S.); (P.W.); (N.V.)
| | - Nithiwat Vatanavicharn
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 73170, Thailand; (A.S.); (P.W.); (N.V.)
| | - Thippawan Yasanga
- Medical Science Research Equipment Center, Research Administration Section, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Massupa Kaewgahya
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Sissades Tongsima
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (S.T.); (C.N.)
| | - Timothy C. Cox
- Departments of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA;
| | - Stefan T. Arold
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Atsushi Ohazama
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan; (K.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Chumpol Ngamphiw
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (S.T.); (C.N.)
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2
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Sapio MR, King DM, Staedtler ES, Maric D, Jahanipour J, Kurochkina NA, Manalo AP, Ghetti A, Mannes AJ, Iadarola MJ. Expression pattern analysis and characterization of the hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy 2 A (HSAN2A) gene with no lysine kinase (WNK1) in human dorsal root ganglion. Exp Neurol 2023; 370:114552. [PMID: 37793538 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Inherited painless neuropathies arise due to genetic insults that either block the normal signaling of or destroy the sensory afferent neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) responsible for transducing noxious stimuli. Complete loss of these neurons leads to profound insensitivity to all sensory modalities including pain. Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 2 (HSNAII) is a rare genetic neuropathy characterized by a progressive distal early onset sensory loss. This syndrome is caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the with-no-lysine protein kinase 1 (WNK1) serine-threonine kinase gene. Of interest, disease-associated mutations are found in the large exon, termed "HSN2," which encodes a 498 amino acid domain C-terminal to the kinase domain. These mutations lead to truncation of the HSN2-containing proteins through the addition of an early stop codon (nonsense mutation) leading to loss of the C-terminal domains of this large protein. The present study evaluates the transcripts, gene structure, and protein structure of HSN2-containing WNK1 splice variants in DRG and spinal cord in order to establish the basal expression patterns of WNK1 and HSN2-containing WNK1 splice variants using multiplex fluorescent situ hybridization. We hypothesized that these transcripts would be enriched in pain-sensing DRG neurons, and, potentially, that enrichment in nociceptive neurons was responsible for the painless phenotypes observed. However, our in-depth analyses revealed that the HSN2-WNK1 splice variants were ubiquitously expressed but were not enriched in tachykinin 1-expressing C-fiber neurons, a class of neurons with a highly nociceptive character. We subsequently identified other subpopulations of DRG neurons with higher levels of HSN2-WNK1 expression, including mechanosensory large fibers. These data are inconsistent with the hypothesis that this transcript is enriched in nociceptive fibers, and instead suggest it may be related to general axon maintenance, or that nociceptive fibers are more sensitive to the genetic insult. These findings clarify the molecular and cellular expression pattern of this painless neuropathy gene in human tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Sapio
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Diana M King
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ellen S Staedtler
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dragan Maric
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Flow and Imaging Cytometry Core Facility, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jahandar Jahanipour
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Flow and Imaging Cytometry Core Facility, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Allison P Manalo
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Andrew J Mannes
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael J Iadarola
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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3
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Chi RPA, Xu X, Li JL, Xu X, Hu G, Brown P, Willson C, Kirsanov O, Geyer C, Huang CL, Morgan M, DeMayo F. WNK1 is required during male pachynema to sustain fertility. iScience 2023; 26:107616. [PMID: 37694147 PMCID: PMC10485039 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
WNK1 is an important regulator in many physiological functions, yet its role in male reproduction is unexplored. In the male germline, WNK1 is upregulated in preleptotene spermatocytes indicating possible function(s) in spermatogenic meiosis. Indeed, deletion of Wnk1 in mid-pachytene spermatocytes using the Wnt7a-Cre mouse led to male sterility which resembled non-obstructive azoospermia in humans, where germ cells failed to complete spermatogenesis and produced no sperm. Mechanistically, we found elevated MTOR expression and signaling in the Wnk1-depleted spermatocytes. As MTOR is a central mediator of translation, we speculated that translation may be accelerated in these spermatocytes. Supporting this, we found the acrosome protein, ACRBP to be prematurely expressed in the spermatocytes with Wnk1 deletion. Our study uncovered an MTOR-regulating factor in the male germline with potential implications in translation, and future studies will aim to understand how WNK1 regulates MTOR activity and impact translation on a broader spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-pin Alicia Chi
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Xiaojiang Xu
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jian-Liang Li
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Guang Hu
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Paula Brown
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Cynthia Willson
- Integrated Laboratory Systems LLC, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Oleksandr Kirsanov
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology at the Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Christopher Geyer
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology at the Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Chou-Long Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa, IA 52242, USA
| | - Marcos Morgan
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Francesco DeMayo
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC 27709, USA
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4
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Hegde A, Kamath SH, Mane PP, Shetty CB. Case of bilateral hip joint Charcot arthropathy in a paediatric patient. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e252420. [PMID: 36593076 PMCID: PMC9809251 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-252420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An adolescent girl came with swelling of both thighs with difficulty in walking for a few months. Based on clinical, and radiological evaluation and nerve conduction studies, she was diagnosed to be having bilateral hips Charcot's arthropathy due to hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy type 4. Other common causes of Charcot arthropathy were ruled out. The patient was conservatively managed and parents were educated about preventive measures. Through this case report, we want to highlight the myriad number of manifestations and clinical presentations of a child presenting with hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy type 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atmananda Hegde
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shruthi H Kamath
- Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education(MAHE), Manipal, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prajwal Prabhudev Mane
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Chethan B Shetty
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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5
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Sinha AS, Wang T, Watanabe M, Hosoi Y, Sohara E, Akita T, Uchida S, Fukuda A. WNK3 kinase maintains neuronal excitability by reducing inwardly rectifying K+ conductance in layer V pyramidal neurons of mouse medial prefrontal cortex. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:856262. [PMID: 36311015 PMCID: PMC9613442 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.856262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The with-no-lysine (WNK) family of serine-threonine kinases and its downstream kinases of STE20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK) and oxidative stress-responsive kinase-1 (OSR1) may regulate intracellular Cl− homeostasis through phosphorylation of cation-Cl− co-transporters. WNK3 is expressed in fetal and postnatal brains, and its expression level increases during development. Its roles in neurons, however, remain uncertain. Using WNK3 knockout (KO) mice, we investigated the role of WNK3 in the regulation of the intracellular Cl− concentration ([Cl−]i) and the excitability of layer V pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Gramicidin-perforated patch-clamp recordings in neurons from acute slice preparation at the postnatal day 21 indicated a significantly depolarized reversal potential for GABAA receptor-mediated currents by 6 mV, corresponding to the higher [Cl−]i level by ~4 mM in KO mice than in wild-type littermates. However, phosphorylation levels of SPAK and OSR1 and those of neuronal Na+-K+-2Cl− co-transporter NKCC1 and K+-Cl− co-transporter KCC2 did not significantly differ between KO and wild-type mice. Meanwhile, the resting membrane potential of neurons was more hyperpolarized by 7 mV, and the minimum stimulus current necessary for firing induction was increased in KO mice. These were due to an increased inwardly rectifying K+ (IRK) conductance, mediated by classical inwardly rectifying (Kir) channels, in KO neurons. The introduction of an active form of WNK3 into the recording neurons reversed these changes. The potential role of KCC2 function in the observed changes of KO neurons was investigated by applying a selective KCC2 activator, CLP290. This reversed the enhanced IRK conductance in KO neurons, indicating that both WNK3 and KCC2 are intimately linked in the regulation of resting K+ conductance. Evaluation of synaptic properties revealed that the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) was reduced, whereas that of inhibitory currents (mIPSCs) was slightly increased in KO neurons. Together, the impact of these developmental changes on the membrane and synaptic properties was manifested as behavioral deficits in pre-pulse inhibition, a measure of sensorimotor gating involving multiple brain regions including the mPFC, in KO mice. Thus, the basal function of WNK3 would be the maintenance and/or development of both intrinsic and synaptic excitabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adya Saran Sinha
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tianying Wang
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Miho Watanabe
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hosoi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Eisei Sohara
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tenpei Akita
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Shinichi Uchida
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuo Fukuda
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- *Correspondence: Atsuo Fukuda
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6
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Küry S, Zhang J, Besnard T, Caro-Llopis A, Zeng X, Robert SM, Josiah SS, Kiziltug E, Denommé-Pichon AS, Cogné B, Kundishora AJ, Hao LT, Li H, Stevenson RE, Louie RJ, Deb W, Torti E, Vignard V, McWalter K, Raymond FL, Rajabi F, Ranza E, Grozeva D, Coury SA, Blanc X, Brischoux-Boucher E, Keren B, Õunap K, Reinson K, Ilves P, Wentzensen IM, Barr EE, Guihard SH, Charles P, Seaby EG, Monaghan KG, Rio M, van Bever Y, van Slegtenhorst M, Chung WK, Wilson A, Quinquis D, Bréhéret F, Retterer K, Lindenbaum P, Scalais E, Rhodes L, Stouffs K, Pereira EM, Berger SM, Milla SS, Jaykumar AB, Cobb MH, Panchagnula S, Duy PQ, Vincent M, Mercier S, Gilbert-Dussardier B, Le Guillou X, Audebert-Bellanger S, Odent S, Schmitt S, Boisseau P, Bonneau D, Toutain A, Colin E, Pasquier L, Redon R, Bouman A, Rosenfeld JA, Friez MJ, Pérez-Peña H, Akhtar Rizvi SR, Haider S, Antonarakis SE, Schwartz CE, Martínez F, Bézieau S, Kahle KT, Isidor B. Rare pathogenic variants in WNK3 cause X-linked intellectual disability. Genet Med 2022; 24:1941-1951. [PMID: 35678782 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE WNK3 kinase (PRKWNK3) has been implicated in the development and function of the brain via its regulation of the cation-chloride cotransporters, but the role of WNK3 in human development is unknown. METHOD We ascertained exome or genome sequences of individuals with rare familial or sporadic forms of intellectual disability (ID). RESULTS We identified a total of 6 different maternally-inherited, hemizygous, 3 loss-of-function or 3 pathogenic missense variants (p.Pro204Arg, p.Leu300Ser, p.Glu607Val) in WNK3 in 14 male individuals from 6 unrelated families. Affected individuals had ID with variable presence of epilepsy and structural brain defects. WNK3 variants cosegregated with the disease in 3 different families with multiple affected individuals. This included 1 large family previously diagnosed with X-linked Prieto syndrome. WNK3 pathogenic missense variants localize to the catalytic domain and impede the inhibitory phosphorylation of the neuronal-specific chloride cotransporter KCC2 at threonine 1007, a site critically regulated during the development of synaptic inhibition. CONCLUSION Pathogenic WNK3 variants cause a rare form of human X-linked ID with variable epilepsy and structural brain abnormalities and implicate impaired phospho-regulation of KCC2 as a pathogenic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Küry
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes, France; Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France.
