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Wang D, Zhao Y, Tang S, Liu X, Li W, Han P, Zeng D, Yang Y, Wei G, Kang Y, Si X. Nearby large islands diminish biodiversity of the focal island by a negative target effect. J Anim Ecol 2023; 92:492-502. [PMID: 36478128 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography postulates that larger and closer islands support higher biodiversity through the dynamic balance of colonization and extinction processes. The negative diversity-isolation (i.e. the distance to the mainland) relationship is derived based on the assumption that the mainland is the only source pool for island biotas. However, nearby islands could also act as species sources for focal islands via a source effect. In this study, we move a further step and hypothesize that nearby islands may reduce bird colonizers of the focal island and diminish its biodiversity, resulting in a negative target effect. To test our hypothesis, we assessed the effects of island area and isolation (metrics considering both the mainland and nearby islands) on taxonomic (i.e. species richness), functional and phylogenetic diversity of terrestrial breeding birds on 42 islands in the largest archipelago of China, the Zhoushan Archipelago. Furthermore, we compared the predictive power of the distance to the large island under a set of relative area thresholds and the relative area of nearby islands on species richness under a set of distance thresholds to explore the role of nearby islands as a source and/or target island. We found that island area had a positive effect on species richness, phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity, while the distance to the mainland had a negative effect only on species richness. Species richness on the focal island increased with increasing distance to the nearest larger island, indicating the negative target effect. Furthermore, the negative target effect depended on the area of nearby islands relative to the area of the focal island. Our finding of the negative target effect suggests islands located between the mainland and the focal island can be not only sources or stepping stones, but also colonization targets. This result demonstrates the importance of considering multiple geographical attributes of islands in island biogeographic studies, especially the characteristics related to source and/or target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duorun Wang
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhao Zhao
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shupei Tang
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangxu Liu
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wande Li
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Han
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Zeng
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangheshan Yang
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangpeng Wei
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Kang
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingfeng Si
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Global airborne bacterial community-interactions with Earth's microbiomes and anthropogenic activities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204465119. [PMID: 36215495 PMCID: PMC9586312 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204465119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the interactions of planetary microbiomes and their ecological and health consequences requires in-depth knowledge of bacterial communities in the atmosphere, which is the most untouched microbial habitat on the Earth. By establishing a comprehensive atlas of global airborne bacteria, we found that half of the airborne bacteria originate from surrounding environments and are mainly influenced by local meteorological and air quality conditions. One feature of the airborne bacteria in urban areas is that an increasing proportion consists of potential pathogens from human-related sources. The present study defines the aerial microbial world and its origins in a changing climate, and contributes to assessments of the health impact in atmospheric environments. Airborne bacteria are an influential component of the Earth’s microbiomes, but their community structure and biogeographic distribution patterns have yet to be understood. We analyzed the bacterial communities of 370 air particulate samples collected from 63 sites around the world and constructed an airborne bacterial reference catalog with more than 27 million nonredundant 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences. We present their biogeographic pattern and decipher the interlacing of the microbiome co-occurrence network with surface environments of the Earth. While the total abundance of global airborne bacteria in the troposphere (1.72 × 1024 cells) is 1 to 3 orders of magnitude lower than that of other habitats, the number of bacterial taxa (i.e., richness) in the atmosphere (4.71 × 108 to 3.08 × 109) is comparable to that in the hydrosphere, and its maximum occurs in midlatitude regions, as is also observed in other ecosystems. The airborne bacterial community harbors a unique set of dominant taxa (24 species); however, its structure appears to be more easily perturbed, due to the more prominent role of stochastic processes in shaping community assembly. This is corroborated by the major contribution of surface microbiomes to airborne bacteria (averaging 46.3%), while atmospheric conditions such as meteorological factors and air quality also play a role. Particularly in urban areas, human impacts weaken the relative importance of plant sources of airborne bacteria and elevate the occurrence of potential pathogens from anthropogenic sources. These findings serve as a key reference for predicting planetary microbiome responses and the health impacts of inhalable microbiomes with future changes in the environment.
