1
|
Baquedano E, Arsuaga JL, Pérez-González A, Laplana C, Márquez B, Huguet R, Gómez-Soler S, Villaescusa L, Galindo-Pellicena MÁ, Rodríguez L, García-González R, Ortega MC, Martín-Perea DM, Ortega AI, Hernández-Vivanco L, Ruiz-Liso G, Gómez-Hernanz J, Alonso-Martín JI, Abrunhosa A, Moclán A, Casado AI, Vegara-Riquelme M, Álvarez-Fernández A, Domínguez-García ÁC, Álvarez-Lao DJ, García N, Sevilla P, Blain HA, Ruiz-Zapata B, Gil-García MJ, Álvarez-Vena A, Sanz T, Quam R, Higham T. A symbolic Neanderthal accumulation of large herbivore crania. Nat Hum Behav 2023; 7:342-352. [PMID: 36702939 PMCID: PMC10038806 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-022-01503-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This work examines the possible behaviour of Neanderthal groups at the Cueva Des-Cubierta (central Spain) via the analysis of the latter's archaeological assemblage. Alongside evidence of Mousterian lithic industry, Level 3 of the cave infill was found to contain an assemblage of mammalian bone remains dominated by the crania of large ungulates, some associated with small hearths. The scarcity of post-cranial elements, teeth, mandibles and maxillae, along with evidence of anthropogenic modification of the crania (cut and percussion marks), indicates that the carcasses of the corresponding animals were initially processed outside the cave, and the crania were later brought inside. A second round of processing then took place, possibly related to the removal of the brain. The continued presence of crania throughout Level 3 indicates that this behaviour was recurrent during this level's formation. This behaviour seems to have no subsistence-related purpose but to be more symbolic in its intent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Baquedano
- Museo Arqueológico y Paleontológico de la Comunidad de Madrid, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
- Institute of Evolution in Africa, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan L Arsuaga
- Department of Geodynamics, Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, Faculty of Geology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- UCM-ISCIII Research Centre for Human Evolution and Behaviour, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Pérez-González
- Department of Geodynamics, Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, Faculty of Geology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Laplana
- Museo Arqueológico y Paleontológico de la Comunidad de Madrid, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Belén Márquez
- Museo Arqueológico y Paleontológico de la Comunidad de Madrid, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Rosa Huguet
- IPHES-CERCA, Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament d'Història i Història de l'Art, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Unit associated with CSIC, Departamento de Paleobiología, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Gómez-Soler
- Museo Arqueológico y Paleontológico de la Comunidad de Madrid, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Department of Geology, Geography and Environment, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Lucía Villaescusa
- Museo Arqueológico y Paleontológico de la Comunidad de Madrid, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Department of Geology, Geography and Environment, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Galindo-Pellicena
- Museo Arqueológico y Paleontológico de la Comunidad de Madrid, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- University of Alcalá General Foundation, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Isabel I, Burgos, Spain
- Laboratory of Human Evolution, Faculty of Humanities and Communication, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Rebeca García-González
- Laboratory of Human Evolution, Faculty of Humanities and Communication, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - M-Cruz Ortega
- UCM-ISCIII Research Centre for Human Evolution and Behaviour, Madrid, Spain
| | - David M Martín-Perea
- Institute of Evolution in Africa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Geodynamics, Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, Faculty of Geology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Palaeobiology Department, National Natural Sciences Museum-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Ortega
- National Research Centre for Human Evolution (FA-CENIEH), Burgos, Spain
- Fundación Atapuerca, Ibeas de Juarros, Burgos, Spain
| | - Lucía Hernández-Vivanco
- Institute of Evolution in Africa, Madrid, Spain
- Department History and Philosophy, Area of Prehistory, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | | | - Juan Gómez-Hernanz
- Museo Arqueológico y Paleontológico de la Comunidad de Madrid, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | | | - Ana Abrunhosa
- National Research Centre for Human Evolution (FA-CENIEH), Burgos, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Abel Moclán
- Institute of Evolution in Africa, Madrid, Spain
- National Research Centre for Human Evolution (FA-CENIEH), Burgos, Spain
- Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Ana I Casado
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Geosciences (IGEO, UCM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Vegara-Riquelme
- Institute of Evolution in Africa, Madrid, Spain
- Department History and Philosophy, Area of Prehistory, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Ana Álvarez-Fernández
- Laboratory of Human Evolution, Faculty of Humanities and Communication, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Ángel C Domínguez-García
- Department of Geodynamics, Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, Faculty of Geology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Nuria García
- Department of Geodynamics, Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, Faculty of Geology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- UCM-ISCIII Research Centre for Human Evolution and Behaviour, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Sevilla
- Department of Geodynamics, Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, Faculty of Geology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugues-Alexandre Blain
- IPHES-CERCA, Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament d'Història i Història de l'Art, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Blanca Ruiz-Zapata
- Department of Geology, Geography and Environment, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - M José Gil-García
- Department of Geology, Geography and Environment, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | | | | | - Rolf Quam
- UCM-ISCIII Research Centre for Human Evolution and Behaviour, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, USA
- Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
- Cátedra de Otoacústica Evolutiva y Paleoantropología (HM Hospitales-Universidad de Alcalá), Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tom Higham
- Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences Forschungsverbund, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sanz M, Daura J, Cabanes D, Égüez N, Carrancho Á, Badal E, Souto P, Rodrigues F, Zilhão J. Early evidence of fire in south-western Europe: the Acheulean site of Gruta da Aroeira (Torres Novas, Portugal). Sci Rep 2020; 10:12053. [PMID: 32694542 PMCID: PMC7374095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68839-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The site of Gruta da Aroeira (Torres Novas, Portugal), with evidence of human occupancy dating to ca. 400 ka (Marine Isotope Stage 11), is one of the very few Middle Pleistocene localities to have provided a fossil hominin cranium associated with Acheulean bifaces in a cave context. The multi-analytic study reported here of the by-products of burning recorded in layer X suggests the presence of anthropogenic fires at the site, among the oldest such evidence in south-western Europe. The burnt material consists of bone, charcoal and, possibly, quartzite cobbles. These finds were made in a small area of the cave and in two separate occupation horizons. Our results add to our still-limited knowledge about the controlled use of fire in the Lower Palaeolithic and contribute to ongoing debates on the behavioural complexity of the Acheulean of Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Sanz
- Grup de Recerca del Quaternari (GRQ-SERP), Departament d'Història i Arqueologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Montalegre, 6, 08001, Barcelona, Spain. .,UNIARQ-Centro de Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-214, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Joan Daura
- Grup de Recerca del Quaternari (GRQ-SERP), Departament d'Història i Arqueologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Montalegre, 6, 08001, Barcelona, Spain.,UNIARQ-Centro de Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-214, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dan Cabanes
- Department of Anthropology, Rutgers University, Biological Sciences Building, 32 Bishop Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Natalia Égüez
- Archaeological Micromorphology and Biomarkers, AMBI Lab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ángel Carrancho
- Área de Prehistoria. Dpto. Historia, Geografía y Comunicación. Edificio I+D+i, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos S/N, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Ernestina Badal
- PREMEDOC-GIUV2015-213, Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Història Antiga, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibañez 28, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Souto
- STEA, Sociedade Torrejana de Espeleologia e Arqueologia, Quinta da Lezíria, 2350-510, Torres Novas, Portugal
| | - Filipa Rodrigues
- UNIARQ-Centro de Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-214, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Zilhão
- UNIARQ-Centro de Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-214, Lisbon, Portugal.,Departament d'Història i Arqueologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Montalegre, 6, 08001, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|