1
|
Hadlow JH, Lymbery RA, Evans JP. Density-dependent patterns of multivariate selection on sperm motility and morphology in a broadcast spawning mussel. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8514. [PMID: 35154644 PMCID: PMC8829106 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm cells exhibit extraordinary phenotypic variation, both among taxa and within individual species, yet our understanding of the adaptive value of sperm trait variation across multiple contexts is incomplete. For species without the opportunity to choose mating partners, such as sessile broadcast spawning invertebrates, fertilization depends on gamete interactions, which in turn can be strongly influenced by local environmental conditions that alter the concentration of sperm and eggs. However, the way in which such environmental factors impact phenotypic selection on functional gamete traits remains unclear in most systems. Here, we analyze patterns of linear and nonlinear multivariate selection under experimentally altered local sperm densities (densities within the capture zone of eggs) on a range of functionally important sperm traits in the broadcast spawning marine mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis. Specifically, we assay components of sperm motility and morphology across two fertilization environments that simulate either sperm limitation (when there are too few sperm to fertilize all available eggs), or sperm saturation (when there are many more sperm than required for fertilization, and the risk of polyspermy and embryonic failure is heightened). Our findings reveal that the strength, form, and targets of selection on sperm depend on the prevailing fertilization environment. In particular, our analyses revealed multiple significant axes of nonlinear selection on sperm motility traits under sperm limitation, but only significant negative directional selection on flagellum length under sperm saturation. These findings highlight the importance of local sperm densities in driving the adaptation of sperm phenotypes, particularly those related to sperm motility, in broadcast spawning invertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H. Hadlow
- Centre for Evolutionary BiologySchool of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
| | - Rowan A. Lymbery
- Centre for Evolutionary BiologySchool of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
| | - Jonathan P. Evans
- Centre for Evolutionary BiologySchool of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Peyran C, Boissin E, Morage T, Nebot‐Colomer E, Iwankow G, Planes S. Investigating population dynamics from parentage analysis in the highly endangered fan mussel Pinna nobilis. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8482. [PMID: 35127019 PMCID: PMC8796933 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding dispersal patterns is a major focus for conservation biology as it influences local survival and resilience in case of local disturbance, particularly for sessile species. Dispersal can be assessed through parentage analyses by estimating family structure and self-recruitment. This study documents the family structure of a pelagic spawner, Pinna nobilis, which is facing a major crisis that threatens its survival as most of its populations have been decimated by a parasite, Haplosporidium pinnae. In this context, we focused on a single population (Peyrefite, Banyuls-sur-mer, France) where 640 individuals were sampled in 2011, 2015, and 2018 and genotyped for 22 microsatellite markers. Genetic diversity was high and homogeneous among years, with mean allele numbers ranging between 13.6 and 14.8 and observed heterozygosities (H o) between 0.7121 and 0.7331. Low, but significant, genetic differentiations were found between 2011-2015 and 2015-2018. A parentage analysis described 11 clusters, including one prevailing, and revealed that 46.9% of individuals were involved in half-sib relationships, even between years, suggesting that source populations were recurrent year after year. There were few individuals resampled between years (30 in 2015 and 14 in 2018), indicating a rapid turnover. Considering the large number of half-sib relationships but the low number of relations per individual, we conclude that P. nobilis exhibit homogeneous reproductive success. Self-recruitment was not detected, making this population highly vulnerable as replenishment only relies on connectivity from neighboring populations. In the context of the pandemic caused by H. pinnae, these results will have to be considered when choosing a location to reintroduce individuals in potential future rescue plans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Peyran
- EPHE – UPVD – CNRSUSR 3278 CRIOBEPSL Research UniversityPerpignanFrance
| | - Emilie Boissin
- EPHE – UPVD – CNRSUSR 3278 CRIOBEPSL Research UniversityPerpignanFrance
- Laboratoire d'Excellence «CORAIL»PerpignanFrance
| | - Titouan Morage
- EPHE – UPVD – CNRSUSR 3278 CRIOBEPSL Research UniversityPerpignanFrance
| | - Elisabet Nebot‐Colomer
- EPHE – UPVD – CNRSUSR 3278 CRIOBEPSL Research UniversityPerpignanFrance
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO, CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de BalearesPalma de MallorcaSpain
| | - Guillaume Iwankow