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Morrone JJ. Matthew's (1915) climate and evolution, the "New York School of Biogeography", and the rise and fall of "Holarcticism". HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF THE LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 44:15. [PMID: 35441959 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-022-00500-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Climate and evolution (Matthew, 1915) represents an important contribution to evolutionary biogeography, that influenced several authors, notably Karl P. Schmidt, George S. Myers, George G. Simpson, Philip J. Darlington, Ernst Mayr, Thomas Barbour, John C. Poynton, Allen Keast, Léon Croizat, Robin Craw, Michael Heads, and Osvaldo A. Reig. Authors belonging to the "New York School of Zoogeography" -a research community including Matthew, Schmidt, Myers and Simpson- accepted Matthew's "Holarcticism" (north temperate centers of origin) and the permanence of ocean basins and continents, whereas others, especially panbiogeographers and cladistic biogeographers, were extremely critical and reacted against these ideas. "Holarcticism" has been falsified and rejected by dispersalists and the "New York School of Zoogeography" disappeared in the 1970s. Matthew, however, continues being identified by panbiogeographers and cladistic biogeographers as a key representative of classic dispersalism, helping provide some cohesion to their research communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Morrone
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, México.
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4
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Rodriguez‐Silva R, Schlupp I. Biogeography of the West Indies: A complex scenario for species radiations in terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:2416-2430. [PMID: 33767811 PMCID: PMC7981229 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of the biogeography of the West Indies are numerous but not all taxonomic groups have received the same attention. Many of the contributions to this field have historically focused on terrestrial vertebrates from a perspective closely linked to the classical theory of island biogeography. However, some recent works have questioned whether some of the assumptions of this theory are too simplistic. In this review, we compiled information about the West Indies biogeography based on an extensive and rigorous literature search. While we offer some background of the main hypotheses that explain the origin of the Caribbean biota, our main purpose here is to highlight divergent diversification patterns observed in terrestrial versus aquatic groups of the West Indian biota and also to shed light on the unbalanced number of studies covering the biogeography of these groups of organisms. We use an objective method to compile existing information in the field and produce a rigorous literature review. Our results show that most of the relevant literature in the field is related to the study of terrestrial organisms (mainly vertebrates) and only a small portion covers aquatic groups. Specifically, livebearing fishes show interesting deviations from the species-area relationship predicted by classical island biogeography theory. We found that species richness on the Greater Antilles is positively correlated with island size but also with the presence of elevations showing that not only island area but also mountainous relief may be an important factor determining the number of freshwater species in the Greater Antilles. Our findings shed light on mechanisms that may differently drive speciation in aquatic versus terrestrial environments suggesting that ecological opportunity could outweigh the importance of island size in speciation. Investigations into freshwater fishes of the West Indies offer a promising avenue for understanding origins and subsequent diversification of the Caribbean biota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ingo Schlupp
- Department of BiologyUniversity of OklahomaNormanOKUSA
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5
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Triantis KA, Matthews TJ. Biodiversity theory backed by island bird data. Nature 2020; 579:36-37. [PMID: 32123360 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-020-00426-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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6
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Heads M. Passive uplift of plant and animal populations during mountain‐building. Cladistics 2019; 35:550-572. [DOI: 10.1111/cla.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heads
- Buffalo Museum of Science 1020 Humboldt Parkway Buffalo NY 14211‐1293 USA
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7
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Ávila SP, Melo C, Berning B, Sá N, Quartau R, Rijsdijk KF, Ramalho RS, Cordeiro R, De Sá NC, Pimentel A, Baptista L, Medeiros A, Gil A, Johnson ME. Towards a 'Sea-Level Sensitive' dynamic model: impact of island ontogeny and glacio-eustasy on global patterns of marine island biogeography. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1116-1142. [PMID: 30609249 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic model is presented to enlarge the evolutionary framework of the General Dynamic Model (GDM) and the Glacial Sensitive Model (GSM) of oceanic island biogeography from the terrestrial to the marine realm. The proposed 'Sea-Level Sensitive' dynamic model (SLS) of marine island biogeography integrates historical and ecological biogeography with patterns of glacio-eustasy, merging concepts from areas as diverse as taxonomy, biogeography, marine biology, volcanology, sedimentology, stratigraphy, palaeontology, geochronology and geomorphology. Fundamental to the SLS model is the dynamic variation of the littoral area of volcanic oceanic islands (defined as the area between the intertidal and the 50-m isobath) in response to sea-level oscillations driven by glacial-interglacial cycles. The following questions are considered by means of this revision: (i) what was the impact of (global) glacio-eustatic sea-level