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Huang YW, Mo YY, Echeveste CE, Oshima K, Zhang J, Yearsley M, Lin CW, Yu J, Liu P, Du M, Sun C, Xiao J, Wang LS. Black raspberries attenuate colonic adenoma development in Apc Min mice: Relationship to hypomethylation of promoters and gene bodies. FOOD FRONTIERS 2021; 1:234-242. [PMID: 34557678 PMCID: PMC8457619 DOI: 10.1002/fft2.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that in addition to promoter region, DNA methylation in intragenic and intergenic regions also changes during physiological processes and disease. The current study showed that feeding of black raspberries (BRBs) to ApcMin mice suppressed colon and intestinal tumors. MBDCap-seq suggested that dietary BRBs hypomethylated promoter, intragenic, and intergenic regions. Annotation of those regions highlighted genes in pathways involved in immune regulation, inflammatory signaling, production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species, and progression of colorectal cancer. BRB phytochemicals (e.g., ellagic acid, anthocyanins, oligosaccharides) and their gut bacterial metabolites (e.g., urolithin, protocatechuic acid, short-chain fatty acids) inhibited DNMT1 and DNMT3B activities in a cell-free assay. Our results suggest that BRBs’ hypomethylating activities result from the combined effects of multiple BRB phytochemicals and their gut bacterial metabolites. Because similar substances are found in many plant products, our results with BRBs might also apply to commonly consumed fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Yue Yang Mo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Carla Elena Echeveste
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Kiyoko Oshima
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Science of Informatics, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California
| | - Martha Yearsley
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Chien-Wei Lin
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California
| | - Pengyuan Liu
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital and Institute of Translational MedicineZhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Du
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Chongde Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology / The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Li-Shu Wang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Alterations in the amounts of microbial metabolites in different regions of the mouse large intestine using variably fermentable fibres. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Effect of oligosaccharides on the adhesion of gut bacteria to human HT-29 cells. Anaerobe 2016; 39:136-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sussman DA, Santaolalla R, Bejarano PA, Garcia-Buitrago MT, Perez MT, Abreu MT, Clarke J. In silico and Ex vivo approaches identify a role for toll-like receptor 4 in colorectal cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2014; 33:45. [PMID: 24887394 PMCID: PMC4046523 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-33-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation increases the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). We and others have described a role for TLR4, the receptor for LPS, in colon cancer. To explore the relationships between TLR4 expression and CRC, we combined the strength of transcriptome array data and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. METHODS TLR4 signal intensity was scored in the stromal and epithelial compartments. Detection of differential expression between conditions of interest was performed using linear models, Cox proportional hazards models, and empirical Bayes methods. RESULTS A strong association between TLR4 expression and survival was noted, though a dichotomous relationship between survival and specific TLR4 transcripts was observed. Increasing TLR4 expression was seen with advancing tumor stage and was also over-expressed in some adenomas. IHC staining confirmed the positive relationship between TLR4 staining score in the CRC tumor stroma and epithelium with tumor stage, with up to 47% of colon cancer stroma positive for TLR4 staining. Increased TLR4 expression by IHC was also marginally associated with decreased survival. We now also describe that pericryptal myofibroblasts are responsible for a portion of the TLR4 stromal staining. CONCLUSIONS Increased TLR4 expression occurs early in colonic neoplasia. TLR4 is associated with the important cancer-related outcomes of survival and stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Sussman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th Street, Clinical Research Building 310J, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Buc E, Dubois D, Sauvanet P, Raisch J, Delmas J, Darfeuille-Michaud A, Pezet D, Bonnet R. High prevalence of mucosa-associated E. coli producing cyclomodulin and genotoxin in colon cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56964. [PMID: 23457644 PMCID: PMC3572998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Some Escherichia coli strains produce toxins designated cyclomodulins (CMs) which interfere with the eukaryotic cell cycle of host cells, suggesting a possible link between these bacteria and cancers. There are relatively few data available concerning the colonization of colon tumors by cyclomodulin- and genotoxic-producing E. coli. We did a qualitative and phylogenetic analysis of mucosa-associated E. coli harboring cyclomodulin-encoding genes from 38 patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and 