1
|
Neela PK, Reddy GS, Husain A, Mohan V, Thumoju S, Bv R. Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms on Locus 18q21.1 in the Etiology of Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip Palate (NSCLP) in Indian Multiplex Families. Glob Med Genet 2021; 8:24-31. [PMID: 33748821 PMCID: PMC7964250 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1723087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Cleft lip palate (CLP) is a common congenital anomaly with multifactorial etiology. Many polymorphisms at different loci on multiple chromosomes were reported to be involved in its etiology. Genetic research on a single multigenerational American family reported 18q21.1 locus as a high-risk locus for nonsyndromic CLP (NSCLP). However, its association in multiple multiplex families and Indian population is not analyzed for its association in NSCLP.
Aim
This study was aimed to evaluate whether high-risk single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosome 18q21.1 are involved in the etiology of NSCLP in multiplex Indian families.
Materials and Methods
Twenty multigenerational families affected by NSCLP were selected for the study after following inclusion and exclusion criteria. Genomic DNA was isolated from the affected and unaffected members of these 20 multiplex families and sent for genetic analysis. High-risk polymorphisms, such as rs6507872 and rs8091995 of
CTIF
, rs17715416, rs17713847 and rs183559995 of
MYO5B
, rs78950893 of
SMAD7
, rs1450425 of
LOXHD1
, and rs6507992 of
SKA1
candidate genes on the 18q21.1 locus, were analyzed. SNP genotyping was done using the MassARRAY method. Statistical analysis of the genomic data was done by PLINK.
Results
Polymorphisms followed the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. In the allelic association, all the polymorphisms had a
p
-value more than 0.05. The odds ratio was not more than 1.6 for all the SNPs.
Conclusion
High-risk polymorphisms, such as rs6507872 and rs8091995 of
CTIF
, rs17715416, rs17713847 and rs183559995 of
MYO5B
, rs78950893 of
SMAD7
, rs1450425 of
LOXHD1
, and rs6507992 of
SKA1
in the locus 18q21.1, are not associated with NSCLP in Indian multiplex families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Neela
- Department of Orthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Telangana, India and GSR Institute of Craniomaxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Gosla Srinivas Reddy
- Department of Craniofacial Surgery, GSR Institute of Craniofacial Surgery, Hyderabad, India
| | - Akhter Husain
- Department of Orthodontics, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vasavi Mohan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Vasavi Medical and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sravya Thumoju
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Vasavi Medical and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rajeshwari Bv
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Surabhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Neela PK, Gosla SR, Husain A, Mohan V, Thumoju S, Bv R. Association of MAPK4 and SOX1-OT gene polymorphisms with cleft lip palate in multiplex families: A genetic study. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2020; 14:93-96. [PMID: 32908649 PMCID: PMC7464228 DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2020.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is a common congenital anomaly. Many genes, like MAPK4 and SOX-1OT, are associated with its etiology in different populations. High-risk markers on these gene sreported in other populations were not studied in our population. Hence, the study aimed to determine the association of MAPK4 and SOX-1OT polymorphisms in CLP in multiplex families. Methods. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, we selected 20 multiplex CLP families for this case‒control study, in which the affected individuals and healthy controls selected from these families were compared. Fifty subjects affected with cleft and 38 unaffected subjects were included in the study. The polymorphisms studied for the association consisted of rs726455 and rs2969972 in the genes SOX-1 OT and MAPK4, respectively. DNA was isolated and sent for genotyping using the MassArray method. Plink, a whole-genome association analysis toolset, was used for statistical analysis. Results. Both polymorphisms followed Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The rs726455 of SOX-1OT yielded a P-value of 0.983 and an allelic odds ratio (OR) of 0.983. For rs2969972 of MAPK4, the P-value was 0.04 (significant), and the allelic OR was 0.51. Minor allele frequency (MAF) in the unaffected subjects was more than the MAF in the affected subjects for rs2969972. Conclusion. The results suggested that polymorphism rs726455 on SOX-1OT was not associated with familial cases of CLP. Since MAF in the unaffected subjects was more than the MAF-affected subjects, rs2969972 on MAPK4 is protective in the multiplex families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Neela