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Hatherly Laboratories, The Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT; State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Research Center of Chemical Kinomics, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Thomas Besnard
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes, France; Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Alfonso Caro-Llopis
- Unidad de Genética, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Xue Zeng
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Stephanie M Robert
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Sunday S Josiah
- Hatherly Laboratories, The Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Emre Kiziltug
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Anne-Sophie Denommé-Pichon
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Angers, Angers, France; UMR CNRS 6214, INSERM 1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Benjamin Cogné
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes, France; Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Adam J Kundishora
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Le T Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Hong Li
- Departments of Human Genetics and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | - Wallid Deb
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes, France; Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | | | - Virginie Vignard
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | | | - F Lucy Raymond
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Biomedical Campus Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Farrah Rajabi
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Emmanuelle Ranza
- Medigenome, Swiss Institute of Genomic Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Detelina Grozeva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Biomedical Campus Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie A Coury
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Xavier Blanc
- Medigenome, Swiss Institute of Genomic Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elise Brischoux-Boucher
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, CHU de Besançon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Boris Keren
- Department of Genetics, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Katrin Õunap
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Genetics and Personalized Medicine Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Karit Reinson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Genetics and Personalized Medicine Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pilvi Ilves
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Radiology, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Eileen E Barr
- Departments of Human Genetics and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Solveig Heide Guihard
- Department of Genetics, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Groupe de Recherche Clinique, Déficience Intellectuelle et Autisme, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Perrine Charles
- Department of Genetics, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Eleanor G Seaby
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Genomic Informatics Group, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marlène Rio
- Developmental Brain Disorders laboratory, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France; Department of Genetics, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Yolande van Bever
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjon van Slegtenhorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University New York, NY
| | - Ashley Wilson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Delphine Quinquis
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes, France
| | - Flora Bréhéret
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes, France
| | | | - Pierre Lindenbaum
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Emmanuel Scalais
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | | | - Katrien Stouffs
- Neurogenetics Research Group, Reproduction and Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elaine M Pereira
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Sara M Berger
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Sarah S Milla
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ankita B Jaykumar
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Melanie H Cobb
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Shreyas Panchagnula
- Unidad de Genética, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Phan Q Duy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Marie Vincent
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes, France; Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Sandra Mercier
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes, France; Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | | | | | | | - Sylvie Odent
- Service de Génétique Clinique, ERN ITHACA, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France; Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, IGDR UMR 6290 CNRS, INSERM, IGDR Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Sébastien Schmitt
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Boisseau
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes, France
| | - Dominique Bonneau
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Angers, Angers, France; UMR CNRS 6214, INSERM 1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Annick Toutain
- Unité de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Tours, France
| | - Estelle Colin
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Angers, Angers, France; UMR CNRS 6214, INSERM 1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Laurent Pasquier
- Service de Génétique Clinique, ERN ITHACA, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France; Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, IGDR UMR 6290 CNRS, INSERM, IGDR Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Richard Redon
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Arjan Bouman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Helena Pérez-Peña
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Syed Raza Akhtar Rizvi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shozeb Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Advanced Research Computing, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stylianos E Antonarakis
- Medigenome, Swiss Institute of Genomic Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Francisco Martínez
- Unidad de Genética, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes, France; Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Kristopher T Kahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT; NIH-Yale Centers for Mendelian Genomics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes, France; Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
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7
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Lischka A, Lassuthova P, Çakar A, Record CJ, Van Lent J, Baets J, Dohrn MF, Senderek J, Lampert A, Bennett DL, Wood JN, Timmerman V, Hornemann T, Auer-Grumbach M, Parman Y, Hübner CA, Elbracht M, Eggermann K, Geoffrey Woods C, Cox JJ, Reilly MM, Kurth I. Genetic pain loss disorders. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2022; 8:41. [PMID: 35710757 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-022-00365-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Genetic pain loss includes congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP), hereditary sensory neuropathies and, if autonomic nerves are involved, hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN). This heterogeneous group of disorders highlights the essential role of nociception in protecting against tissue damage. Patients with genetic pain loss have recurrent injuries, burns and poorly healing wounds as disease hallmarks. CIP and HSAN are caused by pathogenic genetic variants in >20 genes that lead to developmental defects, neurodegeneration or altered neuronal excitability of peripheral damage-sensing neurons. These genetic variants lead to hyperactivity of sodium channels, disturbed haem metabolism, altered clathrin-mediated transport and impaired gene regulatory mechanisms affecting epigenetic marks, long non-coding RNAs and repetitive elements. Therapies for pain loss disorders are mainly symptomatic but the first targeted therapies are being tested. Conversely, chronic pain remains one of the greatest unresolved medical challenges, and the genes and mechanisms associated with pain loss offer new targets for analgesics. Given the progress that has been made, the coming years are promising both in terms of targeted treatments for pain loss disorders and the development of innovative pain medicines based on knowledge of these genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Lischka
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Petra Lassuthova
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Arman Çakar
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Christopher J Record
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Jonas Van Lent
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium.,Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maike F Dohrn
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jan Senderek
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika Lampert
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - David L Bennett
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - John N Wood
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Auer-Grumbach
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yesim Parman
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Miriam Elbracht
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katja Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - C Geoffrey Woods
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - James J Cox
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mary M Reilly
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Ingo Kurth
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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8
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Izadifar A, Courchet J, Virga DM, Verreet T, Hamilton S, Ayaz D, Misbaer A, Vandenbogaerde S, Monteiro L, Petrovic M, Sachse S, Yan B, Erfurth ML, Dascenco D, Kise Y, Yan J, Edwards-Faret G, Lewis T, Polleux F, Schmucker D. Axon morphogenesis and maintenance require an evolutionary conserved safeguard function of Wnk kinases antagonizing Sarm and Axed. Neuron 2021; 109:2864-2883.e8. [PMID: 34384519 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying complex axon morphogenesis are still poorly understood. We report a novel, evolutionary conserved function for the Drosophila Wnk kinase (dWnk) and its mammalian orthologs, WNK1 and 2, in axon branching. We uncover that dWnk, together with the neuroprotective factor Nmnat, antagonizes the axon-destabilizing factors D-Sarm and Axundead (Axed) during axon branch growth, revealing a developmental function for these proteins. Overexpression of D-Sarm or Axed results in axon branching defects, which can be blocked by overexpression of dWnk or Nmnat. Surprisingly, Wnk kinases are also required for axon maintenance of adult Drosophila and mouse cortical pyramidal neurons. Requirement of Wnk for axon maintenance is independent of its developmental function. Inactivation of dWnk or mouse Wnk1/2 in mature neurons leads to axon degeneration in the adult brain. Therefore, Wnk kinases are novel signaling components that provide a safeguard function in both developing and adult axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Izadifar
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), Bonn, Germany; VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julien Courchet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5310, INSERM U-1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; Department of Neuroscience, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Daniel M Virga
- Department of Neuroscience, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tine Verreet
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stevie Hamilton
- Department of Neuroscience, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Derya Ayaz
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anke Misbaer
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Vandenbogaerde
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laloe Monteiro
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5310, INSERM U-1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Milan Petrovic
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sonja Sachse
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bing Yan
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria-Luise Erfurth
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dan Dascenco
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jiekun Yan
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabriela Edwards-Faret
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), Bonn, Germany; VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tommy Lewis
- Department of Neuroscience, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Franck Polleux
- Department of Neuroscience, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Dietmar Schmucker
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), Bonn, Germany; VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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9
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Lucchese G, Jahantigh HR, De Benedictis L, Lovreglio P, Stufano A. An Epitope Platform for Safe and Effective HTLV-1-Immunization: Potential Applications for mRNA and Peptide-Based Vaccines. Viruses 2021; 13:1461. [PMID: 34452327 PMCID: PMC8402675 DOI: 10.3390/v13081461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection affects millions of individuals worldwide and can lead to severe leukemia, myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, and numerous other disorders. Pursuing a safe and effective immunotherapeutic approach, we compared the viral polyprotein and the human proteome with a sliding window approach in order to identify oligopeptide sequences unique to the virus. The immunological relevance of the viral unique oligopeptides was assessed by searching them in the immune epitope database (IEDB). We found that HTLV-1 has 15 peptide stretches each consisting of uniquely viral non-human pentapeptides which are ideal candidate for a safe and effective anti-HTLV-1 vaccine. Indeed, experimentally validated HTLV-1 epitopes, as retrieved from the IEDB, contain peptide sequences also present in a vast number of human proteins, thus potentially instituting the basis for cross-reactions. We found a potential for cross-reactivity between the virus and the human proteome and described an epitope platform to be used in order to avoid it, thus obtaining effective, specific, and safe immunization. Potential advantages for mRNA and peptide-based vaccine formulations are discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Databases, Genetic
- Epitope Mapping
- Epitopes/chemistry
- Epitopes/genetics
- Epitopes/immunology
- HTLV-I Infections/immunology
- HTLV-I Infections/prevention & control
- HTLV-I Infections/virology
- Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/chemistry
- Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/genetics
- Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/immunology
- Humans
- Immunization
- RNA, Messenger/chemistry
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/chemistry
- Vaccines, Subunit/genetics
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/chemistry
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/chemistry
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- mRNA Vaccines/chemistry
- mRNA Vaccines/genetics
- mRNA Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Lucchese
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hamid Reza Jahantigh
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (H.R.J.); (L.D.B.); (P.L.); (A.S.)