oscillations, particularly those of the Pleistocene glacial-interglacial episodes, on the littoral marine fauna and flora of volcanic oceanic islands? (ii) What are the main factors that explain the present littoral marine biodiversity on volcanic oceanic islands? (iii) How can differences in historical and ecological biogeography be reconciled, from a marine point of view? These questions are addressed by compiling the bathymetry of 11 Atlantic archipelagos/islands to obtain quantitative data regarding changes in the littoral area based on Pleistocene sea-level oscillations, from 150 thousand years ago (ka) to the present. Within the framework of a model sensitive to changing sea levels, we discuss the principal factors affecting the geographical range of marine species; the relationships between modes of larval development, dispersal strategies and geographical range; the relationships between times of speciation, modes of larval development, ecological zonation and geographical range; the influence of sea-surface temperatures and latitude on littoral marine species diversity; the effect of eustatic sea-level changes and their impact on the littoral marine biota; island marine species-area relationships; and finally, the physical effects of island ontogeny and its associated submarine topography and marine substrate on littoral biota. Based on the SLS dynamic model, we offer a number of predictions for tropical, subtropical and temperate volcanic oceanic islands on how rates of immigration, colonization, in-situ speciation, local disappearance, and extinction interact and affect the marine biodiversity around islands during glacials and interglacials, thus allowing future testing of the theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio P Ávila
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.,MPB-Marine PalaeoBiogeography Working Group of the University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal
| | - Carlos Melo
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.,MPB-Marine PalaeoBiogeography Working Group of the University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.,Departamento de Geologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Björn Berning
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.,Oberösterreichisches Landesmuseum, Geowissenschaftliche Sammlungen, Leonding 4060, Austria
| | - Nuno Sá
- Departamento de Ciências Tecnológicas e do Desenvolvimento, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal
| | - Rui Quartau
- Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Divisão de Geologia Marinha, Instituto Hidrográfico, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Kenneth F Rijsdijk
- Theoretical and Computational Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098, The Netherlands
| | - Ricardo S Ramalho
- Departamento de Geologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1749-016, Portugal.,Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, U.K
| | - Ricardo Cordeiro
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.,MPB-Marine PalaeoBiogeography Working Group of the University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal
| | - Nuno C De Sá
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, 2300, The Netherlands
| | - Adriano Pimentel
- Centro de Informação e Vigilância Sismovulcânica dos Açores, Rua Mãe de Deus, Ponta Delgada, 9501-801, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação em Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, 9501-801, Portugal
| | - Lara Baptista
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.,MPB-Marine PalaeoBiogeography Working Group of the University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal
| | - António Medeiros
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal
| | - Artur Gil
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.,Ce3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, 9501-801, Portugal
| | - Markes E Johnson
- Department of Geosciences, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, U.S.A
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8
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Castaño JH, Carranza JA, Pérez-Torres J. Diet and trophic structure in assemblages of montane frugivorous phyllostomid bats. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Species traits modify the species-area relationship in ground-beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages on islands in a boreal lake. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190174. [PMID: 29261805 PMCID: PMC5738139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Life-history traits influence colonization, persistence, and extinction of species on islands and are important aspects of theories predicting the geographical distribution and evolution of species. We used data collected from a large freshwater lake (1,413 km2) in central Canada to test the effects of island area and isolation on species richness and abundance of carabid beetles as a function of body size, wing length, and breeding season. A total of 10,018 individual beetles from 37 species were collected during the frost-free period of 2013 using transects of pitfall traps on 30 forested islands ranging in area from 0.2 to 980.7 ha. Life-history traits improved the predictive ability and significantly modified the shape of species-area and abundance-area curves. Abundance and richness of small-bodied (< 13.9 mm), macropterous (winged), and spring-breeding species decreased with island area and increased with isolation. In contrast, richness and abundance of larger-bodied (> 14.0 mm) and flightless species increased with area, but not isolation. Body size of female Carabus taedatus Fabricius, the largest-bodied species, was positively related to island area, while body size on the adjacent mainland was most similar to that on smaller islands. Overall, species with large body size and low dispersal ability, as indicated by flightlessness, were most sensitive to reductions in area. We suggest that large-bodied, flightless species are rare on small islands because habitat is less suitable for them and immigration rates are lower because they depend on freshwater drift for dispersal to islands.