- Department of Orthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally. India
| | | | - Akhter Husain
- Department of Orthodontics, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India
| | - Vasavi Mohan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Vasavi Medical and Research Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sravya Thumoju
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Vasavi Medical and Research Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajeshwari Bv
- Surabhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Saleem K, Zaib T, Sun W, Fu S. Assessment of candidate genes and genetic heterogeneity in human non syndromic orofacial clefts specifically non syndromic cleft lip with or without palate. Heliyon 2019; 5:e03019. [PMID: 31886431 PMCID: PMC6921104 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Non syndromic orofacial clefts specifically non-syndromic cleft lip/palate are one of the most common craniofacial malformation among birth defects in human having multifactorial etiology with an incidence of 1:700/1000. On the basis of association with other congenital malformations or their presence as isolated anomaly, OFC can be classified as syndromic (30%) and nonsyndromic (70%) respectively. The major cause of disease demonstrates complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The pathogenic mechanism of underlying factors have been provided by different genetic studies on large-scale with significant recent advances in genotyping technologies usually based on linkage or genome wide association studies (GWAS). On the basis of recent studies, new tools to identify causative genes involved in NSCL/P reported approximately more than 30 genetic risk loci that are responsible for pathogenesis of facial deformation. Despite these findings, it is still uncertain that how much of variance in NSCL/P predisposing factors can be explain by identified risk loci, as they all together accounts for only 20%-25% of NSCL/P heritability. So there is need of further findings about the problem of rare low frequency coding variants and other missing responsive factors or genetic modifiers. This review will described those potential genes and loci reported in different studies whose involvement in pathogenesis of nonsyndromic OFC has wide scientific evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Komal Saleem
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetics Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Tahir Zaib
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetics Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetics Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Songbin Fu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetics Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The Electrical Activity of Masseter and Anterior Temporal Muscles in Patients With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate. J Craniofac Surg 2019; 30:e547-e551. [PMID: 31022137 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000005560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the electrical activity of masseter and anterior temporal muscles in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (CLP) and compare it with healthy volunteers. The study involved 20 female patients (mean age 20 ± 4 years) with unilateral cleft lip and palate who had undergone lip and palate surgery in childhood and finished the first-phase orthodontic therapy with level and align teeth. Twenty age- and sex-matched volunteers with no cleft lip and palate were involved as controls. Electromyographic (EMG) signals of masseter and anterior temporal muscles were recorded at rest position, during swallowing and during maximum bite force (MBF). EMG signals at different test conditions were compared between the cleft and noncleft sides of CLP patients and between CLP patients and healthy individuals. The EMG potentials of masseter (rest, swallowing, MBF) and temporal (rest, MBF) muscles were significantly higher in the cleft than the noncleft side of CLP patients (P value <0.001). Generally, patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate experienced a significant increase in the electrical activity of the masseter and temporal muscles in both sides compared to the control group (P <0.05). In conclusion, patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate exhibit overall greater masticatory muscle activity compared to healthy individuals. The asymmetric masticatory function in subjects with unilateral cleft lip and palate may be associated with severe consequences such as asymmetric facial growth, implying the importance of early diagnosis and orthodontic treatment to achieve a favorable environment for balanced facial growth in CLP affected patients.