- Animal Health and Zoonosis Doctoral Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Leonarda De Benedictis
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (H.R.J.); (L.D.B.); (P.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Piero Lovreglio
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (H.R.J.); (L.D.B.); (P.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Angela Stufano
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (H.R.J.); (L.D.B.); (P.L.); (A.S.)
- Animal Health and Zoonosis Doctoral Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy
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10
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Ghosh S, Tourtellotte WG. The Complex Clinical and Genetic Landscape of Hereditary Peripheral Neuropathy. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2021; 16:487-509. [PMID: 33497257 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-030320-100822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary peripheral neuropathy (HPN) is a complex group of neurological disorders caused by mutations in genes expressed by neurons and Schwann cells. The inheritance of a single mutation or multiple mutations in several genes leads to disease phenotype. Patients exhibit symptoms during development, at an early age or later in adulthood. Most of the mechanistic understanding about these neuropathies comes from animal models and histopathological analyses of postmortem human tissues. Diagnosis is often very complex due to the heterogeneity and overlap in symptoms and the frequent overlap between various genes and different mutations they possess. Some symptoms in HPN are common through different subtypes such as axonal degeneration, demyelination, and loss of motor and sensory neurons, leading to similar physiologic abnormalities. Recent advances in gene-targeted therapies, genetic engineering, and next-generation sequencing have augmented our understanding of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms of HPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Ghosh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Neurology, and Neurological Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA;
| | - Warren G Tourtellotte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Neurology, and Neurological Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA;
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11
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Palma JA, Yadav R, Gao D, Norcliffe-Kaufmann L, Slaugenhaupt S, Kaufmann H. Expanding the Genotypic Spectrum of Congenital Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathies Using Whole-Exome Sequencing. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2021; 7:e568. [PMID: 33884296 PMCID: PMC8054964 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective To test the hypothesis that many patients presenting with congenital insensitivity to pain have lesser known or unidentified mutations not captured by conventional genetic panels, we performed whole-exome sequencing in a cohort of well-characterized patients with a clinical diagnosis of congenital hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy with unrevealing conventional genetic testing. Methods We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in 13 patients with congenital impaired or absent sensation to pain and temperature with no identified molecular diagnosis from a conventional genetic panel. Patients underwent a comprehensive phenotypic assessment including autonomic function testing, and neurologic and ophthalmologic examinations. Results We identified known or likely pathogenic genetic causes of congenital insensitivity to pain in all 13 patients, spanning 9 genes, the vast majority of which were inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. These included known pathogenic variants (3 patients harboring mutations in TECPR2 and SCN11A), suspected pathogenic variants in genes described to cause congenital sensory and autonomic syndromes (7 patients harboring variants in NGF, LIFR, SCN9A, and PRDM12), and likely pathogenic variants in novel genes (4 patients harboring variants in SMPDL3A, PLEKHN1, and SCN10A). Conclusions Our results expand the genetic landscape of congenital sensory and autonomic neuropathies. Further validation of some identified variants should confirm their pathogenicity. WES should be clinically considered to expedite diagnosis, reduce laboratory investigations, and guide enrollment in future gene therapy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose-Alberto Palma
- New York University School of Medicine (J.-A.P., L.N.-K., H.K.), New York, NY; and Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute (R.Y., D.G., S.S), Boston
| | - Rachita Yadav
- New York University School of Medicine (J.-A.P., L.N.-K., H.K.), New York, NY; and Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute (R.Y., D.G., S.S), Boston
| | - Dadi Gao
- New York University School of Medicine (J.-A.P., L.N.-K., H.K.), New York, NY; and Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute (R.Y., D.G., S.S), Boston
| | - Lucy Norcliffe-Kaufmann
- New York University School of Medicine (J.-A.P., L.N.-K., H.K.), New York, NY; and Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute (R.Y., D.G., S.S), Boston
| | - Susan Slaugenhaupt
- New York University School of Medicine (J.-A.P., L.N.-K., H.K.), New York, NY; and Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute (R.Y., D.G., S.S), Boston
| | - Horacio Kaufmann
- New York University School of Medicine (J.-A.P., L.N.-K., H.K.), New York, NY; and Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute (R.Y., D.G., S.S), Boston
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12
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Chi RPA, Wang T, Huang CL, Wu SP, Young SL, Lydon JP, DeMayo FJ. WNK1 regulates uterine homeostasis and its ability to support pregnancy. JCI Insight 2020; 5:141832. [PMID: 33048843 PMCID: PMC7710275 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
WNK1 (with no lysine [K] kinase 1) is an atypical kinase protein ubiquitously expressed in humans and mice. A mutation in its encoding gene causes hypertension in humans, which is associated with abnormal ion homeostasis. WNK1 is critical for in vitro decidualization in human endometrial stromal cells, thereby demonstrating its importance in female reproduction. Using a mouse model, WNK1 was ablated in the female reproductive tract to define its in vivo role in uterine biology. Loss of WNK1 altered uterine morphology, causing endometrial epithelial hyperplasia, adenomyotic features, and a delay in embryo implantation, ultimately resulting in compromised fertility. Combining transcriptomic, proteomic, and interactomic analyses revealed a potentially novel regulatory pathway whereby WNK1 represses AKT phosphorylation through protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in endometrial cells from both humans and mice. We show that WNK1 interacted with PPP2R1A, the alpha isoform of the PP2A scaffold subunit. This maintained the levels of PP2A subunits and stabilized its activity, which then dephosphorylated AKT. Therefore, loss of WNK1 reduced PP2A activity, causing AKT hypersignaling. Using FOXO1 as a readout of AKT activity, we demonstrate that there was escalated FOXO1 phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion, leading to a disruption in the expression of genes that are crucial for embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tianyuan Wang
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chou-Long Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa, Iowa, USA
| | - San-pin Wu
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory and
| | - Steven L. Young
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - John P. Lydon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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13
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Pastore S, Harripaul R, Azam M, Vincent JB. A novel biallelic single base insertion in WNK1 in a Pakistani family with congenital insensitivity to pain. J Hum Genet 2020; 65:493-496. [PMID: 32127623 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-020-0734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type II (HSANII) is a rare, recessively inherited neurological condition frequently involving insensitivity to pain. The subtype, HSAN2A, results from mutations in the gene WNK1. We identified a consanguineous Pakistani family with three affecteds showing symptoms of HSANII. We performed microarray genotyping, followed by homozygosity-by-descent (HBD) mapping, which indicated several significant HBD regions, including ~6 Mb towards the terminus of chromosome 12p, spanning WNK1. Simultaneously, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) on one of the affected brothers, and identified a homozygous 1 bp insertion variant, Chr12:978101dupA, within exon 10. This variant, confirmed to segregate in the family, is predicted to truncate the protein (NM_213655.4:c.3464delinsAC; p.(Thr1155Asnfs*11) and lead to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay of the transcript. Previous studies of congenital pain insensitivity/HSANII in Pakistani families have identified mutations in SCN9A. Our study identified a previously unreported WNK1 mutation segregating with congenital pain insensitivity/HSANII in a Pakistani family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Pastore
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development (MiND) Lab, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ricardo Harripaul
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development (MiND) Lab, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Matloob Azam
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Neurology, Wah Medical College, Wah Cantonment, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - John B Vincent
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development (MiND) Lab, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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14
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Huang H, Song S, Banerjee S, Jiang T, Zhang J, Kahle KT, Sun D, Zhang Z. The WNK-SPAK/OSR1 Kinases and the Cation-Chloride Cotransporters as Therapeutic Targets for Neurological Diseases. Aging Dis 2019; 10:626-636. [PMID: 31165006 PMCID: PMC6538211 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs) have drawn attention in the medical neuroscience research. CCCs include the family of Na+-coupled Cl- importers (NCC, NKCC1, and NKCC2), K+-coupled Cl- exporters (KCCs), and possibly polyamine transporters (CCC9) and CCC interacting protein (CIP1). For decades, CCCs have been the targets of several commonly used diuretic drugs, including hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide, and bumetanide. Genetic mutations of NCC and NKCC2 cause congenital renal tubular disorders and lead to renal salt-losing hypotension, secondary hyperreninemia, and hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis. New studies reveal that CCCs along with their regulatory WNK (Kinase with no lysine (K)), and SPAK (Ste20-related proline-alanine-rich kinase)/OSR1(oxidative stress-responsive kinase-1) are essential for regulating cell volume and maintaining ionic homeostasis in the nervous system, especially roles of the WNK-SPAK-NKCC1 signaling pathway in ischemic brain injury and hypersecretion of cerebrospinal fluid in post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus. In addition, disruption of Cl- exporter KCC2 has an effect on synaptic inhibition, which may be involved in developing pain, epilepsy, and possibly some neuropsychiatric disorders. Interference with KCC3 leads to peripheral nervous system neuropathy as well as axon and nerve fiber swelling and psychosis. The WNK-SPAK/OSR1-CCCs complex emerges as therapeutic targets for multiple neurological diseases. This review will highlight these new findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huachen Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliate Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Shanshan Song
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Suneel Banerjee
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Tong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratory, Exeter, EX4 4PS, UK.
| | - Kristopher T. Kahle
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Pediatrics, and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Centers for Mendelian Genomics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Dandan Sun, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA. . Dr. Zhongling Zhang, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China.
| | - Zhongling Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliate Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Dandan Sun, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA. . Dr. Zhongling Zhang, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China.