31 with diverticulosis. The functionality of these genes was investigated on cell cultures and the genotoxic activity of strains devoid of known CM-encoding gene was investigated. Results showed a higher prevalence of B2 phylogroup E. coli harboring the colibatin-producing genes in biopsies of patients with CRC (55.3%) than in those of patients with diverticulosis (19.3%), (p<0.01). Likewise, a higher prevalence of B2 E. coli harboring the CNF1-encoding genes in biopsies of patients with CRC (39.5%) than in those of patients with diverticulosis (12.9%), (p = 0.01). Functional analysis revealed that the majority of these genes were functional. Analysis of the ability of E. coli to adhere to intestinal epithelial cells Int-407 indicated that highly adherent E. coli strains mostly belonged to A and D phylogroups, whatever the origin of the strains (CRC or diverticulosis), and that most E. coli strains belonging to B2 phylogroup displayed very low levels of adhesion. In addition, 27.6% (n = 21/76) E. coli strains devoid of known cyclomodulin-encoding genes induced DNA damage in vitro, as assessed by the comet assay. In contrast to cyclomodulin-producing E. coli, these strains mainly belonged to A or D E. coli phylogroups, and exhibited a non significant difference in the distribution of CRC and diverticulosis specimens (22% versus 32.5%, p = 0.91). In conclusion, cyclomodulin-producing E. coli belonging mostly to B2 phylogroup colonize the colonic mucosa of patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Buc
- UMR 1071 Inserm/Université d'Auvergne, Clermont Université, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- USC 2018, INRA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Service de Chirurgie digestive, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Damien Dubois
- UMR 1071 Inserm/Université d'Auvergne, Clermont Université, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- USC 2018, INRA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Service de Bactériologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Sauvanet
- UMR 1071 Inserm/Université d'Auvergne, Clermont Université, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- USC 2018, INRA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Service de Chirurgie digestive, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jennifer Raisch
- UMR 1071 Inserm/Université d'Auvergne, Clermont Université, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- USC 2018, INRA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien Delmas
- UMR 1071 Inserm/Université d'Auvergne, Clermont Université, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- USC 2018, INRA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Service de Bactériologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud
- UMR 1071 Inserm/Université d'Auvergne, Clermont Université, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- USC 2018, INRA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Service de Bactériologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Denis Pezet
- UMR 1071 Inserm/Université d'Auvergne, Clermont Université, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- USC 2018, INRA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Service de Chirurgie digestive, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Richard Bonnet
- UMR 1071 Inserm/Université d'Auvergne, Clermont Université, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- USC 2018, INRA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Service de Bactériologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Maldonado Galdeano C, Novotny Núñez I, de Moreno de LeBlanc A, Carmuega E, Weill R, Perdigón G. Impact of a probiotic fermented milk in the gut ecosystem and in the systemic immunity using a non-severe protein-energy-malnutrition model in mice. BMC Gastroenterol 2011; 11:64. [PMID: 21615956 PMCID: PMC3125276 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-11-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition affects the immune response, causing a decrease of defence mechanisms and making the host more susceptible to infections. Probiotics can reconstitute the intestinal mucosa and stimulate local and systemic immunity. The aim of this work was evaluate the effects of a probiotic fermented milk as a complement of a re-nutrition diet, on the recovery of the intestinal barrier, and mucosal and systemic immune functions in a murine model of non-severe protein-energy-malnutrition. Its potential protection against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) infection was also analyzed. METHODS Mice were undernourished and divided into 3 groups according to the dietary supplement received during re-nutrition (milk, probiotic fermented milk or its bacterial free supernatant) and compared to well-nourished and malnourished mice. They were sacrificed previous to the re-nutrition and 5 days post re-nutrition. The phagocytic activity of macrophages from spleen and peritoneum and the changes in the intestinal histology and microbiota were evaluated. Different immune cell populations and cytokine productions were analyzed in the small intestine tissues. The effect of the re-nutrition supplements on the systemic immunity using OVA antigen and against an infection with S. Typhimurium was also studied. RESULTS Probiotic fermented milk was the most effective re-nutrition diet that improved the intestinal microbiota. Its administration also increased the number of IgA+ cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. The production of different cytokine (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12) by these cells and the phagocytic activity in peritoneum and spleen was also increased. This re-nutrition diet also stimulated the systemic immune response against OVA antigen which was diminished after the malnutrition period and also improved the host response against S. Typhimurium, decreasing the spread of pathogenic bacteria to the liver and the spleen. The importance of the metabolites released during milk fermentation was also demonstrated through the analysis of the bacterial free supernatant obtained from the probiotic fermented milk, but the whole product showed the best effects in the parameters evaluated in this study. CONCLUSIONS The administration of probiotic fermented milk as a dietary supplement during the re-nutrition process in a murine immunodeficiency model by malnutrition could be a good adjuvant diet to improve the gut and systemic immune response for the protection against Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Maldonado Galdeano
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Chacabuco 145, San Miguel de Tucumán (T4000ILC) Tucumán, Argentina
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Girard-pipau F, Pompei A, Nano JL, Boquet X, Rampal P. Intestinal Microflora, Short Chain and Cellular Fatty Acids, Influence of a Probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/08910600310002109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Girard-pipau
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie Hôpital de l'Archet CHU de Nice
| | - A. Pompei
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie Hôpital de l'Archet CHU de Nice
| | - J. L. Nano
- Département de Gastroentérologie Hôpital de l'Archet CHU de Nice
| | - X. Boquet
- Département de Gastroentérologie Hôpital de l'Archet CHU de Nice
| | - P. Rampal
- Département de Gastroentérologie Hôpital de l'Archet CHU de Nice
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Macfarlane, M. J. Hopkins, G. T. Ma S. Bacterial Growth and Metabolism on Surfaces in the Large Intestine. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/089106000750060314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Wagner RD, Johnson SJ, Kurniasih Rubin D. Probiotic bacteria are antagonistic to Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter jejuni and influence host lymphocyte responses in human microbiota-associated immunodeficient and immunocompetent mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 53:377-88. [PMID: 19065588 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200800101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A defined human microbiota-associated (HMA) mouse model in BALB/c and immunodeficient Tgepsilon26 mice was used to assess the ability of probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria to enhance colonization resistance to gastrointestinal (GI) tract pathogens. Probiotic bacteria (1x10(8) colony forming unit (CFU)/mL) successfully excluded Campylobacter jejuni from both strains of mice 7 days after challenge. The probiotic bacteria also reduced the number of Salmonella in the large intestines of both mouse strains. The nylon wool fractionated spleen lymphocyte populations were incubated with Salmonella or C. jejuni antigens. The probiotic treatments did not affect lymphocyte proliferation to C. jejuni antigens, but significantly increased proliferation of lymphocytes to Salmonella antigens by 68 and 55%, respectively, over untreated mice. Caspase 3/7 activation was significantly reduced 33 and 38% in the T and B lymphocyte fractions, respectively, of probiotic-treated, Salmonella-challenged HMA BALB/c mice, suggesting that lymphocyte rescue from apoptosis was occurring as a result of probiotic bacteria activity. These results revealed an immunosuppressive activity by Salmonella that was inhibited by the presence of probiotic bacteria. In summary, lactobacilli and bifidobacteria competitively excluded C. jejuni from immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice and antagonized an observable Salmonella-induced immunosuppression in immunocompetent mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Doug Wagner
- National Center for Toxicological Research, USFDA, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA.
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Bacteroides fragilis induce necrosis on mice peritoneal macrophages: In vitro and in vivo assays. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 387:627-32. [PMID: 19497302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.05.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacteroides fragilis is an anaerobic bacteria component of human intestinal microbiota and agent of infections. In the host B. fragilis interacts with macrophages, which produces toxic radicals like NO. The interaction of activated mice peritoneal macrophages with four strains of B. fragilis was evaluated on this study. Previously was shown that such strains could cause metabolic and morphologic alterations related to macrophage death. In this work propidium iodide staining showed the strains inducing macrophage necrosis in that the labeling was evident. Besides nitroblue tetrazolium test showed that B. fragilis stimulates macrophage to produce oxygen radicals. In vivo assays performed in BalbC mice have results similar to those for in vitro tests as well as scanning electron microscopy, which showed the same surface pore-like structures observed in vitro before. The results revealed that B. fragilis strains studied lead to macrophage death by a process similar to necrosis.