Collapse
|
5
|
Böhmer AC, Gölz L, Kreusch T, Kramer FJ, Pötzsch B, Nöthen MM, Jäger A, Mangold E, Knapp M, Ludwig KU. Investigation of dominant and recessive inheritance models in genome-wide association studies data of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Birth Defects Res 2017; 110:336-341. [PMID: 29134786 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nsCL/P) is one of the most common congenital malformation worldwide, and its etiology involves both genetic and environmental factors. Recent genome-wide and targeted genetic studies of nsCL/P have identified numerous genetic risk loci, under the hypothesis of a multiplicative mode of inheritance. The present study investigated whether novel nsCL/P risk loci could be identified by analyzing dominant/recessive genetic effects in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from genome-wide association studies. For this purpose, a genome-wide investigation of dominant/recessive common SNP effects was performed in our previously published meta-analysis data set. Twenty-four loci were identified as candidate regions. In a subsequent association analysis in an independent study cohort of 224 nsCL/P patients and 986 controls of European descent, none of the loci could be replicated. Therefore, our strategy of identifying novel loci by applying different genetic models did not yield any novel findings, suggesting that recessive/dominant common variation only make a limited contribution to nsCL/P in Europeans. However, we cannot rule out that such effects are present at some of the loci that have previously been identified, or are present in different populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lina Gölz
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Kreusch
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Head and Neck Centre, Asklepios Klinik Nord, Heidberg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Kramer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Pötzsch
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Mangold
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Knapp
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kerstin U Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mehrotra D. Genomic expression in non syndromic cleft lip and palate patients: A review. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2015; 5:86-91. [PMID: 26258020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleft lip and palate are common congenital anomalies with significant medical, psychological, social, and economic ramifications, affecting one in seven hundred live births. Genetic causes of non syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCLP) include chromosomal rearrangements, genetic susceptibility to teratogenic exposures, and complex genetic contributions of multiple genes. Development of the orofacial clefts in an individual will depend on the interaction of several moderately effecting genes with environmental factors. Several candidate genes have been genotyped in different population types, using case parent trio or case control design; also genes have been sequenced and SNPs have been reported. Quantitative and molecular analysis have shown linkage and association studies to be more relevant. Recent literature search shows genome wide association studies using microarray. The aim of this paper was to review the approaches to identify genes associated with NSCLP and to analyze their differential expressions. Although no major gene has been confirmed, a lot of research is ongoing to provide an understanding of the pathophysiology of the orofacial clefts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Mehrotra
- Professor, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Barritt LC, Miller JM, Scheetz LR, Gardner K, Pierce ML, Soukup GA, Rocha-Sanchez SM. Conditional deletion of the human ortholog gene Dicer1 in Pax2-Cre expression domain impairs orofacial development. INDIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 2013; 18:310-9. [PMID: 23716939 PMCID: PMC3656520 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.107984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Orofacial clefts are common worldwide and result from insufficient growth and/or fusion during the genesis of the derivatives of the first pharyngeal arch and the frontonasal prominence. Recent studies in mice carrying conditional and tissue-specific deletions of the human ortholog Dicer1, an RNAse III family member, have highlighted its importance in cell survival, differentiation, proliferation, and morphogenesis. Nevertheless, information regarding Dicer1 and its dependent microRNAs (miRNAs) in mammalian palatogenesis and orofacial development is limited. AIMS: To describe the craniofacial phenotype, gain insight into potential mechanisms underlying the orofacial defects in the Pax2-Cre/Dicer1 CKO mouse, and shed light on the role of Dicer1 in mammalian palatogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Histological and molecular assays of wild type (WT) and Pax2-Cre/Dicer1loxP/loxP (Dicer1 CKO) mice dissected tissues have been performed to characterize and analyze the orofacial dysmorphism in Pax2-Cre/Dicer1loxP/loxP mouse. RESULTS: Dicer1 CKO mice exhibit late embryonic lethality and severe craniofacial dysmorphism, including a secondary palatal cleft. Further analysis suggest that Dicer1 deletion neither impacts primary palatal development nor the initial stages of secondary palatal formation. Instead, Dicer1 is implicated in growth, differentiation, mineralization, and survival of cells in the lateral palatal shelves. Histological and molecular analysis demonstrates that secondary palatal development becomes morphologically arrested prior to mineralization around E13.5 with a significant increase in the expression levels of apoptotic markers (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Pax2-Cre-mediated Dicer1 deletion disrupts lateral palatal outgrowth and bone mineralization during palatal shelf development, therefore providing a mammalian model for investigating the role of miRNA-mediated signaling pathways during palatogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Barritt
- Department of Oral Biology, Creighton University School of Dentistry, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Genetics and management of the patient with orofacial cleft. PLASTIC SURGERY INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2012:782821. [PMID: 23213504 PMCID: PMC3503281 DOI: 10.1155/2012/782821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cleft lip or palate (CL/P) is a common facial defect present in 1 : 700 live births and results in substantial burden to patients. There are more than 500 CL/P syndromes described, the causes of which may be single-gene mutations, chromosomopathies, and exposure to teratogens. Part of the most prevalent syndromic CL/P has known etiology. Nonsyndromic CL/P, on the other hand, is a complex disorder, whose etiology is still poorly understood. Recent genome-wide association studies have contributed to the elucidation of the genetic causes, by raising reproducible susceptibility genetic variants; their etiopathogenic roles, however, are difficult to predict, as in the case of the chromosomal region 8q24, the most corroborated locus predisposing to nonsyndromic CL/P. Knowing the genetic causes of CL/P will directly impact the genetic counseling, by estimating precise recurrence risks, and the patient management, since the patient, followup may be partially influenced by their genetic background. This paper focuses on the genetic causes of important syndromic CL/P forms (van der Woude syndrome, 22q11 deletion syndrome, and Robin sequence-associated syndromes) and depicts the recent findings in nonsyndromic CL/P research, addressing issues in the conduct of the geneticist.