- EPHE – UPVD – CNRSUSR 3278 CRIOBEPSL Research UniversityPerpignanFrance
| | - Serge Planes
- EPHE – UPVD – CNRSUSR 3278 CRIOBEPSL Research UniversityPerpignanFrance
- Laboratoire d'Excellence «CORAIL»PerpignanFrance
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fujihara Y, Herberg S, Blaha A, Panser K, Kobayashi K, Larasati T, Novatchkova M, Theussl HC, Olszanska O, Ikawa M, Pauli A. The conserved fertility factor SPACA4/Bouncer has divergent modes of action in vertebrate fertilization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2108777118. [PMID: 34556579 PMCID: PMC8488580 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108777118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertilization is the fundamental process that initiates the development of a new individual in all sexually reproducing species. Despite its importance, our understanding of the molecular players that govern mammalian sperm-egg interaction is incomplete, partly because many of the essential factors found in nonmammalian species do not have obvious mammalian homologs. We have recently identified the lymphocyte antigen-6 (Ly6)/urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) protein Bouncer as an essential fertilization factor in zebrafish [S. Herberg, K. R. Gert, A. Schleiffer, A. Pauli, Science 361, 1029-1033 (2018)]. Here, we show that Bouncer's homolog in mammals, Sperm Acrosome Associated 4 (SPACA4), is also required for efficient fertilization in mice. In contrast to fish, in which Bouncer is expressed specifically in the egg, SPACA4 is expressed exclusively in the sperm. Male knockout mice are severely subfertile, and sperm lacking SPACA4 fail to fertilize wild-type eggs in vitro. Interestingly, removal of the zona pellucida rescues the fertilization defect of Spaca4-deficient sperm in vitro, indicating that SPACA4 is not required for the interaction of sperm and the oolemma but rather of sperm and the zona pellucida. Our work identifies SPACA4 as an important sperm protein necessary for zona pellucida penetration during mammalian fertilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Fujihara
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita 564-8565, Japan
| | - Sarah Herberg
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Blaha
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Panser
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kiyonori Kobayashi
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tamara Larasati
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Maria Novatchkova
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans-Christian Theussl
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Olga Olszanska
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan;
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Andrea Pauli
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Evans JP, Lymbery RA. Sexual selection after gamete release in broadcast spawning invertebrates. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20200069. [PMID: 33070722 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Broadcast spawning invertebrates offer highly tractable models for evaluating sperm competition, gamete-level mate choice and sexual conflict. By displaying the ancestral mating strategy of external fertilization, where sexual selection is constrained to act after gamete release, broadcast spawners also offer potential evolutionary insights into the cascade of events that led to sexual reproduction in more 'derived' groups (including humans). Moreover, the dynamic reproductive conditions faced by these animals mean that the strength and direction of sexual selection on both males and females can vary considerably. These attributes make broadcast spawning invertebrate systems uniquely suited to testing, extending, and sometimes challenging classic and contemporary ideas in sperm competition, many of which were first captured in Parker's seminal papers on the topic. Here, we provide a synthesis outlining progress in these fields, and highlight the burgeoning potential for broadcast spawners to provide both evolutionary and mechanistic understanding into gamete-level sexual selection more broadly across the animal kingdom. This article is part of the theme issue 'Fifty years of sperm competition'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Evans
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia
| | - Rowan A Lymbery
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Carlisle JA, Swanson WJ. Molecular mechanisms and evolution of fertilization proteins. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2020; 336:652-665. [PMID: 33015976 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sexual reproduction involves a cascade of molecular interactions between the sperm and the egg culminating in cell-cell fusion. Vital steps mediating fertilization include chemoattraction of the sperm to the egg, induction of the sperm acrosome reaction, dissolution of the egg coat, and sperm-egg plasma membrane binding and fusion. Despite decades of research, only a handful of interacting gamete recognition proteins (GRPs) have been identified across taxa mediating each of these steps, most notably in abalone, sea urchins, and mammals. This review outlines and compares notable GRP pairs mediating sperm-egg recognition in these three significant model systems and discusses the molecular basis of species-specific fertilization driven by GRP function. In addition, we explore the evolutionary theory behind the rapid diversification of GRPs between species. In particular, we focus on how the coevolution between interacting sperm and egg proteins may contribute to the formation of boundaries to hybridization. Finally, we discuss how pairing structural information with evolutionary insights can improve our understanding of mechanisms of fertilization and their origins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolie A Carlisle