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15
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Wang JJ, Yu B, Li Z. The coexistence of a novel WNK1 variant and a copy number variation causes hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IIA. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:91. [PMID: 31132985 PMCID: PMC6537375 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0828-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN) type II is a group of extremely rare autosomal recessive neurological disorders with heterogeneous clinical and genetic characteristics. Methods We performed high-depth next-generation targeted sequencing using a custom-ordered “HSAN” panel, covering WNK1, NTRK1, NGF, SPTLC1 and IKBKAP genes, to identify pathogenic variants of the proband as well as the family members. We also performed whole exome sequencing to further investigate the potential occurrence of additional pathogenic variants in genes that were not covered by the “HSAN” panel. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to identify pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs) and to analyze the mRNA level of WNK1 gene of the family. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the WNK1 protein expression level. Results After sequencing, a novel nonsense variant (c.2747 T > G, p.Leu916Ter) in exon 9 of WNK1 gene was identified in two patients (hemizygous) and their mother (heterozygous). This variant is absent in all public databases as well as in 600 Han Chinese healthy controls. The region of this variant is evolutionary highly conserved. Furthermore, by quantitative real-time PCR using DNA of the pedigree, we revealed a large deletion containing the whole WNK1 gene in two patients. The WNK1 expression levels of the patients were significantly reduced. Conclusions Our study firstly revealed that the coexistence of a novel WNK1 nonsense variant and a CNV resulted in HSAN type IIA in a Han Chinese family. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-019-0828-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Jiqi Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetic Diagnosis Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetic Diagnosis Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongzhe Li
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetic Diagnosis Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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16
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Canine neuropathies: powerful spontaneous models for human hereditary sensory neuropathies. Hum Genet 2019; 138:455-466. [PMID: 30955094 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In humans, hereditary sensory neuropathies (HSN), also known as hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (HSAN), constitute a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by progressive sensory loss, often accompanied by chronic skin ulcerations and nail dystrophic changes. To date, although around 20 genes have already been discovered, they do not explain the genetic causes of all patients. In dogs, similar neuropathies are also diagnosed, several breeds being predisposed to specific forms of the disease. Indeed, the breed specificity of most canine genetic diseases is due to the small numbers of founders and high levels of inbreeding. Recent knowledge and tools developed to study the canine genome efficiently allows deciphering the genetic bases of such diseases. To date, a dozen breeds are recognized to develop specific HSN. For the Border collie and hunting dog breeds, the genes involved have recently been discovered. Other affected breeds thus constitute potential genetic models, with new genes to be found in dogs that can be considered as candidate genes for human HSAN/HSN. Here, we review the different forms of human and canine HSAN/HSN and we present a novel form in Fox terrier cases, highlighting the advantages of the dog model for such rare human diseases.
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17
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Rahmani B, Fekrmandi F, Ahadi K, Ahadi T, Alavi A, Ahmadiani A, Asadi S. A novel nonsense mutation in WNK1/HSN2 associated with sensory neuropathy and limb destruction in four siblings of a large Iranian pedigree. BMC Neurol 2018; 18:195. [PMID: 30497409 PMCID: PMC6262971 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-018-1201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 2 (HSAN2) is an autosomal recessive disorder with predominant sensory dysfunction and severe complications such as limb destruction. There are different subtypes of HSAN2, including HSAN2A, which is caused by mutations in WNK1/HSN2 gene. Methods An Iranian family with four siblings and autosomal recessive inheritance pattern whom initially diagnosed with HSAN2 underwent whole exome sequencing (WES) followed by segregation analysis. Results According to the filtering criteria of the WES data, a novel candidate variation, c.3718C > A in WNK1/HSN2 gene that causes p.Tyr1025* was identified. This variation results in a truncated protein with 1025 amino acids instead of the wild-type product with 2645 amino acids. Sanger sequencing revealed that the mutation segregates with disease status in the pedigree. Conclusions The identified novel nonsense mutation in WNK1/HSN2 in an Iranian HSAN2 pedigree presents allelic heterogeneity of this gene in different populations. The result of current study expands the spectrum of mutations of the HSN2 gene as the genetic background of HSAN2A as well as further supports the hypothesis that HSN2 is a causative gene for HSAN2A. However, it seems that more research is required to determine the exact effects of this product in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Rahmani
- Section of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fekrmandi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Keivan Ahadi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Milad Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tannaz Ahadi
- Neuromusculoskeletal Research Centre, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afagh Alavi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Asadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Prabhu S, Fortier K, Newsome L, Reebye UN. Office-Based Anesthetic and Oral Surgical Management of a Child With Hereditary Sensory Autonomic Neuropathy Type IV: A Case Report. Anesth Prog 2018; 65:181-186. [PMID: 30235436 DOI: 10.2344/anpr-65-03-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IV (HSAN IV), or congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis, is an exceptionally rare genetic disorder that results in the complete loss of pain and temperature sensation as well as anhidrosis. Anesthetic management of these patients can be difficult because of significantly increased risks during general anesthesia. Literature on perioperative anesthetic management is typically written in the context of a hospital setting. As such, our case presents a unique report on the anesthetic management of a HSAN IV patient who presented for extraction of 2 teeth in an office-based setting. In determining how to safely manage the procedure, we decided against general anesthesia as we lacked the facilities and equipment to safely handle previously reported complications. We were successful in providing sedation with nitrous oxide in oxygen and applying 20% benzocaine topical ointment on the surgical site in lieu of administering general anesthesia. We had an anesthesiologist present and obtained intravenous access prior to the surgery to help manage any complications. This report provides support that simple dental extractions can be accomplished safely in the HSAN IV patient in the office-based setting, thereby avoiding unnecessary risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamit Prabhu
- Master of Physiology Candidate, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Kevin Fortier
- DMD Candidate, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa Newsome
- Anesthesiologist; Triangle Implant Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Uday N Reebye
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Triangle Implant Center, Durham, North Carolina
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19
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Zorina-Lichtenwalter K, Parisien M, Diatchenko L. Genetic studies of human neuropathic pain conditions: a review. Pain 2018; 159:583-594. [PMID: 29240606 PMCID: PMC5828382 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown associations between genetic variants and neuropathic pain disorders. Rare monogenic disorders are caused by mutations of substantial effect size in a single gene, whereas common disorders are likely to have a contribution from multiple genetic variants of mild effect size, representing different biological pathways. In this review, we survey the reported genetic contributors to neuropathic pain and submit them for validation in a 150,000-participant sample of the U.K. Biobank cohort. Successfully replicated association with a neuropathic pain construct for 2 variants in IL10 underscores the importance of neuroimmune interactions, whereas genome-wide significant association with low back pain (P = 1.3e-8) and false discovery rate 5% significant associations with hip, knee, and neck pain for variant rs7734804 upstream of the MAT2B gene provide evidence of shared contributing mechanisms to overlapping pain conditions at the molecular genetic level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Parisien
- Alan Edwards Pain Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Luda Diatchenko
- Alan Edwards Pain Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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20
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Abstract
Pain is an increasing clinical challenge affecting about half the population, with a substantial number of people suffering daily intense pain. Such suffering can be linked to the dramatic rise in opioid use and associated deaths in the United States. There is a pressing need for new analgesics with limited side effects. Here, we summarize what we know about the genetics of pain and implications for drug development. We make the case that chronic pain is not one but a set of disease states, with peripheral drive a key element in most. We argue that understanding redundancy and plasticity, hallmarks of the nervous system, is critical in developing analgesic drug strategies. We describe the exploitation of monogenic pain syndromes and genetic association studies to define analgesic targets, as well as issues associated with animal models of pain. We appraise present-day screening technologies and describe recent approaches to pain treatment that hold promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Sexton
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;
| | - James J Cox
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;
| | - Jing Zhao
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;
| | - John N Wood
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;
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21
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Elhennawy K, Reda S, Finke C, Graul-Neumann L, Jost-Brinkmann PG, Bartzela T. Oral manifestations, dental management, and a rare homozygous mutation of the PRDM12 gene in a boy with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type VIII: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2017; 11:233. [PMID: 28807049 PMCID: PMC5556355 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-017-1387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type VIII is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder. Chen et al. recently identified the causative gene and characterized biallelic mutations in the PR domain-containing protein 12 gene, which plays a role in the development of pain-sensing nerve cells. Our patient's family was included in Chen and colleagues' study. We performed a literature review of the PubMed library (January 1985 to December 2016) on hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type I to VIII genetic disorders and their orofacial manifestations. This case report is the first to describe the oral manifestations, and their treatment, of the recently discovered hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type VIII in the medical and dental literature. CASE PRESENTATION We report on the oral manifestations and dental management of an 8-month-old white boy with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy-VIII over a period of 16 years. Our patient was homozygous for a mutation of PR domain-containing protein 12 gene and was characterized by insensitivity to pain and thermal stimuli, self-mutilation behavior, reduced sweat and tear production, absence of corneal reflexes, and multiple skin and bone infections. Oral manifestations included premature loss of teeth, associated with dental traumata and self-mutilation, severe soft tissue injuries, dental caries and submucosal abscesses, hypomineralization of primary teeth, and mandibular osteomyelitis. CONCLUSIONS The lack of scientific knowledge on hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy due to the rarity of the disease often results in a delay in diagnosis, which is of substantial importance for the prevention of many complications and symptoms. Interdisciplinary work of specialized medical and dental teams and development of a standardized treatment protocols are essential for the management of the disease. There are many knowledge gaps concerning the management of patients with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy-VIII, therefore more research on an international basis is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Elhennawy
- Center for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics and Pedodontics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Seif Reda
- Center for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics and Pedodontics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Finke
- Center for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics and Pedodontics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luitgard Graul-Neumann
- Ambulantes Gesundheitszentrum, Campus Virchow Clinic, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité Campus Virchow, Department of Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul-Georg Jost-Brinkmann
- Center for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics and Pedodontics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Theodosia Bartzela
- Center for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics and Pedodontics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany.