Collapse
|
9
|
Study of stillbirth and major congenital anomaly among newborns in the high-level natural radiation areas of Kerala, India. J Community Genet 2012; 4:21-31. [PMID: 22875746 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-012-0113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring newborns for adverse outcomes like stillbirth and major congenital anomalies (MCA) is being carried out in government hospitals since 1995 in and around high-level natural radiation areas, a narrow strip of land on the southwest coast of Kerala, India. Natural deposits of monazite sand containing thorium and its daughter products account for elevated levels of natural radiation. Among 141,540 newborns [140,558 deliveries: 139,589 singleton, 957 twins (6.81 ‰), 11 triplets (0.078 ‰), and one quadruplet] screened, 615 (4.35 ‰) were stillbirth and MCA were seen in 1,370 (9.68 ‰) newborns. Clubfoot (404, 2.85 ‰) was the most frequent MCA followed by hypospadias (152, 2.10 ‰ among male newborns), congenital heart disease (168, 1.19 ‰), cleft lip/palate (149, 1.05 ‰), Down syndrome (104, 0.73 ‰), and neural tube defects (72, 0.51 ‰). Newborns with MCA among stillbirths were about 20-fold higher at 190.24 ‰ (117/615) compared to 8.89 ‰ (1,253/140,925) among live births (P < .001). Logistic regression was carried out to compare stillbirth, overall, and specific MCA among newborns from areas with dose levels of ≤1.5, 1.51-3.0, 3.01-6.0 and >6 mGy/year after controlling for maternal age at birth, gravida, consanguinity, ethnicity, and gender of the baby. Clubfoot showed higher prevalence of 3.26 ‰ at dose level of 1.51-3.0 mGy/year compared to 2.33 ‰ at ≤1.5 mGy/year (OR = 1.39; 95 % CI, 1.12-1.72), without indication of any clear dose-response. Prevalences of stillbirth, overall MCA, and other specific MCA were similar across different dose levels and were relatively lower than that reported elsewhere in India, probably due to better literacy, health awareness, and practices in the study population.