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Willie J Swanson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Olsen KC, Ryan WH, Winn AA, Kosman ET, Moscoso JA, Krueger-Hadfield SA, Burgess SC, Carlon DB, Grosberg RK, Kalisz S, Levitan DR. Inbreeding shapes the evolution of marine invertebrates. Evolution 2020; 74:871-882. [PMID: 32191349 PMCID: PMC7383701 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inbreeding is a potent evolutionary force shaping the distribution of genetic variation within and among populations of plants and animals. Yet, our understanding of the forces shaping the expression and evolution of nonrandom mating in general, and inbreeding in particular, remains remarkably incomplete. Most research on plant mating systems focuses on self-fertilization and its consequences for automatic selection, inbreeding depression, purging, and reproductive assurance, whereas studies of animal mating systems have often assumed that inbreeding is rare, and that natural selection favors traits that promote outbreeding. Given that many sessile and sedentary marine invertebrates and marine macroalgae share key life history features with seed plants (e.g., low mobility, modular construction, and the release of gametes into the environment), their mating systems may be similar. Here, we show that published estimates of inbreeding coefficients (FIS ) for sessile and sedentary marine organisms are similar and at least as high as noted in terrestrial seed plants. We also found that variation in FIS within invertebrates is related to the potential to self-fertilize, disperse, and choose mates. The similarity of FIS for these organismal groups suggests that inbreeding could play a larger role in the evolution of sessile and sedentary marine organisms than is currently recognized. Specifically, associations between traits of marine invertebrates and FIS suggest that inbreeding could drive evolutionary transitions between hermaphroditism and separate sexes, direct development and multiphasic life cycles, and external and internal fertilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Olsen
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32304
| | - Will H Ryan
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Alice A Winn
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32304
| | - Ellen T Kosman
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32304
| | - Jose A Moscoso
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794
| | | | - Scott C Burgess
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32304
| | - David B Carlon
- The Biology Department, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine, 04011.,Schiller Coastal Studies Center, Bowdoin College, Orr's Island, Maine, 04066
| | - Richard K Grosberg
- Coastal and Marine Sciences Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616
| | - Susan Kalisz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996
| | - Don R Levitan
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32304
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fishman L, McIntosh M. Standard Deviations: The Biological Bases of Transmission Ratio Distortion. Annu Rev Genet 2019; 53:347-372. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-112618-043905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The rule of Mendelian inheritance is remarkably robust, but deviations from the equal transmission of alternative alleles at a locus [a.k.a. transmission ratio distortion (TRD)] are also commonly observed in genetic mapping populations. Such TRD reveals locus-specific selection acting at some point between the diploid heterozygous parents and progeny genotyping and therefore can provide novel insight into otherwise-hidden genetic and evolutionary processes. Most of the classic selfish genetic elements were discovered through their biasing of transmission, but many unselfish evolutionary and developmental processes can also generate TRD. In this review, we describe methodologies for detecting TRD in mapping populations, detail the arenas and genetic interactions that shape TRD during plant and animal reproduction, and summarize patterns of TRD from across the genetic mapping literature. Finally, we point to new experimental approaches that can accelerate both detection of TRD and characterization of the underlying genetic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lila Fishman
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA
| | - Mariah McIntosh