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22
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Lötsch J, Lippmann C, Kringel D, Ultsch A. Integrated Computational Analysis of Genes Associated with Human Hereditary Insensitivity to Pain. A Drug Repurposing Perspective. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:252. [PMID: 28848388 PMCID: PMC5550731 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes causally involved in human insensitivity to pain provide a unique molecular source of studying the pathophysiology of pain and the development of novel analgesic drugs. The increasing availability of “big data” enables novel research approaches to chronic pain while also requiring novel techniques for data mining and knowledge discovery. We used machine learning to combine the knowledge about n = 20 genes causally involved in human hereditary insensitivity to pain with the knowledge about the functions of thousands of genes. An integrated computational analysis proposed that among the functions of this set of genes, the processes related to nervous system development and to ceramide and sphingosine signaling pathways are particularly important. This is in line with earlier suggestions to use these pathways as therapeutic target in pain. Following identification of the biological processes characterizing hereditary insensitivity to pain, the biological processes were used for a similarity analysis with the functions of n = 4,834 database-queried drugs. Using emergent self-organizing maps, a cluster of n = 22 drugs was identified sharing important functional features with hereditary insensitivity to pain. Several members of this cluster had been implicated in pain in preclinical experiments. Thus, the present concept of machine-learned knowledge discovery for pain research provides biologically plausible results and seems to be suitable for drug discovery by identifying a narrow choice of repurposing candidates, demonstrating that contemporary machine-learned methods offer innovative approaches to knowledge discovery from available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Lötsch
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-UniversityFrankfurt am Main, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute of Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology-Project Group, Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (IME-TMP)Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Catharina Lippmann
- Fraunhofer Institute of Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology-Project Group, Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (IME-TMP)Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dario Kringel
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-UniversityFrankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alfred Ultsch
- DataBionics Research Group, University of MarburgMarburg, Germany
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23
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Yuan JH, Hashiguchi A, Yoshimura A, Sakai N, Takahashi M, Ueda T, Taniguchi A, Okamoto S, Kanazawa N, Yamamoto Y, Saigoh K, Kusunoki S, Ando M, Hiramatsu Y, Okamoto Y, Takashima H. WNK1/HSN2founder mutation in patients with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy: A Japanese cohort study. Clin Genet 2017; 92:659-663. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.-H. Yuan
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics; Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Kagoshima Japan
| | - A. Hashiguchi
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics; Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Kagoshima Japan
| | - A. Yoshimura
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics; Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Kagoshima Japan
| | - N. Sakai
- Child Healthcare and Genetic Science Laboratory, Division of Health Science; Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka Japan
| | - M.P. Takahashi
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Division of Health Science; Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka Japan
| | - T. Ueda
- Division of Neurology; Kobe University, Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| | - A. Taniguchi
- Department of Neurology; Mie University, Graduate School of Medicine; Mie Japan
| | - S. Okamoto
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine; Fujita Health University, Nanakuri Memorial Hospital; Mie Japan
| | - N. Kanazawa
- Department of Dermatology; Wakayama Medical University; Wakayama Japan
| | - Y. Yamamoto
- Department of Dermatology; Wakayama Medical University; Wakayama Japan
| | - K. Saigoh
- Department of Neurology; Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine; Osaka Japan
| | - S. Kusunoki
- Department of Neurology; Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine; Osaka Japan
| | - M. Ando
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics; Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Kagoshima Japan
| | - Y. Hiramatsu
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics; Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Kagoshima Japan
| | - Y. Okamoto
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics; Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Kagoshima Japan
| | - H. Takashima
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics; Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Kagoshima Japan
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24
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Vetter I, Deuis JR, Mueller A, Israel MR, Starobova H, Zhang A, Rash LD, Mobli M. NaV1.7 as a pain target – From gene to pharmacology. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 172:73-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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Geuens T, De Winter V, Rajan N, Achsel T, Mateiu L, Almeida-Souza L, Asselbergh B, Bouhy D, Auer-Grumbach M, Bagni C, Timmerman V. Mutant HSPB1 causes loss of translational repression by binding to PCBP1, an RNA binding protein with a possible role in neurodegenerative disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2017; 5:5. [PMID: 28077174 PMCID: PMC5225548 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-016-0407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The small heat shock protein HSPB1 (Hsp27) is an ubiquitously expressed molecular chaperone able to regulate various cellular functions like actin dynamics, oxidative stress regulation and anti-apoptosis. So far disease causing mutations in HSPB1 have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as distal hereditary motor neuropathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Most mutations in HSPB1 target its highly conserved α-crystallin domain, while other mutations affect the C- or N-terminal regions or its promotor. Mutations inside the α-crystallin domain have been shown to enhance the chaperone activity of HSPB1 and increase the binding to client proteins. However, the HSPB1-P182L mutation, located outside and downstream of the α-crystallin domain, behaves differently. This specific HSPB1 mutation results in a severe neuropathy phenotype affecting exclusively the motor neurons of the peripheral nervous system. We identified that the HSPB1-P182L mutant protein has a specifically increased interaction with the RNA binding protein poly(C)binding protein 1 (PCBP1) and results in a reduction of its translational repressive activity. RNA immunoprecipitation followed by RNA sequencing on mouse brain lead to the identification of PCBP1 mRNA targets. These targets contain larger 3′- and 5′-UTRs than average and are enriched in an RNA motif consisting of the CTCCTCCTCCTCC consensus sequence. Interestingly, next to the clear presence of neuronal transcripts among the identified PCBP1 targets we identified known genes associated with hereditary peripheral neuropathies and hereditary spastic paraplegias. We therefore conclude that HSPB1 can mediate translational repression through interaction with an RNA binding protein further supporting its role in neurodegenerative disease.
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26
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Yamada K, Yuan J, Mano T, Takashima H, Shibata M. Arthropathy-related pain in a patient with congenital impairment of pain sensation due to hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type II with a rare mutation in the WNK1/HSN2 gene: a case report. BMC Neurol 2016; 16:201. [PMID: 27765018 PMCID: PMC5073964 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-016-0727-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN) type II with WNK1/HSN2 gene mutation is a rare disease characterized by early-onset demyelination sensory loss and skin ulceration. To the best of our knowledge, no cases of an autonomic disorder have been reported clearly in a patient with WNK/HSN2 gene mutation and only one case of a Japanese patient with the WNK/HSN2 gene mutation of HSAN type II was previously reported. Case presentation Here we describe a 54-year-old woman who had an early childhood onset of insensitivity to pain; superficial, vibration, and proprioception sensation disturbances; and several symptoms of autonomic failure (e.g., orthostatic hypotension, fluctuation in body temperature, and lack of urge to defecate). Genetic analyses revealed compound homozygous mutations in the WNK1/HSN2 gene (c.3237_3238insT; p.Asp1080fsX1). The patient demonstrated sensory loss in the “stocking and glove distribution” but could perceive visceral pain, such as menstrual or gastroenteritis pain. She experienced frequent fainting episodes. She had undergone exenteration of the left metatarsal because of metatarsal osteomyelitis at 18 years. Sural nerve biopsy revealed a severe loss of myelinated and unmyelinated nerves. She complained of severe pain in multiple joints, even on having pain impairment. Although non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are generally more effective than acetaminophen for arthritis, in our case, they were ineffective and acetaminophen (2400 mg/day) adequately controlled her pain and improved quality of life. Over 3 months, the numerical rating scale, pain interference scale of the Brief Pain Inventory, and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale decreased from 6/10 to 3/10, from 52/70 to 20/70, and from 22/52 to 3/52 points, respectively. Conclusions This is the second reported case of a Japanese patient with WNK/HSN2 gene mutation of HSAN type II and the first reported case of an autonomic disorder in a patient with the WNK/HSN2 gene mutation. Acetaminophen adequately controlled arthropathy related pain in a patient with congenital impairment of pain sensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Yamada
- Center for Pain Management, Osaka University Hospital, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junhui Yuan
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Tomoo Mano
- Department of Neuromodulation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takashima
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Masahiko Shibata
- Center for Pain Management, Osaka University Hospital, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Department of Pain Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Abstract
WNK (With-No-Lysine (K)) kinases are serine-threonine kinases characterized by an atypical placement of a catalytic lysine within the kinase domain. Mutations in human WNK1 or WNK4 cause an autosomal dominant syndrome of hypertension and hyperkalemia, reflecting the fact that WNK kinases are critical regulators of renal ion transport processes. Here, the role of WNKs in the regulation of ion transport processes in vertebrate and invertebrate renal function, cellular and organismal osmoregulation, and cell migration and cerebral edema will be reviewed, along with emerging literature demonstrating roles for WNKs in cardiovascular and neural development, Wnt signaling, and cancer. Conserved roles for these kinases across phyla are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Jenny
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
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Mercado A, de Los Heros P, Melo Z, Chávez-Canales M, Murillo-de-Ozores AR, Moreno E, Bazúa-Valenti S, Vázquez N, Hadchouel J, Gamba G. With no lysine L-WNK1 isoforms are negative regulators of the K+-Cl- cotransporters. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C54-66. [PMID: 27170636 PMCID: PMC4967140 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00193.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporters (KCC1-KCC4) encompass a branch of the SLC12 family of electroneutral cation-coupled chloride cotransporters that translocate ions out of the cell to regulate various factors, including cell volume and intracellular chloride concentration, among others. L-WNK1 is an ubiquitously expressed kinase that is activated in response to osmotic stress and intracellular chloride depletion, and it is implicated in two distinct hereditary syndromes: the renal disease pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII) and the neurological disease hereditary sensory neuropathy 2 (HSN2). The effect of L-WNK1 on KCC activity is unknown. Using Xenopus laevis oocytes and HEK-293 cells, we show that the activation of KCCs by cell swelling was prevented by L-WNK1 coexpression. In contrast, the activity of the Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter NKCC1 was remarkably increased with L-WNK1 coexpression. The negative effect of L-WNK1 on the KCCs is kinase dependent. Elimination of the STE20 proline-alanine rich kinase (SPAK)/oxidative stress-responsive kinase (OSR1) binding site or the HQ motif required for the WNK-WNK interaction prevented the effect of L-WNK1 on KCCs, suggesting a required interaction between L-WNK1 molecules and SPAK. Together, our data support that NKCC1 and KCCs are coordinately regulated by L-WNK1 isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mercado
- Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paola de Los Heros
- División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Zesergio Melo
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Chávez-Canales
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico; INSERM UMR970-Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France; and University Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Adrián R Murillo-de-Ozores
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erika Moreno
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvana Bazúa-Valenti
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Norma Vázquez
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juliette Hadchouel
- INSERM UMR970-Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France; and University Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Gerardo Gamba
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico;
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29
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Dbouk HA, Huang CL, Cobb MH. Hypertension: the missing WNKs. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F16-27. [PMID: 27009339 PMCID: PMC4967160 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00358.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The With no Lysine [K] (WNK) family of enzymes are central in the regulation of blood pressure. WNKs have been implicated in hereditary hypertension disorders, mainly through control of the activity and levels of ion cotransporters and channels. Actions of WNKs in the kidney have been heavily investigated, and recent studies have provided insight into not only the regulation of these enzymes but also how mutations in WNKs and their interacting partners contribute to hypertensive disorders. Defining the roles of WNKs in the cardiovascular system will provide clues about additional mechanisms by which WNKs can regulate blood pressure. This review summarizes recent developments in the regulation of the WNK signaling cascade and its role in regulation of blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashem A Dbouk
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; and
| | - Chou-Long Huang
- Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Melanie H Cobb
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; and
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de Filette J, Hasaerts D, Seneca S, Gheldof A, Stouffs K, Keymolen K, Velkeniers B. Polyneuropathy in a young Belgian patient: A novel heterozygous mutation in the WNK1/HSN2 gene. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2016; 2:e42. [PMID: 27066579 PMCID: PMC4817896 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen de Filette
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (J.d.F.); Pediatric Neurology Unit (D.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel; Centre for Medical Genetics/Research Centre Reproduction and Genetics (S.S., A.G., K.S., K.K.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel; and Department of Endocrinology and General Internal Medicine (B.V.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Danielle Hasaerts
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (J.d.F.); Pediatric Neurology Unit (D.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel; Centre for Medical Genetics/Research Centre Reproduction and Genetics (S.S., A.G., K.S., K.K.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel; and Department of Endocrinology and General Internal Medicine (B.V.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sara Seneca
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (J.d.F.); Pediatric Neurology Unit (D.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel; Centre for Medical Genetics/Research Centre Reproduction and Genetics (S.S., A.G., K.S., K.K.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel; and Department of Endocrinology and General Internal Medicine (B.V.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexander Gheldof
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (J.d.F.); Pediatric Neurology Unit (D.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel; Centre for Medical Genetics/Research Centre Reproduction and Genetics (S.S., A.G., K.S., K.K.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel; and Department of Endocrinology and General Internal Medicine (B.V.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katrien Stouffs
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (J.d.F.); Pediatric Neurology Unit (D.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel; Centre for Medical Genetics/Research Centre Reproduction and Genetics (S.S., A.G., K.S., K.K.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel; and Department of Endocrinology and General Internal Medicine (B.V.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kathelijn Keymolen
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (J.d.F.); Pediatric Neurology Unit (D.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel; Centre for Medical Genetics/Research Centre Reproduction and Genetics (S.S., A.G., K.S., K.K.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel; and Department of Endocrinology and General Internal Medicine (B.V.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Velkeniers
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (J.d.F.); Pediatric Neurology Unit (D.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel; Centre for Medical Genetics/Research Centre Reproduction and Genetics (S.S., A.G., K.S., K.K.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel; and Department of Endocrinology and General Internal Medicine (B.V.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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31
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Mekkawy MK, Mazen IM, Kamel AK, Vater I, Zaki MS. Genotype/phenotype correlation in a female patient with 21q22.3 and 12p13.33 duplications. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170A:1050-8. [PMID: 26749249 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Many chromosomal rearrangements that lead to copy-number gains or losses have been shown to cause distinctive and recognizable clinical phenotypes. Conventional cytogenetic analysis can detect many, but not all, rearrangements depending on its power of resolution. The wide use of whole-genome array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) techniques has allowed the detection of novel syndromes and to establish genotype-phenotype correlations by delineating at high resolution the regions involved in specific chromosomal aberrations. We report on a two and half-year-old female patient with intellectual disability and distinctive phenotypic features resulting from a de novo duplication of about 0.3 Mb in 21q22.3 associated with duplication of about 0.3 Mb in 12p13.33. The patient's chromosomal abnormalities were identified at the cytogenetic molecular level, using SNP array analysis, while GTG banding technique revealed a normal karyotype. Clinical findings of the patient were compared with Down syndrome and 12p duplication syndrome. This study suggests that an area of contiguous genes on the distal part of chromosome 21 (21q22.3) contribute to the Down syndrome phenotype and indicates that genes in the distal region of 12p (12p13.33) account for many facial characteristics and hypotonia of trisomy 12p syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona K Mekkawy
- Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Cytogenetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Inas M Mazen
- Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Clinical Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa K Kamel
- Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Cytogenetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Inga Vater
- Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Clinical Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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32
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Introduzione sugli aspetti genetici delle neuropatie. Neurologia 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1634-7072(15)72178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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33
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Abstract
Loss of pain perception can result from neurodevelopmental defects, degeneration of nociceptive fibers, or altered excitability of sensory neurons. Hereditary neurodegeneration leading to pain loss is classified as sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN). Mutations in approximately 15 genes have been identified in the group of HSAN disorders. Hallmark of the disease is a liability to injury because of impaired acute pain as a warning system to prevent harm. The clinically overlapping "congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP)" is caused by mutations in voltage-gated sodium channels, which control the excitability of nociceptors. However, mutations in the latter genes can also result in disorders with increased pain susceptibility. This review summarizes the clinical presentation of HSAN and pain-related channelopathies and discusses the underlying disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kurth
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Kollegiengasse 10, 07743, Jena, Deutschland,
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34
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Pathogenesis of spinal cord injury induced edema and neuropathic pain: expression of multiple isoforms of wnk1. Ann Neurosci 2014; 21:97-103. [PMID: 25206073 PMCID: PMC4158783 DOI: 10.5214/ans.0972.7531.210305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropathic pain (NP) is a common occurrence following spinal cord injury (SCI). Identification of specific molecular pathways that are involved in pain syndromes has become a major priority in current SCI research. We have investigated the role of a cation-dependent chloride transporter, Cl-regulatory protein Na+-K+-Cl- 1 (NKCC1), phosphorylation profile of NKCC1 and its specific involvement in neuropathic pain following contusion SCI (cSCI) using a rat model. Administration of the NKCC1 inhibitor bumetanide (BU) increases the mean hindpaw withdrawal latency time (WLT), thermal hyperalgesia (TH) following cSCI. These results demonstrate implication of NKCC1 co-transporter and BUin SCI-induced neuropathic pain. The with-no-lysine (K)–1 (WNK1) kinase has been shown to be an important regulator of NKCC1 phosphorylation in many systems, including nocioception. Mutations in a neuronal-specific exon of WNK1 (HSN2) was identified in patients that have hereditary sensory neuropathy type II (HSANII) also implicates WNK1 in nocioception, such that these patients have loss of perception to pain, touch and heat. In our ongoing research we proposed two studies utilizing our contusion SCI (cSCI) NP model of rat. Purpose Study 1 aimed at NKCC1 expression and activity is up-regulated following cSCI in the early edema and chronic neuropathic pain phases. Study 2 aimed at identifying the expression profile of alternatively spliced WNK1 isoforms in animals exhibiting thermal hyperalgesia (TH) following cSCI. Methods Adult male Sprague Dawley rats (275–300 g) following laminectomy received cSCI at T9 with the NYU impactor-device II by dropping 10 g weight from the height of 12.5 mm. Control rats obtained laminectomy but no impaction. Following injury, functional recovery was assessed by BBB locomotor scores on day 1, 7, 14, 21, 35, and 42 and development of thermal hyperalgesia on day 21, 28, 35, and 42 day of injury by monitoring hind paw withdraw latency time (WLT) in seconds compared with the baseline data before injury. Results Increased NKCC1 may explain observed increase in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2, exhibiting NKCC1 localization in neurons. This data supports NKCC1’s role in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic phases of injury, namely spinal cord edema and chronic phase neuropathic pain. NKCC1 dependent chloride influx requires the phosphorylation at specific residues. Probing for the HSN2 exon of WNK1 reveals two key findings: i) the HSN2 exon is found in alternatively spliced neuronal isoforms found at 250 kDa and 230 kDa; ii) the 250 kDa isoform is found only in tissue that is injured. Conclusions This data implicates the NKCC1/WNK1/WNK1HSN2 involvement in post-injury response that contributes to the development of neuropathic pain. Targeting this system may have therapeutic benefit.