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Abstract
The use of culture-independent techniques has allowed us to appreciate that the upper and lower respiratory tract contain a diverse community of microbes in health and disease. Research has only recently explored the effects of the microbiome on the host immune response. The exposure of the human body to the bacterial environment is an important factor for immunological development; thus, the interaction between the microbiome and its host is critical to understanding the pathogenesis of disease. In this article, we discuss the mechanisms that determine the composition of the airway microbiome and its effects on the host immune response. With the use of ecological principles, we have learned how the lower airways constitute a unique niche subjected to frequent microbial migration (e.g., through aspiration) and constant immunological pressure. The discussion will focus on the possible inflammatory pathways that are up- and downregulated when the immune system is challenged by dysbiosis. Identification of potential markers and microbial targets to address the modulation of inflammation in early disease, when changes may have the most effect, will be critical for future therapies.
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11
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Burbrink FT, McKelvy AD, Pyron RA, Myers EA. Predicting community structure in snakes on Eastern Nearctic islands using ecological neutral theory and phylogenetic methods. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:rspb.2015.1700. [PMID: 26609083 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting species presence and richness on islands is important for understanding the origins of communities and how likely it is that species will disperse and resist extinction. The equilibrium theory of island biogeography (ETIB) and, as a simple model of sampling abundances, the unified neutral theory of biodiversity (UNTB), predict that in situations where mainland to island migration is high, species-abundance relationships explain the presence of taxa on islands. Thus, more abundant mainland species should have a higher probability of occurring on adjacent islands. In contrast to UNTB, if certain groups have traits that permit them to disperse to islands better than other taxa, then phylogeny may be more predictive of which taxa will occur on islands. Taking surveys of 54 island snake communities in the Eastern Nearctic along with mainland communities that have abundance data for each species, we use phylogenetic assembly methods and UNTB estimates to predict island communities. Species richness is predicted by island area, whereas turnover from the mainland to island communities is random with respect to phylogeny. Community structure appears to be ecologically neutral and abundance on the mainland is the best predictor of presence on islands. With regard to young and proximate islands, where allopatric or cladogenetic speciation is not a factor, we find that simple neutral models following UNTB and ETIB predict the structure of island communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank T Burbrink
- Department of Herpetology, The American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024-5192, USA Department of Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA Department of Biology, College of Staten Island, 2800 Victory Boulevard, 6S-143, Staten Island, New York, NY 10314, USA
| | - Alexander D McKelvy
- Department of Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA Department of Biology, College of Staten Island, 2800 Victory Boulevard, 6S-143, Staten Island, New York, NY 10314, USA
| | - R Alexander Pyron
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, 2023 G Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Edward A Myers
- Department of Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA Department of Biology, College of Staten Island, 2800 Victory Boulevard, 6S-143, Staten Island, New York, NY 10314, USA
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12
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Heads M. The relationship between biogeography and ecology: envelopes, models, predictions. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heads
- Buffalo Museum of Science; 1020 Humboldt Parkway Buffalo NY 14211-1293 USA
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13
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Warren BH, Simberloff D, Ricklefs RE, Aguilée R, Condamine FL, Gravel D, Morlon H, Mouquet N, Rosindell J, Casquet J, Conti E, Cornuault J, Fernández-Palacios JM, Hengl T, Norder SJ, Rijsdijk KF, Sanmartín I, Strasberg D, Triantis KA, Valente LM, Whittaker RJ, Gillespie RG, Emerson BC, Thébaud C. Islands as model systems in ecology and evolution: prospects fifty years after MacArthur-Wilson. Ecol Lett 2015; 18:200-17. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben H. Warren
- Institute of Systematic Botany; University of Zurich; Zollikerstrasse 107 8008 Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN 37996 USA
- UMR PVBMT; Université de La Réunion-CIRAD; 7 chemin de l'IRAT Ligne Paradis 97410 Saint Pierre Réunion France
| | - Daniel Simberloff
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Robert E. Ricklefs
- Department of Biology; University of Missouri at St. Louis; 8001 Natural Bridge Road St. Louis MO 63121 USA
| | - Robin Aguilée
- Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique; UMR 5174 CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-ENFA; 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Fabien L. Condamine
- CNRS; UMR 7641 Centre de Mathématiques Appliquées (Ecole Polytechnique); Route de Saclay 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - Dominique Gravel
- Département de Biologie; Université du Québec à Rimouski 300; Allée des Ursulines; Rimouski QC G5L 3A1 Canada
| | - Hélène Morlon
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS); UMR CNRS 8197; 46 rue d'Ulm 75005 Paris France
| | - Nicolas Mouquet