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Han Y, Shi W, Rong J, Zha S, Guan X, Sun H, Liu G. Exposure to Waterborne nTiO 2 Reduces Fertilization Success and Increases Polyspermy in a Bivalve Mollusc: A Threat to Population Recruitment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:12754-12763. [PMID: 31596577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fertilization success is crucial for the population recruitment of an organism. However, little is known about the threat of nanoparticles (NPs) to the fertilization of broadcast spawners. Therefore, the effects of nTiO2 on fertilization success, polyspermy rate, sperm velocity, gametic DNA damage, sperm-egg collision probability, gamete fusion, and oocyte ultrastructure were investigated in a broadcast spawning bivalve, Tegillarca granosa. The results obtained show that fertilization success significantly decreased, whereas polyspermy risk markedly increased upon nTiO2 exposure. In addition, nTiO2 exposure led to a significant reduction in sperm swimming velocity, which would subsequently constrain gamete collisions. In addition, nTiO2 exposure resulted in a significant decline in gamete fusion per collision along with aggravated DNA damage in gametes. Furthermore, ultrastructural analysis illustrated the attachment of nTiO2 to the oocyte surface, which subsequently resulted in microvillus disassociation and plasma membrane damage. In conclusion, the results obtained suggest a significant threat from NP pollution to the recruitment of broadcast spawning invertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- College of Animal Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Jiahuan Rong
- College of Animal Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Shanjie Zha
- College of Animal Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Xiaofan Guan
- College of Animal Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Hongxiang Sun
- College of Animal Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Levitan DR, Buchwalter R, Hao Y. The evolution of gametic compatibility and compatibility groups in the sea urchin
Mesocentrotus franciscanus
: An avenue for speciation in the sea. Evolution 2019; 73:1428-1442. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Don R. Levitan
- Department of Biological Science Florida State University Tallahassee Florida 32306
| | - Rebecca Buchwalter
- Department of Biological Science Florida State University Tallahassee Florida 32306
| | - Yueling Hao
- Department of Biological Science Florida State University Tallahassee Florida 32306
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lehtonen J, Dardare L. Mathematical Models of Fertilization—An Eco-Evolutionary Perspective. THE QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1086/703633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
11
|
Precht WF, Vollmer SV, Modys AB, Kaufman L. Fossil Acropora prolifera (Lamarck, 1816) reveals coral hybridization is not only a recent phenomenon. P BIOL SOC WASH 2019. [DOI: 10.2988/18-d-18-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William F. Precht
- (WFP) Dial Cordy and Associates, Inc., Marine and Coastal Programs, 1011 Ives Dairy Road, Suite 210, Miami, FL 33179
| | - Stephen V. Vollmer
- (SVV) Northeastern University, Department of Marine and Environmental Science, 430 Nahant Rd., Nahant, MA 01908
| | - Alexander B. Modys
- (ABM) Florida Atlantic University, Department of Geosciences, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431
| | - Les Kaufman
- (LK) Boston University Marine Program, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston MA, 02215
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lehtonen J, Parker GA. Evolution of the Two Sexes under Internal Fertilization and Alternative Evolutionary Pathways. Am Nat 2019; 193:702-716. [PMID: 31002575 DOI: 10.1086/702588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Transition from isogamy to anisogamy, hence males and females, leads to sexual selection, sexual conflict, sexual dimorphism, and sex roles. Gamete dynamics theory links biophysics of gamete limitation, gamete competition, and resource requirements for zygote survival and assumes broadcast spawning. It makes testable predictions, but most comparative tests use volvocine algae, which feature internal fertilization. We broaden this theory by comparing broadcast-spawning predictions with two plausible internal-fertilization scenarios: gamete casting/brooding (one mating type retains gametes internally, the other broadcasts them) and packet casting/brooding (one type retains gametes internally, the other broadcasts packets containing gametes, which are released for fertilization). Models show that predictions are remarkably robust to these radical changes, yielding (1) isogamy under low gamete limitation, low gamete competition, and similar required resources for gametes and zygotes, (2) anisogamy when gamete competition and/or limitation are higher and when zygotes require more resources than gametes, as is likely as multicellularity develops, (3) a positive correlation between multicellular complexity and anisogamy ratio, and (4) under gamete competition, only brooders becoming female. Thus, gamete dynamics theory represents a potent rationale for isogamy/anisogamy and makes similar testable predictions for broadcast spawners and internal fertilizers, regardless of whether anisogamy or internal fertilization evolved first.
