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Jarrett BJM, Miller CW. Host Plant Effects on Sexual Selection Dynamics in Phytophagous Insects. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 69:41-57. [PMID: 37562047 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-022823-020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Natural selection is notoriously dynamic in nature, and so, too, is sexual selection. The interactions between phytophagous insects and their host plants have provided valuable insights into the many ways in which ecological factors can influence sexual selection. In this review, we highlight recent discoveries and provide guidance for future work in this area. Importantly, host plants can affect both the agents of sexual selection (e.g., mate choice and male-male competition) and the traits under selection (e.g., ornaments and weapons). Furthermore, in our rapidly changing world, insects now routinely encounter new potential host plants. The process of adaptation to a new host may be hindered or accelerated by sexual selection, and the unexplored evolutionary trajectories that emerge from these dynamics are relevant to pest management and insect conservation strategies. Examining the effects of host plants on sexual selection has the potential to advance our fundamental understanding of sexual conflict, host range evolution, and speciation, with relevance across taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J M Jarrett
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom;
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
| | - Christine W Miller
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
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Desjonquères C, Speck B, Seidita S, Cirino LA, Escalante I, Sergi C, Maliszewski J, Wiese C, Hoebel G, Bailey NW, Rodríguez RL. Social Plasticity Enhances Signal-Preference Codivergence. Am Nat 2023; 202:818-829. [PMID: 38033176 DOI: 10.1086/726786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe social environment is often the most dynamic and fitness-relevant environment animals experience. Here we tested whether plasticity arising from variation in social environments can promote signal-preference divergence-a key prediction of recent speciation theory but one that has proven difficult to test in natural systems. Interactions in mixed social aggregations could reduce, create, or enhance signal-preference differences. In the latter case, social plasticity could establish or increase assortative mating. We tested this by rearing two recently diverged species of Enchenopa treehoppers-sap-feeding insects that communicate with plant-borne vibrational signals-in treatments consisting of mixed-species versus own-species aggregations. Social experience with heterospecifics (in the mixed-species treatment) resulted in enhanced signal-preference species differences. For one of the two species, we tested but found no differences in the plastic response between sympatric and allopatric sites, suggesting the absence of reinforcement in the signals and preferences and their plastic response. Our results support the hypothesis that social plasticity can create or enhance signal-preference differences and that this might occur in the absence of long-term selection against hybridization on plastic responses themselves. Such social plasticity may facilitate rapid bursts of diversification.
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Desjonquères C, Speck B, Rodríguez RL. Signalling interactions during ontogeny are a cause of social plasticity in Enchenopa treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae). Behav Processes 2019; 166:103887. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rebar D, Barbosa F, Greenfield MD. Female reproductive plasticity to the social environment and its impact on male reproductive success. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-019-2661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kelly CD. The causes and evolutionary consequences of variation in female mate choice in insects: the effects of individual state, genotypes and environments. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 27:1-8. [PMID: 30025624 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sexual selection generally involves males evolving secondary sexual characters that satisfy the mating preferences of females. Behavioral ecologists have spent considerable research effort on identifying how variation in sexually-selected traits in insects is maintained among males at the expense of investigating the proximate and ultimate causes of variation in female mating preferences for those male traits. The past decade has witnessed improved effort in redressing this bias in insects with researchers identifying a host of factors intrinsic and extrinsic to the female as mediating flexibility in female mating behavior. Evidence is mounting that a female's social environment, whether experienced during development or as an adult, is key to shaping her mating preferences. Others have extended these observations to show that the genetic identity of the conspecific individuals comprising the social environment can have profound effects on female mating preferences via indirect genetic effects (IGEs), or through interspecific indirect genetic effects (IIGEs) if the genotype of heterospecifics influences plasticity in mating preferences. Considerably more work is needed to not only expand our list of mediating intrinsic and extrinsic factors but also to identify how their interaction influences individual variation in male and female mating preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clint D Kelly
- Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888 succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
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Bailey NW, Marie-Orleach L, Moore AJ. Indirect genetic effects in behavioral ecology: does behavior play a special role in evolution? Behav Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arx127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan W Bailey
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, UK
| | | | - Allen J Moore
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