Collapse
|
10
|
Mangold E, Ludwig KU, Nöthen MM. Breakthroughs in the genetics of orofacial clefting. Trends Mol Med 2011; 17:725-33. [PMID: 21885341 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
11
|
Jindal P, Khurana G, Dvivedi S, Sharma JP. Intra and postoperative outcome of adding clonidine to bupivacaine in infraorbital nerve block for young children undergoing cleft lip surgery. Saudi J Anaesth 2011; 5:289-94. [PMID: 21957409 PMCID: PMC3168347 DOI: 10.4103/1658-354x.84104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims and Context: To evaluate the efficacy of adding clonidine to bupivacaine in bilateral infraorbital nerve block for hemodynamic changes, requirement of opioids, volatile agent, and muscle relaxants intraoperatively and relief of pain postoperatively Setting and Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Methods: Fifty pediatric patients aged less than 24 months undergoing elective cleft lip repair were randomly allocated to two groups of 25 each. After tracheal intubation, group A received bilateral infraorbital nerve block with 1 ml solution of clonidine (1 μg/kg) and bupivacaine 0.25%, and group B received 1 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine. Hemodynamic parameters, intraoperative requirement of volatile anesthetic agent, muscle relaxant, and analgesic were recorded. Pain was assessed postoperatively using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability scale till the first rescue drug was given. Statistical Analysis: Two sample unpaired t-test and the correlation r test. Results: The duration of analgesia from the time of administration of block in group A was 667.72 ± 210.74 min compared to 558.48 ± 150.28 min in group B (P<0.05). Conclusion: Addition of clonidine as an adjunct to local anesthetic significantly decreased the requirement of other anesthetic drugs and significantly prolonged the duration of postoperative analgesia without any adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parul Jindal
- Department of Anesthesia Pain Management & ICU, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate is a complex genetic disorder with variable phenotype, largely attributed to the interactions of the environment and multiple genes, each potentially having certain effects. Numerous genes have been reported in studies demonstrating associations and/or linkage of the cleft lip and palate phenotypes to alleles of microsatellite markers and single nucleotide polymorphisms within specific genes that regulate transcription factors, growth factors, cell signalling and detoxification metabolisms. Although the studies reporting these observations are compelling, most of them lack statistical power. This review compiles the evidence that supports linkage and associations to the various genetic loci and candidate genes. Whereas significant progress has been made in the field of cleft lip and palate genetics in the past decade, the role of the genes and genetic variations within the numerous candidate genes that have been found to associate with the expression of the orofacial cleft phenotype remain to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsna Murthy
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Chennai, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rahimov F, Jugessur A, Murray JC. Genetics of nonsyndromic orofacial clefts. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2011; 49:73-91. [PMID: 21545302 DOI: 10.1597/10-178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With an average worldwide prevalence of approximately 1.2/1000 live births, orofacial clefts are the most common craniofacial birth defects in humans. Like other complex disorders, these birth defects are thought to result from the complex interplay of multiple genes and environmental factors. Significant progress in the identification of underlying genes and pathways has benefited from large populations available for study, increased international collaboration, rapid advances in genotyping technology, and major improvements in analytic approaches. Here we review recent advances in genetic epidemiological approaches to complex traits and their applications to studies of nonsyndromic orofacial clefts. Our main aim is to bring together a discussion of new and previously identified candidate genes to create a more cohesive picture of interacting pathways that shape the human craniofacial region. In future directions, we highlight the need to search for copy number variants that affect gene dosage and rare variants that are possibly associated with a higher disease penetrance. In addition, sequencing of protein-coding regions in candidate genes and screening for genetic variation in noncoding regulatory elements will help advance this important area of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fedik Rahimov
- Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jia ZL, Shi B, Xu X, Kong XL. Interactions Between Small Ubiquitin-Like Modifier 1 and Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts. DNA Cell Biol 2011; 30:235-40. [PMID: 21189065 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2010.1110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Lin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, The People's Republic of China
- Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, The People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, The People's Republic of China
- Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, The People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, The People's Republic of China
- Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, The People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Li Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, The People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Changing Patterns in Demography of Cleft Lip–Cleft Palate Deformities in a Developing Country: The Smile Train Effect—What Lies Ahead? Plast Reconstr Surg 2011; 127:327-332. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0b013e3181f95b9c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
16
|
Jia ZL, Li Y, Meng T, Shi B. Association Between Polymorphisms at Small Ubiquitin-Like Modifier 1 and Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts in Western China. DNA Cell Biol 2010; 29:675-80. [PMID: 20738159 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2010.1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Lin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Tian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Bing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang Y, Li X, Zhu WL, Guo JZ, Song XM, Li SQ, Li Y. Genome-wide and interaction linkage scan for nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in two multiplex families in Shenyang, China. BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES : BES 2010; 23:363-370. [PMID: 21112484 DOI: 10.1016/s0895-3988(10)60077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the loci involved in nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) in Northern Chinese people in Shenyang by using genomewide and interaction linkage scan. METHODS Two multiplex families in Shenyang from North China were ascertained through probands with NSCL/P. Blood of every member was drawn for DNA extraction and analysis. Genotypes were available for 382 autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) markers from the ABI Prism Linkage Mapping Set version 2.5. Linkage between markers and NSCL/P was assessed by 2-point parametric LOD scores, multipoint-heterogeneity parametric LOD scores (HLODs), and multipoint nonparametric linkage score (NPL). RESULTS The initial scan suggested linkage on Chromosomes 1, 2, and 15. In subsequent fine mapping, 1q32-q42 showed a maximum multipoint LOD score of 1.9(empirical P=0.013) and an NPL score of 2.35 (empirical P=0.053). For 2p24-p25, the multipoint NPL increased to 2.94 (empirical P=0.007). 2-locus interaction analysis obtained a maximum NPL score of 3.73 (P=0.00078) and a maximum LOD score of 3 for Chromosome 1 (at 221 cM) and Chromosome 2 (at 29 cM). CONCLUSION Both parametric and nonparametric linkage scores greatly increased over the initial linkage scores on 1q32-q42, suggesting a susceptibility locus in this region. Nonparametric linkage gave a strong evidence for a candidate region on chromosome 2p24-p25. The superiority of 2-locus linkage scores compared to single-locus scores gave additional evidence for linkage on 1q32-q42 and 2p24-p25, and suggested that certain genes in the two regions may contribute to NCSL/P risks with interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing 100191, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jia ZL, Li Y, Chen CH, Li S, Wang Y, Zheng Q, Shi B. Association Among Polymorphisms at MYH9, Environmental Factors, and Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts in Western China. DNA Cell Biol 2010; 29:25-32. [PMID: 19891592 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2009.0935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Lin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mangold E, Reutter H, Birnbaum S, Walier M, Mattheisen M, Henschke H, Lauster C, Schmidt GÃ, Schiefke F, Reich RH, Scheer M, Hemprich A, Martini M, Braumann B, Krimmel M, Opitz C, Lenz JH, Kramer FJ, Wienker TF, Nöthen MM, Diaz Lacava A. Genome-wide linkage scan of nonsyndromic orofacial clefting in 91 families of central European origin. Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:2680-94. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
20
|
Ali A, Singh SK, Raman R. MTHFR 677TT Alone and IRF6 820GG Together with MTHFR 677CT, but Not MTHFR A1298C, Are Risks for Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate in an Indian Population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2009; 13:355-60. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2008.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Ali
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Subodh Kumar Singh
- G.S. Memorial Plastic Surgery Hospital and Trauma Centre, Varanasi, India
| | - Rajiva Raman
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chiquet BT, Hashmi SS, Henry R, Burt A, Mulliken JB, Stal S, Bray M, Blanton SH, Hecht JT. Genomic screening identifies novel linkages and provides further evidence for a role of MYH9 in nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate. Eur J Hum Genet 2008; 17:195-204. [PMID: 18716610 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2008.