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Sloka JS, Pryse-Phillips WEM, Stefanelli M. Multiple Sclerosis in Newfoundland and Labrador - A Model for Disease Prevalence. Can J Neurol Sci 2014; 32:43-9. [PMID: 15825545 DOI: 10.1017/s0317167100016863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background:Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, have been almost exclusively populated by immigrants from southwest England and southeast Ireland. The province’s population grew largely by natural increase from 20,000 people in 1835 to half a million at present. Very little interregional migration occurred within the province. This uniquely-populated region and its subsequent founder effect provide the basis to develop models of disease prevalence.Objectives:To develop a model for the regional prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS), accounting for settlement patterns and geographic location (latitude).Methods:All living MS patients with confirmed addresses (438 patients) in the province were mailed a survey requesting their place of birth. Regional prevalences were calculated from a 75% rate of return of the survey. Theoretical regional prevalences were proportionally calculated from the source prevalences of southwest England, southeast Ireland, Scotland and the Channel Islands based on settlement patterns. These theoretical regional prevalences were corrected for geographical variations of latitude based on observations in the United Kingdom. Theoretical and actual regional prevalences were compared.Results:When actual regional prevalences were compared with theoretical prevalences, very little variation was noted, especially after correcting for variation in latitude.Conclusion:A regional variation in MS prevalence is noted in the island portion of Newfoundland and Labrador. This regional variation can be modeled by using both migration patterns and latitudinal position. This model demonstrates that the prevalence of MS is influenced by both genetic and environmental contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Sloka
- Faculty of Medicine (Neurology), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
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36
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Alessi DR, Zhang J, Khanna A, Hochdörfer T, Shang Y, Kahle KT. The WNK-SPAK/OSR1 pathway: master regulator of cation-chloride cotransporters. Sci Signal 2014; 7:re3. [PMID: 25028718 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The WNK-SPAK/OSR1 kinase complex is composed of the kinases WNK (with no lysine) and SPAK (SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase) or the SPAK homolog OSR1 (oxidative stress-responsive kinase 1). The WNK family senses changes in intracellular Cl(-) concentration, extracellular osmolarity, and cell volume and transduces this information to sodium (Na(+)), potassium (K(+)), and chloride (Cl(-)) cotransporters [collectively referred to as CCCs (cation-chloride cotransporters)] and ion channels to maintain cellular and organismal homeostasis and affect cellular morphology and behavior. Several genes encoding proteins in this pathway are mutated in human disease, and the cotransporters are targets of commonly used drugs. WNKs stimulate the kinases SPAK and OSR1, which directly phosphorylate and stimulate Cl(-)-importing, Na(+)-driven CCCs or inhibit the Cl(-)-extruding, K(+)-driven CCCs. These coordinated and reciprocal actions on the CCCs are triggered by an interaction between RFXV/I motifs within the WNKs and CCCs and a conserved carboxyl-terminal docking domain in SPAK and OSR1. This interaction site represents a potentially druggable node that could be more effective than targeting the cotransporters directly. In the kidney, WNK-SPAK/OSR1 inhibition decreases epithelial NaCl reabsorption and K(+) secretion to lower blood pressure while maintaining serum K(+). In neurons, WNK-SPAK/OSR1 inhibition could facilitate Cl(-) extrusion and promote γ-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) inhibition. Such drugs could have efficacy as K(+)-sparing blood pressure-lowering agents in essential hypertension, nonaddictive analgesics in neuropathic pain, and promoters of GABAergic inhibition in diseases associated with neuronal hyperactivity, such as epilepsy, spasticity, neuropathic pain, schizophrenia, and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario R Alessi
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland
| | - Arjun Khanna
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Hochdörfer
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland
| | - Yuze Shang
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kristopher T Kahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Ilgaz Aydinlar E, Rolfs A, Serteser M, Parman Y. Mutation in FAM134B causing hereditary sensory neuropathy with spasticity in a Turkish family. Muscle Nerve 2014; 49:774-5. [PMID: 24327336 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Ilgaz Aydinlar
- Department of Neurology, Acibadem University School of Medicine, Gulsuyu mah, Fevzi Cakmak Cad. Divan Sok, Maltepe, 34848, Istanbul, Turkey
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Esmer C, Díaz Zambrano S, Santos Díaz M, González Huerta L, Cuevas Covarrubias S, Bravo Oro A. Neuropatía sensitiva autonómica hereditaria tipo IIA: manifestaciones neurológicas y esqueléticas tempranas. An Pediatr (Barc) 2014; 80:254-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2013.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Horjales-Araujo E, Demontis D, Lund EK, Vase L, Finnerup NB, Brglum AD, Jensen TS, Svensson P. Emotional modulation of muscle pain is associated with polymorphisms in the serotonin transporter gene. Pain 2013; 154:1469-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Lötsch J, Doehring A, Mogil JS, Arndt T, Geisslinger G, Ultsch A. Functional genomics of pain in analgesic drug development and therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 139:60-70. [PMID: 23567662 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Advances in genomic research have led to the clarification of the detailed involvement of gene products in biological pathways and these are being increasingly exploited in strategies for drug discovery and repurposing. Concomitant developments in informatics have resulted in the acquisition of complex gene information through the application of computational analysis of molecular interaction networks. This approach enables the acquired knowledge on hundreds of genes to be used to view molecular disease mechanisms from a genetic point of view. By analyzing 410 genes which control the complex process of pain, we show by computational analysis, based on functional annotations to pain-related genes, that 12 clearly circumscribed functional areas are essential for pain perception and thus for analgesic drug development. The genetics perspective revealed that future development strategies should focus on substances modulating intracellular signal transduction, ion transport and anatomical structure development. These processes are involved in the genetic-based absence of pain and therefore, provide promising fields for curative or preventive treatments. In contrast, interactions with G-protein coupled receptor pathways seem merely to provide symptomatic, not preventative relief of pain. In addition, biological functions accessed either by analgesic drugs or microRNAs suggest that synergistic therapies may be a future direction for drug development. With modern computational functional genomics, it is possible to exploit genetic information from increasingly available data sets on complex diseases, such as pain, and offers a new insight into drug development and therapy which is complementary to pathway-centered approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Lötsch
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Hospital, Theodor Stern Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Belfer I. Nature and nurture of human pain. SCIENTIFICA 2013; 2013:415279. [PMID: 24278778 PMCID: PMC3820306 DOI: 10.1155/2013/415279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Humans are very different when it comes to pain. Some get painful piercings and tattoos; others can not stand even a flu shot. Interindividual variability is one of the main characteristics of human pain on every level including the processing of nociceptive impulses at the periphery, modification of pain signal in the central nervous system, perception of pain, and response to analgesic strategies. As for many other complex behaviors, the sources of this variability come from both nurture (environment) and nature (genes). Here, I will discuss how these factors contribute to human pain separately and via interplay and how epigenetic mechanisms add to the complexity of their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Belfer
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Bercier V, Brustein E, Liao M, Dion PA, Lafrenière RG, Rouleau GA, Drapeau P. WNK1/HSN2 mutation in human peripheral neuropathy deregulates KCC2 expression and posterior lateral line development in zebrafish (Danio rerio). PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003124. [PMID: 23300475 PMCID: PMC3536653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 2 (HSNAII) is a rare pathology characterized by an early onset of severe sensory loss (all modalities) in the distal limbs. It is due to autosomal recessive mutations confined to exon "HSN2" of the WNK1 (with-no-lysine protein kinase 1) serine-threonine kinase. While this kinase is well studied in the kidneys, little is known about its role in the nervous system. We hypothesized that the truncating mutations present in the neural-specific HSN2 exon lead to a loss-of-function of the WNK1 kinase, impairing development of the peripheral sensory system. To investigate the mechanisms by which the loss of WNK1/HSN2 isoform function causes HSANII, we used the embryonic zebrafish model and observed strong expression of WNK1/HSN2 in neuromasts of the peripheral lateral line (PLL) system by immunohistochemistry. Knocking down wnk1/hsn2 in embryos using antisense morpholino oligonucleotides led to improper PLL development. We then investigated the reported interaction between the WNK1 kinase and neuronal potassium chloride cotransporter KCC2, as this transporter is a target of WNK1 phosphorylation. In situ hybridization revealed kcc2 expression in mature neuromasts of the PLL and semi-quantitative RT-PCR of wnk1/hsn2 knockdown embryos showed an increased expression of kcc2 mRNA. Furthermore, overexpression of human KCC2 mRNA in embryos replicated the wnk1/hsn2 knockdown phenotype. We validated these results by obtaining double knockdown embryos, both for wnk1/hsn2 and kcc2, which alleviated the PLL defects. Interestingly, overexpression of inactive mutant KCC2-C568A, which does not extrude ions, allowed a phenocopy of the PLL defects. These results suggest a pathway in which WNK1/HSN2 interacts with KCC2, producing a novel regulation of its transcription independent of KCC2's activation, where a loss-of-function mutation in WNK1 induces an overexpression of KCC2 and hinders proper peripheral sensory nerve development, a hallmark of HSANII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Bercier
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Neuroscience, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Edna Brustein
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Meijiang Liao
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrick A. Dion
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Neuroscience, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ronald G. Lafrenière
- Centre of Excellence in Neuroscience, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Guy A. Rouleau
- Centre of Excellence in Neuroscience, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Drapeau
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Abstract
Hereditary neuropathies (HN) with onset in childhood are categorized according to clinical presentation, pathogenic mechanism based on electrophysiology, genetic transmission and, in selected cases, pathological findings. Especially relevant to pediatrics are the items "secondary" versus "primary" neuropathy, "syndromic versus nonsyndromic," and "period of life." Different combinations of these parameters frequently point toward specific monogenic disorders. Ruling out a neuropathy secondary to a generalized metabolic disorder remains the first concern in pediatrics. As a rule, metabolic diseases include additional, orienting symptoms or signs, and their biochemical diagnosis is based on logical algorithms. Primary, motor sensory are the most frequent HN and are dominated by demyelinating autosomal dominant (AD) forms (CMT1). Other forms include demyelinating autosomal recessive (AR) forms, axonal AD/AR forms, and forms with "intermediate" electrophysiological phenotype. Peripheral motor neuron disorders are dominated by AR SMN-linked spinal muscular atrophies. (Distal) hereditary motor neuropathies represent <10% of HN but exhibit large clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Sensory/dysautonomic HN involves five classic subtypes, each one related to specific genes. However, genetic heterogeneity is larger than initially suspected. Syndromic HN distinguish "purely neurological syndromes", which are multisystemic, such as spinocerebellar atrophies +, spastic paraplegias +, etc. Peripheral neuropathy is possibly the presenting feature, including in childhood. Autosomal recessive forms, on average, start more frequently in childhood. "Multiorgan syndromes", on the other hand, are more specific to Pediatrics. AR forms, which are clearly degenerative, prompt the investigation of a large set of pleiotropic genes. Other syndromes expressed in the perinatal period are mainly developmental disorders, and can sometimes be related to specific transcription factors. Systematic malformative workup and ethical considerations are necessary. Altogether, >40 genes with various biological functions have been found to be responsible for primary HN. Many are responsible for various phenotypes, including some without the polyneuropathic trait, and some for various types of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Landrieu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, CHU Paris sud, Hôpital Bicêtre, Paris, France.