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution; UMR 5554; CNRS; Univ. Montpellier 2; CC 065 Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
| | - James Rosindell
- Department of Life Sciences; Imperial College London; Silwood Park Campus Ascot Berkshire SL5 7PY UK
| | - Juliane Casquet
- Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique; UMR 5174 CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-ENFA; 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Elena Conti
- Institute of Systematic Botany; University of Zurich; Zollikerstrasse 107 8008 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Josselin Cornuault
- Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique; UMR 5174 CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-ENFA; 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - José María Fernández-Palacios
- Island Ecology and Biogeography Group; Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC); Universidad de La Laguna; Tenerife Canary Islands Spain
| | - Tomislav Hengl
- ISRIC-World Soil Information; 6700 AJ Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Sietze J. Norder
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics; Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies; University of Amsterdam; Science Park 904 1098XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth F. Rijsdijk
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics; Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies; University of Amsterdam; Science Park 904 1098XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Isabel Sanmartín
- Real Jardín Botánico; RJB-CSIC; Plaza de Murillo 2 28014 Madrid Spain
| | - Dominique Strasberg
- UMR PVBMT; Université de La Réunion-CIRAD; 7 chemin de l'IRAT Ligne Paradis 97410 Saint Pierre Réunion France
| | - Kostas A. Triantis
- Department of Ecology and Taxonomy; Faculty of Biology; National and Kapodistrian University; Athens 15784 Greece
- Oxford University Centre for the Environment; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QY UK
| | - Luis M. Valente
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology; University of Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Robert J. Whittaker
- Oxford University Centre for the Environment; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QY UK
| | - Rosemary G. Gillespie
- Division of Organisms and Environment; University of California; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Brent C. Emerson
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group; Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC); C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3 La Laguna 38206 Tenerife Canary Islands Spain
| | - Christophe Thébaud
- Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique; UMR 5174 CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-ENFA; 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
- CESAB / FRB; Domaine du Petit Arbois; Av Louis Philibert Aix-en-Provence 13100 France
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne R. Parenti
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 159, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, USA
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Engler JO, Balkenhol N, Filz KJ, Habel JC, Rödder D. Comparative landscape genetics of three closely related sympatric Hesperid butterflies with diverging ecological traits. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106526. [PMID: 25184414 PMCID: PMC4153614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand how landscape characteristics affect gene flow in species with diverging ecological traits, it is important to analyze taxonomically related sympatric species in the same landscape using identical methods. Here, we present such a comparative landscape genetic study involving three closely related Hesperid butterflies of the genus Thymelicus that represent a gradient of diverging ecological traits. We analyzed landscape effects on their gene flow by deriving inter-population connectivity estimates based on different species distribution models (SDMs), which were calculated from multiple landscape parameters. We then used SDM output maps to calculate circuit-theoretic connectivity estimates and statistically compared these estimates to actual genetic differentiation in each species. We based our inferences on two different analytical methods and two metrics of genetic differentiation. Results indicate that land use patterns influence population connectivity in the least mobile specialist T. acteon. In contrast, populations of the highly mobile generalist T. lineola were panmictic, lacking any landscape related effect on genetic differentiation. In the species with ecological traits in between those of the congeners, T. sylvestris, climate has a strong impact on inter-population connectivity. However, the relative importance of different landscape factors for connectivity varies when using different metrics of genetic differentiation in this species. Our results show that closely related species representing a gradient of ecological traits also show genetic structures and landscape genetic relationships that gradually change from a geographical macro- to micro-scale. Thus, the type and magnitude of landscape effects on gene flow can differ strongly even among closely related species inhabiting the same landscape, and depend on their relative degree of specialization. In addition, the use of different genetic differentiation metrics makes it possible to detect recent changes in the relative importance of landscape factors affecting gene flow, which likely change as a result of contemporary habitat alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan O. Engler
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Wildlife Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Niko Balkenhol
- Department of Wildlife Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina J. Filz
- Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier, Germany