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCLP) is a common birth anomaly that requires prolonged multidisciplinary rehabilitation. Although variation in several genes has been identified as contributing to NSCLP, most of the genetic susceptibility loci have yet to be defined. To identify additional contributory genes, a high-throughput genomic scan was performed using the Illumina Linkage IVb Panel platform. We genotyped 6008 SNPs in nine non-Hispanic white NSCLP multiplex families and a single large African-American NSCLP multiplex family. Fourteen chromosomal regions were identified with LOD>1.5, including six regions not previously reported. Analysis of the data from the African-American and non-Hispanic white families revealed two likely chromosomal regions: 8q21.3-24.12 and 22q12.2-12.3 with LOD scores of 2.98 and 2.66, respectively. On the basis of biological function, syndecan 2 (SDC2) and growth differentiation factor 6 (GDF6) in 8q21.3-24.12 and myosin heavy-chain 9, non-muscle (MYH9) in 22q12.2-12.3 were selected as candidate genes. Association analyses from these genes yielded marginally significant P-values for SNPs in SDC2 and GDF6 (0.01<or=P<0.05). Evidence for an altered transmission was found for four MYH9 SNPs (P<0.01). SNP rs1002246 exhibited altered transmission by all analytic methods. However, analysis of two SNP MYH9 haplotypes did not identify a single high-risk haplotype. Our results confirm a previous report that 8q21.3-24.12 may harbor a clefting gene and identify 22q12.2-12.3 as a new candidate region that contains MYH9. Most importantly, we confirm the previous report of an association with MYH9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett T Chiquet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77225, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jakobsen LP, Ullmann R, Kjaer KW, Knudsen MA, Tommerup N, Eiberg H. Suggestive linkage to a neighboring region ofIRF6in a cleft lip and palate multiplex family. Am J Med Genet A 2007; 143A:2716-21. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
23
|
Carinci F, Scapoli L, Palmieri A, Zollino I, Pezzetti F. Human genetic factors in nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate: an update. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2007; 71:1509-19. [PMID: 17606301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2007.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2007] [Revised: 05/30/2007] [Accepted: 06/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (or orofacial cleft, OFC) is a malformation characterized by an incomplete separation between nasal and oral cavities without any associated anomalies. The last point defines the distinction between syndromic and nonsyndromic OFC. Nonsyndromic OFC is one of the most common malformations among live births and is composed of two separate entities: cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL+/-P) and cleft palate isolated (CPI). Because of the complex etiology of nonsyndromic OFC, which is due to the differences between CL+/-P and CPI, and the heterogeneity of each group, caused by the number of genes involved, the type of inheritance, and the interaction with environmental factors, we reviewed those genes and available loci in the literature whose involvement in the onset of nonsyndromic OFC has more sound scientific evidence. Genetic studies on human populations have demonstrated that CL+/-P and CPI have distinct genetic backgrounds and, therefore, environmental factors probably disclose only these malformations. In CL+/-P several loci, OFC from 1 to 10 have been identified. The first locus, OFC1, has been mapped to chromosome 6p24. Other CL+/-P loci have been mapped to 2p13 (OFC2), 19q13.2 (OFC3) and 4q (OFC4). OFC5-8 are identified by mutations in the MSX1, IRF6, PVRL1, and TP73L gene, respectively. OFC9 maps to 13q33.1-q34, whereas OFC10 is associated with haploinsufficiency of the SUMO1 gene. In addition, MTHFR, TGF-beta3, and RARalpha play a role in cleft onset. In CPI one gene has been identified (TBX22) at present, but others are probably involved. Greater efforts are necessary in order to have a complete picture of the main factors involved in lip and palate formation. These elements will permit us to better understand and better treat patients affected by OFC.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/genetics
- Cleft Lip/genetics
- Cleft Palate/genetics
- Gene Expression/genetics
- Humans
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Carinci
- Department of D.M.C.C.C., Section of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Ferrara, Corso, Giovecca 203, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Beiraghi S, Nath SK, Gaines M, Mandhyan DD, Hutchings D, Ratnamala U, McElreavey K, Bartoloni L, Antonarakis GS, Antonarakis SE, Radhakrishna U. Autosomal dominant nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate: significant evidence of linkage at 18q21.1. Am J Hum Genet 2007; 81:180-8. [PMID: 17564975 PMCID: PMC1950911 DOI: 10.1086/518944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Accepted: 04/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is one of the most common congenital facial defects, with an incidence of 1 in 700-1,000 live births among individuals of European descent. Several linkage and association studies of NSCL/P have suggested numerous candidate genes and genomic regions. A genomewide linkage analysis of a large multigenerational family (UR410) with NSCL/P was performed using a single-nucleotide-polymorphism array. Nonparametric linkage (NPL) analysis provided significant evidence of linkage for marker rs728683 on chromosome 18q21.1 (NPL=43.33 and P=.000061; nonparametric LOD=3.97 and P=.00001). Parametric linkage analysis with a dominant mode of inheritance and reduced penetrance resulted in a maximum LOD score of 3.61 at position 47.4 Mb on chromosome 18q21.1. Haplotype analysis with informative crossovers defined a 5.7-Mb genomic region spanned by proximal marker rs1824683 (42,403,918 bp) and distal marker rs768206 (48,132,862 bp). Thus, a novel genomic region on 18q21.1 was identified that most likely harbors a high-risk variant for NSCL/P in this family; we propose to name this locus "OFC11" (orofacial cleft 11).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Beiraghi
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|