1
|
Lee S, Liu H, Wilen CB, Sychev ZE, Desai C, Hykes BL, Orchard RC, McCune BT, Kim KW, Nice TJ, Handley SA, Baldridge MT, Amarasinghe GK, Virgin HW. A Secreted Viral Nonstructural Protein Determines Intestinal Norovirus Pathogenesis. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 25:845-857.e5. [PMID: 31130511 PMCID: PMC6622463 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Murine norovirus (MNoV) infects a low percentage of enteric tuft cells and can persist in these cells for months following acute infection. Both tuft-cell tropism and resistance to interferon-λ (IFN-λ)-mediated clearance during persistent infection requires the viral nonstructural protein 1/2 (NS1/2). We show that processing of NS1/2 yields NS1, an unconventionally secreted viral protein that is central for IFN-λ resistance. MNoV infection globally suppresses intestinal IFN-λ responses, which is attributable to secreted NS1. MNoV NS1 secretion is triggered by caspase-3 cleavage of NS1/2, and a secreted form of human NoV NS1 is also observed. NS1 secretion is essential for intestinal infection and resistance to IFN-λ in vivo. NS1 vaccination alone protects against MNoV challenge, despite the lack of induction of neutralizing anti-capsid antibodies previously shown to confer protection. Thus, despite infecting a low number of tuft cells, NS1 secretion allows MNoV to globally suppress IFN responses and promote persistence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Hejun Liu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Craig B Wilen
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Zoi E Sychev
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chandni Desai
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Barry L Hykes
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robert C Orchard
- Department of Immunology, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Broc T McCune
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ki-Wook Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Timothy J Nice
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Scott A Handley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Megan T Baldridge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gaya K Amarasinghe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Herbert W Virgin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|