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Dock-Nascimento DB, Junqueira K, Aguilar-Nascimento JED. Rapid restoration of colonic goblet cells induced by a hydrolyzed diet containing probiotics in experimental malnutrition. Acta Cir Bras 2008; 22 Suppl 1:72-6. [PMID: 17505659 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502007000700014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of the addition of probiotic bacteria to a hydrolyzed diet on the recovery of goblet cells during renutrition in an animal model of malnutrition. METHODS Twenty-six male Wistar rats (200-250g) were included in the study. Six were kept under normal conditions (sham group) while twenty received an aproteic diet for 15 days, and were randomized thereafter to receive a hydrolyzed diet containing (n=6; probiotic group) or not (n=6; hydrolyzed group) probiotics (10(6) cfu/g of Streptococcus thermophilus e Lactobacillus helveticus); or immediately killed (n=8; aproteic group). Histological slides containing cecal and sigmoid biopsies were used to counting the number of goblet cells and the goblet cells/colonocytes ratio. RESULTS Malnutrition diminished the population of goblet cells in all sites. Goblet cells/colonocytes ratio of the probiotic group was significantly greater than hydrolyzed group at the ceccum (0.39 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.34 +/-0.02; p=0.02). Only rats fed with probiotics showed complete restoration of the normal goblet cells/colonocytes ratio at the sigmoid (0.37 +/- 0,02 vs. 0.22 +/- 0,03; p<0,001). CONCLUSION Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus helveticus added to a renutrition diet enhance the recovery of mucosal atrophy induced by malnutrition and especially induce a rapid restoration of goblet cells population in the malnourished colonic mucosa.
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Wagner RD, Johnson SJ, Cerniglia CE. In vitro model of colonization resistance by the enteric microbiota: effects of antimicrobial agents used in food-producing animals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 52:1230-7. [PMID: 18227184 PMCID: PMC2292567 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00852-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2007] [Revised: 10/08/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A bioassay was developed to measure the minimum concentration of an antimicrobial drug that disrupts the colonization resistance mediated by model human intestinal microbiota against Salmonella invasion of Caco-2 intestinal cells. The bioassay was used to measure the minimum disruptive concentrations (MDCs) of drugs used in animal agriculture. The MDCs varied from 0.125 microg/ml for some broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs (e.g., streptomycin) to 16 microg/ml for drugs with limited spectra of antimicrobial activity (e.g., lincomycin). The acceptable daily intake (ADI) residue concentration calculated on the basis of the MDCs were higher for erythromycin, lincomycin, and tylosin than the ADI residue concentrations calculated on the basis of the MICs. The MDC-based ADI values for apramycin, bacitracin, neomycin, novobiocin, penicillin G, streptomycin, tetracycline, and vancomycin were lower than the reported MIC-based ADI values. The effects of antimicrobial drugs at their MDCs on the bacterial composition of the microbiota were observed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rRNA sequences amplified by PCR. Changes in the population composition of the model colonization resistance microbiota occurred simultaneously with reduced colonization resistance. The results of this study suggest that direct assessment of the effects of antimicrobial drugs on colonization resistance in an in vitro model can be useful in determining ADI values.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Doug Wagner
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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Antunes LCM, Ferreira LQ, Ferreira EO, Miranda KR, Avelar KES, Domingues RMCP, Ferreira MCDS. Bacteroides species produce Vibrio harveyi autoinducer 2-related molecules. Anaerobe 2005; 11:295-301. [PMID: 16701587 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2005.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2004] [Revised: 06/08/2004] [Accepted: 03/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Quorum sensing is a density-dependent gene regulation mechanism that has been described in many bacterial species in the last decades. Bacteria that use quorum sensing as part of their gene regulation circuits produce molecules called autoinducers that accumulate in the environment and activate target genes in a quorum-dependent way. Some specific clues led us to hypothesize that Bacteroides species can produce autoinducers and possess a quorum sensing system. First, Bacteroides are anaerobic bacteria that are frequently involved in polymicrobial infections. These infections often involve Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, two of the best understood examples of bacteria that employ quorum sensing systems as part of their pathogenesis. Also, studies have detected the presence of a quorum sensing gene involved in the production of autoinducers in Porphyromonas gingivalis, a species closely related to the Bacteroides genus. These and other evidences prompted us to investigate if Bacteroides strains could produce autoinducer molecules that could be detected by a Vibrio harveyi reporter system. In this paper, we show that supernatants of B. fragilis, B. vulgatus and B. distasonis strains are able to stimulate the V. harveyi quorum sensing system 2. Also, we were able to demonstrate that the stimulation detected is due to the production of autoinducer molecules and not the growth of reporter strains after addition of supernatant. Moreover, the phenomenon observed does not seem to represent the degradation of repressors possibly present in the culture medium used. We could also amplify bands from some of the strains tested using primers designed to the luxS gene of Escherichia coli. Altogether, our results show that B. fragilis, B. vulgatus and B. distasonis (but possibly some other species) can produce V. harveyi autoinducer 2-related molecules. However, the role of such molecules in the biology of these organisms remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Caetano Martha Antunes
- Departmento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21941-590, RJ-Brasil.