Collapse
|
13
|
Nieuwenhuis BPS, Aanen DK. Nuclear arms races: Experimental evolution for mating success in the mushroom-forming fungus Schizophyllum commune. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209671. [PMID: 30589876 PMCID: PMC6320016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
When many gametes compete to fertilize a limited number of compatible gametes, sexual selection will favour traits that increase competitive success during mating. In animals and plants, sperm and pollen competition have yielded many interesting adaptations for improved mating success. In fungi, similar processes have not been shown directly yet. We test the hypothesis that sexual selection can increase competitive fitness during mating, using experimental evolution in the mushroom-forming fungus Schizophyllum commune (Basidiomycota). Mating in mushroom fungi occurs by donation of nuclei to a mycelium. These fertilizing 'male' nuclei migrate through the receiving 'female' mycelium. In our setup, an evolving population of nuclei was serially mated with a non-evolving female mycelium for 20 sexual generations. From the twelve tested evolved lines, four had increased and one had decreased fitness relative to an unevolved competitor. Even though only two of those five remained significant after correcting for multiple comparisons, for all five lines we found a correlation between the efficiency with which the female mycelium is accessed and fitness, providing additional circumstantial evidence for fitness change in those five lines. In two lines, fitness change was also accompanied by increased spore production. The one line with net reduced competitive fitness had increased spore production, but reduced fertilisation efficiency. We did not find trade-offs between male reproductive success and other fitness components. We compare these findings with examples of sperm and pollen competition and show that many similarities between these systems and nuclear competition in mushrooms exist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bart P. S. Nieuwenhuis
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Duur K. Aanen
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Herberg S, Gert KR, Schleiffer A, Pauli A. The Ly6/uPAR protein Bouncer is necessary and sufficient for species-specific fertilization. Science 2018; 361:1029-1033. [PMID: 30190407 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat7113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fertilization is fundamental for sexual reproduction, yet its molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. We found that an oocyte-expressed Ly6/uPAR protein, which we call Bouncer, is a crucial fertilization factor in zebrafish. Membrane-bound Bouncer mediates sperm-egg binding and is thus essential for sperm entry into the egg. Remarkably, Bouncer not only is required for sperm-egg interaction but is also sufficient to allow cross-species fertilization between zebrafish and medaka, two fish species that diverged more than 200 million years ago. Our study thus identifies Bouncer as a key determinant of species-specific fertilization in fish. Bouncer's closest homolog in tetrapods, SPACA4, is restricted to the male germline in internally fertilizing vertebrates, which suggests that our findings in fish have relevance to human biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Herberg
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Krista R Gert
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Schleiffer
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Pauli
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abadia-Chanona QY, Avila-Poveda OH, Arellano-Martinez M, Ceballos-Vazquez BP, Benitez-Villalobos F, Parker GA, Rodriguez-Dominguez G, Garcia-Ibañez S. Reproductive traits and relative gonad expenditure of the sexes of the free spawning Chiton articulatus(Mollusca: Polyplacophora). INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2018.1514670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quetzalli Yasu Abadia-Chanona
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR), Instituto Politecnico Nacional (IPN), La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar (FACIMAR), Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa (UAS), Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Omar Hernando Avila-Poveda
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar (FACIMAR), Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa (UAS), Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico
- Direccion de Catedras-CONACYT, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Marcial Arellano-Martinez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR), Instituto Politecnico Nacional (IPN), La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Bertha Patricia Ceballos-Vazquez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR), Instituto Politecnico Nacional (IPN), La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | | | - Geoff A. Parker
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Sergio Garcia-Ibañez
- Unidad Academica de Ecologia Marina, Universidad Autonoma de Guerrero (UAGro), Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Betters M, Levitan DR. The Role of Male Variation in Fertilization Success in Determining the Costs and Benefits of Polyandry in the Broadcast Spawning Urchin Lytechinus variegatus. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2018; 235:63-70. [PMID: 30358447 DOI: 10.1086/699406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the benefits to males mating with multiple females have been well documented, the benefits to females mating with multiple males (polyandry) are less studied, particularly the mechanism that might drive these potential benefits. Benefits of polyandry might stem from increasing the chance of mating with a high-quality or compatible male or stem from the ability of multiple males to fertilize more eggs than any single male. We examine the fertilization consequences of polyandry in the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus. This species has variation in spine color, and we conducted matings between individual and pooled sperm from two males that matched or mismatched in color. The results indicate that (1) males with white spines achieved higher fertilization and were more likely to cause polyspermy than males with purple spines, and there was no effect of female spine color on fertilization; (2) when comparing the average success of individual matings with pooled-sperm matings, there was a net benefit to polyandry when purple-spine males were pooled, a net cost when white-spine males were pooled, and no difference when mismatched spine color males were pooled; and (3) the success under pooled-sperm trials, with any of the spine color combinations, never exceeded the success of the more successful male in the individual-male trials. Together these results suggest that the consequences of polyandry depend on the relation between sperm availability and the sensitivity of eggs to sperm limitation and polyspermy with respect to the specific set of available males. The potential fertilization consequences of a female spawning with multiple males might be associated primarily with increasing the amount of sperm available to fertilize her eggs and secondarily with increasing the chances of mating with a higher-quality or more compatible male, as opposed to a diversity of males.
Collapse
|