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Abstract
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (HSN/HSAN) are clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders of the peripheral nervous system that predominantly affect the sensory and autonomic neurons. Hallmark features comprise not only prominent sensory signs and symptoms and ulcerative mutilations but also variable autonomic and motor disturbances. Autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance has been reported. Molecular genetics studies have identified disease-causing mutations in 11 genes. Some of the affected proteins have nerve-specific roles but underlying mechanisms have also been shown to involve sphingolipid metabolism, vesicular transport, structural integrity, and transcription regulation. Genetic and functional studies have substantially improved the understanding of the pathogenesis of the HSN/HSAN and will help to find preventive and causative therapies in the future.
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Landrieu P, Baets J, De Jonghe P. Hereditary motor-sensory, motor, and sensory neuropathies in childhood. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2013; 113:1413-32. [PMID: 23622364 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59565-2.00011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary neuropathies (HN) are categorized according to clinical presentation, pathogenic mechanism based on electrophysiology, genetic transmission, age of occurrence, and, in selected cases, pathological findings. The combination of these parameters frequently orients towards specific genetic disorders. Ruling out a neuropathy secondary to a generalized metabolic disorder remains the first pediatric concern. Primary, motor-sensory are the most frequent HN and are dominated by demyelinating AD forms (CMT1). Others are demyelinating AR forms, axonal AD/AR forms, and forms with "intermediate" electrophysiological phenotype. Pure motor HN represent<10% of HN but exhibit large clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Sensory/dysautonomic HN cover five classical subtypes, each one related to specific genes. However, genetic heterogeneity is largly greater than initially suspected. Syndromic HN distinguish: "purely neurological syndromes", which are multisystemic, usually AD disorders, such as spinocerebellar atrophies +, spastic paraplegias +, etc. Peripheral Neuropathy may be the presenting feature, including in childhood. Clearly degenerative, AR forms prompt to investigate a large set of pleiotropic genes. Other syndromes, expressed in the perinatal period and comprising malformative features, are mainly developmental disorders, sometimes related to specific transcription factors. Altogether, >40 genes with various biological functions have been found responsible for HN. Many are responsible for various phenotypes, including some without the polyneuropathic trait: for the pediatric neurologist, phenotype/genotype correlations constitute a permanent bidirectional exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Landrieu
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Université Paris Sud, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris, France.
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Abstract
The inherited neuropathies are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders in which there have been rapid advances in the last two decades. Molecular genetic testing is now an integral part of the evaluation of patients with inherited neuropathies. In this chapter we describe the genes responsible for the primary inherited neuropathies. We briefly discuss the clinical phenotype of each of the known inherited neuropathy subgroups, describe algorithms for molecular genetic testing of affected patients and discuss genetic counseling. The basic principles of careful phenotyping, documenting an accurate family history, and testing the available genes in an appropriate manner should identify the vast majority of individuals with CMT1 and many of those with CMT2. In this chapter we also describe the current methods of genetic testing. As advances are made in molecular genetic technologies and improvements are made in bioinformatics, it is likely that the current time-consuming methods of DNA sequencing will give way to quicker and more efficient high-throughput methods, which are briefly discussed here.
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Khaledi M, Rezaei N. Hereditary and sensory autonomic neuropathies. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2012; 22:567-8. [PMID: 23431414 PMCID: PMC3533165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mojdeh Khaledi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Immunology, Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author:Address: Children's Medical Center, No 62, Dr Gharib St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
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48
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Abstract
Mutations in genes expressed in Schwann cells and the axons they ensheathe cause the hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies, also known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). More than 40 different genes have been shown to cause inherited neuropathies; chromosomal localizations of many other distinct inherited neuropathies have been mapped, and new genetic causes for inherited neuropathies continue to be discovered. How to keep track of all of these disorders, when to pursue genetic testing, and what tests to order for specific patients are difficult challenges for any neurologist. This review addresses these issues and provides illustrative cases to help in dealing with them. CMT serves as a living system to identify molecules necessary for normal peripheral nervous system (PNS) function. Understanding how these various molecules interact will provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathies in general as well as other neurodegenerative disorders involving the PNS.
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Daneshjou K, Jafarieh H, Raaeskarami SR. Congenital Insensitivity to Pain and Anhydrosis (CIPA) Syndrome; A Report of 4 Cases. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2012; 22:412-6. [PMID: 23400697 PMCID: PMC3564101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) is characterized by recurrent episodes of infections and unexplained fever, anhidrosis (inability to sweat), and absence of reaction to noxious stimuli, self-mutilating behavior, mental retardation and damages to oral structures. CASE PRESENTATION In this article, we have demonstrated the signs and symptoms of 4 children that refer to the pediatrics department of the Imam Khomeini hospital and assay about their complications with this disease. They mostly presented by recurrent osteomyelitis in their feet that severely controlled by antibiotic therapy and even surgery. They had no pain sensation in spite of deep sore and infection. CONCLUSION This syndrome can be diagnosed by clinical and paraclinical tests together but it would be better to confirm by genetic test. The diagnosis of this syndrome helps us to try for the better quality of life for the patients and avoid unnecessary amputations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanieh Jafarieh
- Corresponding Author:Address: Pediatrics Division, Imam Khomini Hospital, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
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Davidson GL, Murphy SM, Polke JM, Laura M, Salih MAM, Muntoni F, Blake J, Brandner S, Davies N, Horvath R, Price S, Donaghy M, Roberts M, Foulds N, Ramdharry G, Soler D, Lunn MP, Manji H, Davis MB, Houlden H, Reilly MM. Frequency of mutations in the genes associated with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy in a UK cohort. J Neurol 2012; 259:1673-85. [PMID: 22302274 PMCID: PMC3752368 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-011-6397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (HSAN, also known as the hereditary sensory neuropathies) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders, characterised by a progressive sensory neuropathy often complicated by ulcers and amputations, with variable motor and autonomic involvement. To date, mutations in twelve genes have been identified as causing HSAN. To study the frequency of mutations in these genes and the associated phenotypes, we screened 140 index patients in our inherited neuropathy cohort with a clinical diagnosis of HSAN for mutations in the coding regions of SPTLC1, RAB7, WNK1/HSN2, FAM134B, NTRK1 (TRKA) and NGFB. We identified 25 index patients with mutations in six genes associated with HSAN (SPTLC1, RAB7, WNK1/HSN2, FAM134B, NTRK1 and NGFB); 20 of which appear to be pathogenic giving an overall mutation frequency of 14.3%. Mutations in the known genes for HSAN are rare suggesting that further HSAN genes are yet to be identified. The p.Cys133Trp mutation in SPTLC1 is the most common cause of HSAN in the UK population and should be screened first in all patients with sporadic or autosomal dominant HSAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. L. Davidson
- Neurogenetics Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK. MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - S. M. Murphy
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - J. M. Polke
- Neurogenetics Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK. MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - M. Laura
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - M. A. M. Salih
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - F. Muntoni
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guildford St, London, UK
| | - J. Blake
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK. Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - S. Brandner
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - N. Davies
- Department of Neurology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - R. Horvath
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - S. Price
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Oxford Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - M. Donaghy
- Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - M. Roberts
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - N. Foulds
- Clinical Genetics Service, Southampton University Hospitals Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - G. Ramdharry
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - D. Soler
- Department of Paediatrics, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | - M. P. Lunn
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - H. Manji
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - M. B. Davis
- Neurogenetics Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK. MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - H. Houlden
- Neurogenetics Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK. MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - M. M. Reilly
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
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