- Museum of Natural History Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan C. Habel
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystemmanagement, Technical University Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Dennis Rödder
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
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16
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Pâslaru V. The mechanistic approach of The Theory of Island Biogeography and its current relevance. STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF BIOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 2014; 45:22-33. [PMID: 24457844 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Philosophers of science have examined The Theory of Island Biogeography by Robert MacArthur and E. O. Wilson (1967) mainly due to its important contribution to modeling in ecology, but they have not examined it as a representative case of ecological explanation. In this paper, I scrutinize the type of explanation used in this paradigmatic work of ecology. I describe the philosophy of science of MacArthur and Wilson and show that it is mechanistic. Based on this account and in light of contributions to the mechanistic conception of explanation due to Craver (2007), and Bechtel and Richardson (1993), I argue that MacArthur and Wilson use a mechanistic approach to explain the species-area relationship. In light of this examination, I formulate a normative account of mechanistic explanation in ecology. Furthermore, I argue that it offers a basis for methodological unification of ecology and solves a dispute on the nature of ecology. Lastly, I show that proposals for a new paradigm of biogeography appear to maintain the norms of mechanistic explanation implicit in The Theory of Island Biogeography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorel Pâslaru
- Department of Philosophy, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469-1546, USA.
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17
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Economo EP, Sarnat EM. Revisiting the Ants of Melanesia and the Taxon Cycle: Historical and Human-Mediated Invasions of a Tropical Archipelago. Am Nat 2012; 180:E1-16. [DOI: 10.1086/665996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Franzén M, Schweiger O, Betzholtz PE. Species-area relationships are controlled by species traits. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37359. [PMID: 22629384 PMCID: PMC3357413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The species-area relationship (SAR) is one of the most thoroughly investigated empirical relationships in ecology. Two theories have been proposed to explain SARs: classical island biogeography theory and niche theory. Classical island biogeography theory considers the processes of persistence, extinction, and colonization, whereas niche theory focuses on species requirements, such as habitat and resource use. Recent studies have called for the unification of these two theories to better explain the underlying mechanisms that generates SARs. In this context, species traits that can be related to each theory seem promising. Here we analyzed the SARs of butterfly and moth assemblages on islands differing in size and isolation. We tested whether species traits modify the SAR and the response to isolation. In addition to the expected overall effects on the area, traits related to each of the two theories increased the model fit, from 69% up to 90%. Steeper slopes have been shown to have a particularly higher sensitivity to area, which was indicated by species with restricted range (slope = 0.82), narrow dietary niche (slope = 0.59), low abundance (slope = 0.52), and low reproductive potential (slope = 0.51). We concluded that considering species traits by analyzing SARs yields considerable potential for unifying island biogeography theory and niche theory, and that the systematic and predictable effects observed when considering traits can help to guide conservation and management actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Franzén
- Department of Community Ecology, UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany.
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Lumley LM, Sperling FA. Life-history traits maintain the genomic integrity of sympatric species of the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) group on an isolated forest island. Ecol Evol 2011; 1:119-31. [PMID: 22393489 PMCID: PMC3287303 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of widespread species collected from islands can be challenging due to the potential for local ecological and phenotypic divergence in isolated populations. We sought to determine how many species of the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) complex reside in Cypress Hills, an isolated remnant coniferous forest in western Canada. We integrated data on behavior, ecology, morphology, mitochondrial DNA, and simple sequence repeats, comparing Cypress Hills populations to those from other regions of North America to determine which species they resembled most. We identified C. fumiferana, C. occidentalis, C. lambertiana, and hybrid forms in Cypress Hills. Adult flight phenology and pheromone attraction were identified as key life-history traits involved in maintaining the genomic integrity of species. Our study highlights the importance of extensive sampling of both specimens and a variety of characters for understanding species boundaries in biodiversity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Lumley
- Department of Biological Sciences, CW 405 Biological Sciences Centre, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
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CREWS SARAHC, GILLESPIE ROSEMARYG. Molecular systematics of Selenops spiders (Araneae: Selenopidae) from North and Central America: implications for Caribbean biogeography. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01494.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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