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Vieira JMBD, Vallim DC, Ferreira EO, Seabra SH, Vommaro RC, Avelar KES, De Souza W, Ferreira MCS, Domingues RMCP. Bacteroides fragilis interferes with iNOS activity and leads to pore formation in macrophage surface. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 326:607-13. [PMID: 15596142 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bacteroides fragilis is the anaerobe most commonly recoverable from clinical specimens. The wide genetic diversity of this bacterium related with virulence potential is still an open question. In this study, we analyzed the morphological aspects and microbicide action of MØ during interactions with B. fragilis. A filamentous cytoplasm content release and a different actin organization colocalized with iNOS were detected. It was also possible to observe the reduction of NO production in the same conditions. The scanning electron microscopy showed the formation of pore-like structures in the surface of macrophages in the bacterial presence and by transmission electron microscopy we could observe the extrusion of cytoplasm contents as well as the condensation of chromatin in the nucleus periphery. These data suggest the existence of an inhibitory mechanism developed by B. fragilis strains for one of the macrophage microbicide actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Manya B D Vieira
- Laboratório de Biologia de Anaeróbios, Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Ferreira EO, Falcão LS, Vallim DC, Santos FJ, Andrade JRC, Andrade AFB, Vommaro RC, Ferreira MCS, Domingues RMCP. Bacteroides fragilis adherence to Caco-2 cells. Anaerobe 2002; 8:307-14. [PMID: 16887674 DOI: 10.1016/s1075-9964(03)00008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2002] [Revised: 10/18/2002] [Accepted: 12/20/2002] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ability of ten Bacteroides fragilis strains isolated from intestinal and non-intestinal infections, normal flora and environment to adhere to human colon carcinoma cells, Caco-2, was examined. The adherence capacity varied among the strains tested from strongly adherent (76-100%) to non- or weakly adherent (0-25%). Negative staining with Indian ink showed that all the strains were capsulated, although strain 1032 (strongly adherent and originated from bacteremia) had the highest rate of capsulated cells in the culture. All strains studied presented an electron-dense layer and no fimbrial structures in their surface after PTA negative staining. The analysis of the strains with ruthenium red showed the presence of an acidic polysaccharide and also surface vesicles in all of them. The strain 1032 presented an aggregative adherence pattern toward Caco-2 cells monolayers. It could be seen trapped by elongated microvilli and surrounded by extracellular material in the scanning electron microscope. Treatment with sodium periodate (100 mM/1 h) reduced significantly its adherence capacity and also the expression of an electron-dense layer and of the capsule, detected with PTA and Indian ink staining, respectively. We suggest that the capsular polysaccharide might mediate the adherence of the B. fragilis to Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Ferreira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, UFRJ, Av. Brigadeiro Trompovsky, s/n, CCS, Bloco I, 2o andar, sala 6, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
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Allori C, Agüero G, de Ruiz Holgado AP, de Nader OM, Perdigon G. Gut mucosa morphology and microflora changes in malnourished mice after renutrition with milk and administration of Lactobacillus casei. J Food Prot 2000; 63:83-90. [PMID: 10643774 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-63.1.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition plays a key role in maintaining the balance of the intestinal microflora. Malnutrition disturbs the ecological barrier and induces histological damage. We evaluated modifications induced by renutrition with nonfat milk (NFM) and Lactobacillus casei administration (for 2 days) on the bacterial gut population and structural and ultrastructural gut modifications in malnourished mice. Balb/c mice suffering from a malnutrition process immediately after weaning (for 21 days) were divided into four groups and were given NFM for 0, 7, 14, and 21 days. Another group was treated in a similar way, but after different periods of NFM administration, mice in this group received L. casei for two consecutive days. All experimental animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, and both the microflora and the histological structure of the intestine were studied. In malnourished animals, a decrease in the numbers of Lactobacillus and anaerobic microorganisms was observed, whereas there was an increase in the number of Enterobacteriaceae. In animals treated with NFM and NFM plus L. casei, we could observe an important improvement in the microflora in the small and large intestines but no differences between both treatments. Structural and ultrastructural studies showed a slight improvement 7 days after treatment with NFM, and for 14 and 21 days after renutrition, the mice showed normal intestinal villi, whereas the additional feeding with L. casei for two consecutive days, after different periods of renutrition, yielded an earlier improvement (7 days).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Allori
- Instituto de Microbiología, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina
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