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Kilmer JT, Fowler‐Finn KD, Gray DA, Höbel G, Rebar D, Reichert MS, Rodríguez RL. Describing mate preference functions and other function‐valued traits. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:1658-1673. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. T. Kilmer
- Behavioral & Molecular Ecology Group Department of Biological Sciences University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee Milwaukee WI USA
| | | | - D. A. Gray
- Department of Biology California State University Northridge Northridge CA USA
| | - G. Höbel
- Behavioral & Molecular Ecology Group Department of Biological Sciences University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee Milwaukee WI USA
| | - D. Rebar
- Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - M. S. Reichert
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science University College Cork Cork Ireland
| | - R. L. Rodríguez
- Behavioral & Molecular Ecology Group Department of Biological Sciences University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee Milwaukee WI USA
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Males adjust their signalling behaviour according to experience of male signals and male–female signal duets. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:766-76. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Xue HJ, Wei JN, Magalhães S, Zhang B, Song KQ, Liu J, Li WZ, Yang XK. Contact pheromones of 2 sympatric beetles are modified by the host plant and affect mate choice. Behav Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arv238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Rebar D, Barbosa F, Greenfield MD. Acoustic experience influences male and female pre- and postcopulatory behaviors in a bushcricket. Behav Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arv171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Fowler-Finn KD, Kilmer JT, Hallett AC, Rodríguez RL. Variation in signal-preference genetic correlations in Enchenopa treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae). Ecol Evol 2015; 5:2774-86. [PMID: 26306166 PMCID: PMC4541985 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fisherian selection is a within-population process that promotes signal–preference coevolution and speciation due to signal–preference genetic correlations. The importance of the contribution of Fisherian selection to speciation depends in part on the answer to two outstanding questions: What explains differences in the strength of signal–preference genetic correlations? And, how does the magnitude of within-species signal–preference covariation compare to species differences in signals and preferences? To address these questions, we tested for signal–preference genetic correlations in two members of the Enchenopa binotata complex, a clade of plant-feeding insects wherein speciation involves the colonization of novel host plants and signal–preference divergence. We used a full-sibling, split-family rearing experiment to estimate genetic correlations and to analyze the underlying patterns of variation in signals and preferences. Genetic correlations were weak or zero, but exploration of the underlying patterns of variation in signals and preferences revealed some full-sib families that varied by as much as 50% of the distance between similar species in the E. binotata complex. This result was stronger in the species that showed greater amounts of genetic variation in signals and preferences. We argue that some forms of weak signal–preference genetic correlation may have important evolutionary consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey D Fowler-Finn
- Behavioral and Molecular Ecology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee, Wisconsin ; Department of Biology, Saint Louis University Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Joseph T Kilmer
- Behavioral and Molecular Ecology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Allysa C Hallett
- Behavioral and Molecular Ecology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Rafael L Rodríguez
- Behavioral and Molecular Ecology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Rebar D, Rodríguez RL. Insect mating signal and mate preference phenotypes covary among host plant genotypes. Evolution 2015; 69:602-10. [PMID: 25611556 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sexual selection acting on small initial differences in mating signals and mate preferences can enhance signal-preference codivergence and reproductive isolation during speciation. However, the origin of initial differences in sexual traits remains unclear. We asked whether biotic environments, a source of variation in sexual traits, may provide a general solution to this problem. Specifically, we asked whether genetic variation in biotic environments provided by host plants can result in signal-preference phenotypic covariance in a host-specific, plant-feeding insect. We used a member of the Enchenopa binotata species complex of treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae) to assess patterns of variation in male mating signals and female mate preferences induced by genetic variation in host plants. We employed a novel implementation of a quantitative genetics method, rearing field-collected treehoppers on a sample of naturally occurring replicated host plant clone lines. We found remarkably high signal-preference covariance among host plant genotypes. Thus, genetic variation in biotic environments influences the sexual phenotypes of organisms living on those environments in a way that promotes assortative mating among environments. This consequence arises from conditions likely to be common in nature (phenotypic plasticity and variation in biotic environments). It therefore offers a general answer to how divergent sexual selection may begin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Rebar
- Behavioral and Molecular Ecology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Lapham Hall, 3209 North Maryland Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201; Current Address: Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte (IRBI), UMR 7261, Faculté de Sciences et Techniques, Avenue Monge, Parc Grandmont, 37200, Tours, France.
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